Nguyen Minh Cirdng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 86(10) MOT SO GlAl PHAP N H A M NANG CAO HIEU QUA CHl/OTVG TRINH QUAN LY NHU CAu DIEN NANG Tnrdng Dai hoc Ky tliiidl Nguyen Cong nghiep 1 Mil 201 i h C[.]
Nguyen Minh Cirdng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 86(10): 201 -205 MOT SO GlAl PHAP N H A M NANG CAO HIEU QUA CHl/OTVG TRINH QUAN LY NHU C A u DIEN NANG Nguyen1 Mili h C i u'6'ng* Tnrdng Dai hoc Ky tliiidl Cong nghiep - DH Thdi.\giiyen TOM T A T Trong thdi diem cdn nhieu nhung ban che ve su gia tang ciia phu tai len cdng suat phat dien mdi va hien cd, thi cac giai phap DSM dang dugc coi lii nhung chiec cau ndi hgp ly giira hai yeu cau hinh nhu cdn dang mau thuan tren pham vi loan the gidi Su bien ddi cao ciia phu tai tii' qua khac, va tii' gid qua gid khac vffi nhijng loai phu tai khac cd the dem lai nhung CO hoi quan cho viec quan ly theo nhu cau DSM cung cap mot giai phap kha thi de giai quyet mot sd van de chinh dang de doa doi vdi cac cdng trinh dien nang hien Viet Nam da va dang thuc hien mpt sd mo hinh DSM nhien hieu qua cdn chua cao Mot de xuat de giai quyet nang cao hieu qua ciia DSM nham dap irng can bang cung-cau dien dugc dua d day, dd la cai each ve chinh sach ddi vdi nha cung cap va khach hang su dung dien Til' khoa: Qudn ly nhu cdu dien, su dung ndng hrang, gid dien, ludi dien thong minh DAT VAN DE Quan ly nhu cau dien (DSM - Demand Side Management) la tap hgp cac giai phap Ky thuat - Cdng nghe - Chinh sach Kinh te, xa hdi - Dieu khien nham sir dung dien nang mgt Ccich hieu qua va tiet kiem Trong nhung nam trirdc day, de thoa man nhu cau sir dung cang tang ciia phu tai ngudi ta quan tam den viec dau tu khai thac va xay dung them cac nha may dien mdi Gid day, sir phat trien qua nhanh ciia nhu can diing dien, lugng vdn dau tu cho nganh dien da trd ganh nang ciia cac qudc gia Lugng than, dau, ddt dimg cac nha may dien mgt ldn kem theo sir d nhiem mdi trudng cang nghiem trgng Dan tdi DSM dugc xem nhu mdt ngudn cung cap dien re va sach nhat Bdi DSM giup chiing ta giam nhe vdn dau tu xay dung cac nha may dien mdi, tiet kiem tai nguyen, giam bdt sir d nhiem mdi trudng Khdng chi va> nhd DSM ngud'i tieu dimg cd the dugc cung Ccip dien nang vdi gia re vii chat lugng cao hon Thuc te, ket qua thuc hien DSM tai cac nucic tren the gidi dci dira nhirng kit luan la DSM cd the lam ' /('/ 0913 908999 Email: nmciiong hid a gmail.com giam > 10% nhu cau dimg dien vdi mirc chi phi chi vao khoang (0,3+0,5) chi phi can thiet xay dung ngudn va ludi de dap irng lugng dien nang tuong irng [3], Chuong trinh DSM da dugc Chinh plui Viet Nam quan tcim nghien ciru tir rat sdm, nhien bieu qua cua cac chirotig trinh DSM khdng cao, van de thieu dien van dien tram trgng Cac chuong trinh DSM da thuc hien tir trtrdc tdi cd the ducic chia thcinh ciic giai doan nhu sau [5]: -Giai doan ehuan bj (trudc 1998): Giai doan nghien ciru danh gia tiem nang DSM -Giai doan I (1998-2002); Giai doan thii' nghiem va xay dung eac quy djnh co' ban ciia cac chuong trinh DSM -Giai doan (2002-2006); Trien khai mdt sd chuong trinh DSM tiem nang - Giai doan tiep theo (tir nam 2006 den 2015): Trien khai cac chuong trinh DSM qudc gia va chuong trinh tiet kiem nang lugng muc tieu qudc gia tren pham vi toan qudc Tuy nhien cac bien phap tren chua quan tam den khia canh chinh sach Viin de dat la lam the nao de thue hien hieu qua chuong trinh DSM ci Viet Nam nham giam thieu sir miit can baiia cung - ciui dien 201 Nguyen Minh Cudng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE