CHAUMYNGAY NAY S 6 07 2012 VAI TRO CUA HOAKY TRONG VAN DE BAO VE MOI TRlTONG TAI TIEU VUNG SONG MEKONG I Dfl Bao khu vflc song Mekong Dfl bfio khu vfle sfing Mekong l i mfit phfin cua Sfing kien Ha If[.]
CHAUMYNGAY NAY S 07-2012 VAI TRO CUA HOAKY TRONG VAN DE BAO VE MOI TRlTONG TAI TIEU VUNG SONG MEKONG (Bdi Eric Frater, U.S Embassy gidi thiiu) I Dfl Mekong Bao khu vflc song Dfl bfio khu vfle sfing Mekong l i mfit phfin cua Sfing kien Ha Iflu sfing Mekong thufic Bg Ngoai giao Hoa Ky dfldc Bg trfldng Hillary Clinton vfi cfic Bg trfldng Ngoai giao cua Campuchia, Lfio, Thai Lan, vfi Vifit Nam dfla nam 2009 nhfim tang cfldng quan he gifla My vfi cfic nfldc vung sfing Mekong linh vflc mfii trfldng, y tfi', gifio due, v i cd sd tfing Cue Khao sfit Dia chfi't Hoa Ky (USGS) dang hgp tac chat che vdi Bg Ngoai, giao nflde nfiy viec sii dung efie bfii nghifin eflu v i dfl lieu tfl Iflu sfing Mekong de cung cap kfi't qua thflc tfi' vl vifie Ifin k l hoach v i dfl dinh thflc hifin phuc hoi, bao tdn vfi quan ly Iflu vflc cho cac n h i hoaeh dinh chfnh sfieh tai cac nfldc thugc Iflu sfing Mekong Dfl bfio khu vflc sfing Mekong da eung cap mfit difin dfin cho cfic doi tac khu vflc, efie n h i khoa hgc, v i cfic ky sfl d khu vflc Iflu sfing Mekong chia se dfl lifiu, ho trg cfic n l lflc nghifin cflu dia phfldng vfi nfing cao kien thflc ve tfim quan trgng sfi'ng cua sfing Mekong vfi ding bing sfing Mekong vifie tri an ninh Ifldng thflc v i sinh k l khu vflc Cufi'i cflng, Dfl bfio khu vflc sfing Mekong se giflp cfic nhfi hoach dinh chi'nh sach dfla dflgc cac quyet dinh mang tfnh hilu bilt nhifi'u hdn ve viec l i m t h i nfio dl vung Iflu sfing Mekong mau phuc boi va dflgc b i n vflng trflde sfl biln dfi'i khf hfiu, tfing dan sfi', fip lflc kinh tl, v i eac tfie dfing khfic No lflc ban dfiu cua Dfl bfio khu vflc sfing Mekong nfim 2009 nhan manh tdi sfl hgp tfie ngfiy efing tfing gifla My v i cac qufi'c gia d vung Iflu sfing Mekong linh vflc mfii trfldng va an ninh Ifldng thflc Dfl bao khu vflc sfing Mekong lfi mfit phfin thufic Mang Ifldi Nghifin ci3^ Ding bftng v i Quan trac tofin' cfiu (DRAGON) dfldc hinh thfinh vdi tfl cfich l i mot cd sd tfch hgp dfl lieu, mfi hinh hfia, vfi cfic hfi thing quan 82 CHAU MY NGAY NAY t r i e nhfim giflp cac nhfi hoach dinh sinh thfii ciia sfing cung nhfl dong chfnh sfieh vfi cfing ehung hilu vfi di^ b i n g sfing Mekong Cfing eu GVT dofin k i t qua cua cfic dfl fin quan ly dflde t h i l t k l d l minh hga rfi cfic k i t nfldc vfi bifi'n dfi'i khf h^u khu qua dii( dofin mfi binh thuy vfin cua vflc Ha Iflu sfing Mekong USGS Cry ban sfing Mekong (MRC) v l difi'u hifin dang hgp tfie vdi chfnh phu vfi ki^n Iflu Ifldng sfing, chfit Ifldng cfic trfldng dai hgc thufic Iflu sfing nfldc, vfi dfi mfin eho efie kich ban Mekong cung cfi'p cac cfing cu lfip kfi' phfit triln khu v\fc khac bao hoach hflu fch d l b i l n thi vfi dfl gim ca dfip dfldc d l xufi't Cung doan b^u qua ciia bifi'n dfi'i khf b$u, vdi tJy ban sfing Mekong, Cijc Khao phat trifi'n tfii nguyfin nfldc vfi quan sfit Dia chfi't Hoa Ky cung dang chia sfi thfing tin vdi cfic t l chflc khfic ly sfing cflng hdp tfie thfle bifin nhflng cfing Trong nftm 2011, Dfl bfio khu vflc vifie lifin quan den cfic vfi'n d l trfin, sfing Mekong dang tifi'n h i n h mfit ehfing ban nhfl Vien Di san thifin loat cfic boat dfing de cung cfi'p t i i nhien vfi Quy Crane Qufic te lifiu cho n h i quan ly, giup xfiy dflng nfing lflc khoa hgc cua cfic to chfle Dfl an bao gom cfic nhifim vu sau: Iflu vflc Ha Iflu song Mekong, Xay dflng mfit hinh anh dfing trfin v i de ho trg cac nfi lflc nghifin eflu may tfnh cho mot nhanh phu Iflu dia phfldng sfing Mekong dfla trfin mfi hinh