Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe bien TIO (2010) S6 1 Tr 37 49 CHE TAO THIET BI DANH GIA NHANH CHAT LUOfNG MOI TRirJifNG Nir6C BIEN VEN BOf NGUYEN THANH DLTC, NGUYEN MINH TRUC, LE T H A N H DUNG, VU TRON[.]
Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe bien TIO (2010) S6 Tr 37 - 49 CHE TAO THIET BI DANH GIA NHANH CHAT LUOfNG MOI TRirJifNG Nir6C BIEN VEN BOf NGUYEN THANH DLTC, NGUYEN MINH TRUC, LE T H A N H DUNG, VU TRONG HUNG Trirtmg Dai hoc Khoa hoc Ty nhien, Thanh Ho Chi Minh Tom tat: O nhiim moi truong da vd dang Id mot thuc trang bdo dong a Viet Nam Mot nhicng nguyen nhan la su han chi vi trang bi ky thuat giitp danh gid nhanh hien trang moi truong Kit qud danh gid moi truong tai cho se giup cdc nhd quan ly cUng nhu ngudi ddn CO nhiing dinh huang vd gidi phdp phu hap Dua trin muc tiiu ndy, nhom nghien cicu chung tdi da phdt triin thiet bi quang hdp thu cam tay vd bd hoa chdt de xac dinh nhanh chi tieu dinh duang mdi truong nuac Men gom nitrit (NO2), amoni (NH4 ) vd photphat (PO4 ~) Thu nghiem cho thay, mdy quang hdp thu cam tay vd bo thuoc thu dat gidi han phdt hiin Id 0,38 ppb NO2, 5,8 ppb NH/ vd 34 ppb PO/' Buac dau cua viic phdt triin, nhom nghiin cicu da thdnh cong viec chi tao thiit bi cdm tay vd bo hoa chdt Idm viic tot diiu kien cua Viet Nam, thuan tiin cho viic dat ngodi mdi truong, chdt luang dam bdo so sdnh vai bo kit nhap khdu, de ddng chi tao, gid thdnh thap, phu hap vai thi truong ciia Viet Nam nen cd thi cung cdp rong rdi cho cong dong I MO DAU Khoa hgc ky thuat cua The giai da phat trien manh me linh vuc cong nghe che tao cac thiet bi danh gia chat lugng moi truong tu nhien [1, 5] Nhu cau quan ly moi truong doi hoi phai nghien ciiu, thiet ke che tao cac thiet bi xac dinh nhanh, chuan muc chat lugng moi truong nham dam bao sire khoe cho nguai dan va hieu qua phat trien kinh te, dac biet la linh vuc nghe ca, nuoi thiiy hai san, du lich, nghi duang ven bien [1] Tuy nhien, thuc te ap dung cac chuan muc quan ly dac, phan tich, danh gia dinh lugng chat lugng moi truong bien a Viet Nam gap rat nhieu kho khan ban che ve kien thirc, ky thuat ciing nhu trang thiet bi cho cong dong Can cii vao nhu cau biic xuc ciia thuc te phat trien cac nganh kinh te, xa hoi ven bien, ciing nhu kha nang va dieu kien thuc tien ciia Viet Nam, chiing toi manh dan dat nhiem vu nghien ciiu, che tao mot thiet bi don gian, re tien nhung van dap ling dugc cac tieu chuan ky thuat, chuan xac boa hgc de xac dinh mot so chi tieu quan trgng frong moi truong nuac bien Truoc mat,vai sir khuyin khich va tai trg tai chinh ciia de tai cip Nha nuoc KC 09-07, tap thi tac gia da t in hanh nghien cim chi tao bg "kit " xac dinh nhanh, chinh xac anion NO2", NH4'', PC^^" 37 nuac biin Hien nay, cac cong ty hoa chit va thiit bi Ian tren Thi giai cung d i^ tao nhieu loai bg "kit" nham danh gia ban dinh lugng cac chit khac phuc vu ng cac nganh ve sinh, y te cong cong, moi truong Cac bg "kit" dang dugc ban rgr.g rai tai Viet Nam voi gia cao phai phu thuoc vao nguon boa chit phu trg nhap khau Muc dich ciia nhom tac gia la mong muon va chiing minh kha nang chi tao dat tieu chuan va