Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc va Ci'''' ng nghe Viet Nam Hd Ngi 10/2010 MOT SO VAN DE QUAN LY MOI TRU^ONG VA TAX NGUYEN VUNG ClfA SONG BIEN GI61 KA LONG SOME PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENT AND RES[.]
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky- niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc va Ci':ng nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10/2010 MOT SO VAN DE QUAN LY MOI TRU^ONG VA TAX NGUYEN VUNG ClfA SONG BIEN GI61 KA LONG SOME PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE AGAGEMENT IN THE KALONG DELTA Dinh Van Huy Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi tmdng bien 246 - Da Nang, Ngd Quyen, Hai Phdng Email: huydv(d),imert.ac.vn Tom tat: Viing cira sdng Ka Long la mot viing cira sdng nhd ciia Qudng Ninh thudc vimg ba Dong Bdc Viet Nam, nai cd duang bien giai Viet Nam - Tning Qude chgy qua Nai day cung chinh Id sdng ddu tien ciia Viet Nam a phia bdc nuac vdo Bien Ddng qua vinh Bdc Bd Viing cira sdng Ka Long gidu cd ngudn tdi nguyen, nhung dang phdi ddi mat vai mdt sd vdn di vi qudn ly mdi truang, tdi nguyin bai tinh chdt xiiyin bien gidi cua nd nhu d nhiim ngudn nuac sdng vd trdm tich biin ven ba, ddnh bdt ngudn lgi thuy - hdi sdn, xdi la - bdi tu Nhirng vdn di ndy dnh hudng khdng nhd tai an ninh qude phdng, phdt triin kinh ti Ddc biet, chiing rdt nhay cdm ve quan hi ngogi giao giira hai nuac thdng qua tranh chdp lanh thd, khai thdc sir dung tdi nguyen vd bdo ve mdi trudng Abstract: The Kalong delta is small in size, located in the Quangninh provice of the Noth-east Vietnam, where the line of demarcation between Vietnam and China goes through It is the northern most river of Vietnam-brings water into the East Sea through the Gulf of Tonkin The Kalong dela is rich in natural resouces, but is faced uith problems environment and resources management as a result of its transboundary nature such as pollution of river water and coastal zone sediments, catching aquatic resources, erosion-accretion etc These problems strongly infiuence the economic development and national security Specially, this area is very sensitive to diplomatic relations between Vietnam and China in territorial disputes, exploitation and utilization of natural resources, and environmental protection L Md Dau Vimg cira sdng Ka Long nam d phan tan cimg phia Ddng Bac tinh Quang Ninh, la noi bat dau dudng cong hinh chir "S" ciia dudng bd bien Viet Nam Day la viing cira sdng dau tien va cung la cira sdng bien gidi nhat cua Viet Nam dd nude vao Bien Ddng qua Vjnh Bac Bd d hai ben bd cira sdng cd dd thj phat trien kinh te rat nang ddng, phia bac la thj xa Ddng Hung, tinh Quang Tay, Tmng Qude, phia nam la phd Mdng Cai, tinh Quang Ninh Vdi nhiing thuan Igi ve vi tri, ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien da tao dieu kien cho viing cira sdng nhirng co hdi phat trien mdt sd nganh kinh tl miii nhgn nhu thuong mai, du lich - djch vu, nudi trdng thiiy san v.v Tuy nhien, mdt so van dl vl quan ly mdi tmdng va tai nguyen mang tinh chat xuyen bien gidi va rat nhay cam vl quan he ngoai giao giiia hai nude da va dang dien can dugc nghien cim, cd giai phap phii hgp dl bao ve mdi tmdng, giii quan he lang gieng tdt dep va phat trien ben virng 151 Tiiu ban: Khoa hgc cung nghe Biin ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1 Dac diem thuy van viing cua song Sdng Ka Long chay tir thugng ngudn ve den phudng Ka long thi phan hai nhanh Mot nhanh chay ve hudng ddng qua cira khau Mdng Cai cd ten ggi la sdng Bac Luan rdi bien qua cua Sa Vy Khi chay den dia phan Hai Hda, sdng cd them nhieu lach trieu Idn nhd tir ca Viet Nam va Tmng Qude chay vao [8] Nhanh thir hai chay ve hudng nam van mang ten goi chinh cua sdng Ka Long, den Hai Xuan thi phan ddi rdi deu chay vao phan ddng bdc vjnh Tien Yen - Ha Cdi qua Van Ninh va Binh Nggc Duong bien gidi Viet Nam - Tmng Quoc chay tir thugng ngudn ciia sdng den nga ba thi theo hudng cua nhanh sd.ng Bac Luan cira Sa Vy va tiep tuc vjnh Bac Bd Vimg cira sdng Ka Long dugc thugng ngudn sdng cung cap mdt lugng nude hang nam khdng Idn khoang 1,7 x 10*^ m^ [8] Theo ket qua quan trac he thdng tir nhiing nam 60 ciia the ky tmdc, luu lugng tmng binh ciia sdng Ka Long dat 55,6 m7s, Idn nhat 4.090 m7s va nhd nhdt 3,5 mVs Theo cac sd lieu mdi day (CEETIA, 1999), luu lugng Idn nhat ciia sdng Ka Long vl miia lii (thang - ) dat 7000 mVs, luu lugng nhd nhat ve miia kiet (thang 12 va 1) ciing dat 12,1 m^/s Chi trieu viing cira sdng Ka Long la che toan nhat, mdi thang cd ky nude cudng va ky nude kem Muc nude tmng binh 2,35m (cao nhat nude ta) Sdng bien tac ddng vao viing bd bien Mdng Cai va viing cira sdng Ka Long theo nhieu hudng, nhung chii yeu la sdng hudng ddng vdi tdng tan suat 50%, hudng nam vdi tdng tan suat 23,2%) va chu yeu la sdng cap II (do cao sdng 0,5 - 0,75m) d tat ca cac hudng vdi tdng tan suat dat 52,3% Tai nguyen va tiem nang vung cua song Ngudn tai nguyen vimg cira sdng Ka Long kha da dang va dugc thdng ke so luge gdm cd: Tai nguyen vi the: Viing cira sdng Ka Long nam sat bien gidi Viet Nam va Tmng Qude, la "noi dja dau Td qude", cd cira khau qude te Mdng Cai Cira khau Mdng Cai dugc xac djnh la cira khau bien gidi bd quan trgng nhat ciia Viet Nam va la cira ngd quan trgng tien trinh hdi nhap qude te giiia cac nude khu virc [6] Trong quan he hgp tac Viet Nam va Tmng Qude, Mdng Cai cd vj tri dac biet quan trgng hai hanh lang kinh te (hanh lang Cdn Minh, Tmng Qude - Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh va hanh lang Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh - Lang Son - Quang Tay, Tmng Qude) va mdt vanh dai kinh te ven bd vjnh Bac Bd (Quang Tay - Mdng Cai - Ha Long - Dd Son ) Trong quy hoach phat trien Vanh dai kinh te ven bien vjnh Bac Bd den nam 2020, phd cira khau Qude te Mdng Cai dugc xac djnh: la diem khdi dau ciia Vanh dai kinh te ven bien vjnh Bac Bd [2] Hien nay, khu vuc Mdng Cai la mdt hai tmng tam kinh te Idn ciia tinh Quang Ninh, cd vj tri quan trgng true kinh te trgng diem Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh Vj the cang cd y nghTa sir trao ddi hang hoa giiia Viet Nam va Tmng Qude cang tang nhanh va Tmng Qude hien dang ndi len nhu mdt cudng qude kinh te tren the gidi Tai nguyen dat ngap nude: Tdng dien tich dat ngap (DNN) nude viing cira sdng Ka Long la: 17.53938 [8] Trong dd, DNN phu thue vat la: 2.700,05 ha; DNN khdng phii thirc vat la: 5.245,72 ha; DNN hoat ddng kinh tl cua ngudi tao la: 1.571,05 ha; DNN thudng xuyen la: 8.022,56 (gdm: ldng lach sdng, trieu: 4.588,82 ha; Day tich tu cat din sau 6m: 2.955,14 ha; day tich tu bdt Idn din sau 6m: 4.929,08 