KINDS OF ADVANCED SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS

KINDS OF ADVANCED SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ ĐỘNG TỪ K[.]

Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU BÀI GIẢNG CHUYÊN SÂU BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH GIỎI – MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: BỒI DƯỠNG KIẾN THỨC NÂNG CAO VỀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU MODAL VERBS I Some Common Modal Verbs Must/ Have to - Must: phải => diễn tả cần thiết, bắt buộc (mang tính cá nhân); hản => diễn tả suy luận logic ht E.g - She’s a really nice person You must meet her (= I say this is necessary) Cô người thật tốt Anh phải gặp cô (= tơi nói điều cần thiết) - I haven’t phoned Ann for ages I must phone her tonight Đã lâu không gọi điện thoại cho Ann Tôi phải gọi cho cô tối - You must be worried that she is so late coming home Chắc hẳn bạn phải lo lắng nhà trễ - The grass is wet It must be raining - You must be hungry You haven't eaten anything all day (Opposite: - You can't be hungry You've just eaten.) - Have to: phải => diễn tả bắt buộc khơng mang tính chất cá nhân, thường nói quy định, luật lệ, hồn cảnh khách quan Have to trợ động từ có nghĩa giống trợ động từ Must E.g - You can’t turn right here You have to turn left (because of the traffic system) Anh rẽ phải Anh phải rẽ trái (do luật giao thông) - My eye sight isn’t very good I have to wear glasses for reading Thị lực không tốt Tơi phải đeo kính để đọc sách (do hoàn cảnh thực tế) - George can’t come out with us this evening He has to work George với tối Anh phải làm việc - Mustn’t don’t have to hoàn toàn khác + Mustn’t St: không (phép) làm E.g - You must keep it a secret You mustn’t tell anyone (=don’t tell anyone) Bạn phải giữ điều bí mật Bạn khơng nói với + Don’t have to St: không cần thiết phải làm điều (nhưng làm bạn muốn) E.g - You can tell me if you want but you don’t have to tell me (= you don’t need to tell me) Bạn kể với bạn muốn bạn không bắt buộc phải nói với tơi (= bạn khơng cần phải nói với tôi) I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early Sáng mai tơi khơng làm việc, dậy sớm Need (cần) - Need: sử dụng động từ thường + Need to St: chủ ngữ vật thể sống => cần phải … E.g - He will need to drive home alone tonight - John needs to paint his house + Need doing St/ Need to be done: chủ ngữ vật thể sống (= Want/Require + V.ing => dùng) E.g - The grass needs cutting (= The grass needs to be cut.) - The television needs repairing (The television needs to be repaired.) - Your essays need rewriting (Your essays need to be rewritten.) - Need: sử dụng trợ động từ thể phủ định, nghi vấn thời (khơng có s ngơi số ít) E.g - We needn’t reserve seats – There will be plenty of rooms - Needn’t hình thức phủ định Must (vì Mustn’t có nghĩa khơng phép) E.g You needn’t apply for a visa to visit France if you hold a EU passport, but if you are not an EU citizen, you mustn’t unless you have a visa Can: Có thể => khả người, gợi ý, … Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU E.g - I can swim - Can I help you? Could: Có thể => khả người khứ, hỏi đường, yêu cầu lịch … E.g - When I was young, I could swim very well - Could you tell me the way to the nearest post office, please? - Could you close the windows, please? May: Có thể => khả việc, xin phép, cho phép, … E.g - May I go out? - China may become a major economic power (TQ trở thành cường quốc kinh tế.) Might: Có thể => khả việc, … E.g - We had better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now Should/Ought to/ Had better/ Be(ht) supposed to: nên => khuyên bảo … E.g - I think we should check everything again * Should: should cịn dùng để diễn tả điều không mong đợi E.g - The price on this packet is wrong It says 65 cents but It should be 50 (giá ghi gói hàng khơng Nó ghi 65 xu 50 xu thôi) - The train should be here now (Đáng lẽ tàu phải đến rồi.) * If… should: mà … => chắn E.g - If you should see Tom this evening, can you tell him to phone me? (Nếu tối gặp bạn Tom, bạn bảo gọi điện thoại cho không?) Câu tương tự câu “If you see Tom “(Nếu bạn gặp Tom) (khơng có should) Với should người nói chắn (less certain) hơn: - If it should rain, can you bring in the washing from the garden? (Nếu trời mưa, đem đồ phơi vườn vào nhé?) May as well/Might as well: Thơi …; => diễn tả việc nên làm khơng cịn khác tốt E.g - You’ll have to wait an hour for the next bus, so you might as well walk (Bạn phải đợi tiếng có chuyến xe bt kế tiếp, thơi bạn cho rồi) - We may as well go to the party We’re nothing else to (Thơi dự tiệc Chúng ta khơng cịn việc khác để làm cả) - ‘’Shall we have dinner now?’’ ‘’We might as well’’ (Chúng ta ăn tối chứ? ‘’Cũng thôi’’) Would like: muốn => diễn tả lời mời mong muốn E.g - Would you like to dance with me? - I would like to visit Thailand II Modal Verbs in the Past Must have + V(p2): chắn đã, đã, chắn phải => suy luận khứ mà người nói biết chắn 100% E.g - It must have rained heavily last night Everything is wet - Hoa should have arrived by now, she must have missed the bus - Jane did very well on the exam She must have studied hard - I didn’t hear you knock, I must have been gardening behind the house Should(n’t)/Ought(n’t) to + have + V(p2): Lẽ (không) nên => Diễn tả điều nên làm qk không làm => thường thể núi tiếc, ân hận người nói E.g - He failed his exams He should have studied harder - You oughtn’t have bought a second-hand car It cost you a lot of money to have it repaired Can’t + have + V(p2): Chắc chắn … => Diễn tả điều khơng thể xảy người nói biết chắn E.g - It can’t have been John you saw yesterday He came to Paris last week Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU Couldn’t + have + V(p2): Lẽ có/khơng thể … => Diễn tả khả việc khứ khơng thực được, việc xảy qk người nói khơng chắn E.g - David could have won the race if he had tried (Lẽ David thắng …) - It could have been Sue, I suppose (Đó Sue, tơi nghĩ => khơng chắn) - Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You could have stayed with Barbara (= you had the opportunity to stay with her but you didn't) (Tại bạn lại khách sạn bạn đến New York? Bạn với Barbara mà (=bạn có hội với cô bạn không thực hiện) - Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he’s all right He’s lucky - he could have hurt himself badly (but he didn't hurt himself) (Ngày hôm qua Jack ngã xuống từ thang anh khơng Anh thật may mắn - anh lẽ bị thương nặng (nhưng anh không bị thương hết) - The situation was bad but it could have been worse Tình hình xấu tồi tệ nhiều - The cause of death could have been bacteria May/Might + have + V(p2): Có thể … => Diễn tả khả việc khứ không chắn E.g - It may have rained last night, but I’m not sure - I didn’t hear the telephone ring, I might heave been sleeping at that time (compare past continuous) - Ben might have gone to the movies yesterday Needn’t + have + V(p2): lẽ khơng cần … => Diễn tả điều khơng cần phải làm khứ làm khơng biết trước Bây biết điều không cần thiết E.g - It didn’t rain He needn’t have brought the umbrella (He brought it He didn’t know whether it rained or not.) * Needn’t have done St (lẽ khơng cần phải: khơng biết trước nên thực hiện) and Didn’t need to St (không cần thiết phải: biết trước việc từ đầu không thực hiện…) E.g - I didn’t get up early, so I didn’t PRACITCE ON MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT I advise you to put your money in the bank => You’d … Excuse me! I’d like some information about the English summer course, please => Could you … John offered to carry Jane’s case for her => “Would you like ….” The motor in this machine needs cleaning once a week (has) => The motor in this machine …………………… once a week I’d like to invite you to luch => Will you ………………………………………………………………….? It’s possible Louise is waiting for us at the airport => Louise may … It is not necessary for anyone to know who paid the ransom to the kidnappers => No one need … It may be necessary for us to cancel our holiday because my mother is ill => We may … He is very likely to come (probability) => … 10 It’d be a good idea for you to come with us next Sunday ought => Next Sunday ……………………………………… with us 11 Photography is not allowed in the museums photographs => You ………………………… in the museum 12 There’s no need for you to any work if you don’t feel like it have => If you don’t feel like it …………………………… any work 13 It isn’t always necessary to be a member of the club need => You …………………… be a member of the club Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU 14 She was not certain about the trip decide => She …………………………………… about the trip 15 A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their game of tennis => They were … 16 He couldn't swim until he was in his twenties ABLE => He until he was in his twenties 17 Perhaps he’s working late may => He ……may be working… late 18 Mother told Tom that he had to go to bed early must => ‘You to ……… ……bed early,’ Mother told Tom 19 They will expect you to wear a suit for the interview HAVE => You a suit for the interview 20 I'd see a doctor if I were you OUGHT => You ………………… a doctor 21 Could you speak English when you were younger? ABLE => When you were younger, ………………………………………………… speak English? 