Duang Quynh Phuang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87(11) 101 106 NEN KINH TE TAI NGUYEN VA ANH HUONG T d i MOI T R U C J N G T U NHIEN TRONG SAN X U A T NONG NGHIEP CUA DAN TOC MONG VUNG CAO PHIA BAC VI[.]
Duang Quynh Phuang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87(11): 101 - 106 NEN KINH TE TAI N G U Y E N VA ANH H U O N G T d i MOI T R U C J N G TRONG SAN X U A T N O N G NGHIEP CUA DAN T O C M O N G VUNG C A O PHIA B A C VIET NAM T U NHIEN Duong Quynh Phu'O'ng Truang Dgi hoc Suphgm - DHTN TOM TAT Mien niii viing cao phia Bac la noi sinh song ciia nhieu ddng bao dan tgc thieu so, dd cd dan tdc Mdng Hg cu tru chii yeu tren viing reo cao va nen kinh te tai nguyen giij' vai trd chii dao Cac ylu td ty nhien viing cao la dja ban va ddi tugng ciia su phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, cdn phat trien kinh tl va td ehiic sinh hoat ddi sdng hang la nguyen nhan tao nen nhung bien ddi cua cac ylu td tu nhien Kinh te tu nhien va niia tu nhien chiem ty trgng cao da chi phdi khdng chi tdi chit lugng cugc sdng ciia ddng bao va cdn anh hudng tdi mdi trudng tu nhien (gom ca mat tfch cue va ban chi) Do vay, cin cd nhirng giai phap hgp ly nham khai thac va phat huy the manh ciia viing dl phat triln, hudng tdi san xuat hang hoa, phat trien ben vung mien nui su nghiep cdng nghiep boa hien dai hoa dat nude Til' khda: Kinh ti tdi nguyen, Mdi trudng tu nhien, ndng nghiep ben vung, canh tdc, loc ngudi Mien nui viing cao phfa Bac la nai sinh sdng eiia nhieu ddng bao dan tde thieu sd, dd cd dan tgc Mdng Hg cu trii chu yeu tren viing reo cao va nen kinh te tai nguyen giu' vai trd chii dao Cac yeu td ty nhien viing cao la dja ban va ddi tugng ciia sy phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, cdn phat trien kinh te va td chuc sinh boat ddi sdng hang la nguyen nhan tao nen nhung bien ddi cua cac yeu td ty nhien Kinh te ty nhien va niia ty nhien chiem ty trgng cao da ehi phdi khdng chi tdi chat lugng cugc sdng ciia ddng bao va cdn anh hudng tdi mdi trudng ty nhien (gdm ea mat tich eye va han ehe) Do vay, can cd nhting giai phap hgp ly nham khai thac va phat huy thi manh ciia viing de phat trien hudng tdi san xuit hang hoa, phat trien ben vung mien nui sy nghiep cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai boa dat nude Trong cdng ddng cac dan tdc viing eao phfa Bic Viet Nam, dan tdc Mdng ndi bat vdi nhilu net van hda dae thii trudc het la van hda san xuit ndng nghiep Nen van hda da dem lai cho dong bao mdt ngudn sdng vat chat Cling nhu cac gia trj tinh than phong phii va ddc dao Tu> nhien, ciing vdi thdi gian, so dan tang len, tai nguyen can kiet, chat lugng mdi trudng suy giam, ddi sdng cang khd khan Van de dat la, ngoai hd trg tryc tiep xda ddi giam ngheo tai cac viing dan tdc dac biet khd khan, theo ehiing tdi, can nghien eii'u sau de lam rd eac ca sd khoa hge kinh te tai nguyen va anh hudng ciia nd den mdi trudng ty nhien san xuat ndng nghiep ciia ddng bao Tren quan diem dja li tdc ngudi, day la van de nhay cam va phirc tap, vay, chiing tdi gidi ban