HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN Q U 6 C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THLf BA PHAT TRIEN THUY DIEN GOC NHIN TlT QUAN LY TAI NGUYEN MOI TRU''''OTVG VA XA HOI DAO TRQNG HUNG, NGUYEN HUNG MANH Vien Sinh t[.]
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THLf BA PHAT TRIEN THUY DIEN - GOC NHIN TlT QUAN LY TAI NGUYEN MOI TRU'OTVG VA XA HOI DAO TRQNG HUNG, NGUYEN HUNG MANH Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sinh vgt Vift Nam ddi mdi vi hgi nhip, nhim dip img nhu ciu difn cho phit triln, hom 20 nim qua, mgt loat cac cdng trinh thuy difn da vadang dugc xiy dyng tren hiu hit cac luu vyc sdng chinh ciia ca nude Trong quy hoach phat trien nang lugng, thuy difn vin dugc xic dinh la mot nhumg ngudp ning lugng dugc uu tien diu tu giai doan 2007 - 2015 ciia Viet Nam Din nim 2006 tdng cdng suit lap miy ciia cic nha miy thiiy difn da dat khoang 4 6 M W , tuong duomg difn luang trung tpinh nam khoang 18 ty kwh (chilm 38%> tdng cdng suit cic nguon difn ning) Theo ke hoach, den 2015 nude ta ca ban hoan cac cdng trinh thuy dien Idn vi din 2025 ket thuc xiy dyng cac cdng trinh thuy dien vira va nhd Cac cdng trinh thuy Igi, thuy difn di giii quyet dugc muc tieu sir dung vi dilu tilt nguon nude phuc vy cac nhu cau ciia ngudi Tuy nhien, vifc xiy dyng nhi may thuy difn ciing cd nhieu tic dgng bat lgi anh hudng den mdi trudng va dn dinh dan cu Mac dii dy an thuy difn, nao ciing deu cd phan dinh gii tie dgng mdi trudng (DTM) nhung vin de mdi tmdng mdi chi dugc de cap d miirc chung chung, mang ning tinh hinh thiic, thii tuc mi chua dua dugc nhtrng giii phip cu the Thyc te cdn mgt sd van de tdn tai va niy sinh d cac chuang trinh tii dinh cu thuy dien Yaly, Pleikrdng, A Vuong, Som La Den nhu thuy difn Hoi Binh di dan tai dinh cu da gan 30 nam, mgt sd van de vin chua giai quyet dugc, giy inh budng den dn djnh ddi song dan cu vi bio vf tii nguyen mdi trudng tren luu vyc Vdi bdi cinh xem xet qui trinh quyet dinh, lya chgn vi danh ddi thyc hifn cic dy an, bai bao cd ging dua mgt sd van de ndi cgm xiy dyng thuy difn, thir tim hieu cac nguyen nhan, cac yeu td nao dugc can nhic, trao ddi giti'a cic ben lien quan, gitra cac nhdm lgi ich khic nham muc tieu phit trien ben viimg Khi ban luan ve quyen, lgi ich, trach nhifm, sy tham gia ngd hau cd dugc sy khuyen cio nio dd tdi nhthig nha quyet sich, cic nhi nghien ciiru, tu vin, cgng ddng vi mgi ddi tic lien quan den cic dy in phit trien Du ^n thuy difn - nhieu sy danh ddi chua dugc tinh toan - Phi rimg lim thuy difn: Vi tri xay dyng thuy difn thudng Ii nhtrng vimg thic ghenh, hiem trd, cdn loai hinh rimg giiu va trung binh cdfrtirlugng va chit lugmg gd tdt Vdi mgt cdng trinh thuy dien thudng cd khu vyc mit rimg chinh Ii: 1) kliu vyc thi cdng, bao gdm cdng trinh diu mdi va phu trg- lin trai, bai thii, bai chura, kho, duomg van chuyin; 2) khu vyc Idng ho- vimg ngap vi bin ngap, vi_3) khu vyc tai djnh cu, bao gom ci viing dinh cu, cic cdng frmh ting va khu dinh canh/ khu dit canh tic Difn tich rimg, loai rimg, lugng gd va tai nguyen ngoai go mat di cho cic dy an thuy difn rit khic vi chua cd mgt thdng ke nao that chinh xic, ding tin cay, ke ci tiep can vdi cic bio cio tir CO quan lim nghifp dja phuang Phin cdng bd chinh thdng cd the trich dugc tir cic bio cio DTM, phin Idn la chua sat thyc, dya vao dy in tiln thi, khic xa vdi thyc te thi cdng cdng trinh Nguyen nhan chinh ciia vifc khdng dinh gii dugc chinh xic tai nguyen rimg bi mit ciia mgt cong trinh thuy difn cd thi bit diu tir tinh toan tren ban dd khoanh bao, thieu sd lifu c^p nhat bang phuang phip tin cay dilu tra hifn trudng Dien tich va tai nguyen rirng bi mit cung khdng lien quan din quy md, cdng suit ciia timg cdng trmh, mi chii yeu Ii phu thudc vao hifn trang dja hinh, dilu ma khdng phii dy an thuy difn nao ciing cd sy lya chgn Mgt dy in thuy difn nho, cdng suit thilt ke chi 30-40MW, nhilu lai mit mgt difn tich rimg kha Idn va la rimg tdt 1371 HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THU' BA ma thuy difn Huong Som la mgt vi du- "Thuy difn nhd-hiem hoa Idn, cdng trinh chua thay dau da phi khoing 300 rimg nguyen sinh diu ngudn" (www.thiennhien.net) Theo thiet ke ban dau, thuy difn Huong Son phai chit 105 rimg, nhung thiet kl dugc chinh sira nam 2007 thi phai chat 263 rimg va den 2008 da chat pha hon 300ha rimg (Thuy Bmh, 2008) Dugc biet rang, din cudi nam 2008, vifc xay dyng thuy difn niy chua hoan thinh mgt nira khdi lugng thi cdng, cd thdi gian dimg thi cdng, chua bilt bao gid hoan Phai ching day la mgt vi du dien hinh cho nhtrng "dy in phi rimg mang ten thuy dien" Rd ring, d day la sy danh ddi cac khu rimg nguyen sinh diu nguon liy thuy dien Bao cao DTM ciia thuy difn Huong Son Vien Khoa hgc Thuy Igi diing ten, thing 3-2004 va Bao cio DTM bd sung vio thing 4/2007 Cdng trinh khdi cdng 2004, nhung thyc te viec thi cdng da trien khai tir nam 2002, dy kien hoan 2006, den 2008 vin chua the hoin va tiep tuc xin chuyen ddi muc dich sir dung rimg, vi dudng si sat Id Nhu vay, DTM da chay theo thi cdng! Tinh chinh xac cua bio cao DTM, bang cich nio de giam sit, vi ban thin DTM cung thay ddi mgt each de ding va chay theo yeu cau cua nha dau tii Diy rd rang la cd rit nhieu van de can suy nghT qua frinh dya quyet dinh Thuy difn md dudng vao rimg, tao them sy thuan Igi cho cic ddi tugng, trudc het Ii "lam tic" xam"nhap va tiep tyc riit ruot rimg mgt each am y va lau dai Nguy co chua thay de cap miy, chua cd giai phap de xuat ngan chin cac bao cao DTM cua dy in thuy difn d nude ta Sit^'^ ^>- ,% '^ V ' ' t P K ^ - - '~-l 't "^^ i jO ^ : •a^i^>«.*ft.t