22 I think it’s time the children went to bed now HAD => I think the children ………………………………………………… to bed now 23 I am sure Maria finds reading interesting because she has lots of books MUST => Maria ……………………………………………………… reading because she has lots of books 24.Do you happen to know the time of the next train to London? COULD => I wonder ……………………………………………… me the time of the next train to London? 25 I think Roman needs to see a doctor His cough is terrible ought => With that terrible cough, Roman …………………………………… a doctor 26."Why don't you take a day off?" asked Magda should => Magda suggested ……………………… a day off 27 George knew how to ride a bicycle when he was five => George was … 28 I wanted to go to the party, but it was snowing hard => I couldn’t … (Note: If it hadn’t been snowing hard, I could have gone to the party.) 29 If I were you, I wouldn’t tell anybody about the discovery => You had … 30 Jerry had terrible problems with solving the riddle (hardly) => Jerry could … 31 Isn’t it high time you greased the hinges? (need) => … 32 You should take an umbrella with you BETTER => You an umbrella with you 33 It’s forbidden to take pictures (not) => You _ pictures 34 It isn’t necessary to feed the cats I’ve already fed them (have) => You the cats 35 It’s prohibited to take pets into the museum (not) => You into the museum 36 It isn’t necessary to change the sheets I’ll it tomorrow (need) => You _ the sheets 37 Students aren’t allowed to leave the dormitory after 11 p.m (not) => Students after 11 p.m 38 Kindergarden students needn’t wear school uniforms (have) => Kindergarden students school uniforms PRACTICE ON MODAL VERBS IN THE PAST I’m sure it was Tom who cleared everything up => Tom must … I’m sure he didn’t know that his brother was seriously ill => He couldn’t possibly … It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night => You should not … Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU I’m sure she didn’t it on purpose => She can’t … Diane was supposed to write to her parents last week (ought) => Diane ………………………………………………………… Maybe Mathew forgot all about it => Mathew might … I had the chance to a parachute jump, but I was too scared => I could … I’m absolutely sure that they weren’t playing in this weather => They can’t … It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble on my behalf (BTTA 12 – P.157) => You needn’t … 10 Jean’s boss was extremely kind to her => Jean’s boss couldn’t … 11 Our worrying so much was a waste of time => We needn’t … 12 It is just not possible for the cat to have opened the fridge! => The cat … 13 It would have been possible for Helen to give us a lift => Helen … 14 School uniform wasn’t compulsory at my school => We … 15 His efforts to find a solution didn’t deserve such savage criticism => He shouldn’t … 16 Perhaps I didn't get a better job because I didn't study hard enough => I might 17 Martin needn’t have paid for all our tickets (BD HSG TA 11 – P.156) => It … 18 It’s impossible for them to have found him in that jungle => He … 19 It was wrong of you to scare your mother like that => You oughtn’t … 20 I’m afraid there may be something missing from your report (OVERLOOKED) => … 21 I think it was a mistake to lend your car to Joe (SHOULD) => I don’t think ……………………………………… your car to Joe 22 It was impossible to predict all the problems that we faced when we built our own house (PREDICTED) => Nobody could …………………………………………… face so many problems when we built our own house 23 You couldn’t have seen Mary in the park => It … 24 He must have spent a small fortune renovating that told house => It must 25 It’s possible that the building was burgled after midnight may => The building ……………………………… after midnight 26 It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday needn’t => You ………………………………………………… me at the airport yesterday 27 It was unkind of you to talk to her like that not => You ………………………………… … to her like that 28 Perhaps he hasn’t received the doctor’s results yet may => He ……………………… the doctor’s results yet 29 It is likely that they have already left may => They …………………………………………… left 30 I’m sure he took the cheque-book with him must => He ………………………… the cheque-book with him 31 It’s possible that she didn’t understand what I had said might => She ……………………………………………………… what I had said 32 She is certain to have heard about it on the news must => She _ about it on the news 33 You can’t vote unless you are over eighteen must => You …………………………………………… to vote 34 I doubt very much