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CONG TAC BAO YE THU''''C VAT PHUC W P H I T TRIEN NEN NONG NGHIEP BEN VUnVG VIET N \3I GS TS Du oTng Hong Dat ChU tjch danh dU Hoi Bdo ve thi/c vdt I MOT SO THANH Tt/U CUA BAO VE THL/C VAT TRONG N H Q N[.]
CONG TAC BAO YE THU'C VAT PHUC W P H I T TRIEN NEN NONG NGHIEP BEN VUnVG VIET N.\3I GS.TS Du-oTng Hong Dat ChU tjch danh dU Hoi Bdo ve thi/c vdt I MOT SO THANH Tt/U CUA BAO VE THL/C VAT TRONG N H Q N G NAM VL/A QUA Vao nhiJng n a m 50 cua the' ky XX, mien Bac nUdc t a ducfc giai phong va hit tay vao p h a t t r i e n nong nghiep, xay dUng kinh te sau nhufng n a m k h a n g chien cho'ng thuc dan P h a p xam lugc De bao ve s a n xuat nong nghiep, mpt so' can bp dupe giao t r a c h n h i e m lam cong tac bao ve thuc vat Hoat dpng dUpc h i n h t h a n h tir va lien tuc p h a t trien cho den Hcfn 50 n a m hoat dpng va trudng t h a n h , cac hoat dpng BVTV da co nhUng dong gop dang ke nhUng t h a n h cong cua nong nghiep nUdc ta BVTV da ngan chan dupe tac h a i cua nhieu loai sau benh hai cay trong, bao ve n a n g sua't va san lupng cac loai cay chu ye'u Nhieu t r a n dich sau benh hai da dugc phat hien, ngan chan, gop p h a n bao ve mua mang Cong tac kiem dich thUc vat da co nhUng dong gop tich cUc viec p h a t hien va loai tri^ sU xam n h a p cua nhieu loai sau benh ngoai lai x a m n h a p vao nude ta, gop p h a n n a n g eao chat lupng nong san h a n g hoa t r e n thi trUcfng nUdc va quo'c t e Cong tae BVTV eo nhieu dong gop viee tao cae gio'ng eay cho'ng chiu sau b e n h va da cung cap cho san xua't mpt so' gio'ng co dac tinh cho'ng chiu gop p h a n dn dinh n a n g sua't BVTV da tich cUc gop p h a n vao viec ^ n giU eac gidng cay trdng mdfi dUa vao san xua't vdi dac tinh, eho n a n g sua't cao Nhufng n a m gan day, BVTV da co nhUng dong gop viec bao ve va p h a t huy da dang sinh hpc Nhieu loai ky sinh, t h i e n dich, da dupe chu y bao ve cac he sinh t h a i nong nghiep Hoat dpng BVTV da di dau viec ap dung va md rpng san xua't nong nghiep saeh, thUe hien san xua't nong nghiep an toan BVTV eo nhieu dong gop cac hoat dpng thuc h a n h nong nghiep tdt (GAP) va khdi ngudn cho mpt so' phong trao s a n xua't nong nghiep t h a n thien vdi moi trUdng nhU "Ba giam, ba tang" "Phong trCr sau b e n h tdng hpp (IPM) NhUng nguyen n h a n chu ye'u tao n e n nhufng t h a n h tUu t r e n day trUde he't la sU quan t a m tao nhUng dieu kien t h u a n Ipri ve n h a n lUe, vat tU, phUcfng tien, chinh sach cua cac cap uy Dang va Chinh quyen cho cae hoat dpng BVTV Dpi ngu can bp cong n h a n , cac n h a khoa hoc, cac n h a quan ly cong tac BVTV n h i e t tinh, h a n g say cong viec, k h o n g quan gian kho, vdi tinh t h a n trach nhiem da p h a t huy sang tao, tim mpi each de bao ve eho dupc mua mang, loai trU thiet hai sau b e n h gay • HOI NGHI KHOA HOC CONG NGHE TOAN QUOC VE BVTV LAN THL' •> 13 Mang ludi chuyen trach cong tac BVTV dupe hinh t h a n h , xay dung va cung cd qua nhieu n a m bo sung va hoan thien; den da co m a t tu co