nghien cuu mdi quan he qua lai gitia kinh te tai nguyen va mdi trud'ng thien nhien boat dgng san xuat ndng nghiep eiia dan tdc Mdng viing cao phia Bac theo mdt trinh ty sau day : (1) Hoat ddng khai thac tai nguyen va sy thich irng tieh eye vdi mdi trudng san xuat ndng nghiep eua dan tdc Mdng vimg cao; (2) Anh hudng tieu eye bieu hien sy can kiet tai nguyen va va suy thoai mdi trudiig ; (3) Djnh hudng phat huy cac the manh kinh te tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng theo hudng phat trien ndng nghiep ben vung HOAT D Q N G KHAI T H A C T A I NGUYEN VA SU' THICH U'NG TJCH CUC V6l MOI TRU'ONG TRONG S A N X U A T NONG NGHIEP CUA DAN T Q C MONG VUNG CAO Sinh ke ehii yeu eiia ngudi Mdng nen kinh te tai nguyen la ndng nghiep vdi phuong thue canh tac nuang ray tren eae siidn ddc • Tel: 0983 022774 101 Duong Quynh Phuang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE cua dia hinh vimg dat ngud'i Mdng cu tru, budi dau la nhiing viing riing nui bat ngan, chua ed dau chan ciia ngudi Khi di cu den day, ngudi Mdng bang nhting kinh nghiem san ed da phat rirng, dot ru'ng tao nen truyen thdng canh tac rieng ciia dan tdc minh Lao ddng eiia ddng bao la sue ngudi va dya tren nhung cdng cy lam viec thd sa, ty tao Dd la eon dao quam, chiec cay, biia gd dimg sue keo cua gia siic, cude budm, cude ban, Ddng bao Mdng biet tan dyng mgi dang dja hinh ciing vdi kha nang thich nghi cao Tuong ling vdi tirng dang dja hinh dd la tiing dang nuong ray phii hgp va nhung cdng cu lao ddng tuong thich Nhung dii la loai nuong ray nao, ba eon cting ed mdt phuong thiie canh tae la phat dot, lam dat, gieo trdng, cham sdc va thu hoach Tren nuong, ddng bao phat het cac cay cd va dgn sach se Sau ddt nuong dat, dugc cay de phoi mdt thdi gian sau dd dugc danh toi xdp de gieo hat Cdng cu lam dat sac ben da lam cho dat dugc toi xdp hon, cay trdng cd the nhanh chdng thich nghi va phat trien Cay trdng dugc xen canh gdi vu bang mdt kha nang tham canh cao Thu'dng la ngd trdng ciing gdc vdi rau dau, bi hoac dua, bi lan tren mat dat, dau leo quanh than ngd, d giu'a eac hdc ngd la dau lan hay dau tuang Xung quanh nuong trdng mdt dai cay y dT vira tao them ngudn thye phim viia lam hang rao bao ve cay trdng, chdng xdi mdn Cu tru lau ddi d vimg mien nui cao phia Bic, ddng bao Mdng da ung xir hgp ly vdi mdi trudng ty nhien thdng qua viee tao lap mdt sd md hinh canh tae ndng nghiep phii hgp vdi hau khac nghiet ciia viing cao Dd la md hinh trdng ngd tren hdc da va md hinh canh tac nuong ray tren dat doc Md hinh trdng ngd tren hdc dd cdn dugc ba ggi la md hinh thd canh hoc da Dd la mdt sang tao eiia cu dan viing cao, phd biin d nhung noi cd ddc ldn, dja hinh chii yeu la nui da Tren mat dja hinh cd it hoac rit it dit nam rai rac cac hoc da hay nim tren bl mat da Tan dyng nhung phin dat sin ed cac khe da, ba da dua cac giong cay luong thye ciia minh vao Cd hai loai 102 87(11): 101 -106 nuang hdc da ma ba ggi la "Xiia te" va "Dau te" Phuang thirc thd canh hdc da nhu mdt minh chirng tuyet vdi cho kha nang thich irng ciia ddng bao Mdng hoan canh