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i Nghien ciJu & Trao doi KHAO SAT SINH THAI PHUC VU DANH GIA TAC D O N G MOI TRl/OfNG DU'''' AN XAY D U N G GANG QUOC TE CAI MEP THI VAI U''''y PGS TS Tran Thuc'''', TS Nguyen Kien Dung^ PGS TS Nguyen Van Than[.]
i Nghien ciJu & Trao doi KHAO SAT SINH THAI PHUC VU DANH GIA TAC D O N G MOI TRl/OfNG DU' AN XAY D U N G GANG QUOC TE CAI MEP - THI VAI PGS.TS Tran Thuc', TS Nguyen Kien Dung^ PGS.TS Nguyen Van Thanh^ KS Lang Van Ken^ TS Pham Dinh Trong^ TS Nguyin Kiem Stfn^ 'Vien Khoa Khi tffdng Thiiy van va Mdi trffdng, ^Trung tam l?ng dung Cdng nghe tffdng thiiy van, ^Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi trffdng Bien Hai Phdng, '^Vien Sinh thai va Tai nguyen Sinh vat U'y ;-i! ;i 5a/ bdo neu khdi qudt muc tieu, ndi dung, ket qud khao sdt sinh thdi vd tdi nguyen sinh vat phuc vu cho ddnh gid tdc ddng mdi trUdng xdy dUng cdng qud'c teCdi Mep - Thi Vdi, kien nghi ve vi tri thdi thUc Men nao vet tgi khu vUc ndy LMofdau Trong ke' hoach phat trien kinh te' - xa hoi ciia tam giac kinh te' Ba Ria - Vung Tau - TP Ho Chi Minh - Ddng Nai, viec md rong cac cum cang bien, cang hang khdng la mot ndi dung quan va ca'p thie't Khi cum cang Sai Gdn da trd nen qua tai ma viec md rong va nang ca'p gap nhieu khd khan thi viec md them cac cang qud'c te nhff cum cang Cai Mep - Thi Vai nham chia se bdt khdi Iffdng hang boa, tie'n tdi thay the" cum cang Sai Gdn la dieu hdp ly nha't Can cff Luat Bao ve mdi trffdng cua Viet Nam va yeu cau cua nha tai trd la Ngan hang Hdp tac Qud'c te Nhat Ban (JBIC), Ban Quan ly dff an 85, Bo Giao thdng van tai da lap Bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trffdng dff an xay dffng cang qud'c td Cai Mep - Thi Vai Vien Khoa hoc Khi tffdng Thuy van va Mdi trffdng, Tff van mdi trffdng chinh, da phdi hdp vdi Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi trffdng Bien Hai Phdng, Vien Sinh thai va Tai nguyen Sinh vat tie'n hanh hai chuyen khao sat mdi trffdng khu vffc dff kien xay dffng cdng trinh va thai bun nao vet ludng tau ngoai khdi Vinh Ghenh Rai vao thang va thang nam 2004 nham bd sung sd' heu can thiet cho Bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trffdng Khao sat sinh thai va tai nguyen sinh vat tai cac diem duf kien thai biin ngo vet a Dia diem vd thdi gian khao sdt < >" y , -^^rS-i tsiS^'^ 4\' / ' / \ - ' ' ; / • * • • • ' - ^ ^ ^ Hinh Sddo vi tri khao sdt ]MgL di phan bien: ThS Nguyin Van Tue Tap chi Khi tu'o'ng Thuy van * Thang 1/2008 17 Nghien cufu & Trao doi Trong cdng tac xay dffng va boat ddng cua cang tffdng lai, thi viec dd thai bun cat nao vet bien se anh hffdng trffc tiep den khu he dong vat day tai khu vffc dd thai Vi vay, da tien hanh lffa chon va khao sat hien trang sinh vat tai diem dff kien dd thai (hinh 1) Khao sat da dffdc thffc bien ddt: Ddt I bat dau tff 27/01 den 22/02/2004, ddt II bat dau tff 2/5 de'n 20/5/2004 * Cac m§u thu bang cud'c Thanh phan loai: Ke't qua phan tich cac mlu thu bang cud'c ddt I da phat hien dffdc 32 loai va nhdm loai ddng vat day nhd Trong dd bao gdm 10 loai