NLN''''105 5/2012*11 CONG NGHE KHAI THAC CHE BIEN VA SIT DUNG THAN DONG BANG SONG HONG TS Nguyin Thanh Sen Giam dSc BQL cite dwan Than DBSH Vinacomin I Gid''''I THIEU CHUNG Be than (56ng bSng s6ng Hong (DBS[.]
NLN'105-5/2012*11 CONG NGHE KHAI THAC CHE BIEN VA SIT DUNG THAN DONG BANG SONG HONG T S N g u y i n Thanh S e n - Giam dSc BQL cite dwan Than I Gid'I THIEU CHUNG Be than (56ng bSng s6ng Hong (DBSH) co vai trd quan trpng vi$c dam bao an ninh nang lygng cua Viet Nam vi ly c o ban- (!) Tiem nang ve than rat lan (theo dcinh gia g§n n h i t cua Ban quan ly cac d y ^n than DBSH- Vinacomin, khoang 30-60 ty tan); (ii) ChSt lyong than DBSH rat tot va r^t phCi hp'p cho nhu c§u phSt di^n, hoa khf, v^ luyen kim {thay than coke) Tuy nhien, vi6c khai th^c than DBSH co kh6 kh3n rat \(/n (i) Dieu ki?n mo-dia chat cua be than DBSH rat phLFc tap (d^ vach, da tru cua cac via than rat mem y6u v^ c6 tang d6 t y chya nyd'c ngam n^m tr&n Ccic via than); vS (ii) Dieu kien xa hoi-ty nhi6n rat nhciy cam ve moi t r y i n g ( n i m vung d6ng dan c y c6 tgp quan canh tac lua nyo'c) Vi v$y, cong ngh$ khai thac, che bien v^ s y dung than DBSH c i n dypc thy nghiSm vS nghifen eyu mpt cSch tong the, gSn vd'i hi?u qua kinh ii vS bao v$ mfli tryd'ng Trong Chiln lypc v^ Qui hoach ph^t trien ngSnh than d y p c Thu tydng Chinh phii phe duypt da Xcic dmh can thy nghidm logi hinh cong ngh6 khai th^c than DBSH la c6ng ngh0 ham 16 truyen thong vS cflng nghe hfla than ngam dy6'i I6ng dat (Underground Coat Gasification- UCG) Cflng nghe khai thcic ham 16 truyen thong cfl san pham Id than cam se dypc di cap b^i viet rieng Cflng ngh6 UCG c6 san pham la tong hpp (cfl thcinh phan tyong ty nhy thien nhien) Vi vSy cflng ngh0 che bien g^n chat vd'i cflng nghg khai thSc vd vd'i cflng nghg s y dyng Cong nghg khai thac than bang UCG cho phgp n i n g cao d y p c gia tri (chit lypng) cua san pham tong hpp b i n g cSc giai phdp ky thuat vd cflng nghe s y dung cho phep ndng cao d y p c gid tri s y dyng (higu qua kinh te) cua tong hpp b i n g cdc phycmg dn s y dyng khde II CdNG NGHE KHi HOA THAN N G A M DiyO\ L N G DAT 11.1 Ban chatcua cong nghe iK^ Khi hfla than ngam d y d i Iflng dat (UCG) thuOc ITnh VM'C khai thdc khodng san thflng qua cdc Ifl khoan b i n g cdc phyang phdp d y a tr&n c a so" cua cdc qud trinh ly'-hfla-dja {chenh Igch dp suit, o xy hfla, h6a tan, nung chay, ket tua, enzim v.v.) Ban chat ciJa UCG Id bien than dyfl-i Iflng d i t thdnh tong hpp vd sau dfl khai thdc tong hpp nhy thiSn nhign DBSH-Vinacomin C a SO" cua qud trinh bien than dyfl-i I6ng d i t thdnh long hpp Id phan (tng fl xy hfla cua nguySn to carbon {C) De xy hfla carbon (dot chdy