Nghien cufu suf dung tro xi tir cac nlia may nhiet dien than cua Petrovietnam 0e san xuat vat lieu xay dung KS Tran Vinh Loc KS Pham Ngoc Kien Vifn Ddu khi Viit Nam Hien nay Tap dodn Ddu khi Qudc gia[.]
Nghien cufu suf dung tro xi tir cac nlia may nhiet dien than cua Petrovietnam 0e san xuat vat lieu xay dung KS Tran Vinh Loc KS Pham Ngoc Kien Vifn Ddu Viit Nam Hien Tap dodn Ddu Qudc gia Viit Nam (Petrovietnam) dang ddu Ui nhieu dgdn nhiet diin than Idn tren th&p cd nUdc nhit Thdi Binh 2, Vung Ang 1, Long Phd Sdng Hdu 1, Qudng Trgch Lugng tro vd xi than thdi tdcdc ihd mdy nhiit diin ndy lin tdi hdng triiu tdn/ndm Trong dd lugng tro xlcda cdc nhd mdy nhiit diin hiin dang logt dgng tgi Viet Nam dUgc thdi mdi trudng nhUmdt logi rdc thdi cdng nghiip md khdng cd biin phdp xdlf vd sd lung hiiu qud ngudn tdi nguyin ndy Cd nhiiu nguyen nhdn gdy sUiang phi tren nhU: chdt lUgng tro kem, chUa d edng nghi xd 1^ tro, y thdc bdo vi mdi trudng vd tiit kiim tdi nguyen chua cao, chua cd cdc chi tdi, chinh sdch liin 'uan Bdi viet ndy phdn tich cdc vdn de iiin quan din chdt lUgng tro xi cdc nhd mdy nhiit diin Vung Ang 1, Thdi Binh ', Long Phu 1; tinh hinh sif dung vd dng dung tro xi thdl hiin nay; cdng nghi xdly vd dixuat nhdng hUdng sddung tro i eda cdc nhd mdy nhiet diin ndy Diu KHi-so 9/2012 45 Long Phd Idpng tro xl t h i i eua n h i m i y niy lln tdi 2.537.736 t i n / n i m Vile sddyng tro xi than t h i i t d cic nha m i y nhl|t dien da ed t d hang tram n i m trude cdng nguyin (5 Ddi vdl cic n h i m i y n h i l t d i | n (Thii Binh 2, Vung Ang nhdng nude cd n l n cdng nghi|p t l l n t i l n , vile sd dyng 1) sd dung than nguyin l i l u l i than c i m antraxit v i vSn tro v i xl than t d cic n h i m i y nhl|t d i l n l i m v i t ll§u x i y hinh d c h l dd dUdI tdi han, dng vdl mdi MW diln, cic dung d i trd n l n phd b i l n t d nhdng n i m 70 cda t h i k;^ nha m i y nhl^t d i l n t h i l blnh q u i n 915 t i n tro xi/nam XX (Nhit Bin -1950, VUOng qufic Anh -1966, Nga -1971, Trong dd, N h i m i y Nhl|t di^n Long Phu sd dung Phip -1977, Ddc - 1977, My - 1980, Trung Qudc - 1986, than nguyin lilu l i than bitum v i v^n h i n h d thdng s6 Ba Lan -1977, H i Lan -1966 ) Tro xi than thai tdeae t r l n tdi h?n, dng vdi mdi MW d i | n , lUpng tro xl Nhi m^y nha may n h i l t d i l n ddt Id hoi cd t h i ehia lam hai lo^i: t h i i l i khoing 287 t i n tro x l / n i m [28] So vdi viec si? tro day Id va tro bay vdi p h i n hda hpe g i n nhu dyng than nguyin ll|u l i than bitum thi Idpng tro xi thai tdpng t u vdi d i t sit Cd nhilu lo?i cdng n g h i b l tdng t d cic n h i m i y sd dyng than c i m antraxit cao hon mdi m i n l u khdng ed tro xi than thi khdng t h i c h l t^o l i n vdl cdng mdt cdng suit p h i t d i | n D i l u niy di/oc dUPC, vf du nhu b l tdng d i m l i n , b l tdng t u lln [1 - ly g i i i bdi h i m lupng m i t nung (MKN - Tdng lupng 12] Cd n h i l u nguyin n h i n d i n d i n vile tro t h i i t d c