mdi trud'ng khdng thuan lgi cho san xuat ndng nghiep Dd la sy thich iing van hda de tdn tai Md hinh canh tdc nuong rdy tren nuong ddc la loai nuong phd bien nhat cua ngud'i Mdng, la cac nuong dugc ba phat dot tren sudn ddc cua nui da vdi, dat dai chii yeu la loai dat dugc phong hda tir da vdi, tiem nang nudc khdng nhieu Ddi vdi nuong bac thang, ba diing cay va sue keo cua bd de cay nuong, mdi dudng cay each khoang 60cm, mdi bac thang cd khoang dudng cay Khi dat da dugc cay lat len ba tien hanh tra hat, each 70cm thi tra mdt hdc, giira cac hdc cung trdng them rau bf, dau cae loai Ddng thd'i ba trdng gdi vu mach sau vu ngd Thang thu hoach ngd thi den thang 12 thu mach Mach cung nhu ngd la mgt Igai cay luong thye quan trgng dugc lam men men - thirc an chinh cua ddng bao Mdng Tiing md hinh canh tac phii hgp vdi tiing dieu kien eua ty nhien, cimg cac phuong phap va kT thuat canh tac truyen thdng, trinh tham canh cao, cho thay ddng bdo Mdng Id nhimg cu ddn ndng nghiep chuyen nghiep tren ddt ddc, trinh thich ung dgc biet vdi dieu kien tu nhien Dd chinh la mdt bilu hien ciia sy thich iing qua trinh phat trien, minh chung cho su'c sdng cua ddng bao Mdng, dil hoan canh nao thi eon ngudi ciing tim dugc cac phuang thuc ung xir phii hgp vdi ty nhien, vdi mdi trudng ma hg sinh sdng Ngudi Mdng cdn ap dung kT thuat xen canh goi vu ; Trdng ngd vao thang 2, giua cac hoc ngd trdng xen vao ba khdm dau Hit vu ngd vao thang 7, ddng bao lai tra hat dau Ha Lan va dau rang ngya Ngd, rau, dau gdi xen canh, tao dieu kien cho re cac loai hg dau lam tang phi ciia dat, tang nang suit cua ngd Dac biet d cac loai nuong, d cac vimg thugng huyen Bac Ha - Lao Cai ngudi Mdng cd kT thuat gieo hat xen canh; khdm ngd xung quanh, d giiia dau hoac rau cai Duang Quynh Phuang Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 87(11): 101 - 106 Mach trdng xen canh vdi ngd, vdi ty le mdt dng ngd gidng trdn xen vdi hat mach Ddng bao cdn dimg kT thuat xen canh cay trdng cimg mdt thdi gian gieo Cdn loai dau xen canh dugc tra hoc d khoang trdng giira cac hdc ngd Cac loai rau, bau bi, dua chudt thi tra ciing mdt hdc vdi ngd Viee trdng eay xen canh nhu vay thi re ciia cac loai cay dau giiip tang phi ciia dat, dua trdng ciing gdc ngd cd tac dyng leo quanh than ngd lam cho cay duge vu'ng vang KT thuat xen canh hgp If cd tac dyng tan dung het chat mau cua nuang va gdp phan phu tham thye vat kin dat, lam giam nguy co xdi mdn, riia trdi Do sdng d viing nui cao dja hinh hiem trd dieu kien thien nhien khae nghiet, viec san xuat, trdng trgt lai phu thugc hoan toan vao thien nhien nen ldi sdng du canh du eu trd nen phd bien d ngudi Mdng Phuong thuc san xuat lac hau, phd bien van la phat, ddt rirng lam nuong ray Sau vai nam trdng tia cay luong thye dat dai bi bae mau, nang suat thap, ngudi dan lai keo di noi khae, tiep tyc pha rirng, ddt nuong lam ray mdi Tinh trang ay dien tii' bao ddi dan den ngudn nude bj can kiet, riing dau ngudn bj tan pha khdng du sue ngan nhung mua ldn; nhting tran lu quet lam eho dat dai bac mau Ngud'i Mdng cdn ap dyng viec diing phan htiu