than) dyfl-i I6ng dat ta phai d y a vdo vfa than xy vd nhiet (thydng Id khong cfl chya fl xy hode d y p c Idm giau v^ xy vd hai nyfl-c nflng) De qud trinh xy h6a carbon tao dyoe tong hpp {syngas) co thdnh phdn chdy d y p c nhy thign nhien (CO, H2, CH4) can dieu chinh lyong O; thdnh phan khi, nhiet dfl vd dp s u i t cua vd hai nydc nflng d y a vdo via than Qua trinh hod than xay cdc phan Cpng sau: - phan ijng ehdy {toa nhigt) cua than, hldro, flxit cdcbon va mg-tan: C + O2 = CO2 + 394 kJ/mol, CO + Yz O2 = CO2 + 286 kJ/mol, (2 1) (2.2) (2 3) (2.4) CH4 + 202 = CO2 + 2H2O + 801 kJ/ (2.5) 2C + O2 = C + 221 kJ/mol; H2 + 'A 02 = H2O + 242 kJ/mol; - phan Crng thu nhigt cua cdcbonic vd hai nydc: CO2 + C = C - 173 kJ/mol, (2.6) H2O + C = CO + H2 - 130 kJ/mol; (2.7) 2H2O + C = CO2 + 2H2 - 80,3 kJ/m (2.8) - cdc phan yng trao doi CO + HjO = CO2 + H2 + 41,8 kJ/mol; (2.9) CO + 3H2 = CH4 + H2O + 205 kJ/mol; (2.10) C + 2H2 = CH4 + 75,3 kj/mol (2.11) Qua cac phyong trinh hfla hpc trgn ta thiy: + Co phan yng tao cdc thdnh phan chdy dyoe cua tong hop (CO, H2, CH4) gom edc phan i>ng (2 2), vd tCr (2 6) den (2.11); + Nhiet lypng can thiet cho hod chu yeu giai phflng tLF cac phan Crng (21), (2.3), (2.4), (2.5), (2.9), (2.10), + Nhigt lypng cung d p dieu kign cho edc phan Crng vd cho qud trinh phdn than tir cac phan Crng ( H 8) 11.2 Cac k i t qua nghien ci>u c a ban v l cong nghe UCG Trong khufln kho cfl han cua bdi vilt, dydi ddy Chung toi chi gidi thigu tom t i t thflng qua cde hinh ve vd bieu cy the ve so d6 nguygn ly eua eflng nghg UCG {hinh 1); sa cdc khu vp-c phan ieng UCG (hinh 2.2); s y thay doi phan (hinh 2.3) vd s y thay doi nhigt ndng cua tong hpp thu dypc (hinh 4) 12* NLN-105'5/2012 Hinh 2.1 So- nguydn fy' cua hoa than theo phwo>ng an cua Cfiau Au (A) va My (B) Hinh 2.2 S& cac khu vwc phan img UCG \ CO, V "HT" A _C0 / Ax), 25 50 75 /,M 15 CH, 30 45 50 75 Hinh 2.3 S^r thay doi th^nh phan i^hi theo chiiu dii lienh phin (mg b a - phan Ling diSu l dung Cdc c h i tieu vd t h d n g s d c c bdn I SuHur, I steam I Till G m I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ » J1 g^ Ultra-Clean Orygoniitm Liquid Fuels Tham khao cdc chi tiSu ky thudt c6ng ngh6 vd cdc th6ng so chinh c6 lien quan den mii-c ddu tu', chi phi san xuat cua dy dn Chinchilla, chiing tSi tam du-a m6t kich ban de phdn tich vd danh gia tinh kha thi eua phu'ang dn thii nghiem d y k i l n then khai a ViSt Nam K i t qua tinh todn du'ae tong hap bang 3,1 nhu'sau lil.Z Phuvng an sif dung UCG de phat di&i Sau ddy Id phu'ang dn sCr dung tong hpp ty UCG d l dot kem nhd mdy nhiet dipn tgi Angren (Uzabekistan) dang d u a c van hdnh ty 1965 den m bbl/ndm 2,184,397 