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NANG CAO NHAN THtTC V^ PHONG C H 6 N G VA GIAM NHE THifiN TAI CHO GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH TRONG NGANH GIAO DUC i MOT S6 KHAI NifiM CO BAN vt THifiN TAI 6 VlfiT NAM 1 Thien tai la gi? Thien tai (tai biln[.]
NANG CAO NHAN THtTC V^ PHONG C H N G VA GIAM NHE THifiN TAI CHO GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH TRONG NGANH GIAO DUC PHAM QUANG T I £ N ' i MOT S6 KHAI NifiM CO BAN vt THifiN TAI VlfiT NAM Thien tai la gi? Thien tai (tai biln thien nhien, tham hpa) la su thay ddi ddt ngdt vi manh liet cua tu nhien cic nguyen nhin khic thudng, cd anh hudng ghe gdm tdi dilu kien tu nhien va mdi trudng tren Trii Dit, giy tham hpa cho ddi sdng ngudi (nui lia, ddng dit, sdng thin, bao lut Id nui, v.v ) Thi^n tai tren the giii vi Viet Nam Tren pham vi toin ciu, thien tai dupc du bio se xay ngiy cing nhilu hon vl loai hinh va tin suit xuit hien, phic tap han vl diln biln va nghiem trpng han vl hiu qua Su ndng ien toin ciu vi bi^n ddi khf hiu, cic hien tupng EI Nino, La Nina vi su gia tang cic can bao nhiet ddi, han hin v.v gin diy tren thi gidi va khu vyc da cd tic ddng tryc tilp din tinh hinh thdi tilt va thien tai d nudc ta Trong hai thip ky qua, tren thi gidi, trung binh mdi nim cd hon 200 trieu ngudi chiu anh hudng tryc tiljp bdi nhttng tham hpa thien tai giy Viet Nam, 10 nim gin diy (1997 - 2006), cic loai thien tai nhu: bao, lu, han hin va cic thien tai khic da lam thiet hai ding kl vl ngudi va tai san, da lam chit vi mit tich gin 7.500 ngudi, gii tri thiet hai vl tii san ude tinh chie'm khoang 1,5% GDP Mic dd thien tai d Viet Nam cang gia ting ca vl quy md cttng nhu chu ky lip Iai kem theo nhiing ddt biln khd ludng Viet Nam cd vi tri dia ly trai dai tren hon 15 vi dd, cd bd biln dai tren 3.260 km, nam d khu vuc khf hiu nhiet ddi im gid mua, dia hinh phic tap cttng vdi he thdng sdng ngdi day die da tao nhilu khac biet vl cac tilu vung khf hiu, sinh thai va sy da dang vl cac loai hinh thien tai nhu bao, lu lut, lu quit, han hin, sat trupt dit V.V Chiu anh hudng tryc tilp cua m trung tim bao Thii Binh Duong, hang nam nudc ta thudng chiu anh hudng cua trung binh ttt - bao va ap thip nhiet ddi Ben canh dd, vl mat chi quan, qui trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dang diln nhanh chdng tren mpi miln dit nudc, tao sy phit triln toin dien, nhung ddng thdi cung lam ting cic nguy co hilm hoa trudc thien tai Nhung tic ddng cua ngudi phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi khdng tuin theo cic quy luit ty nhien hoac budng Idng quan ly, kilm soat vl tii nguyen mdi trudng cdng vdi sic Ip vl din sd, chung ta da cd nhiing hanh ddng thilu phtt hpp, nhu dao nui md dudng, lih sdng, lih biln, san ddi, nui dl xiy dyng; chit phi rttng da lam ting nguy ca mit ap toan cd thien tai, anh hudng din phit triln kinh t l va phi huy mdi trudng Thien tai da, dang la ylu td tic ddng manh me din cudc sdng cua ngudi va sy phit triln bin viing cua di't nudc Cac loai thien tai chu yeu or Viet Nam 3.1 Bdo Viet Nam nim d khu vyc Tiy Bic Thai Binh Duong la mdt nhttng vung bao vdi sd lupng Idn va cudng dd manh vdi xu thi cang gia tang, dac