ca cham bdn cay trdng Mdi gia dinh cd hd ii phan bd, trau, ngya vdi tro bep Phan gia siic phoi khd va dem ii mdt thdi gian vdi tro bep den phan chuyen mau trang trdn vdi hat ngd bdn Idt Sau mdt thdi gian lam cd lai bdn thiie mdt lugng phan nhd cho ngd Dil hinh thai du canh du cu hoan toan hay djnh cu du canh thi dja ban san xuat va hoat dgng kinh te ciia ddng bao deu gan bd chat ehe vdi rirng hoac dat quy hoach lam nghiep Phuong thuc canh tac truyen thdng ciia ngud'i Mdng d mdt gdc nao dd da lam cho tai nguyen dat, nudc bj giam sut chat lugng Mdt mat cae chat dinh dudng NPK bj tham thau, dudi anh hudng ciia trgng lyc cac chat dinh dudng bj day xudng nhting Idp dat sau nhat la eac chat de tan Ngugc lai, cac chat ddc hai nhu sat, nhdm lai trdi tii' dudi len lam eho phi cua dat giam Mat khac, cac chat miin eiia tang mat bj cudn theo nudc chay tran lam cho phan canh tae cang mdng va bj can kiet Phuong thiie canh tae ehi thich hgp riing cdn bat ngan nhu cudi the ky XIX dau thi ky XX Trong dieu kien ty nhien khdng thuan lgi eho viec trdng cay luong thye, dan tdc Mdng da ap dung nhieu bien phap kT thuat tdng hgp de keo dai tudi thg ciia nuong ray Dd la eae bien phap lam dat thich hgp vdi tiing dang dja hinh, cac bien phap tham - xen canh ket hgp vdi chdng xdi mdn de bao ve dat Khi cham sdc cay trdng ddng thdi cung la cham sdc dd phi cho dat, mdi gia dinh deu cd mdt hd li phan huu co' de bdn Idt va bdn thuc cho cay trdng Nhd vay, nuang ciia ngudi Mdng duge khai thac triet de va cd thdi gian canh tae keo dai eho 2, the he Nhd he thdng cdng cu lam dat ddc dao va thich hgp vdi dia hinh viing cao nen dam bao giu' dugc phi cho dat, lam dat, cd dieu kien tham canh cao Trong kT thuat canh tac nuong ray ngudi Mdng lya chgn mdt tap doan cay luong thye thich hgp vdi timg loai dat, hoac timg thdi gian tren ciing mdt manh nuong: "Dat mdi khai pha ngd khoang vu - Vu thir tu frong lua nuong - Vy thir nam trdng seo hoac y dT - Dat bac mau trdng dau tuong" ANH Hu'dNG TIEU c u e BIEU HIEN TRONG SU CAN KIET TAI NGUYEN vA VA SUY THOAl MOI TRU'CiNG Tap quan canh tac cua ddng bao chu yeu la lam nuong ray quang canh; sau mgt thai gian djnh cu rirng bj pha, ngudn nude can kiet, thieu nude sinh boat, mdi trudng trd nen khac nghiet, lai thudng xuyen bi thien tai de doa lam eho san xuat bap benh, nang suat cay trdng thap Sy di cu eiia ngudi Mdng da lam cho nan pha rirng dot ray lam nuong gia tang, anh hudng nghiem trgng den he sinh thai riing va mdi trud'ng Hinh thuc du canh eiia cac dan tdc thieu sd da bien hang trieu riing trudc day dat trdng ddi niii trgc Udc tinh mdi nam binh quan mdt hd ngudi Mdng cd the chat pha, ddt hon riing mdi de lam nuong ray Dat hep ngudi ddng lam nit ngan 103 Duang Quynh Phuang Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE giai doan bd hda Trudc day thdi ki bd hda til' 10-15 nam, rut ngan lai chi cdn khoang 2-3 nam Nen ndng nghiep du canh truyen thdng d mien nui khdng giii' nguyen ban chat ma da bj pha vd dieu kien dan sd mdt tang Nen ndng nghiep du canh truyen thdng dugc coi la ben viing vdi dieu