chinh xac cho phep qua viec phan tich doi chieu va so sanh vai cac thiet bi tuong tu nhap khau cac bg "kit" tuong tu di kem thiet bi do hip thu quang nho ggn, tien dung cho nhieu muc tieu ciia thuc te va thuan tien cho viec dac ngoai thuc dia, gia thap, phii hgp voi thi truong ciia Viet Nam nen co the cung cap rgng rai cho cong dong Bai bao cong bo cac ket qua nghien ciiu, thiet ke va che tao thiet bi nhanh anion NO2', NH4*, P04^" nuoc bien va cac ket qua ling dung dac thuc te tai viing bien Viing Tau, Phan Thiet voi ket qua so sanh doi chiing tren cac thiet bi nhap khau ciia hang nhu SHIMADZU 10-UV; SECONMAN S570 Cac nguyen ly l^hoa hoc co* ban Cac nguyen ly khoa hgc co ban ciia viec thiet ke thiet bi nhanh anion NO2", N H / , P04^" da dugc giai thieu ky cong trinh [3] Nguyen nhan chinh san sinh NO2" tu nhien bat nguon tir dong thuc vat Protein ciia dong thuc vat bi phan buy bai nhieu loai vi sinh vat va dugc chuyen hoa cac acid amin tu do, sau la sir khir cac amin de giai phong NH4^ va NH3 CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O »• NH4 + NH3 + HCO3" Trong moi truong ton tai loai vi khuan nitrosomonas, co kha nang du trii nang lugng bang each oxit boa NH4"^ NO2': + NH4 -I- 1.50, Nitrosomonas + *• NO2" + H2O -I- 2H Mat khac vi khuan nitrosomonas c6 thi oxit hoa NH2OH NH3 va NO2" Nhieu hgp chat chiia nito hoa tan nuoc da dan toi su tang ning cac hgp chit nito nuac be mat Truoc het la ure, san pham ciia qua trinh ure hoa tu nhien va phan bon, sau la amoniac va muoi amoni tir phan bon, tir qua trinh thoi riia tii chu trinh dinh duang sinh hgc ciing nhu tir nuac thai sinh boat, nong nghiep va cong nghiep Nitrit la kit qua cua qua trinh thoai hoa cac hgp chit hiru co co chiia goc N chu trinh nitrogen Trong moi truong ki voi sir c6 mat ciia chit cho hydro hiiu co xay su khir di boa nitrat sang nitrit Trong da s6 truong hgp, nhiiu vi sinh vat khir nitrat nitrit hon la khu true tiep nitrit nito tu 38 Nitrit nuoc phin Ion sir chuyin hoa cac chit hiiu co duai tac dung ciia vi sinh vat Hien mot lugng vo ciing Ion phan bon nito dugc nguai sir dung de phat trien nong nghiep Chinh lugng phan bon da bo sung nhieu hgp chat chiia N duai dang NO3' tieu thu nhanh dat Day ciing la nguon sinh boi cac qua trinh sinh hgc Cac phan bon c6 tan rit Ion nuoc do de dang gay nhiem nguon nuoc ngam va nuoc b i mat Ham lugng nitrit cac dong song cang tang chiing to viec ton that nito tir phan bon tren dong rugng cang Ion Theo uoc tinh hang nam c6 khoang 30.000 tan nito dugc van chuyen bien duai dang nitrat va nitrit Trong nuoc song ham lugng nitrit rat thap, chi khoang 0.01 ppm, chi nuac song bj nhiem tnoi co the tang len 0.05 ppm Neu nhu nuoc chiia chii yeu Nito dang NO2' thi nuac da bi nhiem mot thai gian dai Amoniac xuat hien cac khu dam lay c6 chira nhieu chat miin muc, vi chat miin CO the lam cho goc NO3" bi khir NH*^ Ngoai ra, ion NH4"^ la phan chinh cua cac san pham cong nghiep nhu dam, thuoc da, Sir ton tai ciia NH3 la yeu to de danh gia miic nhiem ban ciia nuoc be mat, nuoc bien, nuoc ngam, a cac viing Ian can va cac khu cong nghiep Ion NH4"^ tuong doi khong on dinh, duai tac dung cua