that you saw Carla at the party as she’s in Scotland at the moment can’t => You Carla at the party as she’s in Scotland at the moment Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU 35 It was wrong of you to steal those apples from Mrs Brown’s garden should => You those apples from Mrs Brown’s garden 36 The thief ran right past you so I’m sure you saw his face must => The thief ran right past you so …………………………………………………… his face 37 It’s possible that they didn’t get the message in time might => They the message in time 38 I went to the office then remembered it was my day off HAVE => I to the office as it was my day off 39 Perhaps we missed the correct turning MIGHT => We the correct turning 40 We got a table at the restaurant without a reservation NEED => We book a table at the restaurant 41 You were expected to answer all the questions on the exam paper ANSWERED => You all the questions on the examination paper 42 I'm sure it was Ana I saw in town as I recognised her coat MUST => It Ana I saw in town as I recognised her coat 43 I positively know they haven't accepted the raise => They can't _ 44 Maybe John has not remembered about tonight’s party COULD => I suppose John …………………………………………… about tonight’s party 45 We booked seats but it was not necessary because there was plenty of room BOOKED => We …………………………………………………… seats because there was plenty of room 46 Marcin didn't come to the meeting yesterday Perhaps he was ill might => Marcin …………………………………… yesterday 47 I took a jumper but it wasn't necessary taken => I ………………………………………………… a jumper 48 I'm sure he was at home last night must => He……………………………………………………… at home last night 49 Maurice didn't come to the meeting yesterday Perhaps he was ill might => Maurice …………………………………………… yesterday 50.I took a sweater but it wasn't necessary taken => I ……………………………………………… a sweater 51 I expect you were very angry must => You ………………………………… very angry 52 I'm sure Carol was at the party last night must => Carol at the party last night 53 It wasn’t Tom that you saw in the department store, for sure => It couldn’t … 54 I’m sure he recognized us at the airport => He must … 55 I’m sure it wasn’t Barney who broke the mirror as he was outside all the time => It couldn’t … 56 It’s possible that they haven’t been notified of the changes in the timetable => They might 57 Why did you worry so much? I told you I was safe with Carol => You needn’t … 58 It’s a shame you didn’t keep your promise to Helen => You ought … 59 Muriel may have forgotten about the evening classes => It is … Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU ANSWER KEY PRACITCE ON MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT I advise you to put your money in the bank => You’d … (DH QG TP.HCM – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.238) Excuse me! I’d like some information about the English summer course, please => Could you … (Could you tell me some information about the English summer course, please?) (DH Vinh – 2001-2002, P.91) John offered to carry Jane’s case for her => “Would you like ….” (“Would you like me to carry your case, Jane” John said to Jane.) (CDSP Dong Thap – 2001-2002, P.242) The motor in this machine needs cleaning once a week (has) => The motor in this machine …………………… once a week (has to be cleaned) (BTTH TA10 – P130) I’d like to invite you to luch => Will you ………………………………………………………………….? (come to lunch with me?) (BTTH TA 10 – P.56) It’s possible Louise is waiting for us at the airport => Louise may … (be waiting for us at the airport.) (BTTA 12 – P.157) It is not necessary for anyone to know who paid the ransom to the kidnappers => No one need … (know who paid the ransom to the kidnappers.) (BTTA 12 – P.157) It may be necessary for us to cancel our holiday because my mother is ill => We may … Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU (have to cancel our holiday because my mother is ill.) (it’s necessary => have to, it may be necessary => may have to) (BTTA 12 – P.157) He is very likely to come (probability) => … (In all probability he will come.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.68) (rất đến) 10 It’d be a good idea for you to come with us next Sunday ought => Next Sunday ……………………………………… with us (Next Sunday … you ought to come … with us.) 11 Photography is not allowed in the museums photographs => You ………………………… in the museum (You … mustn’t take photographs … in the museum.) 