MAMG lirOMG BIEM H THUC TWnC TIHIC W TS DLTVANTOAN Nhung trai nghiem qui gia ve ndng lupng (NL) bien tren the gidi Cho din nay da ed nhilu thdnh cdng vd ti ln bd vupt bae v l phdt triln nghien eiiu va[.]
MAMG lirOMG BIEM H THUC TWnC TIHIC W TS.DLTVANTOAN Nhung trai nghiem qui gia ve ndng lupng (NL) bien tren the gidi: Cho din da ed nhilu thdnh cdng vd tiln bd vupt bae v l phdt triln nghien eiiu va triln khai san xuat dien tii cdc dang ndng lupng tren biln nhu gid, mdt trdi, sdng, thiiy trilu Mdt sd md hinh rat thdnh cdng vd canh tranh trdn thj trudng nhu nhd mdy dipn thiiy trieu ddu tidn Ranee (Phap), ndm 1967 vdi cdng sudt 240 MW, Sihwa (Han Qudc), 2011 vdi cdng suat 254 MW, vd hdng loat cde du dn nhd mdy dien -ndng lupng biln tii nhd d i n ldn dang dupe triln khai nghidn ciiu, thilt k l xdy dyng trdn cdc viing biln, dpi duong t h i gidi Biln - Dpi duong t h i gidi chilm gin 70% didn tich b l mdt trdi dat, edn rat nhieu khdng gian eho nen kinh t l vd an todn ndng lupng t h i gidi Vide ddu tu nghidn ciiu cdc cdng nghd biln ndng lupng biln, dpi duong vdo cudc sdng da cd nhilu tiln bp vupt bde tir ndm 2001, Uy ban ndng lupng qudc t l (lEA) dd thilt lap Nhdm qudc t l v l Ndng lupng dpi duong (Ocean Energy Systems-OES) nhdm hd trp, chuyin giao, thiie diy hpp tdc qudc t l v l cac dyan dipn bien Thanh tyu cdng nghe dipn biln da lien tyc dupe thuong mai hda, vdi gid thdnh sudt d i u tu/kW gidm nhanh, vd khd ndng ddng gdp cua didn biln vdo nin kinh t l todn elu se rdt epnh tranh so vdi cdc ngudn ndng lupng truyin thdng nhu than da, diu khi, thiiy didn, hat nhdn Nguyen nhdn thiic diy phdt trien NL bien: T h i ky 19-20, sy phdt triln cdng nghipp va ndng lupng ehii y l u dya vdo hda thach (than da vd dau khi) da phat thai lupng nhd kinh khdng Id, vd la nguyen nhdn chinh gdy hien tupng trdi dat am len todn edu, hay edn gpi la BOKH, vd thudng xuyen dupe coi trpng eae cudc ban thdo d p eao nhlt trdn ede diln dan qudc t l BOKH da, dang tac ddng xau din phdt triln kinh te xd hdi vd gdy nhilu thiet hai eho cdc qudc gia ven biln (trong dd cd Vidt Nam) muc nude biln ddng bdi canh BOKH todn elu gdy ngap lyt viing ddt thap ven biln vd hai ddo Tdi nguyen ndng lupng tren dat lien cung dang bi thu hpp din, ein khdng gian eho phat triln kinh t l xa hdi, thi vide triln khai khdng gian biln rdng ldn Id rat phii hpp Odng thdi gid nhien lipu - ndng lupng nhu xdng, diu, khi, than da tdng gid manh vd ngdn cung cung dang dang d i n can kidt budc t h i gidi phai quan tdm den vide nghien eiiu khai thdc eae ngudn NLTT, dd ngudn NL dpi duong Viet Nam Id qudc gia eung dang phai nhpp khau nhidn lipu nhu than dd, d i u cho cdc nhd may dipn, hon 3000 hai dao chua cd didn ludi qudc gia Vidt Nam da xdy dyng Chiln lupe biln Vidt Nam den ndm 2020 vd xdc dinh phdt triln kinh t l biln la mui nhpn Viet Nam cd didn tich biln rdng hon tridu km' vd ed tilm ndng ldn v l ndng lupng biln nhu mdt trdi, gid, sdng, thiiy trilu, mudi , se cd ddng gdp hCru ich sy phat triln bin viing kinh t l xd hpi vd bao ddm an ninh qudc phdng Viet Nam Cdc ngudn dien dupe san xuat tu cdc ngudn ndng lupng biln Thdng 8-2012 Bien Viet Nam 11 cd t h i dat tdi hang trieu kW, ddng thdi edn han c h l dupe cdc thien tai tren biln, va tai cac viing hai ddo cdn giiip gidm sdt chii quyln qudc gia Nd luc cua cac nha Khoa hoc Viet Nam Tii dupe du hpc ben Lien Xd, tae gia da ed tyu may md tidp cdn cac cdng trinh nghien Cliu va img dung v l ndng lupng biln ddi vdi thiiy trilu, sdng, gid vd da rit say sua nghien