Xa hoi hoc sd (105), 2009 71 ANH HirdNG CUA DU" AN QUY MO NHO DEN D I SONG GIA DINH VA XA HOI CONG DONG DAN TOC THIEU SO MIEN NUI BAG VIET NAM NGUYEN Dtrc CHIEN Dli In "Khuyen khich phat trien ndng lam va phat trien cd sd t i n g dfla vao cdng ddng d huyen Van Quan, tinh Lang Sdn" dfldc trien khai trdng vdng nam, tfl thang 7/2005 de'n thang 6/2007 Dd Trung tam Phat trie'n Kinh te Xa hdi va Mdi trfldng Cdng ddng (CSEED) phd'i hdp vdi UBND huyen Van Quan trien khai vdi sfl tai trd cia td chflc CARITAS Thuy Sy Dfl an dfldc trie'n khai tai thdn: Ban Thfldng, Ban Ha (xa Phu My); Na Ring, Na Lung (xa Viet Yen) c i a huyen Van Quan, tinh Lang Sdn vdi muc dich cai thien dieu kien kinh te xa hgi c i a ceng ddng dan tdc thieu sd' d cac xa dfl an trien khai, tren cd sd dd se tiep tuc md rdng dfl an hd trd cac cdng ddng cac dan tgc thieu s6' khac thugc huyen Van Quan, tinh Lang Sdn Cac heat dgng chinh cia dfl an la: t6 chflc cac khoa tap huan ve ky thuat san xuat ndng lam nghiep, nang cap cd sd t i n g (lam dfldng lien thdn/xdm, xay dflng nha sinh hdat cdng ddng ), hd trd v6'n vay cho cac hg gia dinh ngheo phat trien san xuat Ket qua cia ddt danh gia cudi dfl an (thang 3/2008) cho tha'y, dfl an da cd nhflng tac ddng tich cflc lam thay ddi dieu kien sd'ng cia ngfldi dan trdng vflng dfl an Trdng khudn khd bai viet nay, tac gia chi de cap tdi sfl thay ddi ve cd ca'u viec lam treng gia dinh; m6 hinh phan cdng lao dgng, ddng gdp thu nhap va tham gia vao cac quyet dinh cua vd va chdng treng gia dinh; anh hfldng cia Quy tin dung dfl an de'n met sd' thay doi ddi sd'ng gia dinh va sfl tham gia xa hgi cia cac nhdm xa hdi vung dfl an Ket q u a n g h i e n ciiu 1.1 Co cdu viec ldm gia dinh Ket qua khao sat cho thay, dfl an da cd nhflng tac ddng tich cflc tdi sfl thay ddi cd ciu viec lam cia cac he gia dinh Tifldc nam 2005, cac he gia dinh cia th6n trien khai dfl an sail xuat vdi quy md nlid le, de thieu nfldc tfldi nen dien tich da't canh tac cia hg gia dinh rat it, cd cau va s6' Ifldng vat nudi trdng gia dinh rat it Ben canh dd, cac hd gia dinh san xuat thed kinh nghiem va tap tue lau ddi nen khdng tao nhieu viec lam cho hd gia dinh Tfl nam 2005, cflng vdi sfl trien khai cac heat ddng c i a dfl an thi cd cau, quy md san xuat cia hd gia dinh tflng bfldc md rdng va da dang hdn trfldc Quy md chan nudi cia cac hd gia dinh da dfldc md rgng Trung binh mdi hg nudi tfl Idn, trau trd 72 Anh hudng cua dii dn phdt triin quy mo nho de'n mgt sd len, tham chi cd he nuoi tfl 10 de'n 20 Quy m6 dan gia elm, dan ong c i a cac hg gia dinh cung md rgng hdn Dieu quan trgng la hdat dgng chan nuei da dfldc ngfldi dan thflc hien vdi muc dich ldi nhuan kinh te, cei dd la thfldng pham c i a he gia dinh ban thi trfldng Tfl cd dap thuy ldi cung ca'p d i nfldc tfldi cho san xua't, ngfldi dan da tien hanh lam vu lua/nam Ben canh d6, ngfldi dan cdn tan dung nhflng khu da't ddi bd hoang de trdng cay an qua (cay man), va cay lam nghiep lay gd nhfl: keo va bach dan Sfl md rdng ve quy md va cd ca'u heat ddng san xua't trdng trgt, chan nudi thee hfldng da tad dieu kien eho hg gia dinh cd cd ca'u viec lam da dang hdn va gdp p h i n dam bid cung cap viec lam che cac vien treng hg gia dinh Ke't qua thao luan nhdm nfl, th6n Na Ring, xa Viet Yen cho biet "Td cd dap chda nUdc tudi rudng ngUdi ddn rdt phdn khdi vi dd ldm dUdc vu