12 There’s no need for you to any work if you don’t feel like it have => If you don’t feel like it …………………………… any work (If you don’t feel like it … you don’t have to … any work.) 13 It isn’t always necessary to be a member of the club need => You …………………… be a member of the club (You … don’t always need to … be a member of the club.) 14 She was not certain about the trip decide => She …………………………………… about the trip (She ……could not decide… about the trip.) 15 A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their game of tennis => They were … (unable to finish their game of tennis because of a heavy shower./ acceptable answer: … prevented from finishing their game of tennis because of a heavy shower.) (BTTA 12 – P.157) 16 He couldn't swim until he was in his twenties ABLE => He until he was in his twenties (wasn't able to swim/ was not able to swim) 17 Perhaps he’s working late may => He ……may be working… late (He ……may be working… late.) 18 Mother told Tom that he had to go to bed early must => ‘You to ……… ……bed early,’ Mother told Tom (‘You to …must go……bed early,’ Mother told Tom.) 19 They will expect you to wear a suit for the interview HAVE => You a suit for the interview ('ll have to wear/will have to wear) 20 I'd see a doctor if I were you OUGHT => You ………………… a doctor (ought to see) 21 Could you speak English when you were younger? ABLE => When you were younger, ………………………………………………… speak English? (were you able to) 22 I think it’s time the children went to bed now HAD => I think the children ………………………………………………… to bed now (had better go) 23 I am sure Maria finds reading interesting because she has lots of books MUST => Maria ……………………………………………………… reading because she has lots of books (must be interested in/must have an interest in) 24.Do you happen to know the time of the next train to London? COULD => I wonder ……………………………………………… me the time of the next train to London? (if you could tell) 25 I think Roman needs to see a doctor His cough is terrible ought => With that terrible cough, Roman …………………………………… a doctor (With that terrible cough, Roman ought to see a doctor.) 26."Why don't you take a day off?" asked Magda should => Magda suggested ……………………… a day off Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU (Magda suggested I should take a day off.) 27 George knew how to ride a bicycle when he was five => George was … (able to ride a bicycle when he was five = George could ride a bicycle when he was five.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) 28 I wanted to go to the party, but it was snowing hard => I couldn’t … (go to the party because it was snowing hard.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) (Note: If it hadn’t been snowing hard, I could have gone to the party.) 29 If I were you, I wouldn’t tell anybody about the discovery => You had … (You had better not tell anybody about the discovery.) 30 Jerry had terrible problems with solving the riddle (hardly) => Jerry could … (Jerry could hardly solve the riddle.) 31 Isn’t it high time you greased the hinges? (need) => … (Don’t the hinges need greasing/ to be greased?) 32 You should take an umbrella with you BETTER => You an umbrella with you (had better take/ 'd better take) 33 It’s forbidden to take pictures (not) => You _ pictures (must not take) 34 It isn’t necessary to feed the cats I’ve already fed them (have) => You the cats (don’t have to feed) 35 It’s prohibited to take pets into the museum (not) => You into the museum (must not take pets) 36 It isn’t necessary to change the sheets I’ll it tomorrow (need) => You _ the sheets (don’t need to change) 37 Students aren’t allowed to leave the dormitory after 11 p.m (not) => Students after 11 p.m (mustn’t/can not leave the dormitory) 38 Kindergarden students needn’t wear school uniforms (have) => Kindergarden students school uniforms (don’t have to wear) PRACTICE ON MODAL VERBS IN THE PAST I’m sure it was Tom who cleared everything up => Tom must … (DH NN Ha Noi – Khoi D – chuyen ban 97-98, P.186) I’m sure he didn’t know that his brother was seriously ill => He couldn’t possibly … (He couldn’t possibly have known that his brother was seriously ill.) (Hoc Vien QHQT – Khoi D 97-98, P.294) It was careless of you to leave the windows open last night => You should not … (You should not have left the windows open last night.) (CDSP Ha Noi – P.330) I’m sure she didn’t it on purpose => She can’t … (She can’t have done it on purpose.) (DH An Giang – 97-98, P.10) Diane was supposed to write to her parents last week (ought) => Diane ………………………………………………………… (ought to have written) to her parents last week (BTTH TA 10 – P.104) Maybe Mathew forgot all about it => Mathew might … (have forgotten all about it.) (BTTA 12 – P.157) I had the chance to a parachute jump, but I was too scared => I could … (have done a parachute jump, but I was too scared.) (BTTA 12 – P.157) Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU I’m absolutely sure that they weren’t playing in this weather => They can’t … (have (possibly) have been playing in this weather.) (BTTA 12 – P.157) It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble on my behalf (BTTA 12 – P.157) => You needn’t … (have gone to so much trouble on my behalf.) 