ha) Tai nguyen nude: Kha rdi rao, dam bao chat lugng cung cap nude sinh hoat [4], Ngudn nude mat ciia cac sdng d Mdng Cai kha phong phu va phan phdi tuong ddi dIu theo khdng gian Ngudn nude ngam cd tdng trir lugng nude ngam ciing rat Idn, khoang 1500mV va phan bd deu Thanh phd Mdng Cai 152 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc kv niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10'2010 Tai nguyen rirng: Hien cd khoang 18.431,71 dat lam nghiep, phong phii ve chiing loai, chiem 35,68% dien tich tir nhien cua Thanh phd [4] Khoang san: Cd cac loai nhu sdt (Hai Ddng), cao lanh (Kim Tinh, VTnh Thirc), Titan (Tra Cd, Binh Nggc, VTnh Thirc), cat thuy tinh (VTnh Thirc) va cat, sdi diing cho xay dung Tai nguyen du Ijch va nhan van: Mdng Cai la manh dat cd tmyen thdng Ijch sir van hda lau ddi, la noi cd nhieu phong canh dep ndi tieng, hau lanh, cd bd bien trai dai 17 km bang phang vdi bai cat mjn mang; cd cira khau Qude te nen cd kha nang thu hut nhieu du khach va ngoai nude [4] Tren dja ban phd cd di tich Ijch sir van hda dugc xep hang cap qude gia: Dinh Tra Cd, chiia Van Linh Khanh, chiia Xuan Lan, ciing vdi cac danh thang khac tao nen mdt quan the du Ijch ddc dao, da dang [5] Nhan dan Mdng Cai da dang ve phan dan tdc mang dam net van hda dac sac, cd dire tinh can cii, doan ket, men khach Dieu da lam phong phii, ndi bat gia trj tai nguyen du Ijch va nhan van ciia noi dja dau td qude bien cuong Tdi nguyen sinh vdt vimg cira sdng: Theo sd lieu thdng ke den nam 2006 cho thay cd hon 600 loai dugc tap hgp tir cac quan xa sinh vat phii du (254), thirc vat ngap man (14), rong bien (11), ddng vat day (81), ca bien (183), muc (10) va tdm, cua (>50) d viing cira sdng Ka Long [8] Sir da dang ve cac kieu he sinh thai (HST) nhu: HST rirng ngap man, HST viing trieu cira sdng, HST viing trieu day cirng, HST viing nude day mem la tiem nang cho da dang loai va gdp phan tao co sd cho viec khai thac va bao ve ngudn tai nguyen sinh vat bien d day Thue trang phat trien 4.1 Thuang mgi - Xudt nhap khau qua bien gio'i Tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau qua Mdng Cai binh quan dat hon 500 trieu USD/nam (giai doan 2001-2005), tang hon 40% so vdi binh quan giai doan 1996-2000 va giai doan 2006-2008 dat binh quan ty USD, dd nam 2008 dat 4,1 ty USD, chilm 20% tdng kim ngach hang hda chieu ciia nude [6] Tuy nhien, dieu dang quan tam la phan Idn lugng hang hda xuat nhap khau lai dugc van chuyen theo dudng thiiy qua cac ben thiiy ndi dia va theo ddng chay ciia sdng Bac Luan va Ka Long Den nam 2008, lugng dd may diing de van chuyen hang hda d day da vugt ngudng cho phep va dang gay nen nhiing khd khan, thach thirc Idn cho cdng tac quan ly tren nhieu phuong dien [1] Sdng Ka Long doan chay qua phd Mdng Cai dugc coi la dudng dac dja de van chuyen hang xuat nhap khau tir Viet Nam sang Tmng Qude va ngugc >Sr ^-H lai Doan sdng cd chilu dai chua ddy 6km, ldng " ' ^ ^ ^ y ^ r ^ ^ J^d^ dd thuyi^ch& sdng hep, nhieu doan cua gap, nude chay xiet Vao thdi f^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ j^^^^ ^ • ^^^ ^^^ ^^ • ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^^ j-y diem thuy trieu xudng, cac hoat ddng giao thdng dudng thiiy d day gap khdng it khd khan The nhirng, mdi van cd hang ngan phuong tien dd may ndi dudi van chuyen hang hda tren mat sdng