va nhdm loai giun nhieu td (Polychaeta), 19 loai va nhdm loai than mem, loai da gai va 01 loai giap xac Ddt II phat hien dffdc it hdn, chi cd 15 loai, dd nhdm Giun nhieu td lai Ngoai viec thu mau bang cud'c, tai cac diem phong phu hdn, 13 loai, cdn lai la Giap xac cd tiem nang dd thai da td chffc keo Iffdi gia loai va Da gai - loai Tdng so da thd'ng ke tdm Lffdi cd dai 25m, mieng Iffdi rong dffdc 39 loai ddng vat day nhd, bao gdm 18 m, cao 0,8 m, mat lffdi gan mieng cd kich loai Giun nhieu td, 16 loai Than mem, loai thffdc X cm va nhd dan tdi day, x cm Giap xac va loai Da gai Do dai keo lffdi tai moi diem la hai ly (1,8 * Sinh vat Iffdng: km), td'c keo lffdi khoang 2,7 km/gid Diem khao sat va keo lffdi dffdc xac dinh toa san Ve sinh khdi, da tinh toan cho cac diem thu tren hai va kiem tra bang may dinh vi ve m§u, ket qua cho tha'y, sinh khdi dong vat day tinh SP24 Phap san xua't Do sau tai cac nhd ddt I dao ddng giffa cac tram khoang diem khao sat dffdc xac dinh bang may sau 800 de^n 2150 mg/m^, sinh khdi cua tram cao bdi am Lawrence MSU thu dffdc bang lffdi gia nha't (bang 1) Sinh Iffdng dao ddng bao gdm ca, ddng vat day Idn nhff tdm, cua, khoang 58 de'n 250 con/m^ va cao nha't cQng la than mem, mffc va bach tuoc Cac nhdm sinh tram Sinh khdi ddng vat day nhd ddt II dao vat tren cQng dffdc phan loai tff tren tau, ddng khoang tff de^n 4150 mg/m^, sinh dffdc ffdp da bao quan de phan tich sau Mau khdi cua tram cao nhat (Bang 1) Sinh Iffdng vat dffdc chup anh bang may anh ky thuat sd dao dong khoang 25 den 217 con/m^ va Olympus C5050 5.0 Mega pixel cao nha't la tram Dang chu y la ddt II tai tram I da khdng thu dffdc ddng vat day nhd b Kelt qud khao sdt Cd the vat cha't day chu ye'u la cat, khdng Dong vat ddy thich hdp cho ddng vat day nhd phat trien Bang Sinh vdt lUdng dgng vat ddy nhd tai cdc tram khao sdt Tram DcJtl Deft II Ddt I Deft II 800,0 83 1033,3 4150,0 125 217 841,7 1050,0 133 50 2150,0 825,0 250 75 885,0 291,7 58 25 Trung binh 1142,0 1263,3 150 73 Cdc mdu keo ludi Thanh phan loai: Cac ke't qua phan tich mlu keo lffdi ddt I da 18 Sinh lUcfng (con/m^) Sinh khoi (mg/m^) phat hien dffdc 28 loai va nhdm loai ddng vat day Idn (Macrozoobenthos), bao gdm 23 loai Giap xac, loai dc va loai Idp Chan dau; ddt Tap chi Khi ttfi/ng Thuy van * Thang 1/2008 ^ Nghidn cifu & Trao doi II da phat hien dtfdc 41 loai va nhdm loai, bao gdm 32 loai Giap xac, loai Than mem Tong sd'ciia ddt da thd'ng ke du'dc 64 loai sinh vat day Idn, bao gdm 11 loai Than mem va 53 loai giap xac * Sinh vat Iffcfng: Sinh khd'i va sinh Iffdng cua me lffdi dffdc the hien tren bang Sinh khd'i me lffdi cua ddt I (mua khd) dao ddng khoang 731 4079 gam/me, cao nha't la tram 3, hdn 4,1 kg, tiep de^n la tram - 2,5 kg va cac tram khac Sinh Iffdng dao ddng khoang 45 - 379 con/me Sinh khd'i va sinh Iffdng me lffdi ddt II (mua mffa) dao ddng khoang 1295 - 6103 gam/me, cao nha't la tram 3, hdn kg, tiep den la tram - 3,2 kg va cac tram khac Sinh Iffdng dao ddng khoang 105 - 694 con/me Cao nha't la tram vdi 694 con/me, sau dd la tram - 394 con/me va cac tram khac