bbl/ndm Nhipt ndng cua diesel Tieu hao 6k san x u i t thung Cdng sudt ndng lu'png tdi da GTL Mi>c thu hoi nhya du'dng San lu'ong diesel ndm thu" 3+ San lu'png hydrocarbon Sdn lu'ong nhifa du'd'ng Hipu s u i t nang lupng cua nhd mdy S u i t d i u t y phan xu'd'ng lam sach 14 5,400 10,712,27 15 10 1,658,247 141,387 94,258 Tong mu'c ddu tu- phan xi/o'ng lam 33 90 121,169,1 S u i t d i u t u phdn xu'ong hda long Tong mu'c flau iir phan xu'd'ng hda 14,000 83,785,10 Tong nhu cdu vdn d i u tu" nha mdy 204,974.2 T i n g v6n d i u tu' D y an UCG+GTL 252,103,3 Gia ban hydrocarbon Gid ban nhya du'ang Gia ban diesel (#42US/thung) Doanh thu ban hydrocarbon 70 280 84 GJ/barrel NmVbarrel GJ/ndm g/Nm' g/Nm' barrel s/ndm t/ndm t/ndm US/NmVh U$ U$/barrels/ US US U$ U$/t U$/t US/barrel U$/ndm Doanh thu ban nhya du'dng 9,897,116 26,392,30 Doanh thu bdn Diesels ndm thu' +3 139,292,7 U$/ndm T6ng doanh thu tu' ndm thii 3+ H§ s6 huy d^ng cflng suat ndm thu' 175,562,1 U$/ndm Chl phi lam sach 1Nm3 Chl phi van hanh GTL Thue sua! Iheo qui dinh cua Nha Chl phi vdn hanh GTL Tong chl phi vdn hanh nha mdy GTL Tong chl phi (UCG+GTL) Gia phan xu'ong ddu diesel EBITDA nhd may diesel Tong Ira no- ngdn hdng b/q ndm Lai tru'O'c thud, tru'de k h i u hao, sau Thci gian hodn v6n S c nguyen ly ket hp'p c o n g nghe UCG vo'i cong nghe phat dien IGCC nhu- s a u : d/vi tinh 1,745,523 Cdng sudt lap ddt GTL Chi phi van hanh n/m Ipc AMtpeMCKan T3C Gid tri Cdng s u i t san xuat ddu diesi Miic thu hdi Hydrocarbon Thyc te a Chinchilla (Oc), nhd mdy c h l bien thu du'p'c ty UCG thdnh ddu diesel (GTL) g i m phan xu-ang chinh* phan xu'ong Ipc (ldm sach) va phdn xu-ang hoa long diesel Trong qud trinh Ipc khi, ta co the thu du'ae cac san pham phg cp gid tri Id nhya du'ang vd hydroeacbon UCG de 95 0-00090 U$/ndm % U$/Nm' 5.30 U$/barel 25 8,467,925 9,256,561 17,724,48 US/litre US/ndm 58,336,85 US/ndm US/barrel 35 18 117,245,3 U$/ndm US/ndm 37,298,78 US/ndm U$/ndm 79,946,51 U$/ndm ndm Tren eo sa coi UCG vd nhd mdy dien IGCC Id mot to hap ndng lu-png vd tham khao cdc th6ng so ky thuat chu yeu cua nhd mdy nhi6t dien ehgy bdng cong nghp IGCC de tinh todn mpt kich ban dp dung cho be than DBSH, ket qua ddnh gid tinh kha thi v6 mat kinh te eua vi$c su- dung UCG de phdt dien bdng IGCC dieu kipn a DBSH du'pc tong hpp bang 3.2 nhu- sau /// So sanh lua chon phwong dn si> dung UCG Theo ket qua tinh todn nhu' trinh bay tr§n, so sdnh phu'ang dn sil dung UCG ta e6 the th^y, cung mOt dieu ki^n dau vdo (phuang dn UCG) nhunhau, phuang dn si> dung tong hpp cua c6ng nghp UCG de ch^ bi^n tiep thdnh diesel c6 hl$u qua kinh le cao han so vP'i phuang dn dCing de phdt di0n Cy the dupe tong hpp