cac yeu to hoa hgc, vat ly va sinh hgc no chuyen boa cac hgp chat khac ciia N Amoni ton tai nuoc hai dang NH3 va NH4^, ty le NH3/NH4^ tiiy thuoc vao pH ciia nuoc (khi noi amoni la chi chung ca hai dang tren) Phospho ton tai nuac chii yeu duai dang phosphat, la ket qua ciia cac qua trinh phong hoa, bao mon dat da, hoac chinh tac dong cua ngudi Phosphat lai co the phan loai ba dang: Phospho hiru ca: La cac dan xuat hiiu co ciia acid phosphoric nhu DNA, RNA (cac vat chit di truyen), ATP (du trCr va cung cap nang lugng cho boat dong ciia te bao), hay cac phospholipid Trong moi truong nuac tu nhien, phospho hiiu co thuang nam pha lo lung, xac cac phieu sinh vat, xac dong thuc vat chua phan hiiy Tuy nhien, chiing se din dan bi cac vi sinh vat phan buy chuyen ve dang vo ca Polyphosphat: La dang tu hgp ciia orthophosphat thuang khong ben va de chuyen hoa cac phosphat don Polyphosphat tao dugc phiic voi nhiiu kim loai, co img dung rgng rai cac nganh cong nghiep chong an mon va xir ly nuoc 39 Orth oph osph at: La dang ben nhat ciia phospho tu nhien, dugc tao tir qua trinh hoa bao mon dat da Phospho dat da dan dan dugc phong thich duai dang ion phosphat vao moi truong nuoc Orthophosphat dat thuang bi cac hat keo giii chat, nho qua trinh trao doi ion xay tren be mat re, orthophosphat dugc cay hap thu lam thiic an Mot so loai tao sir dung orthophosphat lam thiic an, vay ham lugng phosphat nuoc be mat thuang khong cao Tuy nhien cac boat dong true tiep hoac gian tiep tir nguai, ham lugng orthophosphat co the cao bat thuong Nuoc thai sinh boat thuang chira lugng Ian cac chat tay rita co nguon goc tir polyphosphat, chat bi thiiy phan cac orthophosphat Cac hoat dong san xuat nong nghiep ciia nguai ciing thai vao moi truong cac loai phosphat qua phan bon, cac chat bi nuoc mua rira troi vao song ho va bien Thiet bi va phirong phap 2.1 Che tao thiet b| xac dinh Phosphat va Nitor, phien ban PNOl Ve CO ban, may quang hap thu, phien ban PNOl co cau tao ciing nhu boat dong tuong tu nhu cac may quang hap thu phan tir khac Tuy nhien, vai muc tieu de la che tao dugc may quang hap thu phan tir nho ggn, tien Igi di chuyen va boat dong on dinh, nen may PNOl co thiet ke, cau tao theo nguyen tac ciia may quang kenh May PNO1 ciing liic anh sang tu nguon qua kenh tham khao (reference) va kenh mau (sample), (hinh 1) Theo nguyen tac thi may PNO se c6 tinh in dinh cao Light Cuvet Source Holder Detector "^ Log-Amplifier Display Log(Re(erence/Sample)| Sample 123.4 S> f-^# Power Supply Battery ^L4,8V2100mAtl GNDl 12V I Max Power 3W Hinh 1: So mach nguyen tic hoat dong ciia may PNOl 40 May quang phi hip thu phan tii PNOl la loai may quang kenh Gom phan chinh (hinh 1): Nguin dien (Power supply): Cung cip dien ap on dinh de nuoi he thong Nguin sang PNOl (Light source): Cung cap biic xa don sac Hoc cuvet (Cuvet holder): chuyen dung cho cuvet cm Dau (detector): Chuyen doi tin hieu quang tin hieu dien Mach xir ly tin hieu (log-amplifier): Khuech dai tin hieu so cap, va chuyen doi tin hieu hap thu Bg hien so (display): hien thi gia tri hap thu Do yeu cau phai nho ggn, de dang di chuyen, nen nguon phat xa anh sang ciia may