10 Jean’s boss was extremely kind to her => Jean’s boss couldn’t … (have been kinder.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) 11 Our worrying so much was a waste of time => We needn’t … (have worried so much.- We didn’t need to worry so much) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) 12 It is just not possible for the cat to have opened the fridge! => The cat … (can’t have opened the fridge.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) 13 It would have been possible for Helen to give us a lift => Helen … (might have given us a lift.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) 14 School uniform wasn’t compulsory at my school => We … (didn’t have/need to wear uniform at my school.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.21) 15 His efforts to find a solution didn’t deserve such savage criticism => He shouldn’t … (have been so savagely criticized for his efforts to find a solution => style + modal verb + passive voice) (Nỗ lực tìm kiếm giải pháp khơng đáng bị phê bình gay gắt vậy.) (BD HSG TA 11 – P.68) 16 Perhaps I didn't get a better job because I didn't study hard enough => I might (have got a better job if I had studied hard enough) (De TSDH 2002) 17 Martin needn’t have paid for all our tickets (BD HSG TA 11 – P.156) => It … (wasn’t necessary for Martin to pay for all our tickets) (Compare: It isn’t necessary for you to that => You needn’t do/ don’t need to do/don’t have to that.) 18 It’s impossible for them to have found him in that jungle => He … (can’t have been found in that jungle/ is impossible to have been found in that jungle.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.72) 19 It was wrong of you to scare your mother like that => You oughtn’t … (to have scared your mother like that (BD HSG TA 12 – P.98) 20 I’m afraid there may be something missing from your report (OVERLOOKED) => … (I’m afraid you may have overlooked something from your report.) (BD HSG TA 12 – P.139) - Missing (a): sót lại, thiếu - Overlook St: Bỏ sót thứ 21 I think it was a mistake to lend your car to Joe (SHOULD) => I don’t think ……………………………………… your car to Joe (I don’t think you should have lent your car to Joe (CAE-3) - Lend Sb St  Lend St to Sb: cho mượn, vay … 22 It was impossible to predict all the problems that we faced when we built our own house (PREDICTED) => Nobody could …………………………………………… face so many problems when we built our own house (Nobody could have predicted we would/were going to face so many problems when we built our own house.) (Có lẽ khơng có đốn trước gặp phải nhiều vấn đề xây nhà mình) (CAE - 4) 23 You couldn’t have seen Mary in the park => It … (It couldn’t have been Mary (who/whom/that) you saw in the park.) 24 He must have spent a small fortune renovating that told house => It must 10 Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU (It must have cost him a small fortune to renovate that old house.) 25 It’s possible that the building was burgled after midnight may => The building ……………………………… after midnight (The building … may have been burgled … after midnight.) 26 It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday needn’t => You ………………………………………………… me at the airport yesterday (You ……needn’t have met… me at the airport yesterday.) 27 It was unkind of you to talk to her like that not => You ………………………………… … to her like that (You …should not have talked… to her like that.) 28 Perhaps he hasn’t received the doctor’s results yet may => He ……………………… the doctor’s results yet (He may not have received the doctor’s results yet.) 29 It is likely that they have already left may => They …………………………………………… left (They ……may have already left.) 30 I’m sure he took the cheque-book with him must => He ………………………… the cheque-book with him (He …must have taken the cheque-book with him.) 31 It’s possible that she didn’t understand what I had said might => She ……………………………………………………… what I had said (She …… might not have understood…… what I had said.) 32 She is certain to have heard about it on the news must => She _ about it on the news (She must have heard about it on the news.) 33 You can’t vote unless you are over eighteen must => You …………………………………………… to vote (You …… must be over eighteen …… to vote.) 34 I doubt very much that you saw Carla at the party as she’s in Scotland at the moment can’t => You Carla at the party as she’s in Scotland at the moment (You cannot have seen _ Carla at the party as she’s in Scotland at the moment.) 