hien Bai bao de xuat mgt so bien phap ve mat chinh sach trudc mat cung nhu lau dai de nang cao hieu qua chuong trinh DSM d Viet Nam KHUYEN NGHI CHI'NH SACH Viec thuc hien DSM d nudc ta se gap nhieu kho khan chua thdng qua cac chinh sach mdi Nhiem vu quan trgng la xac djnh cac chinh sach can thiet de cho phep DSM ed mgt vai trd he thdng tai co' cau nganh dien Dieu dac biet quan trgng vi nganh dien ciia Viet Nam dang qua trinh cai each Trong mgt sd khia canh Imh vuc nang lugng ciia ta gidng nhir mdt nganh cdng nghiep ke hoach tap trung, noi ehi huy va kiem soat cac phuong phap de tang dau tu vao DSM nham nang cao hieu qua lam viec ciia nd; dieu cd the thay rd d viec hien hieu suat sir dung nang lugng d nudc ta rat thap gay lang phi nang lugng vi cdng nghe san xuat lac hau khdng chii trgng den DSM khdng cd cac chinh sach khuyen khich hoac thiic day ap dung DSM Trong khia canh khac, nganh dien dang trd mdt nganh cdng nghiep hudng vao thj trudng, ma nai ed thj trudng thi djnh hudng chinh sach DSM se la can thilt Nhu vay chinh phu Viet Nam can xem xet lua chgn mgt sd chinh sach ngan ban va dai ban de khuyen khich DSM Mdt sd cac chinh sach dija vao cac quy djnh, tieu chuan, va cac bien phap khac cd the dugc coi la luat va kiem soat cac co che Viec cai each nganh dien dang dugc tiln hanh d nudc ta Cue Dieu tiet dien luc da dugc lap Cac cdng ty dien lire dam nhiem tii' viec truyen tai den kinh doanh phan phoi Tuy nhien, neu qua trinh cai each khdng phii hgp cau triic va quy tac, Viet Nam se bd qua mgt CO' che quan trgng viec theo duoi phat trien kinh te hieu qua va ben vung Hien van cdn mgt sd rao can ddi vdi viec thuc hien DSM d nudc ta Cai each nganh dien ciia Viet Nam va ke hoach cai each phai loai bd cac rao can ddi vdi DSM Cac khuyen nghi chinh sach sau day se hd trg nd luc cai each giam rao can ddi vdi DSM 202 86(10): 201 -205 Giai phap triroc mat (ngan ban) Dieu quan trgng nhat can thuc hien la; Hay xem DSM la mgt chinh sach uu tien Kinh nghiem qudc te chi rang DSM, bao gdm ca hieu qua nang lugng va quan ly tai, se chi mang lai hieu qua vdi chinh phii rd rang, manh me, va nhat quan lanh dao quan ly [2] Mgt nhirng each tdt nhat de thuc hien DSM la ap dung mgt chinh sach ma cac djch vu tien ich phan phoi cd nghTa vu phan phdi hieu qua chi phi - hieu qua nang lugng Chinh sach cd the dugc thuc hien thdng qua cac quy djnh va thong qua cac dieu kien tieu chuan bao gdm moi giay phep ciia cdng ty phan phdi Cac chinh sach can yeu cau cac cdng ty phan phoi xac djnh, thiet ke, va cung cap cac chuong trinh DSM cho mgi tang Idp khach hang, phai dugc xem xet va giam sat bdi ca quan quan ly nha nude De thuc hien cdng cac chuong trinh DSM, phai cung cap on djnh va day du kinh phi cho DSM Tai trg DSM cd the dugc thdng qua thue, phi xay dung dja phuong, hoac cac ngudn khac Ben canh co the can phai tao cac quy dac biet de bo trg DSM nganh dien, cd le nhu la mgt ty le phan tram cua gia nang lugtig tdng the nhu la phd bien tai Hoa Ky va mgt so noi khac Can phai khuyen khich tai chinh de dau tu cac tien ich DSM Dieu quan trgng la phuong phap ap dung thue quan; thu hdi chi phi lien quan DSM va viec ap dung cac bien phap thue quan khdng thuang tang doanh sd ban hang Theo thdng le hien hanh d nudc ta khong co ca che cho cac cdng ty cung cap dien nang de thu hdi chi phi dau tu DSM Khdng cd ca che de dam bao rang cac cong ty dien luc se cung cap cac chuong trinh DSM d mirc ldn nhat cd the Doanh thu cua cac cdng ty dien luc hien dugc xac djnh bdi mirc ban hang, san lugng giam lap tire se lam giam lgi nhuan