BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG CÂU HỎI THI KẾT THÚC HỌC PHẦN TỪ VỰNG I Answer the question 1, What is morpheme and types of morphemes? A morpheme has its sound form and meaning but unlike a word, it is not independen.
CÂU HỎI THI KẾT THÚC HỌC PHẦN TỪ VỰNG I Answer the question 1, What is morpheme and types of morphemes? - A morpheme has its sound form and meaning but unlike a word, it is not independent and occurs in speech only as part of a word although a word may consist of one morpheme, is they coincide It’s the smallest meaningful language unit - There are types of morphemes: The roof morpheme: It is the primary element of the word and conveys its essential lexical meaning E.g: Teacher, unbelievable The affixational morpheme: Grammatical morphemes: create different forms of the same word it carries the grammatical meaning only E.g books, listened, faster Derivational morpheme: carries both lexical and grammatical meaning E.g unhappy, disillusion 2, What is a word and types of words? - Word is a dialectical unity of form and content, independent unit of language to form a sentence by itself E.g: book, go, eat… - There are types: - A simple word consists of a roof morpheme E.g: boy, girl, green… - A derived word consists of a roof and one or more derivation morpheme E.g : teacher, student, interested… - A compound word is one that has at least roofs, with or without derivational morphemes E.g: blackboard, ladykiller, happy- go-lucky… 3, What is the difference between a word and a morpheme? Word Morpheme - A word is a separate meaningful unit, which - A morpheme is the smallest meaningful part can be used to form sentences of a word - a word can stand alone - a morpheme may or may not be able to stand alone - word has sound, spelling and meaning - maybe has meaning or not 4, What is word formation and ways of word formation ? - Word formation is the process of building new words from material already existing in the language according to certain structural and semantic patterns and formulae - Ways of word formation: - Affixation: Happy Unhappy Unhappiness, Book Bookish Bookishness - Compounding: hand-bag, store-keeper… - Shortening: Abbreviation: - Acronyms: + CNN: Cable News Network + HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Clipping: + (Tele)phone, (omni)bus, (motor)car - Blending: +brunch: breakfast + lunch, smog: smoke + fog Conversion: - traditional and occasional conversion +Traditional conversion: Eg Play, book +Occasional conversion: hello, dear - Partial conversion: have look/ talk/ smoke - Substantivation: native -> a native; native; the native - sound imitation: + words showing animals: crow, cuckoo + words showing movement of water: flush, splash + words showing actions made by man: giggle, chatter, murmur + words showing sounds made by animals: cackle, moo, roar - back derivation: to window- shop( from window- shopping), to edit( from edition) - sound and stress interchange: + sound interchange: food(n)-> feed(v), sing(v)-> song(n) + stress interchange: ‘export(n)-> ex’port(v), ‘perfect(a)-> per’fect(v) 5, What is affixation ? The difference between prefixation and suffixation? - Affixation is the formation of new words with the help of affixes: prefixes and suffixes Prefixes Suffixes - Prefixes are added to the front of the - Suffixes to the back the roof roof - Prefixes rarely change the part of speech - while suffixes usually change the part of the word of speech of the word 6, What is compounding and how are compound words classified ? - Compounding is the building of new word by joining two or more words Eg boyfriend, easy-going, dirt-cheap, door-handle, skyscraper, mother-in-law, aircraft-carriers According to the part of speech: + COMPOUND NOUNS: Answerphone, playboy, snowfall + COMPOUND ADJECTIVES: Dirt-cheap, paper-thin + COMPOUND VERBS: To whitewash, machine-wash + COMPOUND ADVERBS: Wholeheartedly, Self-confidently + COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS: Into, onto, upon According to the degree of motivation + MOTIVATED COMPOUNDS: store, goal-keeper + NON-MOTIVATED COMPOUNDS: Nightmare, lotus-eater 7, What is the difference between a compound and a free-word group ? Compouding Free word Phonetic criterion: 1) often has a nuclear stress on the 1st component Structural integrity (1) is stable criterion: (2) on the 2nd (2) is not Semantic integrity (1) expresses a single idea and its criterion: meaning may not be amere sum of the meaning of the components Eg: red tape, hot dog, lip-service, merry-go–round 8, What is shortening and types of shortening ? - Shortening is new words biult by living out part or some part of word - There are types of shortening: Abbreviation and blending + Abbreviation: - Acronyms: Words built from the initials of several words M.A: Master of Arts, Ph.D: Doctor of Philosophy, VOA: Voice of America + type of acronyms: monograms: are two or more letters combined in one design and homonymy- based acronyms: are based on the use of identical sounds of words and letter.E.g: I.O.U ( I love you) - Clipping: + Initial clipping: the 1st part of a word is clipped E.g: (Tele)phone, (omni)bus, (motor)car + final clipping: the last part of a word is clipped E.g: Ad(vertisement), advert(isement), Lab(oratory), + initio-final clipping: both the 1st and the last parts of a word are clipped E.g: Refrigerator → fridge, Influenza → flu + middle clipping: the middle part of a word is clipped E.g: Victory day → V-day, Nuclear bomb → N-bomb + phrasal clipping: a combination of ellipsis, conversion and clipping E.g: Popular music → Pop, Public house → Pub, 9, What is the difference between affixation and back-formation ? 10, State types of meaning of words ? • Lexical meaning is the individual meaning that each word has in the system of language It is the realization of things or concepts • Grammatical meaning is a kind of abstract meaning that unites words of different lexical meanings into groups that share certain grammatical features • book, river, boat: have different lexical meanings but they share the same grammatical meanings (singular, count, concrete, common nouns) 11, State stylistic classification of the English vocabulary ? - Standard words + Neutral words: Take up the majority of English vocabulary Used in all styles and spheres of human life Neither formal nor informal E.g.: we, man, children, tall, nicely, on + Colloquial words: Used in spoken language rather than in written language Informal, casual, lively, down-to-earth E.g.: fellow, kid, dad, bike, exam, air-con, to drop out, to booze, to kid, terrific, gosh + Bookish words: General bookish words, Scientific terms, Poetic and archaic words, Nonassimilated foreign words - Non-standard words + Slangs: there are types general and special + Vulgarisms: Vulgar words are “dirty” words used by few people They are not generally used in public: “dammed”: It’s dammed hot today! + Dialectal words: - Dialectal words belong to only a definite territory or locality “Loch (Scottish) = lake” 12, What is the difference between polysemy and homonymy? 13, What is metaphor ? Metaphor is the transference of names based on the association of similarity In other words, metaphor is hidden comparison Type of metaphor: + Living metaphor: when a word has unusual metaphorical sense or the metaphor is create and used by an individual: “ she lent wings to his imagination” + faded metaphor: is one that has lost its freshness due to long and traditional use: her voice is sweet + dead metaphor: is a metaphor which is no longer felt as a metaphor because the direct meaning of the word has been completely lost: to ponder originally meant to weight but now only means to meditate, to think carefully 14, What is metonymy ? Metonymy is the transference of names based on the association of contiguity The name of one thing is changed for that of another to which it is related Type of metonymy: + names of containers are used instead of things contained: he drank twenty glasses + names of parts of body are used as symbols: she has a good ear for music +proper names are used as common names: have you read Dickens? + names of materials are used instead of the things made of them: I’ve bought a new iron + concrete things are used instead of alstract things: the while house decided to spend more money on mic exploration + a separate part is used instead of a whole thing and vice versa: I used to live without a root over my head 15, What is idiomatic expression and its study ? Phraseology is the study of set expressions called phraseological units : (to be) as hungry as a hunter, good heavens, to kick the bucket Structural features The set expressions studied by phraseology may be completely or partially fixed.( They are either unchangeable or changeable expressions) a, lexical stability Eg : "to give sb the cold shoulder" means to treat sb coldly but "to give sb the warm shoulder" doesn't make sense + Semi-fixed expressions, possible "He stuck his ground", splicing "stuck to his guns" and "stood his ground” Semantic and stylistic features a, The meaning of non-motivated expressions is never a mere sun of the meaning of its components Eg : to pull sb’s leg to give sb the sack b, Phraseological units are reproduced in speech as ready-made units and can be raplaced by words in mane case : Eg : to kick the bucket = to die To contain different figures of speech such as metaphor, metonymy ,synonym ect Eg : - based on meraphor : "a dark horse" is a person about whom nothing is known, 16, What is the difference between idioms and proverbs/saying ? Idioms - Idioms are phrases which people use in everyday language which not make sense literally, but we understand what they mean e.g when pigs fly Proverbs - A