35 It was wrong of you to steal those apples from Mrs Brown’s garden should => You those apples from Mrs Brown’s garden (You _ should not have stolen those apples from Mrs Brown’s garden.) 36 The thief ran right past you so I’m sure you saw his face must => The thief ran right past you so …………………………………………………… his face (The thief ran right past you so ……you must | have seen…… his face.) 37 It’s possible that they didn’t get the message in time might => They the message in time (They _might not have got the message in time.) 38 I went to the office then remembered it was my day off HAVE => I to the office as it was my day off (need not have gone/ needn't have gone) 39 Perhaps we missed the correct turning MIGHT => We the correct turning (might have missed/might've missed) 40 We got a table at the restaurant without a reservation NEED => We book a table at the restaurant (did not need to/didn't need to) 41 You were expected to answer all the questions on the exam paper ANSWERED => You all the questions on the examination paper (should have answered/should've answered) 42 I'm sure it was Ana I saw in town as I recognised her coat MUST => It Ana I saw in town as I recognised her coat (must have been) 43 I positively know they haven't accepted the raise 11 Các chuyên đề NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN SÂU => They can't _ (They can’t have accepted the raise.) 44 Maybe John has not remembered about tonight’s party COULD => I suppose John …………………………………………… about tonight’s party (could have forgotten) 45 We booked seats but it was not necessary because there was plenty of room BOOKED => We …………………………………………………… seats because there was plenty of room (needn’t/need not have booked) 46 Marcin didn't come to the meeting yesterday Perhaps he was ill might => Marcin …………………………………… yesterday (Marcin might have been ill yesterday.) 47 I took a jumper but it wasn't necessary taken => I ………………………………………………… a jumper (I needn’t have taken a jumper.) 48 I'm sure he was at home last night must => He must have been at home last night 49 Maurice didn't come to the meeting yesterday Perhaps he was ill might => Maurice …………………………………………… yesterday (Maurice might have been ill yesterday.) 50.I took a sweater but it wasn't necessary taken => I ……………………………………………… a sweater (I needn’t have taken a sweater.) 51 I expect you were very angry must => You ………………………………… very angry (must have been) 52 I'm sure Carol was at the party last night must => Carol at the party last night (Carol must have been at the party last night.) 53 It wasn’t Tom that you saw in the department store, for sure => It couldn’t … (It couldn’t have been Tom that you saw in the department store, for sure.) 54 I’m sure he recognized us at the airport => He must … (He must have recognized us at the airport.) 55 I’m sure it wasn’t Barney who broke the mirror as he was outside all the time => It couldn’t … (It couldn’t have been Barney who broke the mirror as he was outside all the time.) 56 It’s possible that they haven’t been notified of the changes in the timetable => They might (They might not have been notified of the changes in the timetable.) 57 Why did you worry so much? I told you I was safe with Carol => You needn’t … (You needn’t have worried so much I told you I was safe with Carol.) 58 It’s a shame you didn’t keep your promise to Helen => You ought … (You ought to have kept your promise to Helen.) 59 Muriel may have forgotten about the evening classes => It is … (It is possible/ probable/ likely that Muriel forgot/ has forgotten about the evening classes.) 12 ... finishing their game of tennis => They were … (unable to finish their game of tennis because of a heavy shower./ acceptable answer: … prevented from finishing their game of tennis because of a heavy shower.)... the message in time 38 I went to the office then remembered it was my day off HAVE => I to the office as it was my day off 39 Perhaps we missed the correct turning MIGHT =>... not have got the message in time.) 38 I went to the office then remembered it was my day off HAVE => I to the office as it was my day off (need not have gone/ needn''t have gone) 39 Perhaps