biet la thap ky gin day Bao la mdt nhiing loai hinh thien tai chu y^u va nguy hilm d Viet Nam, vdng hon 50 nim (1954 - 2006) da cd 380 trin bao va ip thip nhiet ddi anh hudng din Viet Nam, dd 31% dd bd vao Bic Bd, 36% dd bd vao Bic va Trung Trung Bd, 33% dd bd vao Nam Trung Bd va Nam Bd Bao vao thudng gap lie trilu cudng nudc biln ding cao, kem theo mua Idn keo dai, giy lu lut Cd tdi 80 90% dan sd Viet Nam chiu anh hudng cua bao * Pham Quang Ti^n.TS Trirdng phdng nghien ciiu CNGD trung hoc-VWn KHOD Vitt Nam Pham Quang nin - NSng cao nhdn thirc vi phdng chong vd giim nhe thien tai 3.2 LU lut Lu ede sdng Bdc Bd Sdng Hdng vi sdng Thii Bmh cd dien tfch luu vyc 164.300 km^ dd phin luu vyc thudc lanh thd Viet Nam li 87.400 km^ bao gdm 23 tinh, thinh phd, ehilm 75,7% dien tich ty nhien cua toin Bic Bd Mtta lu tren he thdng sdng Hdng va sdng Thii Binh thudng xuit hien sdm so vdi cic vttng khic, ttt thing din thing Trung binh mdi nim cd ttt din trin lu xuit hien tren luu vuc Ttty theo quy md cua trin lu ma cd thdi gian klo dai ttt -15 ngiy Nhttng trin lu Idn tren sdng Hdng sdng Da, sdng Thao, sdng Ld tao thinh Trong dd sdng Da cd vai trd quylt dinh vi thudng ehilm ty le 37% 69% Iupng lu d Son Tiy (binh quin 49,2%), sdng Ld ehilm ty le Iupng lu 1741,5% (binh quin li 28%), sdng Thao ehilm ty le ft nhit 13 30% (trung binh 19%) Lfi sdng Thii Binh sdng Ciu, sdng Thuong, sdng Luc Nam va mdt phin nudc ttt sdng Hdng qua sdng Dudng Bien dd myc nudc lu tren he thdng sdng Hdng dao ddng manh, tai Hi Ndi dao ddng d mic tren 10 m Dao ddng myc nudc tren sdng Thii Binh tai Pha Lai d mic tren m LU ede sdng mien Trung Cic sdng ttt Thanh Hda din Hi Tinh, mtta Itt xuit hien ttt thing din thing 10 Cac sdng niy lu tip trung chu ylu ddng chfnh vi cd he thdng de ngin Ifl, bien dd dao ddng tren m vdi he thdng sdng Ma, tren m vdi he thdng sdng Ca Cic sdng ttt Quang Binh din Binh Thuin, mua lu xuit hien ttt thing din thing 12 Diy li khu vyc cd he thdng sdng ngin, ddc, lu ien nhanh, xudng nhanh Cic sdng b khu vyc niy cd he thdng de ngin lu thip hoic chua cd de Nudc lu khdng chi chay ddng chfnh mi cdn chay trin qua ddng bing, bien dd dao ddng tren m Ld cae sdng khu vite Tdy Nguyin Khu vyc niy khdng cd cic he thdng sdng ldn, Iupng mua trung binh nim nho, pham vi anh hudng hep, thudng mang die dilm lu nui Nghiin cCm Phit triin bin vitng, s61 (34) - Thing 3/2012 lu quit, bien dd Itt tai ciu Dabia tren sdng Dabladmic 10m Lii ede sdng mien Ddng Nam Bd Do cudng dd mua khdng Idn, cd Idp phu thyc vit va rttng nguyen sinh phong phi nen Ifl tren sdng Ddng Nai thudng khdng Idn nhung thdi gian ngip lu keo dii Tuy nhien, lich s i cung da cd nhiing trin lu ddt biln vdi cudng dd manh khic thudng nhu da xay vao thing 10 nim 1952, luu lupng dinh Itt ldn nhit tai Bien Hoi li 12.500 mVs Lu eac sdng ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long Lu chu ylu ttt thupng ngudn sdng Me Kdng d6 vl va chiu anh hudng tryc tilp cua thuy trilu kit hpp vdi kha ning dilu tilt cua Biln Hd Lfl diln biln cham, keo dai sudt khoang thdi gian ttt din thing nam, lam ngip hiu hit toan bd vung ddng bang sdng Ciu Long 3.3 Lu quit, lu biln dd Lu quit, Itt bun di thudng xay d vttng ddi nii, noi