cua cdng ty Ngay ca chi phi ciia DSM la so khdng doanh thu thap ban cd nghTa la cac tiiy chgn DSM lam Nguyen Minh Cudng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 86(10): 201 -205 giam Ici'i nhuan cac tien ich ciia ludi dien Day la mdt khuyen khich rat manh de dau tu DSM vao ludi dien qua cac chuong trinh djnh gia ngat Chuong trinh can tao sir lira chgn cho khach hang va dap irng nhieu khach hang De giai quyet van de ddi hdi viec ap dung cac bien phap loai bd sir khdng khuyen khich tai chinh cho DSM Mdt each tiep can, sir dung cdng tai Uc, Nam Phi, Vuong qudc Anh va Hoa Ky, la mdt hinh thirc dieu chinh dua tren hieu suat tire dua mdt gidi han tren doanh thu la mdt Igi nhuan cd the giu' lai [2] Cai thien viec phan tich danh gia hieu qua DSM Hau het cac thdng tin hien cd ve cac khoan tiet kiem chi phi vii mdi trirdng ciia DSM dua tren cac udc tinh don gian Can phai SLI' dung cac phan tich chi tiet ban va tinh vi bon, cdng cu phan tieh ed the cai thien phan tich lgi ich va giam sir khdng chac chan ve dau tu DSM Thdng qua cai each gia ca, kinh nghiem da chimg minh rang hd tieu thu se thay ddi each thirc sir dung dien ciia hg de dap irng vdi tin hieu gia Cai each bao gdm: Tuy nhien, de cd the ap dung duge nhirng chinh sach tac ddng vao phu tai dien d tren chimg ta cung can phai quy hoach xay dung ludi dien cho phii hgp Trong bai bao tac gia Cling de xuat phuong an xay dung ludi dien nham thuc hien tdt nhung chinh sach dd Phuong an quy hoach ludi d day la: ludi dien thdng minh (Smart Grid) Nang gia sir dung dien tren gia Gia cho mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep sii' dung nhieu nang lugng hien dang dugc tinh thap Gia dien thap lam cho khach hang khdng chu trgng dau tu vao DSM va hieu qua nang lugng Ket qua lam tang nhu cau tieu thu dien, gdp phan vao tinh trang thieu dien ciia Viet Nam Tiiy chgn gia cho khach hang yeu cau tin cay cao nen dugc chudn bj, hg san sang tra gia cao ho'n de dam bao yeu cau sir dung Phi bao hiem gia, hoac phu phi, nen dugc sir dung de tra tien hd tieu thu khae tir nguyen cat giam sir dung va quy khuyen khich tai chinh cho hd tieu thu phai mua va cai dat them Ccic thiet bj tiet kiem nang lugng, ddng co', va cac thiet bj khac Neu viec cat giam dien cd the tranh dugc bang each mua dien ciia cac cdng ty cung cap dien khan cap, thi quy cd the dugc SU' dung de trang trai chi phi cho cdng ty cung cap dien khan cap Nang cao gia d gid cao diem cho cac khach hang cdng nghiep ldn, vi hieu qua ciia DSM ddi vdi nhdm khach hang la rat cao Can phai dua gia d "nghiem trgng eao diem" chi la gid cao diem cao nhat va mirc gia cao diem d mot vai gid cao diem Vdi each tiep can gia ca cd the cip dimg cho hg tieu thu ldn ma khdng chgn djch vu ngat hoac tin cay cao Ngudn kinh phi thu theo tiiy chgn cimg cd the dugc sir dung nhu md ta d tren Giam gia cho hg tieu thu mil bj gian docan hoac giam sir dung dien Chimg ta can thdng Smart Grid la ludi dien tien tien ciia the ky 21 dua tren sir bd sung va tich hgp nhieu phan khac ciia cdng nghe tinh toan, cdng nghe truyen tin va cac djch vu ky thucit sd len tang truyen thdng ciia he thdng cung cap dien Kha nang trao ddi chieu ca ve nang lugng thdng tin va dieu khien cho phep chimg ta cd the thuc hien mdt mang cac chirc nang mdi va irng dung can thiet de san xuaL truyen tai, phan phdi va sir dung nang lugng mdt each hieu qua vii tdi uu Smart Grid khdng chi dugc coi la mdt su thay ddi co' ban each thirc phat trien, van hanh va sir dung nang lugng dien ma nd da dugc xac djnh la mdt cugc each mang tlurc sir ciia