i c carbon ehua chiy h i t v i dd i m ) eao tro xl thii cQa nha m i y n h i l t dien khdng duoc sddyng mdt cich hdu cic n h i m i y s d d u n g than nguyin l i l u l i than antraxit fch, dd nguyin n h i n chinh l i ehit lUPng tro xi than antraxit l i loai than cd h i m lupng carbon cao, dd tro t d cic n h i m i y n h i l t d i | n cda Viet Nam q u i k i m , t h i l u cao, chit bde t h i p v) v i y m i k h i n i n g chiy ki|t cCia than b| han c h l [14-17] cdng n g h l x d l ^ , kinh n g h i l m xdly va sddung, khdng cd cac quy djnh p h i p l u i t nghiem khic ddi vdl ric thai cdng 2.2 Thdnh phdn tro xl thdi nghilp Do dd, c i n t h i l t p h i i nghien edu cic grii p h i p xd ly, c h l b i l n , t i n thu tro xl n h i m d i p dng eac y l u c i u Cd t h i chia t h i n h p h i n tro xl t h i i eua cae nhi may c i p bich v l mdi trudng, eung nhu dem lai hieu q u i kinh nhiet d i l n t h i n h hai p h i n : tro d i y Id v i tro bay Phin t l cho cic n h i miy Bdng Lugng tro xl thdt tdmdt s6 nhd mdy nhiit diin cua Petrovietnam Tro x i td cac nha m i y nhilt dien cda Petrovietnam Lucfng tro xi thii Nh a may nhiet dien Cong suat (MW) Thai Rinh 1.^00 1.184.520 Vuncj Ang 1.200 1,008.480 Lonq Phu 1.200 344.736 Tong so 3.600 2.537.736 (tan/nam) 2.1 Lugng tro xi thdi Cie nha may nhiet dien Thii Binh 2, Vung Ang 1, Long Phu eua Petrovietnam d i u sd dung eong nghe 16 dot than phun, nhien than nguyen lieu v i c h l dp v i n Bang Tylclrox • f t o a moi id niui may nhie dien cua PetFOvielnam hanh edng nghe cua eie n h i m i y khic Nha m i y Nhiet dien Thii Binh v i Vung Ang duoc thiet k l sd dung than nguyin lilu la than c i m antraxit cda vdng Hdn Gai Cam Pha va thdng sd van hanh dudi tdl han Tro bay Th,ii Binh 81% ViiiKj Ang 84% 16% 80% 20% Lonq i'hu (T = 541*^, P = 175 bar) Trong dd, Nha m i y Nhiet dien Long Phu duoc thiet ke sd dung than nguyen l i l u l i than bitum dupc d u kien nhap khau t d Indonesia hoae t d Oc vdi thong sd van hinh tren tdi han (T = 542°C, P = 254 bar), chinh vi vay ma lUpng tro xi thai eung nhu tinh chat tro xl t h i i eua cie n h i m i y la khic [25,27,28] Theo bao cao thiet k l cP sd cda eie nha may nhiet d i l n Thai Binh 2, Vung Ang v i 46 DAUKHi-Sdg/2012 Tro day 16 Nha may nhiet < ien (a) Tro day Id Hinh Troxlthan dudi klnh hiin v 19% ^ PETROVIETNAM day 16 ehd y l u dupe l i y t d bd phan t h i i xl d i y Id (Hinh 15,31 t r i l u tan, tang len den 25,58 - 27,28 trieu tan nam la).Tro bay la phan r i t mjn v i trdn nhSn (Hlnh b) eda tro 2015 v i dat mdc 36,19 - 40,91 tri^u tan n i m 2020 xi than thu duoc sau Ipc bui tinh d i l n [23] Nhu eau tro xi than nhilt d i l n giai doan 2010 - 2020 Thinh phan tro xi t h i i cic nha m i y nhilt d i l n eda Petrovietnam nhu Bing r i t eao, dd Idpng tro bay ddpc sin xuat td tro xl cda nha may nhiet d i l n Pha Lai & 2, Cao Ngan ehi dap dng mdt p h i n nhd cua thi trddng (khoang 500.000 2.3 Chdt lugng tro vd logi tro t i n / n i m ) LUpng