Theo thdng ke cua lire lugng Canh sat giao thdng dudng thiiy Cdng an phd Mdng Cai, chi tinh rieng sd lugng dd may ciia ngudi dan dja phuong va dd tir nhirng noi khac nude tdi day hanh nghe ciing da tdi 2.000 chicc, ngoai cdn cd 500 chiec dd ciia ngudi dan Trung Qude ciing tham gia van chuyen hang hda khu vuc [3] Neu nhu tmdc kia, sd lugng dd it, tai trgng ciia mdi chiec thudng chi tir 10 den 15 tan, thi tir cudi nam 2006 den nam 2008, lugng dd da tang len dot bien va tai trgng dd ciing Idn hon, nhieu vugt qua trgng tai cho phep la 25 tan [1] Dieu dang ndi d day la nhilu 153 Tiiu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Biin ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1 phuang tien khdng dugc dang ky, dang kiem, ngudi dieu khien phuong tien chua dugc dao tao va cap chirng chi hanh nghe Day ciing la nguyen nhan dan den cac vu tai nan giao thdng dudng thiiy tren tuyen gia tang Mdt khd khan khac cdng tac quan ly d day la tinh trang im tac giao thdng Tinh trang iin tac giao thdng da gay anh hudng true tiep den hoat ddng xuat nhap khau va tinh trang dam bao an ninh trat tir tren dja ban Nhieu loai hang hda cua cac doanh nghiep, nhat la cac mat hang ndng, hai san xudt khau, bj iin tac dan den tinh trang hu hdng, giam pham chat gay thiet hai Idn cho doanh nghiep Cdng tac dam bao an ninh trat tu ciing cd nhieu dien bien phire tap 4.2 Moi truang viing cira song Ket qua khao sat cua cac nha chuyen mdn Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi tmdng bien nam 2004 - 2005 cho thdy mdi tmdng nude sdng va ven bien ciia sdng Ka Long cdn kha tdt chi cd vai chi tieu vugt nguong cho phep [8] Nude sdng d khu vuc cac phudng ngi Mdng Cai cd thdng sd: pH, ndng dxy hda tan va dau, chi dap ling tieu chuan chat lugng nude mat loai B (theo TCVN 5942-1995) Sau 3-4 nam phat triln kinh te, nude sdng Ka Long khu vuc cac phudng ndi da bj d nhiem nghiem trgng, ngudn nude thai cd chiia dau md, nude lam mat may, nude lacanh cua hang ngan chiec tau, thuyen, dd, hoat ddng lien tuc sudt dem tren sdng; ciing vdi nhiing chat thai ran bj vuong vai qua trinh van chuyen hang hda; lugng chat thai cd chiia nhieu can ba, cac chat hiiu co da lam cho ham lugng dau md va cac chat lo liing nude sdng Ka Long vugt tieu chuan loai B cua tieu chuan Viet Nam tdi tren lan [1] Ham lugng NH4 vugt tieu chuan cho phep tdi lan, ham lugng BOD5 vugt khoang den 3,5 lan Trong dd, hang sdng Ka Long van la ngudn nude cap cho sinh hoat va san xuat cua dja phuong Khi khao sat nude va tram tich viing cira sdng, chiing tdi nhan thay rang: Nude sdng ciia hai nhanh sdng Ka long va Bac Luan cd ndng tdng hda chat bao ve thue vat cdn thap hon gidi han cho phep nhieu lan nhung d nhanh Bac Luan cd ndng (0,0041 mg/1) cao hon so vdi nhanh Ka Long (0,0004mg/l) den 10 Ian; ndng tdng hda chat bao ve thue vat tram tich d bai tam Tra Cd (12,8 Dg/kg ciing cao hon khoang 1,2 lan so vdi gia tri tmng binh d Mien Bac Viet Nam (I0,8Cg/kg Phai chang nhiing dau hieu chiing td cd su lien quan tdi d nhiem xuyen bien gidi (?) 