Trong dd vai trd Idn nha't ludn thuoc nhdm Giap xac, sau la nhdm Than mem vdi phan Idp Chan dau (Cephalopoda) giff vai trd chu dao Bang Sinh vat liidng cua cdc me liidi Iram Trung binh Sinh khoi (g/mc lifdi) Dc!tl Deft II 3202,0 1079,5 3100,5 1050,3 2874,5 4079,1 6103,2 2523,7 830,7 1294,9 3315,0 1096,8 Thd'ng ke sd' heu cho tha'y cd khoang 10 loai cd gia tri kinh te' cao Tuy nhien chi cd - loai cd sinh vat Iffdng dang ke Tren cd sd cac chi tieu ve lffa chon "sinh vat chi thi" ma nhdm tff van cua dff an dat ra, mot so loai cd gia tri kinh te hoac sd Iffdng Idn da dffdc lffa chon de nghien cffu dac diem sinh hoc bao gdm Iffdng va kich thffdc ca the Khdng phat hien thay ca the nao mang trffng d cac giai doan khac Cd Men 1) Ke't qua phdng van dieu tra ngudn Idi ca ven sdng Thi Vai - Cai Mep So heu phdng van ve phan loai ca bien dffdc thffc hien tai mot sd' diem lffa chon doc theo bd sdng Thi Vai - Cai Mep cho tha'y, phan loai ca d khu vffc cffa sdng Thi Vai va Cai Mep dao ddng khoang 70 loai (sdng Cai Mep) de'n 72 loai (sdng Thi Vai) Thanh phan loai ca cd cac ao nudi quang canh xen ke vdi rffng ngap man la 11-17 loai Sinh Itfffng (con/mc lifcti) BOtll Dcitl 45 394 57 311 355 330 694 379 105 93 372,6 181 Cu the, cac ao nudi tdm su gan sdng Thi Vai cd 11 loai ca; cac ao nudi tdm gan sdng Cai Mep cd tff 12 -17 loai ca (bang 3) Bdn loai ca cac ao nudi quang canh cd gia tri kinh te' la ca dd'i (Mugil cephalus, Mugil engeli), ca rd phi (Oreochromis mossambicus ) va ca mu vach (Epinephelus amblycephalus) So sanh vdi phan loai ca phat hien dffdc nam 1995 d khu vffc cho tha'y hau nhff khdng cd sff khac biet rd ret (62 loai so vdi 7072 loai), nhien san Iffdng danh bat bi giam sut tdi 60-70% Sff suy giam ve ngudn Idi ca cd the hen quan tdi viec khai thac qua mffc va sff suy thoai ve chat Iffdng mdi trffdng nffdc lien quan tdi ngudn nffdc thai cdng nghiep tff khu cdng nghiep Bien Hoa - Ddng Nai dac biet la tff nha may hot ngot VEDAN Tff bang cho tha'y rang sif da dang sinh hoc ve phan loai ca vSn tffdng dd'i cao Tuy vay, cac loai thffdng gap thffdng xuat hien cac sdng va cac mffdng din nffdc vao cac ao nudi tdm su, dao ddng ttong khoang 11-17 loai Tap chi Khi tifofng Thuy van * Thang 1/2008 19 Nghien ctfu & Trao doi Bang Thdnh phdn loai cd co sdng vd cdc ao nudi tdm su Song va cac ho nuoi torn Song Thi Vai Song Cai Mep Ao nuoi torn gan song Thi Vai Ao nuoi torn g^n song Cai Mep Ao nuoi t6m cl Phifdc Hcia (a) Ao nuoi torn ct Phu'dc Hoa (b) Thu-W 2) Ket qua danh ca thuT nghi§m bang Iffdi gia dcfn * Thanh phan loai: Cac ke't qua phan tich va thdng ke cho tha'y, trdng ddt khao sat vao mua khd (2/2004) cd phan loai ngheo nan, chi phat bien dffdc 35 loai, ddt khao sat mila mffa cd sd Iffdng loai phong phu hdn, 62 loai * Sinh vat Iffdng: Sinh khd'i cua ca ddt khao sat mua khd tai cac tram dao ddng khoang 365 g de'n 9880 g/me lffdi, cdn ddt (mua mffa) dao dong khoang 828 g (tram 5) de'n 3807 g (d-am 1) So liTdng loai 72 70 11 12 14 17 Sd Iffdng ca the thu dffdc tai mdi tram vao mua khd (2/2004) dao ddng tff 45 - 422, cdn vao miia