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Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'''' VAN OE SCTA CHLTA CAC CONG TRJNH KHAI THAC DAU KHI BIEN VA CAC KIEN NGHI NHAM N A N G CAO CHAT LLTONG CONG TAC SCTA CHCTA VA TUOI THO C[.]
Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' VAN OE SCTA CHLTA CAC CONG TRJNH KHAI T H A C DAU KHI BIEN VA CAC KIEN NGHI NHAM N A N G CAO CHAT LLTONG CONG T A C SCTA CHCTA V A TUOI THO C O A CONG TRJNH Tran Sy Phiet Dang Ngoc Thieu V6 Xuan Thao XNLD Vietsovpetro TOM T A T Cac cdng trinh bien (gian eo dinh BK, cac thiet bi khai thae khae) ciJa XNLD Vietsovpetro la ea sd tang qua trgng can thiet dau tien de phuc vu cho cdng nghiep tham dd khai thac dau bien a md Bach Ho Chung duge xay dung, tdn tai va lam viec nhung dieu kien thien nhien rat khae nghiet ciia vung nhiet ddi cd cac dac trung thay doi lien tue theo mua nam Cdng tae tu bao duang va sira chUa chung nhSm dam bao dd tin cay cao qua trinh van hanh va khai thac lam tang tuoi tho ciia chung la mdt nhiem vu dac biet quan trgng va phai dugc quan tam thugng xuyen Cdng tac sira chua cae eong tnnh phuc vu tham dd dau bien lai ed nhUng net dac thu rieng so vdi cac cdng trinh bien a cac Unh vuc khae Qua trinh sira chura phai dugc thuc hien dieu kien lam viee lien tuc ciia Chung, khdng gian va thai gian sira chua ludn bi gigi han eo hep va dieu kien phai dam bao an toan phdng chdng su cd chay no rat khat khe Bao cao trinh bay viec danh gia thuc trang edng tac sira chWa cae cdng trinh bien eiia XNLD Vietsovpetro nam ketir 1994 den va cae kien nghi nham hoan thien qua trinh siia chira, nang cao tin cay va tuoi thg ciia chung D A N H G I A THL/C TRANG CONG T A C SLTA CHCTA CONG TRJNH BIEN TRONG N A M QUA TL/ 1994 DEN NAY Trong nam qua bang Igc lugng cua ehinh minh (XNXL, XNKT) va ket hgp v d eae Igc lugng eua eae nha thau va ngoai nganh (PVECC, Vietgas, Shiplacom, Shipyard Vung Tau, v.v ), XNLD Vietsovpetro da thgc hien mdt khd'i lugng to Idn va lien tuc cdng tae tu bao duang va sda chua cac cdng trinh bien (Bang 1) Nhd dd, da khae phue ca ban va kjp thdi cae hu hdng eua cac gian (ke ea cac sg ed xay qua trinh khai thac), tri sg lam viee lien tue va dam bao an toan cua cac gian qua trinh khoan va khai thae d i u khi, gdp phin dang ke vao viee hoan va hoan vugt muc ke hoach khai thae dau cua hai Nha nude giao Bang TT Ten cong viec Doi ti/gng sCra chii'a (gian, dgdng dng din, v.v ) Ddn vj A Bing lire lirgng cua VSP (XNKT, XNXL) Cdnq fac C.A.M cac ket cau eiia gian: M^ MSP-3,4,6,9; BK-1,2,3,5: RP-1; RC-1 Thay the cac ket cau kim loai bi hong: MSP-3,4,6,9; BK-1,2,3,5; RP-1; RC-1 Tin Khdi li/gng cong viec Theo KH hoae HO Da thi/c hien Ty le % thifc hien 176.314 178.513 101% 2.889 2.977 103% 279 Hpi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' S\ia chua cac dudng ong bi hu hong: MSP-1^MSP-4^MSP-6; BK-3 - > MSP-9 Tan 246 323 131% SCra chOa cac ket cau cua tau chira dau: ChiLang,BaVi, Chi Linh, YBH-3 Tan 1.649 1,649 100% B Bing lUc lugng cua cac Nha thau •1 Cong tac chong an mon cac ket cau cua gian: CTP-2; m^ 758.396 412.861 54,4% Tan 4.364 2.544 58,3% m^ 2.410 2.410 100% Cai 18 13 72,2% MSP-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11;BK-1 Thav the cac ket cau kim loai bi hong: CTP-2; MSP-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11;BK-1 Boc Composite de chong tham: MSP-1, CTP-2, MSP-4,5,8,9 Su-a chira