kien mat dan cu thap chi 10 - 20 ngudi/km" Vdi che huu canh - nam hoac lau hon niia, dieu kien mdi trudng riing cd dii dieu kien cho dat phuc hdi phi nhieu Nhung vdi sy gia tang dan sd nhanh nhu hien thdi gian bd hda eiia dat qua ngan, giam phi nhieu, nang suat ndng nghiep thap Cudng dd sir dung dat manh hon lam bac mau va trd dat trdng ddi trgc Bdi vay che canh tae nugng ray vdi tap quan du canh du cu dieu kien dan sd cao nhu hien da la nguy eo tan cdng vao rii'ng, lam giam vdn riing, ddng thdi buy hoai tai nguyen dat dai va cac ngudn tai nguyen khac tren pham vi cang rgng Ciing vdi phat trien kinh te, mdi trudng ty nhien d mien niii dang dii'ng trudc sy suy thoai nghiem trgng Dja hinh mien nui vdi nen canh tae tren dat ddc rat khd khan viec giai quyet van de thiiy lgi, phan bdn, giu' dugc phi ciia dat, Nhting yeu td han che kha nang tham canh tang nang suat cay trdng va rat khd giai quyet mdi quan he giu'a san xuat ndng nghiep, lam nghiep vdi van de bao ve mdi trudng Ti suat dau tu eac cdng trinh co' sd tang nhu dudng giao thdng, dien, thuy lgi qua cao so vdi viing khae Cae yeu td eua mdi trudng khdng ehi tac ddng vao qua trinh xay dyng cdng trinh vdi khdi lugng ldn, gia eao ma eon tae ddng ea qua trinh quan ly, bdi dudng, khai thac cdng trinh vdi nhung chi phi cao hon Nhieu sy cd mdi trudng tao lam hu hdng va cung huy hoai cae cdng trinh Diu tu vag cac cdng trinh tang d miln niii dudi tac ddng ciia dieu kien mdi trudng, neu chi xet ve kinh te thuan tiiy thi hieu qua rat kem, ma phai lay muc tieu dau tu de dat hieu qua tdng hop ve kinh te - xa hdi, an ninh, qudc phdng va doan ket cac dan tdc Dudi tac ddng 104 87(11): 101 -106 cua mdi trudng, ddng bao cac dan tdc chi cd thi sinh song d nhung nai cd dat canh tac va cd dilu kien san xuit, cd nudc sinh boat, ft khd khan vl giao thdng, dd dan cu sdng d cac viing dan tdc mien niii phan tan la mdt trd lyc ldn cho viec tang cudng ca sd tang, phat triln san xuit, dn djnh va cai thien ddi sdng De dam bao cai an, ngoai viec pha rimg de lam nuong ray ngudi dan di cu ty cdn khai thac mdt each bira bai cac tai nguyen ddng, thye vat vdn rat phong phu co nhilu loai qui hiem da dugc ghi Sach Dd hoac cin dugc bao ve nghiem ngat Hau qua cua viec khai thac biia bai la lam cho mgt sd loai cay, loai quy hiem bj tuyet chiing, dan den mat can bang he sinh thai Hiu het cac hd gia dinh ngudi Mdng deu cd Sling ty che de san ban chim, thu riing; udc tinh thu nhap tir khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien chiem 20%) tdng thu nhap ciia ngudi di dan ty (Hoang Huu Binh - 1997) Viec lam khdng nhung huy hoai mdi trudng ty nhien ma anh hudng nang ne den mdi trudng xa hdi Ddng bao Mdng ciing vdi mdt sd dan tdc khac d viing niii cao phia Bac canh tac theo kieu phat ddt, ehgc tia tren dat ddc lam cho dat bj rira trdi manh va nhanh chdng trd nen can cdi Vdi phuang thirc quang canh, sau vai nam canh tac, thay dat can cdi, hg lai tiep tyc khai pha viing dat mdi va cai vdng luan quan dd cir dien vao nam qua nam khac, lam cho dien tich dat can cdi tang dan Trong thye tien, anh