PNOl khong dung den phat rgng va bg dan sac nhu cac may quang hap thu thong thuang ma a day no dung mot LED phat quang phat hire xa anh sang co viing hep ling voi buoc song can De xac dinh nitrite (phiic mau azo tai buoc song 540 nm), dung den led phat anh sang mau xanh la cay (526 nm); xac dinh amoni (phiic mau indophenol tai buac song 635 nm), chiing toi dung den led phat biic xa mau (650 - 760 nm); voi phosphate (phiic di da phospho molybdate co hai miii hap thu tai 700 mn va 880 nm), de dat dugc nhay cao thi phai tai buac song 880 nm bang den led IR Tuy nhien ban che ve mat linh kien cua cong tac chuyen va dau do, nen a day chiing toi chgn sir dung den led phat anh sang mau chung voi den led de amoni Voi viec sir dung den led phat biic xa anh sang co vung hep tuong img can thiet giiip lam giam gia san pham, de dang thay the va sir dung Ngoai ra, den led la loai den co cong suat tieu thu nang lugng thap (0,15- 0,4W), he so phan hoi cao, nhanh on dinh nen se khong phai cho den on dinh va tiet kiem dien Tien Igi thii hai la cac loai den led phat biic xa anh sang mau hien dang dugc sir dung rgng rai cho muc dich trang tri nen de dang mua moi va thay the tai Viet Nam Chi tiet quan trgng ke tiep may quang hap thu la dau O day, chiing toi sir dung diode quang, la linh kien chuyen doi tuyen tinh tin hieu quang tin hieu dien Uu diem cua loai diode quang la chiing rat nhay sang va ben dieu kien nhiet dai Tin hieu dien sau khoi dau do, se dugc khuech dai bang IC op-am TL071 truoc di vao mach xir ly tin hieu Trong mach xir ly tin hieu, nang lugng truyen quang se dugc xu ly va chuyen doi hap thu bang ic LM 394 LTU diem ciia ic la it nhieu, on dinb cao, khoang tuyen tmh rgng Tuy nhien, nhugc diim cua no la he so chuyin dii log thap phan thuong khac ic boat dong phu thuoc nhiiu vao cac linh kien phu trg ben 41 ngoai Trong djnh huang cai tiin, chiing toi quyit dinh thay thi ic LM 394 bing ic -L 8048 Tuy nhien, ban che ve mat thai gian nen ic 8048 van chua dugc chay thu Dua tren cac thiet bi su dung, mach cap nguin dugc thiit ki di dam bao cung cap dien ap du va on dinh May PNOl dugc thiet ke de sir dung loai nguin la adapter cam dien (9 V) va pin (4 pin AA 2100 mAh) Khi sir dung may di phong thi nghiem hay a noi c6 nguon AC 220 V, co the sir dung nguon cam adapter DC V bang each gat nut chinh nguin vi vi tri 220 V Neu sir dung di thuc dia hay a nhung noi khong co dien thi sir dung pin co the xac lai, loai AA 2100 mAh, vai pin thi thai gian sir dung se la gia 2.2 T6i UTi hoa thyc nghiem quy trinh xac dinh amoni nirffc bien Qua trinh tii uu boa quy trinh xac dinh amoni nuoc bien dugc thuc nghiem theo cac tai lieu da dugc cong bo [2, 4, 5, 6] - Hoa chat: + Phenol: 10 g phenol/100 ml C2H5OH -I- Natri nitroprusside: 0.5 g natri nitroprusside/100 ml H2O cat + Natri citrate: hoa tan 200 g Natri Citrate -H 24 g NaOH H2O 1000 mL - Cach pha che: Dung dich PP: 50 mL Phenol + 37.5 mL Natri nitroprusside Dung dich OX: 100 mL dung dich Natri citrate + vai 25 mL NaOCl 5,5% - Len mau tren cuvet - Lay khoang mL mau nuac, Igc qua giay Igc 0.45 jam - Sir dung xy lanh y te: Hut chinh xac 2.75 mL mau nuoc