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PHAT TRIEN BOM VA, BOM THUY LUAN, THUY DIEN NHO PHUC VU CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA NONG THON MIEN NUI TS HOANG VAN THANG'''' Tdm tdt Nudc ta ed ngudn thiiy nang phong phu, neu dugc khai thde se gdp ph[.]
PHAT TRIEN BOM VA, BOM THUY LUAN, THUY DIEN NHO PHUC VU CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA NONG THON MIEN NUI TS HOANG VAN T H A N G ' Tdm tdt: Nudc ta ed ngudn thiiy nang phong phu, neu dugc khai thde se gdp phdn phat trien ben vOng khu vuc mien nOi, vung sau, vOng xa Nhung nam qua, ede co quan nghien euu da dat dugc mdt sd thdnh tich nghien cihi khoa hge, edng nghe, su dung hieu qua ngudn thiiy nang nhu: bam va, bam thiiy luan de cap nude cho sinh boat va sdn xuat, thuy dien cue nhd cho dien kbi hda ndng thdn va thiiy dien vira vd nhd cung cdp dien cho dien ludi qude gia Bdi viei trinh bay nhOng kei qud nghien cuu ve cde loai thiei bi bam va, bam thiiy luan, thuy dien cue nhd va kei qud nghien ciiu ve xay dung cdng trinh, che tao thie't bi cho thiiy dien vua va nhd Nhung van de tdn tai vd phuang hudng phat trien thdi gian tdi Mddau Nude ta cd mdt ngudn thuy nang phong phu: tru nang thuy dien vao khoang 80 ty kWb/nam, dd thuy dien vua va nhd chie'm khoang 20% Ngudn nang lugng phan bd kha deu d cac tinh mien nOi ea nudc, tap trung nhieu d vung sau, vung xa Khai thac ngudn thuy nang phuc vu eho bom nude, phdt dien la mdt the manh eiia mien nui, vira gdp phan phat trie'n kinh te, bao ve mdi trudng, vua gdp phdn ddy nhanh phdt trien mien nui vi nd thu hdt dugc kha nhieu ngudn vd'n ddu tu cua cac doanh nghiep vdo linh vuc ndy Chi tinh tu nam 20002004, da ed hon 100 du an dang ky ddu tu vdi kinh phi ban 2,5 ty USD vao thuy dien Nhd nudc va cac td chuc qud'c te cOng quan tam dau tu eho cde he thdng tram bam va, bam thuy luan, thuy dien cue nhd, phuc vu eho xoa ddi, giam ngheo Khoa hgc va cdng nghe linh vuc nhOng nam gdn day da ed nhung bude phdt trien vugt bac Nhufng ket qua dat dugc 2.1 Linh vitc bom va, bam thuy ludn Bom va bom thuy luan la giai phap cdng nghe sir dung nang lugng nudc de bam nudc la cao, khdng su dung nang lugng nude de bam nudc len cao, khdng sii dung cac ngudn nang i, Vien Klioa l:oc Thuy lai ,88 lugng khdc nhu: ddu, xang dien Bom va, bom thuy luan rdt thieh hgp eho vOng sau noi khdng cd dien ludi, ea nhung vOng ed dien thi loai bom cOng dugc su dung vi gidm dang ke chi phi eho qudn ly van hanh Trudc day, phdn ldn thiei bi bom va, bam thuy luan nhap khdu tu nude ngoai, ehu yeu cho cac tram ed luu lugng ldn, edt nude thdp Nhung nam gdn day, mdt sd co quan da nghien cuu va san xuai cdc loai thiei bi Dac biet tu nam 1995 den nay, Vien Khoa hgc Thuy lgi da nghien cuu mdt each he thdng, ddng bd 15 loai bom va, bom thuy luan, ed the dap ung phdn ldn nhu cdu sir dung d nudc ta tu eae td may cue nhd cho hd gia dinh, den cdc td may ldn, cd the cap nude eho hang tram hecta: mdt sd nghien cuu, thiei ke ed nhOng uu diem so vdi thiei bi nhap nhu cac loai bom thuy luan budng kin edt ap cao, bom va BIL cd ben dugc nang cao ban nhieu so vdi ede loai trudc day Mot sd loai bam dugc gidi thieu tren cac hinh 1, 2, 3, Hinh L Bom va cd nhd BV 2000 Hinh Bom va BHIL 840 Hinh Bom thuy luan budng kin cdt ap cao