cd dd ddc Idn, cudng dd mua Idn ma dudng thoit nudc bit lpi Lu quet cung cd thi xay vd hd chia nhd, sat Id dit lip ddng chay Lu quit da xay vi cd nguy co xay hiu khip tai 33 tinh miln nui ca nudc thudc vung: vung nii phfa Bic, Trung Bd, Tiy Nguyen vi Ddng Nam Bd Do sy biln ddi cua khf hiu nhttng nam gin diy, lu quit xuit hien ngiy cang nhilu d nudc ta, binh quin cd ttt din trin lu quit xay mtta lu hang nim Cd nhihig noi lu quet xay nhilu lin d cung mdt dia dilm Lu quet thudng phit sinh bit ngd, xay pham vi hep nhung rit khdc liet vi thudng giy nhung tdn thit nghiem trpng vl ngudi va cua Cic trin lu quit diln hinh nhu: trin lu quit 27 thing nim 1991 tai thi xa San La; tran nim 1994 tai Mudng Lay, Lai Chiu; trin lfl quit tai Ha Tinh ngiy 20 thing nam 2002; tran Ifl quit nam 2005 tai Yen Bii Lu quit hien chua dy bio dupc nhung cd thi chu ddng phdng trinh bing cich khoanh vung nhttng nai cd nguy ca xay Ifl quit, xiy dyng he thdng canh bio 3.4 Ngdp Ang m Pham Quang Tien - Nang cao nhdn thCtc vi phdng chdng vd glim nhe thidn tai Ngip ung thudng mua Idn giy ra, d mdt sd vung thdi gian ngip ung keo dai Ngap ing ft gay tdn thit vl ngudi nhung anh hudng ldn din san xuit ndng nghiep va mdi trudng sinh thii 3.5 Han hdn vd sa mgc hoa Han han la loai hinh thien tai thudng xay d Viet Nam va ding t h i vl mic dd thiet hai sau bao va Ifl Trong nhflng nim gin diy, han hin lien tilp xay d khip cac vung ca nudc Han hin cd nim lim giam ttt 20 30% ning suit ciy trdng, giam sin Iupng luong thyc, anh hudng nghiem trpng tdi chin nudi va sinh hoat cua ngudi din Viec chdng han thudng gip nhilu khd khan thilu ngudn nudc, cic hd chia nudc thupng ngudn cflng bi can kiet Han hin keo dai se din din nguy CO hoang mac hda d mdt sd vttng, dac biet la vttng Nam Trung Bd, vttng cit ven biln va vttng dit ddc thudc trung du, miln nui 3.6 Xdm nhdp mnn Bd biln Viet Nam dai 3.260 km vdi nhilu cia sdng viy xim nhip man xay sudt dpc bd biln vdi mic dd khac Cd vung cd nguy co xim nhip man cao, dd la: cac tinli ven biln Tiy Nam Bd, cic tinh duyen hai miln Trung vi khu vyc luu sdng Ddng Nai Cic tinh ven biln Tiy Nam Bd la khu vyc chiu anh hudng xim nhip man nghiem trpng nhit vdi 1,77 trieu dit bi nhilm man, ehilm 45% dien tich Chi phf xiy dyng cic cdng trinh ngin man, gitt ngpt rit tdn kem 3.7 Td, ldc Td la hien tupng gid manh ddt ngdt, pham vi hep,_ dim miy ddng phit triln dac biet manh tao Td cd hudng gid thay ddi ddt ngdt, tdc dd gid ttt cip trd len Kem theo td thubng la mua rio, ci biet cdn cd ca mua di Ldc la vung gid xoiy pham vi rit hep nhung cudng dd gid lai rit manh (tuang duang gid bao manh), dim miy ddng manh vi cd ciu true die biet tao nen Hien tupng dupc gpi la vdi rdng Trong mdt dam miy ddng cd thi tao hai hoac ba vdi rdng cung lie va hop can Idc Ldc thudng klo theo mua rao, mua ddng va cd thi cd ca mua di kem theo cit, bui m Td vd ldc dlu la nhflng loai thien tai nguy hilm, thudng xay bit ngd, chua thi dy bio dupc nen hau qua rit khd ludng giy tic hai Idn, song tic hai cua ldc thudng nghiem trpng hon Td thudng kem theo gio manh giy dd ciy c^i, nha cia, phi huy dudng day thdng tin, dudng day tai di&i, lam dim tau thuyln cd nhd Ldc cd gid manh han, tdc dd