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VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM CAC NOI DUNG CAN DE CAP TRONG DANH GIA TAC DONG MOI TRUONG CAC DU AN X \Y DUNG SAN GOLF 6 VIET NAM Lini Thi Thao'''' SUMMARY /// recent years, golf c[.]
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM CAC NOI DUNG CAN DE CAP TRONG DANH GIA TAC DONG MOI TRUONG CAC DU AN X.\Y DUNG SAN GOLF VIET NAM Lini Thi Thao' SUMMARY /// recent years, golf courses have been developed rapidly and widely hi Vietnam Before the I lelnain golf course development master plan have approved on 26 Nov, 2010 144 golf course projects were approved or considered for approval According to the plan, up lo 2020 Vietnam will have 89 golf courses Together with benefits that golf courses can bring such as the creation of nice landscapes, contribution for the development of local economy and tourism and services, creation of jobs and increase of state incomes, the developments of golf courses are causing many environmental impacts Based on study on and analisis of potential impacts of golf course developments, legal and technical aspects of environmental impact assessment for golf course developments, the author propose some remarks on Environmental Impact Assessment for golf course developments with the hope to contribute lo the environmenlal inanageineni of golf course developments in Vietnam D.4T \AN DE Trong nhung nam gan day, cac du an siin gdn dang dugc phiit trien mot each nhanh chdng va rdng rai tren loan lanh thd Viet Nam Trude Quy hoach san golf Viet Nam dugc phe duyet vao 26 thang 1 niim 2010, ca nude da cd tdi 144 du an san golf da dugc cap phep hoac cd chii truo'ng cho phep nghien ciru thuc hien Theo qu_\' hoach siin golf Viet Nam din nam 2020, ca nude se cd 89 san golf Ben canh nhung mat tich cue nhu tao canh quan mdi trudng, gdp phan thiic day phiit trien kinh te, du Ijch, the thao, djch vu ciia ciie dja phuong; tao vice lam va tiing thu ngcin Scich nha nude, san golf cung la iugt nhirng tac nhiin giiy d nhiem moi trudng Cac tac ddng mdi trudng cua cac du an san golf thudng lien quan den viec chiem dung nhieu dat dai lam du an, tham chi lin sang ca dit diing cho cac miic dich sir dung khac, viec su dung hda chat quii trinh xay dung va boat ddng ciia cac du an san golf, va viec su dung mdl lugng nude Idn dl tudi cd, v.v Mac dii Ciic du an siin golf 18 lo trd len nim danh muc cac du an phai hip bao cao danh gia tiic ddng mdi trudng, nbung tren thuc te, viec phat triin san golf thdi gian qua van chua chii trgng din vin dl mdi trudng Trong khudn khd dl an hgp lac \4et Bi "Tang cudng nang lire quan ly mdi trudng d Viet Nam", sd tay hudng dan danh gia tiic ddng mdi trudng ciing da dugc soan thiio cho ciic du iin phat triin du Ijch nhien nhung luu y dac biet ebo cac du iin san golf chua dugc dl cap Vien Dia Ly Vien KH & CN Viet Na am 698 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc; idn th&5- Hd Ngi 2010 VIEW DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI isfA LY VIET HAM Dua tren viec tim hieu vii phiin tich cac tac ddng mdi trudng tiern tiing ciia ciic du im Xiiy dirng siin golf, bien trang nidi trirdng ciia ciie siin golf, ciic yen ciiu phap ly vii ky ihuiit diinh giii liic ddng nidi trudng ciic du an siin golf hien nay, tiic giii de xuiit mdl sd kien nghj cho cdng liic danh gia lac dgng mdi trudng ciic du an san golf vdi by vgiig ddng gdp cho cdng liic quim ly mdi trudng ciic du iin san golf d Viet Nam \ TAG DONG MOI TRUOTMG CUA CAC DLf AN SAN GOLF LL Cac lac (long moi trudng tiem tang ciia cac dir an san golf / / / Tiic dgng tich cue Ciic dir an siin golfed the mang lai Igi ich thiet thuc clio cdng ddng vii ddng gdp cho xii hdi neu nd dugc thuc hien dimg hudng Vice cai tao nhiing viing diil bd hoang khdng canh lac hoiic nhung vimg diit khd can de phat trien cac siin golf se kim thay ddi ciinh quan tu nhien vii mdi trudng sdng, tao mot loai hinh du Ijch hiip dim la mdn the