Hinh Bom thuy luiin cap 189 Kei qua nghien cuu da duge sir dung de thay the thiei bi vd xay dung mdi cho gdn 30 tram bam va bom thuy luan toan qude Vien Khoa hge Thuy lgi eung da td chuc tren 20 ldp tap hudn nudc vd qud'c te de phd bien edng nghe bam va, bam thuy luan 2.2 Cong nghe thuy dien cue nhd (Quy md N100kW cd the ndi vao ludi dien qud'c gia, la ngudn nang lugng duge phat trien tren co sd thuong mai, dang thu hOt dugc sir chO y ciia cac nha ddu tu va ngodi nude TO nam 2000 den nay, da cd tren 100 du an dugc dang ky dau tu (trong dd cd mdt sd du an da duge thue hien) vdi tdng cdng suai gan 2.000MW Phat trien thuy dien vira va nhd la khai day mdt tiem nang to ldn cua mien nui, gdp phdn cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod mien nui, vung sau, vOng xa la gdp phdn bao ve mdi trudng Ndm bdt dugc hudng phat trien cua thuy dien vua va nhd, Vien Khoa hgc Thuy lgi da day manh nghien cuu khoa hgc - cdng nghe d ca linh vuc: tu van xay dung cdng trinh va nghien cuu, thiei ke, che tao thiei bi thuy dien, mdt sd kei qud dat duge la: 2.3.1 Tuvd'n xdy difng edng trinh thuy dien Cde don vi ngdnh da tham gia tu vdn khodng 60% cdc du dn thuy dien vOa va nhd cd cong sudt tir IMW-IOOMW pham vi ed nudc Da dp dung nhieu tien bd khoa hgc - edng nghe tu vdn thuy dien: - Nghien cuu vd ung dung cac cdng nghe mdi xay dung edng trinh ngan sdng nhu cac loai dap be tdng ddm lan, dap da dd be tdng ban mat, ede bien phap bdo ve mai, cdc cdng nghe xu ly nen mdng - Nang cao nang lugng da tu va'n cde hang muc edng trinh cd dieu kien ky thuat hei sue phirc tap nhu dap cao 130m (Cira Dat), tuyen hdm ddi > 8.000m (thuy dien Ngdi Phat, Hinh 10) tuye'n nang lugng edt dp cao nhai Viet Nam (thuy dien Seo Chong Hd - Lao Cai - 860m) - Day manh ung dung cac loai phdn mem tinh todn, thiei ke edng trinh r f ^-!•••- / /- y'^ ,.^- f^ .^/ —J Hinh 10 Du an thuy dien Ngdi Phat cd tuyen ham dai 8.000m, cdng suat 57MW 2.3.2 Thiet hi eho thuy dien vifa vd nhd Do nhu cdu phat trien eac tram thuy dien ed vua vd nhd mdi tang cao tu sau nam 2000, nen khoa hgc - edng nghe ve thiei bi thuy dien vua va nhd phdt trien tuang ddi cham Tuy nhien, Vien Khoa hge Thuy lgi da dat dugc mdt sd thdnh tuu: -I- Vien da xay dung phdng nghien cuu tua-bin thuy lire vd bude ddu nghien cuu, thi nghiem mdt sd loai tua-bin cho thuy dien vua va nhd -I- Hgp tdc theo Nghi dinh thu vdi Trung Qude nghien cuu, che tao va tieh hgp thiei bi ludng, dieu khie'n va dieu tdc cho eae tram thuy dien + Hgp tdc vdi eac hang nghien euu, che tao thiei bi thuy dien cua Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban, Due de tang cudng kha nang nghien euu, che tao thiet bi thuy dien Ket luan 3.1 Trong linh vuc bom va, bom thuy luan, nhung tdn tai chinh hien Id: du da dat dugc nhieu kei qua, nhung thiei bi bam va, bom thuy luan cdn chua dat ben nhu mong mudn Cac thiei bi cd chi phi vat lieu cao 3.2 Vdi linh vuc thuy dien cue nhd: thuy dien cho hd gia dinh, ed ehdt lugng tdt, nhung gia cdn kha cao sdn xudt don ebiee 3.3 Vdi thiei bi thuy dien vua va nhd cd the ndi rdng: nudc mdi bdt ddu tiep can nhieu khd khan phdt trie'n cdng nghe thuy dien vua va nhd Cdn thieu ca ddi ngO can bd CO sd nghien euu, thi nghiem va nOng lire gia edng, che tao 3.4 Phuong hudng phdt trien ' ii De