proverb is a short saying expressing popular wisdom, a truth or moral lesson in concise and imaginary way e.g practice makes perfect 17, What does lexicology study? What are their branches? - Lexicology study: Lexicology studies systematically the vocabulary of a given language (the origin, development and present use) - branches of Lexicology - Word formation: structure of the word and the way it is formed - Semantics: lexical meaning of the word - Phraseology: set expressions - Etymology: the origin of words - Lexicography: dictionary compiling 18, What is slang? A type of language consisting of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people 19, What is a euphemism? Euphemisms are polite, mild phrases which substitute unpleasant ways of saying something sad or uncomfortable Euphemisms are often used in everyday speech to soften difficult situations Here are a few examples of euphemism: Example We have to let you go, Tyler To “let someone go” is to fire someone This is a euphemism that sounds much nicer than the harsh truth of the situation 20, What is a cliché? Give examples Cliché’s are quotations or saying which are so frequently used that they have become hackneyed and state Example: - As old as the hills: This describes someone very old III Fill in the blank with one suitable word: , spelling and structural 2, creating making 4, meanings 5, in forn of and back 6, the contained or proper sematic, derivational, synonymy- based, combinability IV True or False F- T- T- F- T- F- T- T- F- V Rewrite each of the sentences below, forming a compound adjective from the two words in italics and making any other changes necessary That thing looks dangerous That's a dangerous-looking thing Mr Reed is an accountant who was born in London Mr Reed is a London-born accountant She always dresses very smartly She is always very smartly-dressed It was painted red like the colour of bricks It was painted a brick-red colour She had eyes like a cat She had cat-like eyes It was an occasion which was happy and sad at the same time It was a happy-sad occasion The tower has a shape like a mushroom The tower is mushroom-shaped He was famous all over the world He was world-famous We had to write a composition of 200 words We had to write a 200-word composition 10 The meal tasted awful It was an awful-tasting meal 11 Only planes with a single engine can land here Only single-engine/single-engined planes can land here 12 A building of five storeys suddenly collapsed A five-storey building suddenly collapsed 13 We walked along a corridor which had a red carpet We walked along a red-carpeted corridor 14 This machine is operated by hand This machine is hand-operated 15 The new director is an economist educated at Oxford The new director is an Oxford-educated economist 16 He has very broad shoulders He is very broad-shouldered 17 She's always very satisfied with herself She's always very self-satisfied 18 My sister is very conscious of dress My sister is very dress-conscious 19 We'll have a guide who speaks French We'll have a French-speaking guide 20 The walls were as blue as the sky The walls were sky-blue 21 I looked at the sea, which was rather blue but also rather green I looked at the sea, which was blue- green 22 The ship sailed with a crew of eight men The ship sailed with an eight- man crew 23 She had fair hair She was fair- haired 24 The new machinery, built in America, will arrive next month The new, American- built, machinery will arrive next month 25 I heard a voice that sounded strange I heard a strange- sounding voice 26 These tigers eat men These are man- eating tigers 27 He always has a bad temper He is always bad- tempered 28 The experiment was done with balloons filled with gas The experiment was done with gas- filled balloons 29 My teenage son is mad about football My teenage son is football- mad 30 I'm afraid my wife spends very freely I’m afraid my wife is very free- spending 31 He certainly has good intentions He is certainly well- intentioned 32 They have very bad manners They are very bad manners 33 The firm has its base in New York The firm is New York- based 34 Those cars are a very high price These cars are very high priced 35 The noise split our ears! the noise are ear- splitting 36 I need a car with four doors I need a four door car VI Fill each space in the sentences below with the correct form of the word in bold print above it beauty (a) She is very beautiful (b) She's training to be a beautician (c) They're going to beautify the town with more trees and parks pay (a) To buy this car I made a monthly payment of $280 for two years (b) Please make your cheque payable to John Watson (c) The person a cheque is made out to is called the payee receive (a) She works as a receptionist at a hotel in Scotland (b)' Ask for a receipt when you buy something, in case you need to return it (c) I made several