huang cua mdi trud'ng ddi vdi sy phat trien kinh te - xa hgi mien mii la het sue phuc tap Cd nhirng tac ddng ma chiing ta cd the nhan thay dugc, cd the dem dugc, song cd nhtrng tac ddng khdng thay va cung rat khd djnh lugng cd nhirng tac ddng anh hudng ngay, anh hudng tryc tiep den sy sdng kinh te - xa hgi cua viing, sgng cting cd nhung tac ddng gian tilp, tac ddng am y va lau dai ve sau Tii' t h i manh kinh te, cac yeu td mdi trudng dit, nudc, thdi tiet khf hau cua mien nui nhung nam gan day thye sy la trd the yeu, anh hudng xau den phat trien kinh te va nang cao ddi sdng ciia cac dan tdc viing cao ndi chung, cd dan tdc Mdng I f?.-: Duang Quynh Phuang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE , DjNH HU'ONG PHAT HUY CAC THE I MANH KINH TE T A I NGUYEN v A B A O I VE MOl TRU'6NG THEO HU'6NG PHAT TRIEN N O N G N G H I E P BEN V U N G - Quan diem chung la phat trien kinh te tai nguyen mien nui khdng phai ehi vi mien niii va eho mien niii ma vi ea nude tren tat ca cac phuong dien kinh te, ehinh trj, van hda xa hdi va mdi trudng Dd chinh la dia ban phdng hd trgng yeu cd anh hudng true tiep den sy phat trien ben vtrng ciia ca nudc Nhan dan mien niii ndi chung va ddng bao Mdng ndi rieng da hang ngan nam sdng phy thugc vao thien nhien Hg la nhung ngudi dau tien biet bao ve thien nhien va khai thae thien nhien mdt each ben vung Trudc nhung tac dgng manh me ciia phat trien kinh te tdi mdi trudng ty nhien can phai cd nhung giai phap mang tfnh chat tdng the ca ve mat kinh te, xa hdi, van hda Can coi trgng cac bien phap tham canh truyen thdng ciia ngudi Mdng ket hgp vdi kT thuat tham canh hien dai nham sii' dung hgp ly tai nguyen dat, bao ve dugc tai nguyen riing, md rgng cae md hinh canh tac rugng bac thang d nhung noi cd ngudn nudc, dam bao dn djnh cugc sdng - d nhUng vimg qui ddt trong, doi niii trgc nhieu cdn cd sw hd trg ddu tu ciia Nhd nudc nham nhanh chdng chuyen dieh eg eau kinh te eiia nhan dan, tir pha riing de san xuat ngd, liia sang trdng riing O nhung viing ed dieu kien phat trien eay the manh nen cd chinh sach khuyen khich ngudi dan chuyen djeh eg ciu kinh te vdi san xuat luong thye la chii ylu sang trdng cay an qua la ehinh, trdng luong thye la phy O nhting nai cd dieu kien san xuit luong thye, thye pham, cay cdng nghiep ngan can phai siie xay dyng rugng bae thang, di vao tham canh tang vu, dam bao san xuat va nang suat dn djnh cdn ddi vdi nhung nai kha nang san xuat bj han ehi thi phai phat triln cay cdng nghiep lau nam, cay an qua, cay lam thudc, chan nudi, lam nghe rirng ' — Di ddi vdi viec xdc dinh phuang huang sdn xudt Id cdc bien phdp ki thuat canh tdc cho tirng viing can cir vao dac diem ndi bat eiia viing niii la dat doc, tinh chat tieu hau cua viing la khic nghiet, dd kT thuat trdng 87(11): 101 - 106 trgt cting phai sat vdi tirng viing hau, tirng loai dat Ben canh dd, can tdng ket va phat huy nhti'ng kinh nghiem kien thuc tdt san cd ciia ddng bao viia tich eye phd bien nhtrng kinh nghiem tien tien - Ho trg dong bdo cdc du dn dieu chinh CO' eau san xuat phii hgp vdi dieu kien dat