ldn lai Uen tuc chuyin hudng nen thudng gay sy tan phi rit khdc liet Td, Idc thudng xuyen xay hang nam d Viet Nam Nhflng nim gin day sd lupng td, Idc cing gia ting 3JS Sgt lar Sat Id la loai hinh thien tai thudng xay Viet Nam, bao gdm: sat Id bd sdng, bd biln, cac sudn nii ddc va lun, nit dit Sat Id thudng cic nguyen nhin: ngoai sinh (do nudc), ndi sinh (do biln ddng dia chit) va din sinh (do khai thic khoing san bia bai hoac thi cdng cic cdng trinh) Sgt Id bd sdng la hien tupng phd biln xay hang nim d nudc ta tai cic sdng, sudi ca nudc, lam mit di sd Iupng ding kl dien tich dit d, dit canh tic; phi huy nhilu lang mac ven sdng Sat Id bd bien sdng, thuy trilu, nudc biln ding va ddng hai luu giy Sat Id bd biln din din hiu qua biln xim thyc vao dit liln, mit nha d, phi huy mdi trudng TrU0 Id ddi nui, sudn ddc thudng mua ldn tip trung, kit hpp vdi nai cd ciu tao dia chit ylu, tic ddng cua ngudi nhu: bat niii md dudng, chit phi ring Trupt Id ddi nui thudng kem theo lu bttn di, giy tdn thit nghiem trpng ddi vdi tinh mang va tai san cua ngudi din vung 3.9 Dgng ddt vd song thdn Ddng ddt la sy rung ddng mat dit, dupc tao bcri cic dich chuyin ddt ngdt cua cac khdi dia chit long dit, cic vu nd nui lia, cic vu trupt Id dit, sup dd hang ddng Ddng dit da xay Viet Nam song mdi chi vdi cip dd thip ^ Sdng thdn la song biln cd chu ky dai, Ian truyin vdi tdc dd ldn Khi tdi gin bd, ttty theo dd siu cua biln va dja hinh vung bd, sdng NgNin cdu PhM triin bin vitng, s61(34)-Thing 3/2012 Pham Quang Tiin - NSng cao nhan thdc vi phong chdng vd giam nhe thien tai thin cd thi dat dd cao ldn tdi hang chuc mit, trin siu vio dit liln, giy tham hpa ldn Sdng thin sinh hiu qua cua ddng dit b vttng diy dai duong Sdng thin chua xuit hien d Viet Nam song nhilu vung bd biln cua Viet Nam vin cd nguy ca chiu anh hudng cia sdng thin tilm in nguy co ddng dit d mdt sd nudc khu vuc 3.10 Nu&c biin ddng Nudc Men ddng la hien tupng muc nudc biln trung binh hang nim nhiing nim gin diy cao hon mic myc nudc biln trung binh nhilu nim anh hudng cia biln ddi khf hau toan ciu Danh gia m i c dp cac loai hinh thien tai xay or Viet Nam - Mic dp cao: bao, lu, lu quet, ldc td, chiy riJmg, han han Mic dd trung binh: sa mac hda, sat Id dit, xim nhip man, xdi mdn-ria trdi dit, gio khd ndng, lut, ddng dit - Mic dd thip: nudc biln ding, sdng thin, suong mudi, voi rdng, mua da, su cd hd nudc Cic viing Hiem hoa chinh Viing mii Bic BO, Trung BO Lu lut, sat Id dit, bao, 10 qu6t Vfing d6ng bing SOng H6ng LQ lut theo miia mua, bao, sat Id dit, bdi lang Cic tinh ven biln miln Trung Bao, lii qu6t, xim nhip min, han hin Viing Tiy Nguyen LQ qu6t, sat \b dit, han ban, chiy rimg, 16c Viing d6ng bing Nam bO Lii lut, bao, \6c, sat \b, chiy rilng, nhiem man II HAU QUA CUA THifeN TAI Hiu qua vl kinh te - xa hdi Thien tai d Viet Nam l i tic nhin giy can trd tryc tilp tdi sy phit triln kinh tl, phit triln bin viing, gia ting doi ngheo; Ii trd luc Idn qui trinh phin diu dat cac muc tieu phit triln Thien nien ky Viet Nam cd tdi hon 80% din sd cd nguy ca chiu anh hudng tryc tilp cua thien tai Thien tai xay vi da lam mit di nhilu qua cua qui trinh phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi ca nudc Chi tfnh rieng nim qua (2002 2006) thien tai da lam khoang 1.700 ngudi thiet mang, thiet hai tai san ude tfnh khoang 75.