cuu, cdp nhpt cdc thdng tin v l ITnh vyc Ludn vdn tiln sy cung dd dupe chpn \0 y tudng v l phdt triln img dyng cdc ngudn ndng lupng biln Viet Nam vdo cudc sdng, vd d l tai "Ndng lupng thuy trieu Biln Odng" dd dupe lya chpn cimg vdi GS Nhekrasov A.V., ngudi da cd nhieu kinh nghidm v l cdc dy an ndng lupng thuy trilu cua Lidn Xd tai viing Biln Bde, vd biln khdt Khi v l nude nghidn cuu chinh tac gia da dupe tdi trp d l tdi Nghien eiiu co ban Bd KHCN tdi trp vdo ndm 2012 v l Ndng lupng thuy trieu eho ede vimg ven biln Viet Nam va dua djnh hudng vung tilm ndng Id cdc cua sdng Odng Nam Bd- Vd hdng lopt cdng trinh bdi bdo lidn quan din ndng lupng bien trdn eung dd dupe cdng bd cdc bdo, tap chi Tuy nhidn thi vipc nghien ciru vd img dyng v l NLB tpi Vidt Nam vdn edn it dupe quan tam, vd phai din ndm 2007, dudi sy img hd manh me eiia GS Pham Huy Tiln, chu nhidm Chuong trinh KHCN biln nhd nude thi Vien KHCN Viet Nam dd td chiic mpt hpi thao KH qudc gia ddu tidn v l iinh vyc NLB Hdi thao eung bit ddu mdt giai doan mdi, vdi vipc ket ndi dupe sd it cdc nhd KH tir Vien KHCNVN, Bd KHCN, tap doan dipn lyc, vd ndu dupe nhilu van d l cin phai tilp tyc phdt triln nhu cd chl, chinh sdch, tdi chinh, gid bdn didn Mdt d l tdi nghidn ciiu, ddnh gia cdc ngudn Ndng lupng biln GS Nguydn Mpnh Himg thudc Vien Co hpc lam chu nhipm, da so bd dua biic tranh cac ngudn NL trdn viing biln Viet Nam vdo ndm 2010 Trong cdc hdi nghj hdi thao vd didn dan v l NLB ndm 2009, 2011 thi sy tranh ludn ve NLB da trd ndn sdi ddng hon nhilu vd ddng y ring 12 Bien Viet Nam Thdng 8-2012 trien vpng NLB eua Vidt Nam rat ldn Cde nha KH tir Vidn KHCN VN, Bp Cdng thuang, Bp TNMT, Bd KHCN d i u rdt quan tdm vd mong mudn cde cdp quan ly quan tdm, xdy dyng chinh sach uu dai phuc vu phat triln NL biln, ddc biet sdm xem xet den ca che gid dien cho NL tdi tao, NL biln vd sdm lap Trung tdm nghien ciru NLB Odng thdi VN nen sdm cd nghien ciru chi tiet them ve NL biln de ddng gdp eho an ninh ndng lupng qudc gia Ndm 2011 dy an didn gid bien thuong mai dau tien tren bien Viet Nam dupe khdi cdng tai ven bien Bac Lieu, vdi sy d i u tu Ndm 2012 da ed tiep cdn vdi Ban Dieu hanh OES vd hy vpng sdm hodn thu tuc d l Viet Nam so tham gia sdm nhat Id thdnh vidn td chuc ndy Tinh hinh phat trien va thj truong KHCN dien-NL biln: Tinh din thdng 12/2011, 19 qudc gia la vidn OES: Dan Mach, Bd Odo Nha, Anh, Nhdt Ban, Ireland, Canada, Hoa Ky, Bi, Oiic, Na Uy, Mexico, Tdy Ban Nha, Y, New Zealand, Thyy Diln, Australia, Han Qudc, Nam Phi, Trung Qudc (2011) Cae qudc gia dy kiln se tham gia nhung ndm tdi, bao gdm nude Phin Lan, Phap, Brazil, An Od, Hd Lan, Chile vd Indonesia Da cd hiep djnh OES (20012005), (2006-2011) va (2012-2017) dupe ky ket va thyc hien K l hoach hang ndm trinh qua tilu ban eua Ban Dilu hdnh hien tai Id Anh, Ai Len, Dan Mach va My, sau dd trinh lEA Sd dyan nghien cuu, triln khai (RD) da phdt trien rat manh trdn todn vimg biln vd dpi duong, ddc bidt tai cdc vimg ven biln vdi nhihig canh ddng didn gid biln khdng Id tai Due, Dan Mach, Anh OES cd t i m nhin ddi han Id ddn ndm 2050, vipc sii dyng ndng lupng biln vdi chi phi epnh tranh trdn co sd ben viing cung cap thi phin quan trpng de ddp iing nhu elu ndng lupng tuong lai Cy the Id ngdnh ndng lupng dpi duong thi gidi din 2050 se lao 160.000 vide Idm, san xuat 748 GW, luu trir 5,2 ty tan CO, Sii mdnh OES la tao thudn Ipi vd phdi hpp nghien ciiu, phat triln vd trinh diln ndng lupng dai duong thdng qua hpp tac qudc te vd trao ddi thdng tin, ddn din