tro xi than thilu hut n i y hiln dUpc Nhu phan tieh d t r l n , than nguyen lilu sd dung sddung b i n g cac nguyin lieu thay t h i dang truyin thdng cie nha m i y nhiet dien Thii Binh v i Vung Ang n h u d i t sit, clinker l i than antraxit nen ehat lupng cda tro xi t h i i cda hai Qua tdng hpp nhu ciu tro xi vdi cic dng dung thdc t l cho t h i y thj trudng dng dung tro xi l i m phu gia cho xi ming v i sin xuit gach khdng nung l i hai thj trudng dng dyng t i l m ning n h i t ddi vdi tro xi nhilt dien giai doan 2010-2020.Thi trudng tro xi dng dung i i m vat lilu t r i i dudng cung dMc cho la thj trddng t i l m ning, nhiln d i l u n i y ein phii cd sy ho trp td cic ehinh sich cda Chinh phu nha may cd ham lupng MKN tuong ddi cao Trong dd,troxIcda Nha may Nhiet d i l n Long Phd chiy trilt d l hPn, h i m lupng khoang eao v i cd h i m lupng MKN < 6% [25-28] Td k i t q u i tfnh t o i n v i Udc tinh tfnh chit tro xi cic nha may nhiet dien eua Petrovietnam, ed the khing dinh ring tro xi than t d cae nha may nhilt d i l n Tip d o i n dau t u thude loai F theo t i l u chuin ASTM Sdng Thdnh phdn tro xi thdi tdmdt sd nhd mdy nhiit diin cua Petrovietnam [20,21] Cd nghTa l i tro xi cda cac n h i m i y d i u cd the sddung de lam v i t lilu xiy Nhh may nhiet dien T h i n h phan dyng, nhiln tro xi cua cic nha may Thai Binh & V u n g Ang Long Phu 58,4 - 60,7 62,23 FeiOa 4,8 - 7,2 5,89 dudi 6% de eo t h i dam b i o sd dung lam AliOa 26,1-28,1 24 vat lieu xay dung CaO 0,4 - 0,7 0,9 nhilt dien Thii Blnh va Vung Ang can phii xd ly de g i i m ham lupng MKN xudng SiOj r MgO 0,8-1,2 1,43 TiOi 0,69-0,7 0,53 Na^O 0,1 - 0,4 0,3 - 0,4 KiO 2,6-4,3 1,03 dupc t h i i t d cic nha may nhiet dien cda SOj 0,3 1,2 Viet Nam hau h i t dupe trdn vdi nude v i MKN 15-35 4,8 Tmh hinh suTdung tro xi va thj tri/dng tifng dung tro xi nhiet dien Hiln nay, t r l n 2,5 t r i l u t i n tro xi than bom ngoai bai thai (Hinh 2) [23], ngoai Nguon: Bdo cdo dudn ddu tuNhd mdy nhiit difn Thdi Binh 2, Vung Ang 1, Long Phd trd tro xi cua cic nha m i y nhiet dien Phi Lai & 2, Cao Ngan da dUpc dng dung de sin x u i t tro bay va gach khdng nung Cdn lai tro xi cda eac nha may nhiet dien khic hau h i t chda cd phUPng an sd dung cy the hay mdi chi nam d eac d u an chd triln khai Van de n i y ngoai t i c ddng xau d i n mdi trudng edn lang phi mdt nguon t i l nguyin ldn Trong dd, tro xi than n h i l t d i l n ed t h i dupc dng dung nhieu cac linh vyc b l tdng dam lan, xi m i n g , gach khdng nung, lam dddng giao thdng Theo quy hoach, tong nhu eau tro bay nhiet dien nim 2010 Ude tinh v i o khoing 14,91 - Hinh Bdi thdi tro xl tgi cdc nhd mdy nhiit diin IlAUXHl-Sd9/2ai2 47 CONG NGHIEP OIlN Bing T6ng nhu cdu tro xl than nhiit diin glal dogn 2010 • 2020 (Irliu tdn/ndm) 2015 0,44 2010 Nhuc^utronhl^ttfi^n B§ tdng el^m ISn 0,4 Xi mSng 12 18 2,51-2,91 7,14-8,34 Gach khdng nung 1 2020 i 13,97-18,69 0,22 22 Chua c6 quy ho^ch TrSi di/dng ~ Tdng nhu cdu 25,58-27,28 