()00 ty ddng Thien tai lim gia ting sy phin hda mic sdng din cu, lim can trd va lam chim qui trinh xoi ddi giam nghlo, die biet d nhttng vttng thudng xuyen phai dd'i mit vdi thien tai Trung binh mdi nim c6 hang trieu lupt ngudi cin ciu trp bi thien tai Nhilu ngudi sd hp vtta mdi thoit khdi ngheo ddi thi lai bi tii nghlo bdi thien tai Nghiin cCru Phit triin bin vitng, $61(34)- Thing 3/2012 Thien tai anh hudng din phit triln giao due, phi hoai co sd ting giio due, gian doan thdi gian din trudng cua hpc sinh, die biet la d nhihig khu vyc miln nui va ddng bang sdng Ciu Long Thien tai cdn gay nhilu anh hudng bit lpi dd'i vdi cic nhdm din cu dl bi tdn thuong nhu: ngudi gia, ylu, ngudi tan tit, phu ntt va tre em Hiu qua ve moi trudng Thien tai tan phi, lim suy thoai, giy d nhilm mdi trudng sdng, tic ddng xiu dlh san xuit va ddi sdng cua cdng ddng - Hiu qua cua thien tai lam d nhilm ngudn nudc, phit sinh dich benh Hiu qua ve quoc phong, an ninh Phi huy cic cdng trinh qude phdng, an ninh - Suy giam ngudn dy trtt cua qude gia - Mit dn dinh ddi sdng xa hdi - Giy xao trdn trit ty an toan xa hdi Hiu qua den giao due EE! Pham Quang Tien - Nang cao nhdn thirc vi phong chong vd giim nhe thi§n tai Bao, Itt da phi huy hang trim ngdi trudng, hang nghin thiet bi dd dung giang day Lam gian doan viec day va hpc Hpc sinh va giio vien thudng phai nghi hpc hing tuin, thim chf hang thing sau bao lu Lam chin ddng tam ly hpc sinh cd ngudi than bi chit, hoac tham chf hang nam da cd nhilu hpc sinh bi nudc lfl cudn trdi, dac biet la ddng bang sdng Ciu Long Trfn Ifl nim 2000 da lam chit mit 762 ngudi, dd cd tdi 352 tre em, chu ylu tai ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long, ehilm hon 46% sd ngudi bi chit Thien tai da lam ting sy tut hiu cua cac tinh miln nui, miln trung va ddng bing sdng Cihi Long vl giio due Muc tieu 2.1 Muc tieu chung Tang cudng cdng tic giio due, tuyen truyin cho hoc sinh, sinh vien vl phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai; nghien ciu, dl xuit nhttng vin di nham giam nhe thien tai; nghien ciu nhttng md hinh trudng hpc, Idp hpc thfch ing mdi trudng nham giam nhe thien tai Huy ddng mpi ngudn lyc cua nginh giio due dl thyc hien cd hieu qua cdng tic phdng, chdng va giam nhe rui ro thien tai ttt din nam 2020, gdp phin quan trpng vao sy phit triln bin vttng cia dit nudc HI CONG TAC PHONG, CH6NG VA 2.2 Muc tieu cu the Den nam 2020, dam bao 100% cin bd G I A M NHE THIEN TAI TRONG quan li giio due, giio vien cic cip dupc tap CAC N H A T R U O N G CUA VlfiT huin, ning cao ning lyc va trinh dd vl cdng NAM tic phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien tai; tren 80% sd HS cac xa thudc vttng thudng xuyen Quan diem chung bi thien tai dupc phd biln kiln thic vl phdng, i/ Cdng tic phdng, chdng thien tai bao chdng lut bao va giain nhe thien tai gdm: phdng ngtta, ing phd va khic phuc hiu qua nham giam thilu thiet hai thien tai gay Tit ca cic trudng hpc d nhttng vttng cd ra, dam bao phit triln bin vttng, gdp phin dn nguy CO cao xay thieii tai xiy dyng dupc kl dinh xa hdi, bao dam