cua nganh cdng nghiep dien nang tren co' sd ciia cac cugc each mang ITnh vuc tin hge va truyen tin ba thap nien vira qua Ccic cdng viec co' ban nhat phat trien Smart Grid dugc liet ke dudi day: - Nang cao viec sir dung thdng tin va diT lieu sd hda va cac cdng nghe dieu khien tien tien de cai thien tin cay, an toan va hieu suat ciia he thdng dien (HTD) - Ap dung tdi uu dgng cdng tac van hanh va khai thac cae ngudn dien - Trien khai va tich hgp cac ngudn dien pbiin tiin viio he thdng dien bcao gdm ca cac ngudn dien tir nang luong tcii Lao 203 Nguyen Minh Cudng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE - Trien khai va phdi hgp vdi dieu khien phu tai, ngudn dien phia phij tai va cac loai ngudn dien nang cao hieu suat sii' dung dien - Trien khai cac cong nghe "thdng ininhsinart" ddi vdi dem va trao ddi thdng tin lien quan den viec van hanh tinh trang ciia HTD cung nhu ddi vdi cac he thdng tu dgng ludi dien phan phdi - Tich hgp vdi cac thiet bj "thdng ininhsmart" cua khach hang nham trao ddi thdng tin hai chieu de dieu khien ON/OFF thiet bj mgt each tdi uu - Trien khai va tich hgp cac cdng nghe du tru' nang lugng hay giam cao diem bao gdm xe did dien, dieu hda khdng cd luu nhiet; - Cung cap cho khach hang thdng tin ve gia dien theo thai gian thuc va cac tiiy chgn de dieu khien tdi uu viec su' dung dien - Phat trien cac tieu chuan de truyen tin va tuong thich ddi vdi cac thiet bj dau ndi vdi HTD, bao gdm ca cac thiet bj thudc tang cua HTD - Xac djnh va giam thap cac rao can khdng hgp ly hoac khdng can thiet viec ap dung cdng nghe, djch vii va boat dgng ciia Smart Grid Theo danh gia ciia Bd Nang lugng My thi viee SU' dung cac cdng nghe ky thuat so tien tien (cac he thdng ludng va dilu khiln sd, cac he thdng truyen tin, he thong may tinh va cac he thdng thdng tin) se dem lai su cai thien to Idn ddi vdi tin cay, tinh an toan, kha nang tuong thich va hieu suat ciia HTD dong thdi vdi viec giam anh hudng din mdi trudng va kich thich sir phat triln cua nIn kinh tl [4], De hien thuc hda kha nang ciia Smart Grid chiing ta rd rang se phai triln khai va tich hgp mgt sd lugng khong lo cac thilt bj va he thdng thdng minh va phai xii' ly mgt lugng du' lieu to ldn Viec sii' dicing cdng nghe cao ddi hdi chimg ta phai chi rat nhieu tiln nhung niu chirng ta khdng dau tu cho cdng nghe Smart Grid chiing ta hien tai va ca tuong lai se cdn tdn rat nhieu tiln hon 204 86(10); 201 -205 Giai phap lau dai (dai han) Ve lau dai, cac chinh sach lien quan den DSM va thuc tien xuat hien phii hgp nhat vdi Viet Nam la; Gan DSM quy hoach dien qudc gia va dau tu Quy djnh cac tien ich gan vdi viec quy hoach, thiet ke va thuc hien Trong cac tiem nang ung dung va chi phi ciia DSM lien tuc dugc danh gia va so vdi chi phi nhu cau cLia khach hang theo nhung each khac Chinh phii nen thuc hien dieu mgt each ro rang thong qua cac quy djnh hoac dieu kien cap giay phep Xay dung DSM vao ca cau thj trudng Mdt nhung bai hoc chinh tu' cugc khimg hoang dien California la tam quan trgng cua thiet ke thj trudng canh tranh tai chd de cho phep su tham gia ciia cac tiiy chgn theo nhu cau phu tai Tam quan trgng ciia nhu cau cac ben tham gia vao thj trudng hien da dugc qudc te chap nhan rgng rai Tieu chuan va phan thudng cho viec nang cao hieu suat Trong ke hoach dai han ciia Viet Nam nen xem xet muc tieu uu dai de thudng cho hieu suat vugt trgi, uu dai nhu vay cimg dugc coi la mgt hinh thuc "dua tren quy djnh hieu suat" Nhan thiic dugc chi phi tac Trong tuong lai gan, gia truyen tai co the khdng phan anh chi phi tac Ve lau dai, mdt