4.3 Bien gi&i Viet Nam - Trung Quoc Dudng bien gidi tren dat lien Viet Nam - Tmng Quoc theo Cdng udc hoach djnh bien gidi 26-6-1887 va Cdng udc bd sung Cdng udc hoach djnh bien gidi 20-6-1895 ky ket giiia Phap va nha Thanh (Trung Qude) cimg vdi cac bien ban va ban dd kem theo la cac van ban phap ly dau tien xac dinh bien gidi giiia Viet Nam va Trung Qude dang tdn tai den [7] Trong hon 100 nam qua ke tir cac Cdng udc Phap - Thanh dugc ky ket, dudng bien gidi giiia hai nude da trai qua nhieu bien ddi tren thue dia thdi tiet khdc nghiet va bien ddng ve chinh trj - xa hdi d mdi nude Ciing vdi thdi gian, nhieu mdc da bj hu hdng, tham chi bj mat, mdt sd mdc bi xe djch Viec hoach djnh bien gidi giiia Phap va nha Thanh vdi phuong tien ky thuat va dieu kien han che liic dd nen ldi van hai Cdng udc va Ban kem theo khdng md ta dugc day du, rd rang, chinh xae dudng bien gidi Cac cdt mdc bien gidi dugc cam tir cudi the ky XIX khdng dugc xac djnh bang ludi tga Nhieu manh ban dd gdc ciing khdng cdn, gay nhieu khd khan cho cdng tac phan gidi cam mdc Tai nhilu khu vuc tren dudng bien gidi da xay sir chuyen djch dan cu khdng phii hgp vdi dudng bien gidi phap ly Vi cac ly tren, tranh chap cang thang d cac khu vuc bien gidi dien kha phd biin nhieu nam Xuat phat tir tinh hinh thue te va de xay dung mdt dudng bien gidi hda binh, 154 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10/2010 hiru nghj va dn dinh lau dai, tir nhiing nam 70 ciia the ky XX, hai nude da thda thuan dam phan, ky kit Hiep udc bien gidi tren ddt liin mdi thay cho cac Cdng udc Phap - Thanh va sau dd tien hanh phan gidi, cdm mdc tren thirc dja Til nam 1974 din 1979, Viet Nam va Trung Qude da ba lan tien hanh dam phan ve bien gidi lanh thd, nhung khdng dat dugc ket qua hai ben cd lap tmdng, (juan diem khac xa Sau binh thudng hda quan he, tir thang 10 nam 1992, hai ben tien hanh dam phan lan thii tu ve bien gidi lanh thd Thang 10 nam 1993, hai ben da dat dugc Thda thuan ve nhurng nguyen tac co ban giai quyet van de bien gidi lanh thd giira Viet Nam - Tmng Qude, ddng y lay cac Cdng udc Phap - Thanh 1887 va 1895 ciing cac van kien, ban dd hoach djnh, cam mdc bien gidi kem theo lam can cii de xac dinh lai dudng bien gidi Viet - Tmng; cac khu dan cu hai ben da sinh sdng lau ddi thi tri cudc sdng dn dinh ciia dan cu; ddi vdi nhirng doan bien gidi sdng sudi thi giai quyet theo nguyen—«, tac ciia luat phap va thirc tien qude te ; * Ngay 30-12-1999 tai Ha Ndi, Hiep udc vl bien gidi tren dat lien Viet Nam - Tmng Qude (ggi tat la Hiep udc 1999) dugc ky ket, dat nen tang' quan cho viec xay dung dudng bien gidi hda binh, hiru nghi va dn dinh lau dai giiia hai nude Hiep udc 1999 da ghi nhan khu vuc ciia sdng Bac Luan (ban dinh kem Hiep udc chi the hien nef dirt) Hai ben thoa thuan se giai quyet cac khu vuc qua trinh phan gidi cam mdc Ngay sau •kin ,, + lant ngr > a en 0) 00 (A S t/1 o o ural :bre t/: (^ Q Q r-i ro •^ v-i o < < (N r*-) < < T3 c _C •X ^ _; U • ^ W-, vO r-: dc < < < < < "ra rassplot alt pan I '5 Mangrove arbour a CD niestone are land + eo round-ll in res •a cul rial ^ rea or ons tru o Ci s g O O O 3 C) O o 3 O O O g O ci O O o C 8 o O ffi O O ri rl O O O O O" g 8 Ci O Ci O o Ci Ci 8 o O 8 O O o 8 g S o g o 8 O n o 8 O S O O 3 o o S! g Ci c O PI 8 s 8 C5 S ro 3 2; c C O o CJ O c ^ 8 s O ^ C O C M O r- ro 8 - s Ci O O C O S rj g n-1 u - a 8 PI : O o S - 8 O ; O s 8 8 g z o* O' g s ; O TT ~ ; ri 18 O" O* #, S ^ o o" OO O O ON s 8 O O r- s rl § 8o O8 O8 § ? o o o ^ s CJ Z S : s O z O 8 : O 8 O < rl o O rt ^0' O O "a o O < ri O o < s gã^ ô ?; < < O O § ri z c S O ci o S 8 C! ^ § § 159 § d o d d d o d d d o d o o d