dai, khf hau theo hudng san xuat eae san pham cd gia trj hang hda Can dae biet chii y chfnh sach hd trg cdng tac khuyen ndng hoac khuyen lam; xay dyng cac md hinh trinh dien san xuat; hd trg ap dung cae tien bd kT thuat ve gidng cay trdng, vat nudi Cd ehinh sach hd trg kinh phf thda dang cho can bd cap eg sd, khuyen khich hg hudng dan ddng bao each td chii'c san xuat, each td chuc cugc sdng mdi, thu thap, phan anh cac nguyen vgng eac de nghj cua dan va giai quyet tdt cac chi'nh sach Nha nudc da ban hanh Trong cae chuong trinh, dy an can bd tri va can ddi kinh phf hd trg eho hg tham gia vao viee thye hien eac hoat ddng ciia dy an va xay dyng ke hoach dao tao hg nhat la eho can bd tai chd d thdn, ban, xa - Cd ke hogch hudng ddn vd tra giiip ddng bdo tiing bude chuyen hudng san xuat sang lam eay cdng nghiep xuat khau, eay an qua, phat trien chan nudi gia siic, phat trien nghe riing, san xuat ndng - lam ket hgp vdi ehe bien tao ngudn san pham hang hoa de trao ddi lay luong thye d thj trudng chung, vi sau thye hien co' che mdi thye te cho thay ngudn luong thye hang hoa khdng thieu Viee td ehiic hudng dan san xuat phai ket hgp vdi viec tao thj trudng, khoi ludng tieu thy san pham Til' dd tiing bude giai quyet ea ban van de luong thye, khdng nhung de khdi thieu ddi ma cd CO' sd viing chac de phat trien cac cay, con, nganh nghe theo hudng kinh te hang hoa, lam giau eho nhan dan mien niii va ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd - Ciin niing gid cdc sdn phdm hdng hda va giam gia liia gao d cac ban Mdng Tinh trang khdng ed gia hoac gia qua thap ciia nhieu loai san pham ndng lam nghiep d cac ban Mdng la nguyen nhan chinh can trd hoat ddng san xuat hang hda, can trd cae mdi lien ket cdng ddng va hoat ddng cho quan li tai nguyen Dam bao 105 Duang Quynh Phuong Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE nhu ciu luong thye dang dugc dat nhu nhiem vy quan trgng nhat vdi mgi gia dinh ngudi Mdng Trong tinh trang hien tai, nd djnh hudng boat ddng san xuat cua hg vao phat trien nuong ray va cung la yeu td quyet djnh van de du canh, du cu mdi dat dai bj suy thoai Can cd mdt giai phap tdng the thuc diy ehuyin ddi ca cau vat nudi cay trdng, chuyin ddi tii' san xuat canh tac ndng nghiep la chinh sang lam nghiep va chan nudi, thuc day phat trien san xuat hang hda va hinh cae lien ket cdng ddng cho quan ly riing va dat d dja phuong Nham myc dich ldng ghep tdt myc tieu phat trien san xuat hang hda vdi bao tdn va phat trien tai nguyen, de khdng di chech muc tieu, can cd sy hd trg ciia nhii'ng giai phap kinh te - xa hdi va khoa hge cdng nghe khae Thay vi ket lugn nhting van de trinh bay d tren, ehiing tdi cho rang tir viec nghien ciru boat dgng san xuat ndng nghiep cua dan tgc Mdng viing cao phia Bac dat nudc, chiing ta nhan thuc rd hon tam quan trgng cua viec tim hieu eae ndi dung va each tiep can nen kinh te tai nguyen va anh hudng ciia nd den mdi trudng ty nhien san xuat ndng nghiep khdng chi gidi ban khudn khd cac van / ( 1 ; ; l u i - luo d l kinh tl, ma quan trgng ban dd cdn la van d l dja li tdc ngudi