suggestions to improve production, but the management was not very receptive to my ideas hero (a) He received a medal for his heroism (b) They fought heroically in the war (c) She was described as a heroine produce (a) production of the new sports car has been halted by a strike (b) China is one of the world's leading producers of rice (c) I'm afraid the talks were totally unproductive We didn't reach agreement on anything explain (a) An explanatory leaflet is given to all purchasers of the machine (b) His disappearance is very strange, in fact quite inexplicable (c) I think you owe me an explanation for your behaviour compare (a) This is incomparably better than that In fact, there is really no comparison (b) Scientists have made comparative tests on the new drugs advise (a) Until the situation has settled down, it is inadvisable to travel to that country (b) The government set up an advisory body on 'he upc of drugs in sport (c) I doubt the advisability of drinking alcohol while undergoing that medical treatment admire a) She was a pleasant, attractive girl, always surrounded by admirers (h) I am full of admiration for what she has achieved (c) I approves of him wholeheartedly He is an admirable man 10 stable (a) To stabilise the boat in rough sea, we redistributed the weight (b) Between 1860 and 1900 the country had a number of revolutions and uprisings It was a time of great instability (c) The exchange rate is going up and down dramatically It's very unstable at the moment 11 economy (a) We're spending too much We must economice (b) This car uses a lot of petrol It's terribly uneconomical (c) The Chancellor (Minister of Finance) is responsible for economic affairs 12 reside (a) Buckingham Palace is the Queen's official residence in London (b) There's no industry or entertainment here It's a residential district (c) All residents of the neighbouring houses were warned of the gas leak 13 comfort (a) In that tense situation I found the good news very comforting (b) I felt rather uncomfortable, so I put a soft cushion behind me (c) She sat in terrible discomfort on the hard chair for over an hour 14 dead (a) The increasing number of deaths in traffic accidents is alarming (b) Be careful! That's a deadly poison! (c) The doctor gave him an injection to deaden the pain 15 demonstrate (a) The demonstrators marched through the streets chanting slogans (b) Grandfather rarely showed the affection he felt for his family He was a very undemonstrative person (c) What you say is demonstrably false Let me show you the facts 16 imitate (a) The bag is made of imitated leather (b) Small children are very imitatable in their behaviour They just copy what they see (c) His acting style is unimitated No one can copy him 17 argue (a) She had an argument with her husband last night (b) He's s very bad-tempered, argumentative chap He's always quarrelling (c) She is arguing the finest pianist in the world 18 repeat (a) He lost his temper and used disgusting, repeating language (b) In this essay you've said the same thing several times It's very repeatitive (c) I hope there will be no repeatition of this shocking behaviour 19 fail (a) She is very efficient and unfailingly polite to the customers (b) He considered himself a failure He had succeeded in nothing (c) It was difficult to see much in the failing light 20 courage (a) His friends tried to ………………… him from attempting the dangerous climb (b) She courageously stood in the way of the escaping robbers (c) His parents gave him a lot of incouragements in his studies 21 real (a) I think it's a bit realable to hope that world peace can be gained so easily (b) He spends all his time in romantic daydreams He's lost touch with reality (c) Ladies and gentlemen, I am a realism and I think we must face facts 22 false (a) She was accused of false the financial accounts (b) It is a falsehood to say he did it when you know he didn’t (c) The falseness of his argument was obvious to everyone 23 prophesy (a) I am not a prophest and I would not like to make a propheson whether the world can survive this age of nuclear weapons (b) What he wrote in 1930 was prophesytic Much of what he described has come true 24 describe (a) The damage caused by the earthquake cannot be imagined It was describable (b) The teacher asked them to write a disdescribetive passage about their home towns (c) The witness was able to give a full describetion of the wanted man 25 friend (a) The friendship between the two soon developed into love (b) In London she was befriended by a rich woman who looked after her and helped her (c) The desert is a dangerous, friendless place 26 sense (a) He felt a strange, painful sense in his back (b) Even the most sensitive person ought to appreciate the beauty of this music (c) What an idiotic, nonsense thing to do! 27 famous (a) The fame of the Beatles soon spread outside Britain (b) The day of the massacre will go down in history as a terrible, famous day It was a day of famousness 28 defend (a) I just want to ask you a few ordinary questions, so why don't you relax? Why are you so defendsive (b) The government's policy on arms is shocking It is quite defendable (c) We must all we can for the defend of this nation against possible attack 29 agree (a) What an unpleasant, disagree old woman she is! (b) We finally reached agreement on the matter at midnight (c) I liked the place I found the people, the weather and the food very agreeable 30 possess (a) In his will he left all his money and possession to his wife (b) She was a very possessive mother She gave her son very little freedom (c) The actor playing the main part should be the possesses of a very good voice, good looks and a very strong physique 31 different (a) I'm afraid I have to differentiate I don't agree with you at all (b) Politeness is one thing Real kindness is another You must learn to different between the two (c) We get along pretty well, although of course we have our differentes from time to tine 32 active (a) The firm maintained that the strike was organized by a group of political action (b) The fire-prevention system is actived by any small increase in temperature (c) It is quite safe to go near the volcano It has been actived for years 33 form (a) It is especially important for children to have love and affection in their formal years (b) The slight form in his left hand was corrected by surgery (c) The police are considering the formation of a new anti-drugs unit 34 compel (a) Military service is no longer compellable in Britain (b) Membership of the Students' Club is entirely voluntary There is no compellation whatsoever (c) All staff should attend the meeting Only the most compellable reasons for absence will be accepted 10 35 enthusiasm (a) They threw themselves enthusiasm into the new project (b) He's a real golf enthusiast He loves the game (cj They didn't really enthusiase over my idea In fact there was some opposition 36 create (a) lan Fleming, the creativity of James Bond, died in 1964 (b) Although she is very able technically, she isn't creative enough forthis kind of work (c) The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization took place in1949 37 necessary (a) We regret that the present economic difficulties will necessary a reduction in our work force (b) I sympathize with his point of view, but I don't always necessarily agree with him, (c) He lives very simply, with just the basic necessarycity of life, 38 destroy (a) The control centre is deep underground and completely destroyable except by a direct hit from a nuclear missile (b) War plans include the immediate destruct of all enemy military bases (c) His criticism of my work was entirely destroyable There was nothing useful or constructive in it at all 39 manage (a) Talks between workers and managers have broken down and a strike now seems unavoidable (b) The boy was very violent and his parents found him unmanageable (c) To improve his qualifications he's taking a course in management skills 40 believe (a) It was an incredible story, quite unbelievable (b) She is a person of very strong religious belief (c) His explanation was obviously false and the judge made no attempt to hide his believability 41 My sister is of rats TERRORISM 42, He's so nice It's a working for him PLEASANT 43, She's reading a paper DAYLY 44, I'd love to come to your party, but …… I'm very busy FORNUNATELY 45, What time you start work? USUALLY 46 It is becoming difficult to find a job nowadays INCREASINGLY 47, He is probably the most man among the graduates SUCCESSFUL 48 , Many people s till refuse to believe that smoking is HARMLESS 49 , It is very doubtful whether there will ever be tre between the sexes EQUALITY 50, There was a lot of in the new supermarket this morning ACTIVIES 11 51 , I think there won't be too much to pass the exams if you work hard DIFFICULTY 52 , The man was drowning But I stood and watched to help as I couldn't swim POWERLESSLY 53 , Some people claim to be able to the future FORETELL 54 , All matters concerning finance in his office are his because he is the boss RESPONSIBLITY 55, could never be a teacher I'm far too IMPATIENT 56 I would like to book a to Hong Kong FLIGHT 57 This knife is very blunt It needs SHARPEN 58 I don't want my money back I want a REPLACEMENT 59 I’m afraid this iron you sold me is FAULTLY 60 We have had a lot of from customers today COMPLAINIENTS 61 The cash and carry price is only $50 but they charge extra for DELIVERY 62 These shoes look smart but they're terribly UNCOMFORTABLE 63 Always read a label on a product , it can give you so me useful informtion 64 lt's a nice shop and the assistants are all polite and very helpful 65 When I have to wait for a long time to be served start to feel impatient patient 12