mffa la 96 (tram 5) - 1151 (tram 3) Tong sinh vat Iffdng ciia cac tram cQng nhff gia tri trung binh ciia chung dffdc the hien tren bang Tren cd sd cac chi tieu ve lffa chon "sinh vat chi thi" ma nhdm tff van ciia dff an dat ra, chung tdi quyet dinh lffa chon nghien cffu dac diem sinh hoc cua 02 loai ca md'i Saurida elongata (Temminck and Schlegel) va Trachynocephalus myops (Forster) Ke't qua thu dffdc cho tha'y chi cd nha't 01 ca the Saurida elongata la cd mang budng trffng d giai doan 1, cac ca the khac chffa phat hien tha'y cd budng trffng Bang Sinh vat lUdng cua cd cdc me liidi Tram Sinh khoi (g/me Ivfdi) Mua kho Mtia mifa 977,0 3807,4 109 318 365,0 3268,0 45 311 MCiakho MCia mrfa 9880,0 2562,2 422 115; 3492,0 2131,3 240 155 1145,0 827,7 66 96 Trung binh 3171,8 Z518,6 176 406 Rd rang la tram ludn cd sd' Iffdng ca the ddng nha't, tie'p de^n la tram 4, cac tram khac cd sff dao dong khac giffa mua Thao luSn va d^ xuat Dffa vao ke't qua khao sat ve sd Iffdng va Iffdng sinh vat day nhd, sinh vat day Idn, ca bien va chi so phat trien ciia budng trffng, chi so da dang sinh hoc (H'), chung tdi da cho 20 Sinh lifcfng (con/me liTdi) diem tff de^n tffdng ffng vdi gia tri ciia chi sd'ciia tffng diem khao sat de lap mot ma tran nham danh gia tac ddng ciia viec dd thai bun nao vet tdi he sinh thai va tai nguyen sinh vat, qua dd xap xe'p vi tri ffu tien cho viec thai bun nao vet qua trinh xay dffng va van hanh cum cang Qud'c te' Cai Mep - Thi Vai Ke't qua nhff sau: tram dffdc 39 diem, tram Tap chi Khi t\i(Jng Thuy van * Thang 1/2008 Jghidn cvtu & Trao d6i dffdc 56 diem; tram dffdc 64 diem; tram dffdc 81 diem va tram dffdc 40 diem (Bang 5) Vi vay xin de xua't sff dung nhffng diem thai theo thff tff ffu tien sau: - - - - Tuy nhien diem thai sd' qua gan bd bien, dd can phai quan tam tdi cac thdng sd va dff heu ve ddng chay trieu Ne'u tdn tai ddng chay trieu d nhffng diem thi viec thai phai dffdc thffc hien ddng chay trieu chay bien Td't nha't la chon diem la ndi dd thai Bang Ma trdn ddnh gid thd tii itu tien cho viec thdi bdn nao vet Dcftl 15 14 27 31 21 Ddt 24 42 37 50 19 Cong diem 39 56 64 81 40 Tram ' Tai Ii$u tham khao Vien Khi tugng Thiiy vdn (2003), Bdo cao ddnh gid tdc dong mdi trUdng du dn xdy dUng cdng qud'c teCdi Mep - Thi Vdi, Hd Ndi Vien Khi tugng Thuy vdn (2004), Bdo cdo khdo sdt bo sung phuc vu ddnh gid tdc ddng mdi trudng du dn xdy dUng cdng qud'c teCdi Mep - Thi Vdi, Hd Ndi Tap chi Khi ttfofng Thuy van * Thang 1/2008 21 ... thd''ng ke du''dc 64 loai sinh vat day Idn, bao gdm 11 loai Than mem va 53 loai giap xac * Sinh vat Iffcfng: Sinh khd''i va sinh Iffdng cua me lffdi dffdc the hien tren bang Sinh khd''i me lffdi cua... khao sat ve sd Iffdng va Iffdng sinh vat day nhd, sinh vat day Idn, ca bien va chi so phat trien ciia budng trffng, chi so da dang sinh hoc (H''), chung tdi da cho 20 Sinh lifcfng (con/me liTdi) diem... la tram 3, hdn 4,1 kg, tiep de^n la tram - 2,5 kg va cac tram khac Sinh Iffdng dao ddng khoang 45 - 379 con/me Sinh khd''i va sinh Iffdng me lffdi ddt II (mua mffa) dao ddng khoang 1295 - 6103