Mdng vimg cao Day la nhiem vu mang tfnh thuc tien, ddi hdi phai dugc quan tam nghien ciru sau hon ve mat li luan, gdp phan lam phong phii ban cac khai niem ca ban cua kinh te hoc tai nguyen vi muc dich phat trien ben virng cho ddng bao Mdng cung nhu cac dan tdc vimg cao phia Bac dat nudc T A I LIEU THAM KHAO [1] De dn chien lugc cdng tdc ddn tdc giai dogn 2011 - 2020 http://www google.com.vn/ De an chiln luge dan tgc giai doan 2011 - 2010 [2] "Mien mil vd ngudi'" "Le Ba Thao Nhung cdng trinh khoa bgc dja li tieu bieu" Nxb Giao Due, Ha Ndi, 2007, tr.; - [3] Duong Quynh Phuong, (2010), Cong dong cdc ddn tgc vdi viec sir dung tdi nguyen thien nhien vi muc tieu phdt trien ben viing, Nxb Van hda dan tdc, Ha Ndi, 200 tr [4] Dang Van Phan va nnk (2008), Phdt triin ndng nghiep ben vung : dien gidi, ngi hdm vd cdch tiip can thuc tien Tuyen tap cac bao cao khoa hge Hdi nghj Dja li toan qudc lan II - 2008, Nxb Khoa hge kT thuat, 2008 Ha Ngi, tr.: 959 - 968 [5] Trung tam nghien ciru tai nguyen va moi trudng - DHQGHN (1998), Nhicng xu hudng phdt trien a viing nui phia Bdc Viet Nam (tap 1, 2), Nxb Chinh trj qudc gia Ha Ndi SUMMARY IMPACTS OF THE NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMY ON ENVIRONMENT THROUGH AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF MONG ETHNIC GROUP SETTLING IN THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF VIETNAM Duong Quynh Phuong' College of Education - TNU In the northern midland and mountainous areas of Vietnam, many ethnic groups, including Mong settling in high mountainous areas and the natural resource economy plays a very important role Their economic activities mainly depend on the nature Natural factors consist of natural areas as well as subjects of the economic and social development, while the economic development and organizations of daily life activities cause changes in natural elements The economy based on the nature totally or only a half has affected not only these ethnic groups of people's living standard but also the natural environment (both positive and negative sites) Consequently, it is necessary to exploit and promote the mountainous areas' strengths in general and their natural potentials in particular for the development, towards sustainable agricultural producton in mountainous areas during the country's industrialization and modernization Key words: Economic resources Natural enviroment, Sustsainable agriculture Farming, ethnic *Tel: 0983 022774 106 ... cai vdng luan quan dd cir dien vao nam qua nam khac, lam cho dien tich dat can cdi tang dan Trong thye tien, anh huang cua mdi trud''ng ddi vdi sy phat trien kinh te - xa hgi mien mii la het sue... thdi tiet khf hau cua mien nui nhung nam gan day thye sy la trd the yeu, anh hudng xau den phat trien kinh te va nang cao ddi sdng ciia cac dan tdc viing cao ndi chung, cd dan tdc Mdng I f?.-:... thdng cdng cu lam dat ddc dao va thich hgp vdi dia hinh viing cao nen dam bao giu'' dugc phi cho dat, lam dat, cd dieu kien tham canh cao Trong kT thuat canh tac nuong ray ngudi Mdng lya chgn mdt