chiic nang thj trudng ban buon vdi gia ca khac nhau, dgng lire kinh te se cung cap vj tri de xac djnh nhu cau ngudn luc ben cac vj tri tdt nhat Chat lugng mdi trud'ng Thj trudng dien va cac quy djnh moi trudng phai dugc tinh toan den cdng nghe phat dien Cac ca quan khac chinh phu cd trach nhiem phat triln va thuc hien day dii cac chinh sach can thilt dk thiic dSy DSM Bao gdm: cac tieu chuan nang lugng ciia quoc gia; gia: giam sat; danh gia; thi^ic thi va quy djnh mdi trud'ng Tat ca cac ca quan chinh phii cd lien quan nen dugc dieu phoi bdi mgt Ban chi dao DSM Cac iiy ban se bao gom cac can bd chii chdt tir cac phdng ban khac se gap Nguyen Minh Cudng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 86(10): 201 -205 gd thud'ng xuyen de chia se thdng tin, thao TAI LIEU THAM KHAO luan ve sang kien, phat trien chinh sach va ke [I] Banerjee R (1998), "LoadManagement in the Indian Power Sector using US experience" Energy Vol 23, No I pp 961 -972 [2] DEDP (1995), The Energy Conservation Promotion Act, Bureau of Energ\- Regulation and Consen'ation, Department of Energy Development and Promotion, Bangkok [3] DSMO (1999), Demand Side Management (DSM) in Thailand, Experience and Perspective, Demand Side Management Office, EGAT [4] Information & Privacy Commissioner, Ontario, Canada, Future of Privacy Forum, Privacy for the Smart Grid:Embedding Privacy into the Design of Electricity Conservation, November 2009 [5] Cue Dilu tilt dien luc (2007), Chuong ninh qudc gia ve qudn ly nhu cdu dien giai dogn 20072015, D I an Bo Cdng nghiep Ha Noi hoach hanh ddng de thuc hien KET LUAN NIU chimg ta thuc hien dugc cac giai phap tren thi hieu qua ciia chuong trinh DSM se dugc nang cao; ddng thdi he thdng dien cung dap irng dugc xu the phat trien ciia the gidi va nd ciing gdp phan nang cao hieu qua sir dung nang lugng d Viet Nam Tuy nhien, van de chinh sach va cdng nghe dugc lua chgn ddi vdi nudc ta cdn tuong ddi phiic tap SUMMARY SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY PROGRAM NEEDS POWER MANAGEMENT Nguyen Minh Cuong' College of'Lechnology - TNU In the age of many restrictions on the increase of load up new power generation capacity and current, the DSM solution is viewed as a logical bridge between the two requirements that are also appears to conUcidict throughout the world The higher the load changes from day to day and from hour by hour with the different types of load, may provide important opportunities for maucaging demand DSM provides a workable solution to address some key issues are threatening to existing power projects In Vietnam, has done some modeling but effective DSM is still low A proposal to raise the effective resolution of the DSM to meet the electricity supply-demand balance is shown here, that the reform policy for the vendors and customers use electricity Key words: Demand Side Management, energy use electricity, smart grid 'Id: 1)913 908999 Email: nmcuong.hld'fgmail.com 205 ... cap Nang cao gia d gid cao diem cho cac khach hang cdng nghiep ldn, vi hieu qua ciia DSM ddi vdi nhdm khach hang la rat cao Can phai dua gia d "nghiem trgng eao diem" chi la gid cao diem cao nhat... Ket qua lam tang nhu cau tieu thu dien, gdp phan vao tinh trang thieu dien ciia Viet Nam Tiiy chgn gia cho khach hang yeu cau tin cay cao nen dugc chudn bj, hg san sang tra gia cao ho''n de dam... cao diem cao nhat va mirc gia cao diem d mot vai gid cao diem Vdi each tiep can gia ca cd the cip dimg cho hg tieu thu ldn ma khdng chgn djch vu ngat hoac tin cay cao Ngudn kinh phi thu theo tiiy