thao golf, diip ung nhu ciiu du Ijch hudng ve thicn nhien, du Iich giin vdi thieii nhien hoac dua viio thien nhien Siin golf vira lii siin pham kinh doanh du Ijch, viia lii mdl nhung ddng kre phat trien du Ijch sinh thai van boa ddi vdi nbii'ng vimg, khu vuc tiii nguyen thien nhien cd canh quan hap diin vii da dang 1.1.2 Tdc d()ng tieu cue Vice phiit triin cac du an siin golf mot ciich d at, thieu mlng luc va kinh nghiem quan ly se giiy nhfrng Uie ddng mdi trudng riil Idn Tiie ddng mdi trudng ciia mot di.r an ndi chung thuinig dugc xem xet qua hai giai doan; giai doan quy hoach vii cluiiin bj dja diem, giai doan di^r an di vao boat ddng Cac tcic ddng tiim tiing chii ylu ciia du im xiiy dung siin golf giai doan quy hoach vii chuin bj dja dilm bao gdm viec giiy nhiing miiu thuan xao Iron viec su dung quy dit, phii hiiy ciic vimg dit ngiip nude va c.ic khu vi^rc nhay cam ve mdi trudng khiic, lam anh hudng din cac khu vii'c cd tim quan trgng ve viin hda, Ijch sir, khiio cd; tac ddng din ciic be sinh thiii khu vuc, cliing ban nhu ddi sdng ciia thirc viit va noi sinh song ciia ddng viit hoang dii; lam thay ddi dja hinh va ldp phii thuc vat, giiy xdi mdn dit vii d nhiim mdi trudng nude dao bdi ciit dai va sir xdi mdn qua trinh xiiy dirng siin golf, v.v Cac tac ddng tiim tang chii ylu ciia du an xay dung san golf giai doan dir im di viio boat ddng bao gom nguy eo d nhiim mdi trudng khdng kbi, d nhiem mdi trudng nu'dc va suy kiet nguon nude ngam, iinh hudng den mdi trudng tu nhien, ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi vii sire khde cua ngirdi Ciic so lieu nghien eu'u tren the gidi cho thay, trung binh moi niim, mot siin golf 18 lo sir dung khoang 1,5 tan hda chit (cao gap lan so vdi cimg dien tich dit ndng nghiep) Trong dd, cd cac chat nbu axit silic, dxit nhdm vii dxit sit (tac nhan gay ung thu), chit xiic tac liun cimg dit de gia cd nIn vii bd cac hd nhan tao d siin golf cd sir dung Acrylamide la chit cue ddc ddi vdi sinh viit vii ngudi 4'it ca cac loai hda chit cd thi ngim xudng dit, viio nude ngim giiy d nhiem ngudn nude ngim, dong thdi cd thi chay Iran mua se dua den Ciic viing dat nude mat liin ciin, giiy nen trinh trang d nhiem mdi trudng nude mat Ngudi diing nude, ndng sim cd thi bi nhiim clgc vii roi loan chirc niing he thin kinh trung uong Ngoai kbi phun hda chat viio cac thiim cd, mot pbin chiing ph.it tiin vao mdi trudng liim nhiem Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc idn th&S - Hd Ngi 201O 899 VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCH VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM khdiu: C ung N di nguon phiii thai d nhiem kha manh san gotl ddi hoi mdl loai cd dac biet khdng chju dugc img nen ngudi ta phai thuc bien lieu thoat nude lien luc Trunc hinh mdl siin golf 36 Id mdi ngiiy can diing den khoang 0.000 m3 nude Phuc vu nhu cau nii> cac nuiy bom cdng suiit Idn dirge hu\ ddng limi \ ice Idi da ca ngiu kui dcMTi liiiv tinh triiiui lui giiim nueic ngiim o Ciic khu \ uc lien ke, dac biel hi o iiluing noi dang thilu nude (nguon: "ThienNhien.Net", 07-10-2007) L2.Thuc trang nidi trudng cac du an s a n golf d Vict Nam 1.2.1 Tdc ddng lieh cue Nhu tren dii dl ciip, neu du iin siin golf dugc xiiy dung vii quiiii ly mdl ciicli dimg din ihi nd cd Ihl dem lai nhung Igi ich kinh te - xa hdi va nidi trudng ciiiih quan \\\\ nhien Igi ich kinh tc - xii hdi cua ciic siin golf d Viet Nam chua dugc ghi nhiin mdl each drum ke \ii loiin dien pluin Idn cac siin golf mdi bat diiu di \ iio liotit ddng llien na\ sd nmrdi clioi golf d Viet Nam vao khoiing nghin ngiriii sd dd cd khoimg nghin niiudi choi thudng xuyen Ngudi Viet Nam chicm khoiing 10% sd ngudi clioi (Minh Hanh 2009) Viec kinh doanh sfni golf phiin nhieu lii thua Id beo Tdng Ihu ky Hiep Flgi Golf Vict Nam Nguyen Nggc Chu "Biin thiin sfm golf kbdng mang liii cho iihii diiu tu nhilu lgi nhuiin 44en thu tir khach danh golf va ciic djcb vu lien quan ndi cluing chi dii trang triii chi