14,91-15,31 36,19-40,91 Ngudn: PVPro tSng hap Bdng So sdnh tinh chdt tro xlcua nhd mdy nhift dlfn cda Petrovietnam vdl tliu chudn tro bay Idm phu gia xl mdng vd ggch khdng nung [16,17,20,21] Thinh phin Otfnv{ iOj+AliOj + FejOj SO, D$im MKN VQng Ang & Thii Blnh Long Phu Sin xuit gach khfing nung LAm phM gia cho xl m i n g % 89,3 - 96 92,12 % % % >™ [ 0,3 1,2 4,0 (max) Dim bio Ohm bao (max) I 15-35 4,8 (max) J £70 j 5,0 (max) (max) (max) So sanh tfnh c h i t t r o xl cic n h i m i y nhiet d i l n cda Petrovietnam vdi tieu c h u i n t r o bay lam phu gia xi mang va gach khong nung Pfa«>(|Updcfe Theo ket q u i so sinh gida t i l u chuan cua tro bay l i m phu gia eho xi mang, sin xuat gach khdng nung va B&cnta Udc tfnh tinh chat tro xi cac n h i m i y nhilt dien eda Petrovietnam, nhdm t i c g i i thay: + Nha may Nhilt d i l n T.k h«ta trad Long Phd 1: Cae t h i n h phan hda hoc, h i m chuin tro bay lam phu gia xi mang 's- Ttck j I Bfti ribs \ I lupng MKN tro xl theo t h i l t k l v i tinh t o i n deu dat y l u c i u t i l u TiA va t i l u c h u i n tro bay sin xuat gach khong nung Vi viy, nhilu k h i n i n g Hinh Cdc phucmg phdp xd ly carbon tm xl than tro xi than eda N h i m i y Nhilt d i | n Long Phu khong can qua xd ly ma ed t h i i p dyng true tiep l i m phu gia xi m i n g v i s i n x u i t gach khdng nung + Nha m i y Nhiet dien Vung Ang fiiThii Binh 2: Tro C6ng n g h i xii \y! t r o xi than n h i f t di£n T?i nhdng nude cd n l n cdng nghilp t i l n tiln, vilcap dung cdng n g h i thu hoi va c h l b i l n tro xi than nhilt dien da duoc bien t d nhdng n i m 70 cda t h i ky tnidc, xi cda nha m i y n i y d i u dat t i l u chuan tro bay l i m v i t dd edng n g h i chd y l u dUpc sd dung l i edng nghe xiJl]? lieu x i y ddng, chi rilng eo ham lupng MKN tro xi tro bay bdi vi lupng tro bay cie Id dot than chiem n i m khoing 15 - 35% Idn hon nhieu so vdi tieu tdi 80% t6ng lUpng tro cda than dot [1,7,11,12,13] Con chuin y l u c i u la ham lUpng MKN s 6% Vi vay, de cd t h i Viet Nam, cdng nghe xd 1^ tro xi than nhilt dien mdi chi sd dyng tro xi cda n h i may nhiet dien n i y lam v i t l i l u duoc i p dung ddi vdi tro xl than eua Nha m i y nhilt di^n xaydung can p h i i nghiln cdu de Ida ehpn cdng nghe phu Phi Lai & de sin xuat tro bay t d nam 2008 vdi cdng hpp nham g i i m ham luang MKN xuong dUdi 6% suit t h i l t k l 500.000 t i n / n i m 48 OAtlKHf-Sd 9/2012 PETROVIETNAM Bdng So sdnh cdc cdng nghi xdl'y tro xi than nhiet dien Cong Thu d6ng hoa carbon Kinh nghiem thUdng Tuy^n ndi Tich ly tdm sang Tdch tinh dien Thuong m?i hda d&u Win vao nam Thuong mai hda 1994,hi$nnayc6 Phat triln va diu xMn vko nam 11 nha may dang dng dyng each 1995,hi&nnay ho?td$ng.ChUa day 70 nam chi c6 nhit dupc kilm chdng '• dyantaiHaian vdi tro xl than antraxit Thuong mai hda diu ti4n vao nam 2003,hi^nnayc6 nha miy dang hoat dfing v a i dUan ban thuang mai, chii yeu My Phat triln va dng dyng each day 80 nam MKN < 6% MKN