g ^ vC 00 8 R d d d ã^ ri c pi Đ 8 Pi o a d Si s § 8 8 o d ro ro R 8 8 d 8 d d d o d d a ^ R o OO O d s i ro ri G d ro OC ro 8 d ri d g g d d d d d ^ ^ d rJ g g 8 S d d d d d g 3i s ro oo d d ro oc oc i d Pi cs 3 o g R d d S ;« d 3 S R d 8 g d rt ri iQ d OC d ro d Q ro 8 8 8 s R d d ro ri ro rj >n od d 8 8 si d c g s 8 g g i g d d d g d ro d St o g S s 8 § 8 d d d d 3 oc d d d § rj d g g 8 8 8 8 8 >< g g g PI g 8 d d S d d d d d d d O d d d d d d OO d ri 8 ^ d d o d d 8 g 8 8 ^ O d i g g g g 8 8 8 Si g d d g d 2; d d £ s 8 8 8 8 00 - = = = d d o d a - d S 8 8 8 8 §] ;>, - 8 8 8 g ^ 8 8 g d § § r 181.80 - 0(0 - 8 8 8 g s a s g § d g r (X)0 P 8 f - >; r = 1(00 = = S 0(0 ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1 Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien d rsl »n in o g g ^ 8 8 d d d d d oc oc ro 8 g 8 d d fS d 8 d d 'n d E 03 P d 8 8 8 d d d d d g H PI 8 S dg 8 3 g d8 d d d d d 8 8 8 8 8 8 03 3 8 8 8 8 o d rj CQ ;« ^ d Pi 00 g d d d ? 8 8 8 g s o 03 C d d d d d d d d d R Si 8 8 UO oo s d s oo ro r- d d c d d d a 8 ^ ri c d d ri iri i5 o d ?1 Pi ri w d § d O g X s 8 ro d d d d d d s d d d d Pi d CN rr d ri d d d r- § d d d 8 8 d C :5 rj 8 g g d O d rj o d 8 8 d d d d d d d g d d o d d d d d g 8 g 8 8 d d W-) d d d O d d 8 8 g d P! d 5, d d d d d 8 Pi 8 d d rl ^ § R 8 d ^ d d d d d d o d d d ro SO OC i IT) S8 Q rj ro § 8 8 d d d d d d d 8 d d d R R 8 d ro ro s S S o d d s § S o od rl S WO i^ g d ^ Si 8 8 8 d p; d g 8 Pi 8 8 * -T m d d d rl d d d s d Si s s f d O X d g d d ri 8 8 d d in E o d o d d o W-) 8 8 d s 8 d GO d 8 8 8 3 d d g 8 8 8 g 8 8 ro d d R g Si d s g S g 8 S Si a d d rO rj ro d d WO o s ^ d g 8 8 d 8 ^ d S Si §8 S 8 (6 d Pi a d § 8 s a P: d 8 8 8 8 rr 8 8 8 d d S >< d d d B s c 8 s ^ ro d d d d o d d s d d s rl O EC rn 23 £ 00 O; § a S § i § d o CD OJ r^ CD m CD rsl OJ m r-i 03 T r~j rsl Q „^ (N m 03 CQ m c alt pan ne row arbour ar CD Q O CJ QJ Vi T) C O a o TJ a- OJ ngare o — CD C/3 a X r-j r-4 CQ j=: 03 O > H -J •3- yr\ \o r^ oo 03 CQ CQ CQ CQ Tf ir^ >o r^ 00 CD CD CD m m tone exp o^ u plants •a c + _o dai flatw T3 o strial t ree rops < 00 Spar sely planted forest aj > + Plan ted forest + natural fo u-^ ege ables OJ Densely planted forest O CQ rass _J CNI pon irport ar u r^l CQ Man groves inside aquacul round-fi in for are and rban are 00 O cc getab o actories OJ acul CQ rice crops o ens natur quacu Itur pon c Wate surfa ves o ense ma -a Spar se mangroves outside Rura area ush River, lake, sea ForeSt on limestone moun ara 3UJ o Z Two rice crops Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 nam Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010 •n c o a Vi u O '^ u P n c o •a Vi o VI K _ Vi Ov CD 161 ... nghe Biin ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1 Dac diem thuy van viing cua song Sdng Ka Long chay tir thugng ngudn ve den phudng Ka long thi phan hai nhanh Mot nhanh chay ve hudng ddng qua cira khau Mdng... luu lugng tmng binh ciia sdng Ka Long dat 55,6 m7s, Idn nhat 4.090 m7s va nhd nhdt 3,5 mVs Theo cac sd lieu mdi day (CEETIA, 1999), luu lugng Idn nhat ciia sdng Ka Long vl miia lii (thang - ) dat... sdng Ka Long la che toan nhat, mdi thang cd ky nude cudng va ky nude kem Muc nude tmng binh 2,35m (cao nhat nude ta) Sdng bien tac ddng vao viing bd bien Mdng Cai va viing cira sdng Ka Long theo