sd san xua't de'n cac cap len de'n trung Udng Mang ludi da tich luy dupe nhieu k i n h nghiem qua nhUng n a m hoat dpng thUe tien cong tac BVTV nen da cd nhUng ddng gdp r a t tich cue viec phong trCr sau benh bao ve mua mang Cac hoat dpng nghien cdu khoa hpc, chuyen giao cong nghe va dao tao can bp cd nhieu ddng gdp cac t h a n h cong cua hoat dpng BVTV Cac hoat dpng nghien cufu khoa hpc, chuyen giao cong nghe dupc trien khai t r e n nhieu hUdng: Tim hieu cac dd'i tUpng gay hai; du tinh dU bao phat sinh, gay hai cua sau benh; tim toi va sang tao cae phucfng phap phong trif v.v Tren mpt sd linh vUc nghien cufu, chung ta da di vao cac hudng hien dai nhu p h a n lap eac gen chong chiu, xae dinh cae gen lay nhiem, benh ly hpc phan tuf, cac mdi quan he thdng tin the gidi trung v.v Hang nam, chung ta dao tao hang t r a m ky sU BVTV, tap huan, bdi dUdng cho h a n g nghin ky thuat vien, huan luyen cho h a n g van nong dan ve BVTV Dpi ngu can bp, cong n h a n lam eho chat lupng cong tac BVTV tUng bUdc dupe n a n g len, hieu qua cong tac cang cao han Ben canh nhUng t h a n h tUu da dat dUpc, hoat dpng BVTV nhUng n a m vCra qua bpc lp mpt so' khuyet diem va nhupc diem Nhieu t r a n dich sau benh chUa dUpc phat hien kip thdi, nhieu bien phap phdng trU dupc ap dung mang lai hieu qua chUa cao, cho nen h a n g n a m sau benh v^n gay nhUng thiet hai dang ke cho mua mang Tinh t r a n g suf dung thuo'c BVTV chUa dung ky thuat cdn xay d nhieu noi dan de'n nhiem moi trUdng Du lupng thuo'c BVTV tren mpt so' loai rau, qua d mpt so' dia phuong qua cao, gay ngp dpc cho ngUdi suf dung Du lUpng thudc BVTV t r e n mpt sd nong san xua't khau cao lam giam gia tri va uy tin cua nong san Viet Nam t r e n thi trUdng the gidi Phun thud'c BVTV qua nhieu lan tai mpt sd vung trdng rau, cay a n qua, cay cdng nghiep lam cho nhieu loai sinh vat he sinh thai bi suy giam ve so' lUpng, lam ngheo da dang sinh hpc Cho den nay, nhieu van de ccf ban cua cdng tae BVTV chUa dupc giai quyet Quy luat phat sinh, bie'n dpng, gay hai cua nhieu loai sau benh va cua cac quan xa gay hai tren dia ban ca nUdc cung nhU d mpt sd vung kinh te - sinh thai chUa dupc p h a t hien, eho n e n tinh t r a n g bi dpng do'i phd van dien Md'i quan he giUa cac loai ky sinh gay hai va cac loai cay ky chu cdn nhieu dieu chUa biet Dac diem, ca che mien dich eua eac loai cay trdng nUdc ta chUa dUpc nghien cufu Cdng tac BVTV cdn mang tinh bi dpng, ufng phd P h a n ldn luc luprng bi hut vao viec xuf ly, dd'i phd vdi dien bien va gay hai trUde m a t cua sau benh Hoat dpng BVTV chua danh dupc the chu dpng viec bao ve mua mang hien nay, ma cdn chUa lam rd dupe dinh hUdng phat trien trOng nhUng n a m sap tdi, n h a t la de phue vu mpt n e n ndng nghiep phat trien ben vdng va chuan bi cho nude ta di vao n e n kinh te tri thufc, theo kip bUde tien eua thdi dai •:• HQI NGHI KHOA HQC CONG NGHE TOAN QLOC VE BVTV LAN THLf •:• 74 II XAY DL/NG HOAT DONG BVTV PHUC VU PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP BEN V Q N G Hpi n g h i Ban chap h a