bang 3 nhu sau: 16* NLN-105'5/2012 Bang 3.2: Phwang dien bang IGCC an sw dung UCG de phat Cdc chi tieu vd thdng s d chinh Gid tri d/vjtinh Cdng sudt d | l cua n/m di#n IGCC 335 MW Cdng suit phdt len li^di IGCC 301 MW Tieu hao nhi^t 14 GJ/IVIWh Hp so huy dpng cong sudt n/m di|n 90.00% Ton thit dipn chuyen tai den cai 1.00% Suit dau tu" n/m (Jien IGCC 750,000 U$/MW Tong von d i u tu n/m dipn 251,039,160 U$ Tong von ddu tu' Du- dn UCG+IGCC 298,168,281 U$ San lu'png c i n cho phat dien 1.211,892 San lu'png c i n cho phat dipn 8,483,241,882 Nm^/ndm Ti6u hao khi cdng sudt phat ai#n cu'c dpi 28,917,000 GJ/ndm San lypng di^n phat len lypi 2,351,281 MWh/ndm Gia bdn di$n 50 USWIWh Doanh thu bdn dipn 117,564,049 US/ndm Chl phi tri n/m dipn c6 d|nh 1,244 US/MW Chl phi tri n/m dien biin doi 533 Chi phi bao h i i m tinh tren vdn 30% Don gia vp smh mdi tnj'dng 105 US/MW nam Chl phi tri n/m dien 595,000 US/ndm Phi bao hiem tinh tren v6n 753,117 U$/ndm Nm% US/MWh Chl phi vp smh mdi liud'ng 35,000 U$/ndm Tong chl phi IGCC 1,383,117 U$/ndm T6ng chl phi IGCC+UCG 41,995,489 US Gia thdnh di0n thuong pham 18 US/MWh EBITDA UCG+IGCC 75.568,559 U$/ndm Tong tra np ngdn hang ti/q nam 44,114,104 US/ndm Ldi tru'de thui, tni'd'c khdu hao, sau tra np 31,454,455 U$/ndm Thdi gian hodn v6n ndm Bang 3.3 So sanh cac phwang thu dwgv tw UCG 3, Cdc chi tieu so s d n h chinh Tdng san lypng UCG (mVnSm) San lypng dau diesel (thiinq/ndm) Sdn lu'png di^n (GWh/ndm) Gia Gid ban Tong md'c d i u l y (US) Tong chl phi van hanh (US/ndm) Tong doanh thu (US/n) a a 10 an SCP dung UCG+GTL UCG+IGCC 9,425.824,31 1,745,523 9.425.824.313 2,351,281 35,18 U$/thunq 84 US/thung 50US/MWh 18U$/MWh 252,103,396 298,168,281 58,336,853 41,995,489 175,582,161 117,564,049 EBITDA (U$/nam) 117,245,303 75,568,559 Thpi gian hodn von (ndm) g lil.4 Ve kha nang ket hap cong nghe UCG vai chon cat CO2 Do dgc tinh ve cau trOc phan tu eua than, cdc via than thu-ang chiJa CH4, vd CH4 ndy Vnniyng duac khai thac ti> cdc via than bdng phuang phdp bam hut thflng qua cde 16 khoan tu mat dat Theo ddnh gid cua cdc doi tac nuac ngodi lidn danh vb-i PetroVietnam tham dd than tgi DBSH, mi>c chua CH4 cdc via than a DBSH rat thap Chinh vi vdy, qua nghifin CLHU chiing toi thay doi vai cde via than khflng du dieu kifln de ^3 di,jng cflng ngh$ UCG hay sau dp dyng cong ngh$ UCG ta can nghien eyu them kha ndng si> dyng chung cho vipc chon c i t C02 (cflng ngh0 CCS) Dieu r i t cfl y nghTa niu khai thdc than bdng cflng ngh$ ham Ifl a DBSH cung kha thi se cho phep xdy dyng ca cdc nhd mdy nhidt difin ehgy than cdm bdng cdc cflng ngh$ CFB hay than phun truyen thong IV NHAN XET VA K | £ N NGH! IV.1 Nhan xet T y