nha a: CTP-2; MSP-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11; RP-1; RC-2; BK-3,4,5,6,8 Trong Bang din khdi lugng cac cdng viec sda ehUa da thgc hien va eae hang muc cdng trinh da duge tu bao dudng va sua chua nam qua ke tu 1994 den nham minh hga eho cac lap luan trinh bay d tren Mae du cd nhung ket qua to Idn neu tren, song chung ta cOng can nhin nhan cdng tae cdn nhieu diem yeu cin phai dugc nghiem tuc nghien cuu de tim cac bien phap td chde va cac giai phap ky thuat cdng nghe nham han che tdi da eae thieu sdt va nhung van de ehua dat duge edng tac sua chua cdng trinh bien, dd la: Nhin chung, edng tac sda ehda thuc hien ehua dat ve mat khdi lugng so vdi ke hoach yeu cau va thdi han sua ehua thudng bj cham so vdi tien de ra; cac khd'i lugng sua ehua bi ddn dgng tU nam qua nam khae, chat lugng sua chua va ky luat cdng nghe chua dat de'n mdc yeu ciu eao, cdng tac quyet toan keo dai, ehua cd nhung giai phap td chuc hgp ly nham phat trien va chuyen mdn hda eao cdng tac sua ehua gian, chua gan trach nhiem sda chua vdi viee bao quan gian va trach nhiem d i u tu cho viec nang eao nang luc sua chua cua cac Nha thau (dac biet la ddi vdi cac nha thiu chuyen nganh Tdng cdng ty Dau khi) Nhung van de neu tren ed the eae nguyen nhan khaeh quan va chu quan sau day: Qua trinh lap thiet ke du toan cho cdng tac sda chua ddi hdi Idn, cd the chia thd ky: • Tu nam 1994 - 5/1997: Cdng tac sda chua duge thgc hien theo phuang thde giao thau, cac nha thau ket hgp vd XNKT lap bieu khuyet tat; sau cd bleu khuyet tat duge duyet hg ehu ddng lap bieu khdi lugng sda ehua tren ea sd thie't ke cua Vien NCKH&TK Dau bien, lap du toan; cac phdng ban eua XNLD Vietsovpetro chi kiem tra, thda thuan dg toan va trinh Tdng cdng ty phe duyet lam ca sd ky ket hgp ddng kinh te Do dd cdng tac lap thiet ke dgtoan cd nhanh han hien • TU thang 5/1997 - den (1999): Quy trinh khao sat lap bieu khuyet tat, lap TKDT trinh phe duyet da cd su thay ddi nham dap dng eao han yeu eau chuan xac hda va tinh khaeh quan cua cdng tae sda chua cac cdng trinh bien theo phuang thde dau thiu Cae dan vi lien quan cua XNLD Vietsovpetro (XNKT, Vien NCKH&TK, phdng XDCB ) phdi hgp chat che tien hanh khao sat, lap bieu khuyet tat, trinh 280 Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam tru'dc them theky 21' phe duyet bieu khuyet tat; lap thiet ke sua chua va du toan; lap bieu khdi lugng cdng tac; lap ke hoach bd tri sua chua va thda thuan vd cac phdng ban va cac dan vj cd lien quan XNLD Vietsovpetro, trinh lanh dao XNLD Vietsovpetro chap thuan Thdi gian td bat dau khao sat, lap bieu khuyet tat, thie't ke sua chua, lap dg toan va tnnh phe duyet xong d Tdng cdng ty Diu thudng phai mat tU thang den nam; chua ke thdi gian cho dd dau thau, mua sam son, va vat tu, thd gian cho viec ky ket hgp ddng sua chua va thd gian cho cdng tac lap dgng eae he thdng gian giao, v.v Do dd, thudng bat d i u vao edng tae sua chua thi bieu khdi lugng edng tac sua chua da lac hau so vdi khd'i lugng thgc te, gay nen cac khd khan cho viee tien hanh cdng tac sua chua vi bat diu vap phai viee giai quyet khd'i lugng phat sinh, dae biet ddi vd cdng tac chdng an mdn cae ket eiu kim loai cua gian Cae gian cd djnh vUa phai dam bao cdng tac khoan, khai thae lien tuc vua phai tien hanh cdng tac sua chua gay nhieu khd khan cho viec bd tri cac cdng viec lien quan anh hudng lan tren cung mot dia ban hoat dgng chat hep