an ninh, qude phdng hoach phdng trinh thien tai, cd he thdng thdng tin lien lac va xiy dyng dupc lyc lupng ii/ Mpi cdng din, cic td chic, ci nhin nudc ndng cdt cd chuyen mdn, nghiep vu vl giam ngoai sdng tren lanh thd Viet Nam cd nghia vu nhe thien tai, hd trp nhin din cdng tic thyc hien.viec phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien tai tai Dua kiln thic phdng trinh giam nhe iii/ Cdng tic phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien tai vio chuong trinh dao tao cua trudng thien tai thyc hien theo phuang chim nha hpc phd thdng & dai hpc nudc va nhin din cung lam Cac nhiem vu chu ylu iv/ Ndi dung phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien tai phai dupc ldng ghep quy hoach 3.1 Cdng tic tuyen truyin, giio due, phd cua nganh Giio due biln kiln thic, thdng tin, ning cao nhin thic cua GV, HS vl cdng tic phdng chdng, giam v/ Cdng tic phdng, chdng va giam nhe nhe thien tai va hanh ddng thfch ing cua thien tai li'y phdng ngtta la chfnh, khdng nganh GD-DT ngttng nghien ciu tic ddng cua biln ddi khf hiu toan ciu, nudc biln ding va nhflng hien Pho biln, tuyen truyin va quin triet cic tupng bit thudng khac cua khf hau dl phdng, chu truong, quan dilm cia Ding va Chfnh tranh phu va cua nganh GD & DT cho CBQL, GV va HS vl viec thyc hien Chiln lupc qude gia vi/ Cdng tic phdng, chd'ng va giam nhe phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai din nim thien tai phai phit huy va k l thtta kinh 2020 nghiem truyin thdng, due rut cic bai hpc kinh Xiy dyng ki hoach phd biln rdng rai din nghiem, kit hop vdi kiln thic, cdng nghe toan nginh Giio due cic cam kit cia Nhi hien dai va ting cudng hpp tic qud'c tl Nghien dJtu Phit triin bin vOng, si (34) - Thing 3/20 Pham Quang Tidn - NSng cao nhan thOc ve phong chdng va giim nhe thien tai nudc Viet Nam, Chfnh phu Viet Nam, cua Nganh GD &DT ddi vdi cic td chic Qude te vl phdng chdng vi giam nhe thien tai Thilt lap he thdng thdng tm, trang WEB cua Ban chi dao phdng chdng thien tai cia Bd GD vi DT, phdi hpp vdi cic Sd GD d dia phuong, cac trudng Dai hpc va Cao Dang ca nttdc - Td chic cac hdi nghi, hdi thao chuyen dl, cic Idp dao tao bdi dudng tap huin kien thic vl phdng chdng, giam nhe thien tai cho cin bd giio vien va hpc sinh toan nganh GD 3.2 Dio tao ngudn nhin lyc, ting cudng cdng tic nghien ciu KHGD, dl xuit cic giai phip giam nhe thien tai, thfch ing vdi nhttng ioai hinh thien tai d cic vttng LTng dung CNTT thu thip, luu trtt, x i If thdng tin Xiy dyng he thdng luu trtt va CO sd dtt lieu phuc vu cho cdng tic nghien cin dy bio, hoach dinh chiln lupc phdng chdng thien tai cua nganh GD Xiy dyng vi triln khai nghien cihi cic cdng trinh khoa hpc cd lien quan din viec dua cic ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai vao ndi dung cic mdn hpc hien hanh va chuong trinh mdi sau 2015 Phuang phip ning cao nhin thic cua hpc sinh viec chi ddng phdng tranh, tham gia tfch eye khic phuc hiu qua, dl xuit cic giai phip phtt hpp vdi dia phuang Dio tao ngudn nhin lyc, xiy dyng cic giio trinh, cic chuyen khao, cic mdn hpc mdi Phin diu din nim 2020 cd dupe mdt ddi ngu cdng tic vien cd trinh dd, lim ndng cdt d cic dia phuang thudng xay thien tai 3.3 Xiy