qua Igc vao cuvet, them 90 |xL thuic thir PP va 160nL thuic thir OX - Sau 60 phut, dem do hap thu tren may PNOl (chinh chi do amoni) vai dung dich so sanh la nuoc cat va hon hgp thuic thir 2.3 Toi iru hoa thuc nghiem quy trinh xac dinh nitrit nu-o-c bien Qua trinh toi uu boa quy trinh xac dinh nitrit nuoc bien da dugc thuc nghiem theo cac tai lieu da dugc cong bo [2, 4, 6, 7] - Hoa chat + Nuoc cat 42 -t- Dung dich H3PO4 dam dac (85%) + Sulfanylamide + Dung dich N-(l-naphthyl)-ethylene dihydrochloride (NED.2HC1): -I- Dung dich chuin nitrite gic 250 ppm N: hoa tan 1.232 g NaN02 nuoc cat 1000 mL Them mL CHCI3 de bao quan Dung dich giii lanh c6 the sir dung thang Dung dich chudn Idm viec 250 ppb N: hiit chinh xac mL dung dich nitrite goc, dinh miic bang nuoc cat 1000 mL, dung dich sir dung - Cach pha che: Thuoc ithit SFA: boa tan Ig sulfanylamide 70 mL H3PO4 dam dac va nuoc cat 100 mL Dung dich ben mot thang neu dugc bao quan binh toi mau Thuoc thir NED: hoa tan 0.07 g NED.2HC1 nuac cit 100 mL Dung dich ben mot thang neu dugc bao quan lanh binh toi mau - Len mau tren cuvet - Lay mL mau nuoc, Igc qua giay Igc 0.45 ^m - Hiit chinh xac mL mau nuac qua Igc vao cuvet, them 150 |J,L thuoc thir SFA va 100 |XL thuic thir A^^D - Sau phut, dem do hap thu tren may PNOl (chinh che do nitrite) vai dung dich so sanh la nuoc cat va hon hgp thuoc thir 2.4 Toi iru hoa thyc nghiem quy trinh xac dinh photphat niro'c bien - Hoa chat + Nuoc cat Ian + Dung dich H2SO4 dam dac -I- Dung dich amoni molypdate goc (NH4)6Mo7024.4H20 pha 500 mL nuoc cit 10000 + Dung dich kali antimonyl tartrat goc K(SbO)C4H406.1/2H20pha 500 mL nuoc cit ppm Mo: can 9.2017g 1000 ppm Sb: can 1.3720g + Dung dich axit ascorbic gic 10000 ppm: can 2.5 g L-Ascorbic axit pha 250 mL nuoc cit, dung dich c6 thi sir dung vong mot tuin nhiet phong + Dung dich chuan phosphate gic 1000 ppm P04^": can 0.6877g (NH4)2HP04 pha 43 500 mL nuac cat Dung dich chudn trung gian 100 ppm PO/': nit chinh xac 10 mL duiphosphate goc, dinh mire bing nuoc cit din 100 mL ^h Dung dich chudn Idm viec 10 ppm PO/': nit chinh xac 50 mL dung dich chuan trung gian, dinh mire bang nuoc cat den 500mL - Pha hon hgp thuoc thir Cho vao binh dinh miic 250 mL: 100 mL nuoc cat, 17.2 mL dung dich H2SO4 dam dac, di ngugi Them tiep 62.5 mL dung dich amoni molypdate goc, 25 mL dung dich kali antimonyl tartrat goc va 125 mL dung dich axit ascorbic goc Dinh mire bang nuoc cat Hon hgp thuoc thir c6 mau vang nhat, on dinh h - Len mau tren cuvet - Liy mL mau nuoc, Igc qua giay Igc 0.45 |im - Hut chinh xac 3.6 mL mau nuoc qua Igc vao cuvet, them 0.4 mL thuoc thir - Sau 10 phut, dem do hap thu tren may PNO (chinh che do phosphate) voi dung dich so sanh la nuoc cat va hon hgp thuoc thu Khao sat cac quy trinh phan tich bang may PNOl thuc tien Noi dung khao sat bao gom nghien cim cac thong so nhu nhay cua may so sanh vai mot may quang UV - VIS, lap lai ciia duang chuan, phuong sai tai hien so sanh voi mot may quang UV - VIS khac 3.1 Phan tich amoni So sanh gioi ban phat hien va giai ban dinh lugng vai may SHIMADZU 10-UV: ^ y = 0.9893x + 0.1005 R^ = 0.9993 0.800 0.600 - i ^ ^ ^ y = 0.9576X + 0.0997 R^ = 0.998 0.200 - Amoni ppm Amoni ppm D 0.2 04 0.6 0.8 Hinh 2: Do lap lai ciia duang chuin quy trinh phan tich amoni tren may PNOl each gio 44 I PNOl • SIMADZU Hinh 3: So sanh day chuin vai may SHIMADZU 10-UV Bang 1: So sanh cac thong si giiia hai may quy trinh phan tich amoni Cac gia trj so sanh May PNOl May SHIMADZU 10-UV LOD ppm NH3 0,0058 0,00621 LOQ ppm NH3 0,019 0,0204 Y=0,9893x+0,1005 Y = 0,9612x +0,102 Phuang trinh duang chuan Phuang sai tai hien R^ = 0,9993 R^ = 0,9974 0,000209 0,000227 Vay quy trinh phan tich amoni, hai may co chinh xac tuong duang May PNOl c6 phin nhay hem va tuyen tinh cao ban 3.2 Phan tich Nitrit nnn Abs So sanh gioi ban phat hien va giai ban dinh lugng voi may SHIMADZU 10-UV: n < 0.800 • * 1.000 - y = 0.0051x-0.0072 • R^ = 0.9981 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.400 - y = 0.0041x + 0.0015 R ' = 0.9996 0.200 0.200 - - ^ - ^j^^^^^'^ Cone (ppb) nitrit ppb 0.000 50 100 150 200 25C Hinh 4: Do lap lai ciia duong chuin quy trinh nitrit tren may PNO 40 80 :!0 j « PNOl • Stiimazu 160 200 Hinh 5: So sanh duang chuan ciia quy trinh nitrit giua may PNO va may SHIMADZU 10-UV Bang 2: So sanh cac thong si phan tich cua quy trinh phan tich nitrit giiia may PNOl va may SHIMADZU 10-UV Cac gia tri so sanh May PNOl May SHIMADZU 10-UV LOD ppb NO2 0,38 0,57 LOQ ppb NO2 1,26 1,90 Phuang trinh duang chuan Phuang sai tai hien Y=0,0041x+0,0015 Y=0,0051x-0,0072 R^ = 0,9996 R^ = 0,9981 4,33*10"^ 4,33*10"^ 45 Trong quy trinh phan tich nitrit, may PNOl co tuyen tinh va nhay tot ban Giai ban dinh lugng nhu vay bao dam de xac dinh chi tieu nitrit nuac be mat 3.3 Phan tich Phosphat So sanh giai ban phat hien va giai ban dinh lugng voi may SECONMAN S570: 0.500 0.450 0.400 y = 0.2154X + 0.0063 R^ = 0.9994 0.350 ^ ^ ^ ^ j> 0.300 0.250 ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 0.200 • 0.150 0.100 J 0.050 y = 0.1618x-0.0004 R^ = 9999 ^ Phosphat ppm 0.000 0.5 • PNOl Hinh 6: Do lap lai cua duang chuan quy trinh phan tich phosphat tren may PNOl 1.5 • S E C O N M A N S§TS\ 2.5 Hinh 7: So sanh duong chuan quy trinh phan tich phosphat giiia may PNOl va may SECONMAN S570 Bang 3: So sanh cac thong so giiia hai may quy trinh phan tich phosphat Cac gia tri so sanh May PNOl May SECONMAN S570 LOD ppm P04^" 0,034 0,008 LOQ ppm P04^ 0,112 0,027 Phuang trinh duang chuan Phuong sai tai hien Y=0,1618x-0,0004 Y=0.02154x +0.0063 R^ = 0,9999 R^ = 0,9994 3,00*10"^ 1,00*10"* Trong quy trinh phan tich phosphat, nhay ciia may PNOl thip hon may SECONMAN S570 van bao dam de xac dinh ham lugng phosphat nuac tu nhien 3.4 Phan tich mau thyc te Sau khao sat cac thong so tren, chiing toi tien hanh lam kiem tra cheo giua cac phong thi nghiem Sir dung may PNOl de true tiep ngoai hien truong tai ba biin Phan Thiet va Viing Tau, mau dugc lay theo TCVN 6663 - : 2000 va dem ve phan tich tai phong thi nghiem phan tich thuoc Bg mon Hoa phan tich Truong Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tu nJiien thuc hien 46 Bang 4: So sanh kit qua phan tich thuc ti giiia may PNOl va Phong thi nghiem Dia diem Lay mau Viing Tau Phan Thiit Nitrit ppb Amoni ppm May PNOl PTN HPT