cd nhieu vj tri may hoat ddng lien tuc khdng cho phep cdng nhan sua chua dugc den gin khu vue lam viee cua may de dam bao che khai thac an toan tren gian, v.v Viec bd tri ehd an, d tren gian cho Igc lugng sda chua gian gap rat nhieu khd khan: sd ngudi tren gian ludn bj han che bdi sd lugng ehd quy djnh eua cac xudng cuu sinh trang bj tren mdi gian, kha nang phue vu cua cac bep an va sd lugng giugng, budng hien ed tren mdi gian Vi the sd lugng edng nhan sua ehda bj phan tan khdng dugc bd tri dn dinh theo nhu du kien hgp ddng kinh te; vi cdng tac sua chua thudng khdng dugc coi la uu tien hang dau, neu nhu cdng tac khoan, khai thac can thi cdng tae sua ehua bugc phai tam dUng hoae giam bdt sd ngudi de uu tien cho cdng nhan cua XNKT va XNK&SCG phue vu true tiep cho khoan va khai thac dau Vi the thdi gian eua cae edng doan ddi vdi cac hang muc sda ehua phai keo dai, song thgc te sd lugng cdng sda ehua thi hiu nhu khdng tang, nhung hieu qua sda ehua giam sut He sd ke den thdi tiet thit thudng (mua, nang, bao, am, v.v ) chua dugc tfnh va phan anh diy du thiet ke, djnh muc va dg toan, anh hudng khdng nhd den tien thi edng (nhat la ddi vdi cdng tae chdng an mdn va edng tae sda ehua eae ket cau kim loai vung chiu anh hudng nhieu eua sdng bien) Trong qua trinh khai thae van hanh eae edng trinh bien va thuc hien cdng tac sda chua chung ta gap mdt sd trudng hgp hu hdng phat sinh dot xuit, cd gay nguy hiem cho sg an toan cua gian, cua ngud lam viec tren gian, cin phai khae phue khan cap, nhung ehua dugc tinh den thiet ke sua chua va du toan, rat khd khan eho ngud quan ly edng trinh cung nhu eho nha thau xd ly, vi dg toan trinh phe duyet khdng dugc dua vao cac khoan chi phi du phdng, thu tuc xin bd sung rat khd khan va mat thdi gian, khdng dam bao dugc tinh chu ddng va tinh kip thdi viec sua chua, khae phuc su cd Nhung nam gin day yeu eau chat lugng sua chua cao nham dam bao tri chdng chi va mua bao hiem Nhieu gian cd djnh da lam viee tren 10 nam (han 1/3 tudi thg theo thiet ke) nhung dieu kien hau thd tiet bien thay ddi that thudng rat khae nghiet va chju anh hudng nhieu eua eae hien tuang Enhind va EInhina, vay yeu eau va khdi lugng edng tae sda ehua tu bao dudng cang gia tang nhung v d nhung khd khan nhu da trinh bay d tren, edng tac sda chua cang bj qua tai them P H A N TI'CH D A N H G I A THL/C CHAT NANG LL/C CUA CAC N H A T H A U THAM GIA CONG T A C SLTA CHCTA CAC CONG TRJNH BIEN CHO XNLD VIETSOVPETRO TRONG N A M QUA TLT N A M 1994 DEN NAY Trong nam qua, cac Nha thiu va ngoai Nganh da tham gia vao edng tac sda chua cae edng trinh bien bao gdm: • Cdng ty khao sat, thiet ke & xay dgng dau (PVECC): cd xi nghiep tham gia edng tac sua chua 281 Hpi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' Cdng tnnh bien (XNKCKL&LM, XN sda chua cac cdng tnnh bien, XNXD sd 3, XNXD & Djch vu Long Thanh, XN sua ehua phuang tien ndi & xay lap dien nude) • Cdng ty ddt Vietgas: cd ddi sua chua gian (ddi & ddi 2) • Shiplacom T.P.Hd Chi Minh • Shipyard VOng Tau, • Cdng ty I.D.C Tp Hd Chi Minh (Cdng ty vat tu cdng nghe cao, Phan vien KH Viet Nam) Nhd cd sg tham gia tich cue cua eae nha thau, dae biet la cae nha thiu Nganh Dau khi, XNLD Vietsovpetro da hoan nhiem vu sua ehua tu bao dudng thudng xuyen va dinh ky cae edng trinh bien, dam bao eho cac cdng trinh dugc khai thac, hoat ddng binh thudng va an toan Trai qua cdng tac sda chua cac cdng trinh bien mot