dung he thdng chfnh sich, bien soan chuong trinh, ndi dung, tai lieu phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai phtt hpp vdi cac dd'i tupng, Idng ghip tfch hpp cic kiln thic, kl ning, vl thien tai vao chuong trinh GD, gid chfnh khoi vi ngoai khoa Tip huin trang bj kie'n thic & ki ning cho CBQL & GV, cdng tic vien theo tttng vttng xay cic loai hinh thien tai diln hinh Xiy dyng co ch^ chfnh sich ldng ghep, tfch hpp cic ndi dung thien tai vio chuong trinh phit triln va quy hoach nganh GD & DT tim nhin din nam 2020 - Xiy dyng co chl phdi hpp gitta Bd GD & DT vdi cic Sd GD, cic trudng hpc tren ca nudc; Gitta Bd GD&DT vdi Trung uong va cic tinh phd cd cttng chic nang va nhiem vu phdng chdng thien tai - Bien soan tai lieu, Sd tay kiln thic vl cic loai hinh thien tai nhu: bao; lu-lut, Ifl quit Tip huam trang bi Jdin thic & ky nang cho CBQL & GV, cdng tic vien, theo timg vttng xay cic load hinh thien tai diln hinh (63 tinh, cip Tilu hpc, THCS, THPT, vdi 15 loai hinh thien tai xay d VN) Nghien ciu cic md hinh trudng, Idp hpc thfch hpp vdi cic vttng bao, lfl lut, lfl quit - Giio due phdng chdng thien tai cho hpc sinh khdng chi nhim cung cip kiln thic ma quan trpng la hinh cic ky nang, nang lyc ing phd vdi tham hpa thien tai cd thi xay va chung sdng vdi nd Ddi vdi viec ldng ghep chuong trinh chfnh khda, nguyen tie la khdng lam thay ddi dac trung, khdng gay qui tai cho chuong trinh mdn hpc; khai thic ndi dung giio due phdng chdng thien tai cd chpn lpc, cd tinh tip trung, khdng gupng Ip 3.4 xay dyng vi hoan thien he thdng van ban quy pliam phip luit vi co chl chfnh sach vl phdng chdng vi giam nhe thien tai Xiy dyng va hoan thien he thdng van ban quy pham phip luit, co chl, chfnh sich lien quan din viec xiy dung, dilu chlnh chuong trinh hpc tai cac cip phd thdng nham phd biln kiln thic ca ban vl thien tai vi cic bien phap phdng trinh Dd la: + Vin ban hudng din vl tieu chuin trudng hpc cac cip phtt hpp vdi tiing vttng thudng xuyen bi anh hudng bdi thien tai + van ban hudng din viec xiy dyng chuong trinh, cip nhit kiln thic ca ban vl thien tai va bien phap phdng trinh cho giio vien cic cip hpc theo tttng vung thien tai cu thi -I- He thdng vin ban quy pham phip luit lien quan din phdng chdng va giam nhe thien Nghiin ctru Phit triin bin vOng, s6l(34)- Thing 3/2012 m Pham Quang Tien - Nang cao nhan thdc vi phdng chong vd giim nhe thien tai tai khic ( Bd GD&DT tham gia xiy dyng luat Ridng chdng va giam nhe thien tai) Ra soat, ddi chieu he thdng cic van ban quy pham phap luat, cic chfnh sich cua nganh, kiln ngW, sia ddi, bd sung, xiy dung mdi cic van ban phip luit cdn thilu vl phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai d Viet Nam 3.5 Hpp tic qude t l viec nghien ciu, ning cao nhin thic GV, HS, CBQL viec giang day, td chic cic hoat ddng phdng chdng, giam thilu rui ro thien tai Chu ddng phdng trinh thay vi khic phuc hiu qua Lam thay cho ndi, tilp cin phdng trinh da hilm hpa Ting cudng hpp tic qude t l nghien ciu khoa hpc vl cic Iinh vuc thien tai d lia tudi hpc sinh Kit ndi vdi cac chuong trinh qude t l va khu vyc, trao ddi thdng tin, dio tao chuyen gia, thilt lip mang ludi song phuang vi da phuang dl giam thilu tdi da