cung cap cac thiei bi bom va, bom thuy luan, thuy dien vira vd nhd, phuc vu eho cong nghiep boa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep, ndng thdn mien nui vd phuc vu xuai khdu, ddi hdi cac thiet bi cua Viet Nam phai ed chai lugng dat va vugt cdc san phdm tuang duong ciia cde nu6c khu vuc va gia thdnh cd khd nang canh tranh Do vay, phuang hudng phat trie'n giai doan tdi nhu sau: 192 - Nang cao nang luc cua ddi ngO can bd linh vuc thiei bi ca thuy lire - dien tu va ddi ngu cdn bd nghien cOu, thiei ke, xay dung cdc cdng trinh thuy lgi, thuy dien - Tang cudng nang luc cde phdng thi nghiem may thuy lire nghien cuu tren md hinh toan, mo hinh vat ly - Lfng dung ede cdng nghe mdi: ung dung cdng nghe CAD - CAM- CNC gia edng, che tao thiei bi; ling dung edng nghe tu ddng hod de nang cao nang sudt, chai lugng thiei bi, v.v - Phdt trie'n va Ong dung rdng rai cac phdn mem tinh todn, thiei ke nang cao nang lire tu vdn xay dung cdng trinh thuy dien ed vua va ldn Nang lugng nude la mdt tdi nguyen nude hei sue quan trgng, dac biet bdi canh qud'c te hien Vdi dac thO Viet Nam, tdi nguyen ndy edn thu hOt duge rat nhieu ngudn lire de' phat trien: tu ddu tu nhd nudc, dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep va ngoai nudc, ddu tu cua tu nhan, tao nen mdt each lam mdi cho nganh thuy lgi nude ta Vdi su quan tam cua Dang, Nha nude, Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trie'n ndng thdn, Bd Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe, vdi ngudn ddng lire tu dac thO cua thuy dien, ehdc chdn se thue ddy khoa hge - edng nghe ve cde linh vuc tren phdt trien dat trinh tien tien khu vuc vao nam 2010 nhu chien luge phdt trien khoa hgc - cdng nghe ma Chinh phu de Gdp phan vao xoa ddi, gidm ngheo, tien tdi thue hien edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep va ndng thdn mien nui nudc ta Summary Vietnam has a sufficient hydraulic source which can contribute into sustainable development for mountainous and remote areas if it is reasonably explored During the past years, many achivements in science-technology have been gained to use effectively this hydraulic engery such as hydraulic ram pump, water turbine pump supplying water for domestic u.se and production, micro-hydro power for rural electrification as well as mini and small hydro power for supplying electricity for national grid In this brief report, resurch results on equipments of hydraulic ram pump, water turbine pump, micro hydro power as well as construction and manufacture of mini and small hydro power are presented Besides, shortcomings and development directions in the next future will be introduced to readers and auditors 193 ... nghien euu, che tao thiei bi thuy dien cua Trung Qud''c, Nhat Ban, Due de tang cudng kha nang nghien euu, che tao thiet bi thuy dien Ket luan 3.1 Trong linh vuc bom va, bom thuy luan, nhung tdn... nghien euu, thi nghiem va nOng lire gia edng, che tao 3.4 Phuong hudng phdt trien '' ii De cung cap cac thiei bi bom va, bom thuy luan, thuy dien vira vd nhd, phuc vu eho cong nghiep boa, hien dai... eho qudn ly van hanh Trudc day, phdn ldn thiei bi bom va, bam thuy luan nhap khdu tu nude ngoai, ehu yeu cho cac tram ed luu lugng ldn, edt nude thdp Nhung nam gdn day, mdt sd co quan da nghien