sd nha thau nganh thgc sg da ed nhung bude trudng xet ca ve ca ciu td chde xay dung luc lugng va ca ve dau tu trang thiet bi va kinh nghiem thi cdng sua chua cac cdng trinh bien nhung dieu kien het sue khd khan va phuc tap Tuy nhien, de cd the dap ung yeu eau ddi hdi cang cao ve mat chat luang, ky luat edng nghe, tien sda chua va cdng tac an toan qua trinh sua chua, can phai de cap d phan nhung mat cdn yeu kem va chua dat dugc cua eae Nha thau ke ca va ngoai Nganh, nhim giiip cho cac nha thiu sam nghien cdu dua cae giai phap tdt ve mat td chde va ky thuat de cang hoan ehinh minh han din tiep can va dap dng dugc trinh sua chua cdng trinh bien tren the gidi, gdp phin dac luc xay dung va chuyen mdn hda cac xi nghiep tham gia sua chua cdng trinh bien tuang lai cua Nganh Dau Mac dau XNLD Vietsovpetro da chi phi hang nam kha Idn eho edng tac sua chua gian ddi vdi cac Nha thau, song xet thay muc diu tu cua cae Nha thiu ve cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng nang cao trinh dd tay nghe dat chdng chi qudc te ve thg han, thg sua chua edn qua khiem tdn, ehua tuang xdng Viee dau tu eae trang thiet bj chuyen dung phuc vu cho cdng tac sda ehua edn ehua dugc chu y dung muc va ehua dugc danh cac ty le d i u tu thich dang nham nang cao hieu qua va chat lugng cdng tae sua ehua Phan ign cac trang bi bao hd va an toan qua trinh thi cdng ddi vd luc lugng cdng nhan sua chua gian cua cae Nha thau edn qua thieu thdn va ed nhieu trang bj ea ban eua edng tac sua chua nhu gian giao da qua cu, mit an toan Nhieu Nha thiu ehua ehu trgng dung mdc hoae ehua xay dung duge mdt luc lugng can bd ky thuat phu trach thgc hien cae tai lieu hoan edng qua trinh sda ehda, gay khd khan eho cdng tae nghiem thu va keo dai quyet toan edng trinh Mdt sd Nha thau chua lam thudng xuyen hoae lam qua yeu viec giao due bdi dudng cho luc lugng CBCN ve y thuc thgc hien nghiem ky luat edng nghe va ve sinh edng nghiep qua trinh tham gia sda chua cac hang muc tren gian Nhieu trudng hgp da de rd vai eae vat cung, cac ket cau thep bi cat bd hoae cac bd phan gian giao xudng vung chan gian lam rach xude cae ket eau chan de hoae lam va gay cac protector chdng an mdn cua phin ket cau chan de gian nam dud nude, vi pham eae quy dinh ve van hanh ky thuat cae edng trinh bien, Sau ket thuc mdi edng doan sda ehua chua thgc hien tdt va diy du van de thu dgn va ve sinh cdng nghiep, lam anh hudng den viee bao dam va tri chat lugng cua phan cdng tac sda chua da hoan Trong nhieu nam qua giai phap td chde thuc hien edng tac sda chua cac cdng trinh bien ehua that tdi uu va chua hgp ly, chua that dgng vien va gan dugc luang tam va trach nhiem cua cac Nha thau tham gia sda chua vdi viec bao quan, bao hanh gian va viec chu y d i u tu thfch dang de nang eao nang luc va^chit lugng sua ehua gian nham tiem can duge vdi trinh ky thuat va cdng nghe sua ehua edng trinh bien cua the gid 282 Hpi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam tru'dc them theky 21' KET LUAN VA CAC KIEN NGHj TL/ PHIA XNLD VIETSOVPETRO SOT KE TREN, DAY NHANH TIEN OO, CHAT LL/ONG VA NANG NHAM KHAC PHUC CAC THIEU CAO HIEU QUA CONG T A C SLTA CHL/A CONG TRlNH BIEN TRONG THCil GIAN TOI Cin sgm nghien cuu hoan thien va dua trinh duyet mdt quy trinh dan gian hgp ly nham rut ngan thd gian eae khau lap va phe duyet bieu khuyet tat, bieu khd'i lugng edng tae sua ehua, tien sua chua, thiet ke sda ehua va lap dg