lua/nam, tgo dUdc nhieu viec ldm cho hd Khdng nhU trUdc ddy, phdn Idn dien tich lua d thon Nd Rdng chi ldm dUdc vu vi thieu nUdc tUdi, ddn khdng cd viec ldm" Mac du quy m6 san xua't va cd ca'u viec lam dfldc md rdng hdn, nhflng sflc ep dan sd tudi lao dgng cang tang, d i n de'n tinh trang dfl thfla lao ddng, thieu viec lam dang cang trd va'n de ndng bdng c i a ngfldi dan vung dfl an C h i tich Hdi Phu nfl xa Viet Yen cho biet "Tgi bdn Na Rang vd Na Niing, Udc tinh cd khodng 10% lao ddng nien dang di ldm d cdc thdnh phd Idn nhU Hd Not, thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh vd Binh DUdng Trong sd'lao dpng di ldm dn xa, phdn Idn Id nhdm cd hgc vdn vd sdc khde" Nhdm nien thoat ly khdi que hfldng vdi muc dich tim dfldc viec lam, cd tien de gii ve he trd gia dinh Nhflng thflc te thu nhap c i a hg ra't tha'p va phai tfl trang trai cac chi phi cia ban than nen viec h6 trd che gia dinh la ra't han che Ben canh dd, nhdm nien cdn phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu van de xa hdi khac nhfl: sflc khde, cac te nan xa hdi, bi anh hfldng bdi ldi sd'ng theo chieu hfldng khdng td't Mac du, cudc sd'ng d phd' bap benh, khdng dn dinh nhflng ho van khdng cd dfl dinh trd ve que hfldng tiep tuc ke nghiep nghe ndng truyen thd'ng c i a eha me Neu hien tfldng di cfl tiep tuc tang manh thdi gian tdi se cd nhflng anh hfldng tieu cflc tdi vflng dfl an nhfl: gia hda lao dgng, thieu Iflc Ifldng lad dgng cd sflc khee va hgc van cad Dieu se anh hfldng de'n chfldng trinh chuyen giao khoa hgc ky thuat mdi vao cdng ddng 1.2 Mpt so'thay ddi quan he va chdng ve phdn cdng lao dpng vd hoat dpng xd hpi Cac nha dan tdc hgc cho r i n g sap xep ddi sd'ng gia dinh ngfldi Tay, Nung hi anh hfldng manh bdi van hda Nhd giao Nam gidi/ngfldi chdng thfldng cd dia vi cao gia dinh, dd md hinh phan cdng lao ddng gia dinh the hien sfl thien lech gidi nhfl: san xuat ndng nghiep, nam gidi c h i ye'u tham gia khau lam da't, cdn cac cdng dean cdn lai nhfl gieo trdng, cham sdc, thu hoach phu nfl thflc hien Ben canh Nguyin Dde Chien 73 dd, ngfldi phu nfl cdn phai dam nhan ceng viec ndi trd va cham sdc cen cai Cac viec nam gidi tham gia nhieu lien quan de'n quan he xa hgi ben ngoai gia dinh: tham dfl cfldi xin, ma chay, hgp thon, va tham gia vao cac heat dgng xa hgi c i a dia phfldng Th6ng qua m6 hinh phan cong lao dgng ed the thay, ngfldi phu nfl phai dam nhan nhieu viec hdn nam gidi Hg dam nhan hai vai trd hay ndi each khac "vai trd kep" treng gia dinh, vfla la nhan vat chinh heat dgng san xua't, vfla la ngfldi ngi trd va cham sdc gia dinh Dieu dang quan tam la, mac dfl nfl gidi - ngfldi cd vai trd Idn san xuat, cham sdc cai va ngfldi gia nhflng hg khong phai la nhan vat cd tieng n6i va dfla quyet dinh cud'i cflng lien quan den hoat ddng san xuat va nudi day Cdn cai Phdn cdng lao dpng sdn xudt Ke't qua khae sat chd tha'y, md hinh phan cdng lae dgng trdng san xua't cia hg gia dinh cd sfl khac biet trfldc va sau dfl an: nam gidi tham gia chia se cong viec vdi phu nfl nhieu hdn Day la sfl kien bae hieu xu hfldng binh dang gidi se tien trien td't b Van Quan treng thdi gian tdi Bang ke't qua sd sanh dfldi day se chi r5 sfl thay ddi trdng phan Cdng lad dgng gifla nam va nfl Bang 1: Phan cong lao dpng giuo nam va nu san xudt trade va sou du an Trudc dl,! dn Nam Logi cdng vi^c So iuong NQ % So luong Sau i