n h Trung uang Dang l a n thuf 7, khda X da nghi quyet ve p h a t t r i e n ndng nghiep - ndng dan - ndng t h o n ( t h a n g 8/2008) neu len muc tieu tdng quat ve p h a t t r i e n ndng nghiep thdi gian tdi la: "Xay dUng n e n ndng n g h i e p t o a n dien theo hudng hien dai ben vUng, san xua't h a n g hda ldn, cd n a n g sua't, c h a t lupng, hieu qua va k h a n a n g canh t r a n h eao, bao dam an ninh luang thue qud'e gia" Theo Ban Thu ky Cdng ude Da dang sinh hpc (2008): "Ndng nghiep ben vdng hudng tdi viec suf dung cac san pham va dich vu cua tu n h i e n n h a m dat duac san lupng cao b a n g cae bien p h a p cd hieu qua ve kinh te, t h a n thien vdi mdi trUdng, phuc vu cho cac nhu cau cua xa hpi di ddi vdi bao tdn cae ngudn tai nguyen cho giai doan tuang lai va cho cac the he mai sau" Nen ndng nghiep ben vUng cd eac muc tieu sau day: dat nang suat, cha't lupng ndng san cao, s a n xua't h a n g hda; tao san pham ndng nghiep ngon lanh, sach; dam bao thu n h a p va ddi sdng cua ndng dan tang len khdng ngu'ng; tai nguyen thien nhien duac suf dung mot each hgp ly, tie't Idem, khoa hpc vdi hieu qua cao va khdng ngu'ng giau cd t h e m de dam bao dap ufng day du cho cae nhu cau hien tai va khdng lam anh hudng den sU phat trien tuang lai; mdi trUdng ndng thdn xanh, sach lanh De cd t h e phuc vu td't cho viec xay dung n I n ndng nghiep ben vUng, Can xay dung va thue h a n h phuang phap BVTV ben vUng ThUc te hoat dpng nhUng n a m vifa qua cho thay, eac phuang phap BVTV thudng dugc ap dung de ngan ngda tac h a i cua sau benh true tie'p gay eho eay trdng m a chua chu y nhieu de'n y nghia tao sU ben vdng eho b a n t h a n cdng tae n a y va cho sU p h a t trien ben vUng cua toan bd nen ndng nghiep Xay dUng va thUc h a n h phuang phap BVTV ben vUng can chu y lam tdt n h d n g edng viec chu yeu sau day: Co n h a n thii'c diing d a n va day dii ve cac m u c t i e u ma cac hoat dpng BVTV c a n dat dvCdc TrUdc k e t cae phuang p h a p va hoat ddng BVTV hudng vao viec ngan ngifa cac tac hai sau benh gay ra, dam bao dat n a n g sua't cay trdng cao Muc tieu cho den da dugc lam td't va da dat dugc nhieu ke't qua dang ghi n h a n Cac hoat dpng va phuang phap BVTV cdn can hUdng vao n a n g cao cha't lUpng ndng san, n a n g cao gia tri h a n g hda, n a n g cao eac ehi tieu Chat lupng cdng nghiep, n a n g cao cac gia tri dinh dudng Muc tieu cho den chua dupe cdng tac BVTV d nude ta ehu y den day du va dung mdc Cac phuang p h a p BVTV can hUdng tdi viee n a n g cao hieu qua dich vu he sinh thai Dich vu he sinh thai dugc edng Udc da dang sinh hpc qud'e te (CBD) dinh nghia la: "NhUng lgi ich ma ngUdi thu dugc tCr cae he sinh t h a i bao gdm dich vu cung cap thdc an va nude; cac dich vu dieu tiet n h u kiem soat lu va dich benh; cac chdc n a n g van hda nhU cac lgi ich ve tinh t h a n va gia tri; va cae dich vu hd trg nhU chu chuyen chat dinh dUdng, tri cac dieu kien eho sU sdng t r e n Trai da't" Cac dich vu va lgi ich cua he sinh thdi HQI NGHI KHOA HQC CONG NGHE TOAN QUOC VE BVTV LAN THL'