kfit qua so sdnh trfin ta cd the nit m^t SO nhan xfit sau: Cac chl tifiu kinh te ky thupt dup'c dy tinh nhu trinh b^y tren deu a mye trung binh tifin tien, CO rui ro It, cfl the chcip nhdn dupe Cong nghp UCG kfit hop v&t GTL va/hodc IGCC deu CO hifiu qua kmh tfi Trong dP + Phuang an UCG+GTL cfl hifiu qua kmh te cao han (cfl Ipi han cho chu ddu tu); + Phuang dn UCG+IGCC cho gid thdnh di$n khflng qud 0,05 U$cents/kWh (cfl t h l chap n h | n dupe doi vfl-i nen kinh te) c6n cfl the ket hpp vai eong ngh0 CCS; + QUI mfl cua cdc d y dn cang (A'n, hifiu qua kinh te cang cao iV.2 Kien nghj T u nhung nh$n xet trfin, de tiet kifim chi phi vd nJt ngdn thd'i gian nhdm thuc hifin dupe cdc muc tifiu nhu da duac de qui hoach ngdnh than, chtJng toi kifin nghj trinh ty tnen khai thu nghidm, tham d6 vd khai thdc be than DBSH theo buo'c nhu sau, Buo'c 1: Trfin c a sa cdc 16 dd khoan thdm dfl than (khoang 110 16) vd da khoan thdm dau (khoang 100 16) a DBSH, Chinh phu giao Vinacomin lya chpn mpt so khu_vyc c6 difin tich khoang 5-1 Oha (xung quanh mflt 16 khoan cfl dieu ki^n thudn Ipi nhit) de tien hdnh t h u nghifim cong nghfi UCG (cflng suit khoang M O M W ) ; Bufl-c Nfiu thu nghifim UCG buP'C thdnh cflng, se tien hdnh tham dfl m a rpng khu vyc d6 Ifin khoang 5-10km^ de t h u nghipm a qui mfi c6ng nghidp cdc phuang dn (UCG+GTL) vd/hodc UCG+IGCC (cflng s u i t khoang 300MW); BUO'C 3: Trfin ca s a trien khai bufl'c thdnh cflng, se (i) t i l n hdnh ddnh gid tim kiem trfin todn bfl b l than, d6ng thd'i (il) thdm dfl de m a rflng edc dy dn thi> nghifim 6* qui mo cflng nghifip Ifin qui mfl thuang mgi (cflng s u i t 600MW) / Abstract This article is tor the better understanding of technical and economical feasibility of the trial of coal mining, processing and utilization al the Red River Delta Coa< Basin onented by using Underground Coal Gasification technology (UCG) comliined with other technologies of syngas preparanon in order to convert syngas to diesel (Gas to Liquid) and for power generation (Integrated Gasiflcalion and Combined Cycle] Hd Ndi 16/3/2012 ... qui hoach ngdnh than, chtJng toi kifin nghj trinh ty tnen khai thu nghidm, tham d6 vd khai thdc be than DBSH theo buo''c nhu sau, Buo''c 1: Trfin c a sa cdc 16 dd khoan thdm dfl than (khoang 110... vai chon cat CO2 Do dgc tinh ve cau trOc phan tu eua than, cdc via than thu-ang chiJa CH4, vd CH4 ndy Vnniyng duac khai thac ti> cdc via than bdng phuang phdp bam hut thflng qua cde 16 khoan... r i t cfl y nghTa niu khai thdc than bdng cflng ngh$ ham Ifl a DBSH cung kha thi se cho phep xdy dyng ca cdc nhd mdy nhidt difin ehgy than cdm bdng cdc cflng ngh$ CFB hay than phun truyen thong