Khong Khong phat hien phat hien Khong Khong phat hien phat hien May PNOl 10.52 4.83 Phosphat ppm May PNOl PTN HPT Viing Tau Khong Khong phat hien phat hien Phan Khong Khong Thiit phat hien phat hien IV KET LUAN Ve mat khoa hoc Da khao sat va toi uu boa cac quy trinh phan tich amoni, nitrit, phosphat nuoc biin Chiing toi da khao sat va danh gia nhiing anh huang ciia mot so phan va toan bg ting thi nuoc bien din toan bg quy trinh phan tich Ket qua cho thay vai quy trinh chung toi di nghi hoan toan khong bi anh huong bai cac phan tong the nuoc bien Ket qua c6 y nghia ve diing va chinh xac ciia quy trinh dugc nang cao Trong phan nghien ciiu thiet ke che tao may quang hap thu phan tir PNOl chiing toi sir dung nhiing linh kien dien tir tien tien nhu den LED c6 buofc song chgn Igc, nhan quang dien (dau do) c6 phan hoi va tuyen tinh cao, bg hien thi tich hgp Day la Irnh vuc nghien cim moi me nuoc ta vay nhiing linh kien va thiet bi hoan toan phai nhap ngoai, vay ket qua ciia may PNOl khiem ton, song voi yeu cau phan tich cac ion nuoc bien thi may hoan toan c6 the dap ling tot ve diing va chinh xac Trong phan nghien cim che tao bg KIT cac boa chat dugc pha va dung voi ti le tiet kiem nhat vay ban che dugc viec thai tra lai moi truong nhiing boa chat dgc hai Ve mat thyc tien Hien nay, cac nganh kinh te bien: dau khi, khai khoang, giao thong van tai, nghe ca, nuoi hai san, du lich, nghi duong dang phat trien rat manh va dong gop tren 45% GDP cua Viet Nam Ben canh nhiing Igi ich kinh te khong the phii nhan, cac nganh ciing dang c6 nhiing tac dong xau den moi truong bien Mot nhiing tac dong xau la lam nhiem vimg bien, gay hien tugng phu duang ham lugng cac muoi dinh duong P, N vugt qua ham lugng cho phep Vi vay, viec dinh lugng cac muii dinh duang P, N la yeu ciu cap thiit cong tac danh gia , bao ve va quan ly moi truong biin 47 Hien nay, cac phuang phap phan tich phong thi nghiem van dong vai tro tich cue ciia minh Tuy nhien, phan tich moi truong, nhat la moi truong bien de danh gia nguai ta can phan tich rat nhieu mau, doi hoi thiet bj va quy trinh phan tich nhanh Bg KIT PNO phan tich nhanh co nhiing uu diem thuc te nhu: - Thai gian thuc hien phan img nhanh - Do nhay va khoang lam viec phu hgp vai ham lugng thap cua cac ion nghien ciiu nuac bien - Cac thuoc thir dugc iron chung voi nit ngan thai gian phan tich - Cac yeu to can nhieu co ham lugng thap nen khong gay anh huong - Chi phi cho mot mau phan tich rat thap Lcri cam on: Chiing toi chan cam on De Tai KC09-07 da ung hg, khuyen khich va ho trg kinh phi de thuc hien nhiem vu nghien ciiu, thiet ke che tao thiet bi PN 01 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Tac An (chii tri), 2005 Nghien ciiu cac giai phap bao ve, phuc hoi cac he sinh thai ran san ho, co bien va khac phuc nhiem moi truong bien tu sinh Bao cao ting kit di tai KC 09-07, 248 tr Thu vien Vien Hai duong hgc Fifield FW and Haines PJ, 2000 Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Blackwell Science Jacobson M., et al., 2000 Earth System Science, Academic Press Lenore S Clesceri, Arnold E Greenberg, R Rhodes Trussel, 1999 Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 17"' Edition, American Public Health Assosiation Richard Clinch J., et al., 1988 An automated spectromphotometric field monitor for water quality parameters: Determination of ammonia, Analytica Chimica Acta 214,401-407 TCVN 6663 -14: 2000 Chit lugng nuoc Liy mau Phin 14: Huang dan dam bao chat lugng lay mau va xir ly mau nuac moi truong 25tr (A4) TCVN 6178 - 1996 (ISO 6777 - 1984) Chit lugng nuac Xac djnh nitrit Phuang phap trac hap thu phan tir 48 TCVN 6202 - 1996 Chat lugng nuoc Xac dinh phitpho Phuang phap trac dung amoni molipdat Sven Blomqvist and Susanna Westin, 1998 Interference from chromate, germanate, mngstate and vanadate when determining phosphate in aqueous solution by the phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue method, Analytica Chimica Acta 358, 245-254 10 Going J E and Eisenreich S J., 2001 Spectrophotometric studies of reduced molybdoantimonylphosphoric acid, Analytica Chimica Acta 70, 95-106 11 Drummond L and Maher W., 1995 Determination of phosphorus in aqueous solution via formation of the phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue complex Reexamination of optimum conditions for the analysis of phosphate, Analytica Chimica Acta 302, 69-74 12 Karl D M and Tien G., 1992 Magic: A Sensitive and Precise Method for Measuring Dissolved Phosphorus in Aquatic Environments Limnology and Oceanography 37, 105-116 DEVELOPMENT OF HANDY SPECTROMETER AND CHEMICAL KITS FOR QUICK ASSESSMENT OF SEAWATER QUALITY NGUYEN THANH DUG, NGUYEN MINH TRUC, LE THANH DUNG, VU TRONG HUNG Summary: Environmental pollution is a contemporary alert state in Vietnam One of the reasons is the limit in facility to quickly assess the environmental conditions A spontaneous assessment infield will help the environmental managers as well as the residents have appropriate solutions to eliminate risks Our study aims to develop a handy spectrophotometer and chemical kits to determine three nutrient parameters in sea-water including nitrite (NOi), ammonium (NH4*) and phosphate (POt)- The testing of this device and chemical kits showed the detection limit 0.38 ppb NO?', 5.8 ppb NH4* and 34 ppb PO4' As a first step in our study, we succeeded in manufacturing the handy device and chemical kits which work well in tropical conditions, suitable for field measurement, quality in comparison with imported chemical kits, easy to make, low cost and affordable to widely provide to the community Ngdy nhan bdi: 30 - 12 - 2009 NgurM nhan xet: PGS TSKH Nguyin Tac An 49 ... nhieu mau, doi hoi thiet bj va quy trinh phan tich nhanh Bg KIT PNO phan tich nhanh co nhiing uu diem thuc te nhu: - Thai gian thuc hien phan img nhanh - Do nhay va khoang lam viec phu hgp vai ham... xac dinh nhanh, chuan muc chat lugng moi truong nham dam bao sire khoe cho nguai dan va hieu qua phat trien kinh te, dac biet la linh vuc nghe ca, nuoi thiiy hai san, du lich, nghi duang ven bien... Khoa hoc va Cong nghe bien TIO (2010) S6 Tr 37 - 49 CHE TAO THIET BI DANH GIA NHANH CHAT LUOfNG MOI TRirJifNG Nir6C BIEN VEN BOf NGUYEN THANH DLTC, NGUYEN MINH TRUC, LE T H A N H DUNG, VU TRONG HUNG