nhttng rui ro ma thien tai cd thi mang din Xiy dyng, dl xuit cic dl tii du in uu tien, tim ngudn tai trp cua cdng ddng qude t l cho cic chuong trinh ning cao nhan thic cua HS va GV, mdt luc Iupng ehilm sd ddng dan sd ca nudc Td chic cic diln din khoa hpc, chuyin giao cdng nghe va kinh nghiem cua qude t l va Viet Nam cho cdng ddng din cu sdng vung hay cd cic thien tai diln hinh Xiy dung ca chl huy ddng va s i dung ngudn vdn cd dupc hieu qua, thilt thyc - Cac boat ddng hpp tic qude t l cua nganh viec nghien ciu vl thien tai va bien phip phdng trinh, hpp tic dao tao, phd biln kiln thic Yeu ciu cia viec hpp tic qude t l nganh lien quan den Iinh vyc quan ly, phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai Thiet hai thien tai giy thudng vupt qui kha nang ing phd cua mdi qude gia, dac biet Ii nhung nudc dang phit triln Vi viy, m xay nhflng dai dich va thien tai 1cm cin su giup dd, hd trp cua cdng ddng qude tl Tham gia cac td chic giam nhe thien tai qud'c te khu vuc va tren thi gidi, nhu Trung tim Giam nhe thien tai Chiu A (ADRQ; Trung tam i>h6ng ngtta thien tai Chau A (ADPQ; ty ban Quan ly thien tai ASEAN (ACDM); Td chic Khf tupng thi gidi (WMO); Uy ban bao (TC); ddi tic Giam nhe thien tai (NDM-P); Cue Vien trp Nhin dao (ECHO) cua Uy ban Chiu Au Xiy dyng he thdng canh bio sdm thdng qua ve tinh, qua phit thanh, truyin hinh rV K^T LUAN Ke hoach thuc hien "Chien luge Qude gia ve phdng, chdng vd gidm nhe thien tai den ndm 2020 ciia Ngdnh GD vd DT" da quan triet quan dilm, nguyen tic chi dao va muc tieu cua Chiln lupc Qude gia vl phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai, dl ttt dd dl chuong trinh hinh ddng, k l hoach va cic giai phip cu thi Sy tham gia cua Bd GD va DT se gdp phin quan trpng vio sy cdng Chiln lupc Qude gia vl phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien tai din nim 2020 ma Thu tudng Chfnh phi da phe duyet ngiy 29-9-2009 theo cdng van sd 1820/ITg-KTN Viec dua chuong trinh giao due kiln thic phdng chdng thien tai vao cac loai hinh nha trudng cua Viet Nam da trd nen cip bich./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Chuong trinh Khoa hpc vi COng nghe dilm cip Nha nudc giai doan 2006-2010: "Khoa hoc vi cOng nghe phuc vu phong tranh thien tai, bao ve mOi trudng va sii dung hpp ly tai nguyen thien nhien"; B6 KH-CN 13/9/2006 Chuong trinh, k^ hoach hinh dOng thyc hien Chifo lupc Qu6c gia phong chdng va giam nhe thien tai cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao, 7/2010 NgNin cttu Phit triin bin vitng, si (34) - Thing 3/201 ... cudng cdng tic giio due, tuyen truyin cho hoc sinh, sinh vien vl phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai; nghien ciu, dl xuit nhttng vin di nham giam nhe thien tai; nghien ciu nhttng md hinh trudng... Thing 3/2012 m Pham Quang Tien - Nang cao nhan thdc vi phdng chong vd giim nhe thien tai tai khic ( Bd GD&DT tham gia xiy dyng luat Ridng chdng va giam nhe thien tai) Ra soat, ddi chieu he thdng cic... thien tai Thien tai xay vi da lam mit di nhilu qua cua qui trinh phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi ca nudc Chi tfnh rieng nim qua (2002 2006) thien tai da lam khoang 1.700 ngudi thiet mang, thiet hai tai