vide triln khai vd thuong mai hda bin viing, hidu qua, dang tin cdy, cdng nghe nang luong canh tranh ve chi phi va xem xet ve an toan moi trudng dai duong Hipn tai dd ed mdt sd dang ndng lupng biln da dupe khai thdc thdnh didn ndng tir gid ngaoi khoi, sdng, thuy trieu, mdn vd rat phd bien la cdng nghd dipn sdng biln Cd nhilu qudc gia da phdt trien dien biln thdnh cdng nhu: Anh, Na Uy, Thuy Diln, Canada, Dan Mach, Hdn Qudc, Tdy Ban Nha, Bd Dao Nha, Niu Di Ldn Theo hinh 2,3 viing bien Viet Nam rat tiem nang nSng luang thuy trieu, nhiet nuoc bien 15 000 12 000 000 ^ Hinh Nha may dien thuy tneu Ion nhat the giai Sihwa Han Quoc 6000 000 , ne^ leanir.gt/co -g Successful comt>'evo"c'p'0vings:3ge ^^ô'ã accelefatefl cos' reAjc: or (n-eoiur- ear - ^grates Hinh Nhu cau cac loai nang lupng nang luang tai tao theo cac kich ban (lEA 2011) a**-*- 2010 ) • • • C\- 2015 2020 2025 2030 2C35 Hinh So gia dien song tinh trung binh toan cau (OES 2011) Hinh Ban tiem nang nang luong thuy trieu toan cau (theo OES, 2011) mo Hinh Bdn dd tilm ndng lupng nhidt biln OTEC, (OES, 2011) ;cis K;Z 2025 2^J: :•:;: ".:'- ^:-f '-'-'- Hinh So dd gid thdnh didn thuy trieu tinh trung binh todn cau (OES, 2011) Thdng 8-2012 13 Qua hmh 5, hmh cho thay gia san xuat dien bien giam thi gia dien bien se canh tranh, va phu hop vdi thi trudng Viet Nam se co co hoi phat trien dien bien tot voi toan cau Cdng nghe dien sdng bien Pelamis (da thuong mai hda tu2008) i £ 1 ::::: J JJJ 1 i Hinh So phat trien dien gid biln du kien cua chau Au Hinh Cong nghe Pelamis (Ai len) Pelamis hap thu nSng luong ciia song bien va chuyen doi no dien May co hinh "con r§n" tren be mat ciia nuoc bien, bao gom mot sd bo phan hinh tru ndi voi bang cac khop ban le Khi song di xuong theo chieu dai ciia mdy nhiing phdn ndy udn lupn tuong ddi vdi Cdc chuyin dpng tpi mdi nhjp chdng lai vdi xi lanh thuy lye cd bom chit Idng vao bp chira dp suit cao cho phep phat dien dupe thdng sudt, lien tuc Kiem sodt sy ddi khang dupe dp dyng bdi cdc xi lanh thuy lue eho phdp phat didn dupe tdi da sdng nhd, va ed nhung phdn ung dl dupe giam thilu bdo Tdt cd cdc hd thdng phdt didn dupe ddng kin vd ludn khd bdn may vd ngudn didn dupe chuyin din bd biln bing cdch sir dyng ddy cdp dudi biln vd cdc thilt bj theo tieu chuin f r Hinh Tude bin gid ngodi khoi dao Samso, Dan Mach Hien trang nghien cuu ndng lupng bien tai Viet Nam Hipn tpi nghien cuu NLB Viet Nam mdi d giai doan so khai, chiing ta ed eac nghidn cuu so bd vd tgheo kit qud nghien cuu ciia GS Nguydn Manh Himg da cd dupe mdt vai tai lieu v l mat dp cua cac dang ndng lupng biln chii ylu: buc xa mdt trdi vimg biln, gid bien, sdng biln vd thuy trilu (hinh 10-13) md chua Pelamis Id mdt mdy ehuyin ddi ndng lupng cd nhiing iing dyng cy thi phdt didn trdn biln sdng ngodi khoi, hoat ddng d dd sdu ldn hon Tilm ndng Buc xa mdt trdi biln (dd img dyng 50m, thudng cdch 2-10 km tir bd biln tren sd ddo): Tilm ndng gid biln ( da ung Kl hopch phdt triln mpnh eua didn gid trdn dung trdn cdc dao va ven biln ddng bang sdng biln cua chdu Au Cuu Long): Tilm ndng sdng bien (dang cd Anh, Dan Mpch, Due dang xdy dyng cdc dy cdc dy an thu nghipm tai cdc vimg ven biln): dn didn gid biln 200- 500 MW Hidn tpi didn gid Tiem ndng thuy trieu vd ddng chdy biln biln biln cua chdu Au da Id 10000MW, vd se tdng (dang thilt k l dy an, tai Cd Td, cira sdng tir nhanh ldn 70000 MW vdo ndm 2020 Vung Tdu din Cd Mau): 14 Bien Viet Nam Thdng 8-2012 Hinh 10 NL BXMT bien Viet Nam Hinh 11 NLgio bien Viet Nam (10m) ? u