phi boat ddng" (Floimg Huy, 2009) 1.2.2 Tdc dCmg lieu cue Viec phat trien xtiy dung d al cac siin golf hien uii giiy nen ciic liic ddng moi trudng dc nhan Ihiiy a Giai dogn quy hogch vd chuun bi dia diem - Xiiy dung sfm golf tdn nhieu diit dai, liin chiem sang diil ndng nghiep Irdng xii diil khiic Tac ddng true licp eiia vice pliiil Iricii d al cac dir an siin golf la vice liin chiem riit nhieu diit dai, diic biel lii diit trdng Theo thdng ke eiia i3d Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, \ ira qua Vict Nam dii ciip phep hoac dang xem xet de ciip phep cho khoiing 140 du iin Still golf vii du iin siin golf cd biit ddng san tren 38 tinh thiinb cii nude, ii'ung binh mdi dir an san golf chicm khoang 203 diit, tu tdi thilu ki 100 den \iii tram diit Nhieu du im siin golf lay vao dit canh tiic cua tu 000 din 10 000 luing diin hoac dien lieh diil canh t;ic ciia mdl xii 44ieo PCS Le Kilu, mdl dilu diing chii y la "pluin Idn san golf d Vict Nam kbdng xay tren cac doi eat ven biln hay cac nggn ddi can coi khdng canh Uic dugc nui tga lac tai nhung khu vuc nhilu nude, dit tdt vii ciinh quan dcp" (www.phapluattp.vn) Ngoiii diit trdng kia, vice xiiy dung san golf cdn lin sang ca dat sir dung cho nhiing muc dich kluie Du im Khu du Iich qudc le cao cip Tan Vien Cdng ty cd pluin Dich \u cao ciip diiu Viet Nam liim chii diu tu neu dugc triin khai sc thu hoi hon lOOha dcil cua Tram Nghien eiiii vii san xuit linh bd ddng lanh Mdn-ca-da - Irai tinh bd gidng dat chuiin quoc tl nhii d Viet Nam (Vii Duy, 2009) Viec pha rirng de trien khai du an siin Golf; nbu dir cin sfm Golf hd Dong Tiim (buyen Lac Thuy - Hoa Binh) dang tam dinh chi chat phii gin 3ha rirnsi phdnsj hd va Ccic vi pham phap luat Kiiac \e 1x10 ve mdi trudng, dii tiio nen ciic lo hdng ebo rung phdng hd diiu ngudn dan den hi hit nja if,„„ ^y,.>„^ Quylt, 2009) .900 Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Toan quoc idn tli&5- Hd Ngi, 2010 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI D L \ LY VIET NAM nhien Ccic dii cin sim golf kbdng chi lii dc" xiiy dirng ciic siin golf, liieo Giiio su i d n (iia lliiyCMi, Hgi Khoa hgc Diit Viet Nam dcil dimg kim Scin golf thuc su chiem tv le tluip ciic dir iin siiii golf fai 76 dir im dii vii dang trien khai, chi cd 13 du an tluiiin Scin golf cdn lai hi ciic tlir iin kinh doanb bat ddng siin cd siin golf iMhieu dir iin ehl su dung 30% diil liim sfm golf, dien tich cdn liii dugc sir dimg de xiiy dung cac cong Irinh kinh doanh djch vu thuong luiii biel lliii kliiicb siiii, du Ijch sinh tluii, cdng vien Cii) xanh, \iii choi giiii tri (Quang Minh 2009) - Tiic ddng den mdi trudng tii nhien vii canh quan Viec Xiiy dung siin golf d ciic viing ddi mii trung du cd nguy co liin chiem diil rirng diit rirng pbdng hd, noi sinh sdng eiia ddng vat hoang da, tac ddng den ciic he sinh tluii khu vuc, v.v Vice phii di ldp phu thirc Veil de xiiy dung siin golfed the giiy xdi mdn, trugl Id diil, ki kit, thay ddi ddc Ui nhien vii muc nude ngiim; ciiu triic diit Iro' nen yen Vci dc bi plui buy mua, ki kit vii ddng diit - I lie ddng den ciic khu virc cd liim quan trgng ve viin hda Ijch su, khiio cd Viec Xiiy dung ciic siin golf cdn cd the liun anh hudng diin cac khu vuc cd liim quan Irgng ve v 14 \'u Duy, 2009 ^vww.kinhtenongthon.com.vn Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn quoc idn tli&5 - Hd Ngi, 2010 ... VIET NAM HOI D L \ LY VIET NAM nhien Ccic dii cin sim golf kbdng chi lii dc" xiiy dirng ciic siin golf, liieo Giiio su i d n (iia lliiyCMi, Hgi Khoa hgc Diit Viet Nam dcil dimg kim Scin golf. .. an xay dung san golf tir 18 Id trd len Cudi nam 2004, Bd Tcii nguyen va Mdi trudng da td chirc hdi nghj tdng ket 10 nam thuc hien cdng tiie danh gia mdi trudng d nude ta Trong khoang 10 nam kl... hoach siin golf? Du iin siin golfed sir dung diil tliudc qii) hoach Xciy dirng khu cdng nghiep, khu dd thj, diil rirng (dac biet lii rirng phdng hd vii rirng dcie dung) de xiiy dung san golf lia''