toan, thu tuc tnnh duyet Kien nghj Vien NCKH&TK Dau bien can lap thie't ke sua ehua tdng the, ddng bg tU dau de tranh phat sinh, lam edng trinh nao tap trung ddt diem cac hang muc sda chua cdng trinh dd de tien eho viec lam thu tue trinh phe duyet Kien nghj Vien NCKH&TK phdi hgp vdi cac bg phan lien quan XNLD Vietsovpetro gap rut scan thao bao eao du an kha thi trang bj phuang tien tg nang chuyen dung phuc vu cho nhiem vu chien luac sda chua lan eae gian khoan bien (tren thie't bj tu nang chuyen dung dd cd the cung cap nang lugng , bd tri ehd an d cho luc lugng sda chua gian va bd tri cac he thd'ng thiet bj ky thuat chuyen dung can thiet phuc vu cho edng tac dai tu gian, v.v ) Cdng tac thiet ke sda chua cae cdng trinh bien (dae biet ddi vdi cac ket cau chju Igc phde tap, eae he thd'ng dudng dng edng nghe, cac he thd'ng cung cap dien ddng luc va he thdng tg ddng hda, v.v ) rat phde tap, ddi hdi phai cd eae can bd thiet ke sua chua gian cd nhieu kinh nghiem ca ve ly thuyet lin thgc te Ddi ngu can bd ve phfa Viet Nam qua thieu lai yeu ve kinh nghiem chuyen mdn Kien nghi vd lanh dao Tdng cdng ty Dau va lanh dao XNLD Vietsovpetro cd chu truang va bien phap dao tao bd sung gip rut vai nam tdi, de bd sung eho Ige lugng edn qua mdng cua Vien NCKH&TK hien ehua dap ung duge kjp thd nhiem vu lap thiet ke sda chua gian cang cang gia tang ca ddi vdi XNLD Vietsovpetro ndi rieng va Nganh Dau nd chung Dae thu cdng tac sda ehua cdng trinh bien khdng hoan toan gidng vdi cac cdng trinh cdng nghiep khae, dieu kien thi cdng rat khd khan va nguy hiem, phu thudc nhieu vao dieu kien thoi tiet bien, cdng tac sua chua dugc tien hanh dieu kien gian van hoat ddng khoan khai thac De day nhanh tien sua ehUa gian, XNLD Vietsovpetro kien nghj Tdng cdng ty xem xet chap thuan: eho phep dua chi phi dg phdng bang 10% gia trj edng tae sda chua vao thiet ke sua ehua va du toan de ed the kjp thd xu ly nhung khuyet tat va sg cd phat sinh cd the gay nguy hiem cho gian, cho ngud lam viec tren gian va se dua vao quyet toan cdng trinh tren ca sd khd'i lugng thuc te hoan va dugc xac nhan bien ban giam sat va nghiem thu cdng trinh De ddng vien khuyen khich va gan luang tam trach nhiem eua cac Nha thau tham gia cdng tac sda chua vao viee bao quan, bao hanh thudng xuyen chat lugng cdng tae sua ehua cae gian, lam eho eae Nha thau (dac biet cac Nha thau Nganh Diu khi) an tam dau tu nang cao nang luc, ky thuat va edng nghe, nang eao trinh va chuyen mdn hda cac bae thg sua chua, cin ed ehu truang va bien phap td chde giao thiu thuang xuyen cd djnh cac gian eu the eho tUng Nha thiu Tang eudng cae bien phap td chde giam sat kiem tra qua trinh thgc hien edng tac sda chua, dac biet la khau thgc hien ky luat edng nghe, ve sinh cdng nghiep va eae bien phap an toan thi edng sda ehua ddi v d cac Nha thau 283 ... nhu cdng tac khoan, khai thac can thi cdng tae sua ehua bugc phai tam dUng hoae giam bdt sd ngudi de uu tien cho cdng nhan cua XNKT va XNK&SCG phue vu true tiep cho khoan va khai thac dau Vi the... lien tuc khdng cho phep cdng nhan sua chua dugc den gin khu vue lam viee cua may de dam bao che khai thac an toan tren gian, v.v Viec bd tri ehd an, d tren gian cho Igc lugng sda chua gian gap... tac chdng an mdn cae ket eiu kim loai cua gian Cae gian cd djnh vUa phai dam bao cdng tac khoan, khai thae lien tuc vua phai tien hanh cdng tac sua chua gay nhieu khd khan cho viec bd tri cac cdng