cao DU lieu trflc q u a n sfi' hda, gidi ban vfi cfic tfing ldp hfin USGS dang xay dflng mfit cfing cu quan dfi'n thuy vfin, chinh tri, v i sinh trflc quan hga (GVT) de bfi trg cac thfii tfl tfip hgp dfl hfiu cua USGS nfldc Iflu song Mekong viec Dfla mot mo phdng thdi gian tac tim hieu nhflng ldi fch v i hfiu qua dfing cua sfl thay doi thuy vfin vfi cac ciia cfic dfl fin phfit trien nguon tfii tac dfing hen quan de'n di cfl eua cfic nguyfin nfldc chftng ban nhfl dfip dan ca hi phfi v3, sfl thay dfi'i da dang thuy dien Cfing c u G V T nfiy se t i p sinh hgc vfi nfing sufit thuy san, difin trung vfio mfit dfip thuy difin hifin cfi tfch lua, vfi san xufi't efiy trdng tren mfit nhanh phu Iflu sfing sau dfip dfldc xay dflng Mekong vfi se chflng minh tifin ich Cung cfi'p tfi't ca cfic mfi hinh thuy cua vifie sit dung cac cfing eu trflc vfin trflc quan cflng vdi chu thich dl quan tai cac diem cua dfip dflgc de chiing minh cfic khai nifim vfi thuc xufi't tren nhanh chfnh ciia sfing dfiy vifie trao dfii dfl hfiu ciing nhfl y Mekong nham hieu ro hdn tfie dfing tfldng va dfla cfic san phfim cfi kha tiem nfing cua cac dfip thuy dien va nfing tfl bao vfi mfit cfich khoa hgc dfi dfip tfldi tieu doi vdi thuy van va dfldc cfic chuyen gia binh duyfit CHAUMYNGAYNAY S 07-2012 Xay dflng nang li^c khoa hoc Cue IQiao sat Dia chfi't (USGS) dang tham gia cflng cac doi tac khu vfle h£i Iflu sfing Mekong d l h§ trd phfit t r i l n nfing lflc khoa hgc dia phfldng vfi cfic nd lflc nghifin cflu b i n g e&eh cung cfi'p; Ho trd ky thufit cho mfit nghifin eflu ve cfic Chfi't fi nhiim hflu cd khfi phfin buy (POPs) dflng dfiu bdi cfic n h i khoa hgc tdi tfl Quy Crane qufi'c tfi', Dai hgc Khoa hgc t h i n h phfi' Hd Chf Minh, Dai hgc Cfin Thd, v i nhiing to chfle khfic Mang Ifldi Dai hgc thugc vflng dfi't ngfip nfldc sfing Mekong Trong mfit phfin cua hfii thao diln vfio thfing 12 nftm 2010 tai Dai hgc Khoa hgc tfl nhifin Viet Nam, USGS dfi hfi trd vifie phfit triln nghi thflc lfi'y mfiu dfi't, to chflc dao tao lfip ban dfi't ngfip nfldc vfi ky thufit lfi'y mfiu trfim tfch, vfi cung cfi'p hinh anh vfi tinh de giup xac dinh vi tri lay mfiu Mfit ehuyfin gia cao cfi'p v l dia chfi't thuy vfin cua USGS cfing tfie 90 ngfiy tai cfic vfin phdng MRC tai PhnomPenh, Campuchia bfit dfiu tfl thfing nfim 2011 Chuyfin gia ve dia chfi't thuy vfin sfi tfl vfi'n cho MRC mfit loat cac vfi'n de nflfic ngfim, chang b a n nhfl viec svl dung va sfl chuyen dfing nfldc ngfim xuyfin bifin gidi b khu vflc Iflu sfing Mekong vfi phfit trien ke hoach quan ly nfldc ngfim Cii hai nhfi khoa hgc ve khfing gian dia ly tdi cdng tfie 45 ngfiy t^i vien DRAGON, Dai hgc Cfin Thd Vifit Nam vfio mua He v i mfla Thu nftm 2011 Cfic n h i khoa hgc nfiy se tfip trung vfio vifie dao tao vfi bfi trg ky thu^t cho cfic sinh vien dai hgc vfi cac nhfi nghifin cflu v l phfit triln cd sd dfl lieu khfing gian, flng dung lfip ban trfin Web, va tich bgp dfl lifiu Cil mot chuyfin gia thuy vfin giang day mfit khfia hgc tai Thfii Lan ve vfin chuyfin trfim tfch cho MRC vfio mfla Xufin nftm 2011 Cfic chuyfin gia viln tham giang day mfit khfia lfip ban radar dfla trfin yfiu cfiu eua Dai hgc Cfin Thd Hfi trg phfit trien vfi tfii trg cfic dfl fin nhd tai Dai hgc Cfin Thd lifin quan d i n nghifin cflu thuy san, gifim sfit eha't Iflgng nfldc tai cfing dong, vfi viln thfim Cac boat dfing khfic lifin quan gfin dfiy bao gdm cung cfi'p he thfi'ng thfing tin dia ly (GIS) vfi dfio tao phfin doan tfl xa nfim 2010 tai cfic khda dfio tao cua Mang Ifldi Dai hgc thufic vflng dfi't ngfip nflfic sfing Mekong b i n g nfim, to chflc vfi tfii trg cho mfit phifin hgp dfie biet ve sfing Mekong tai hfii nghi Cfic vflng dong bftng xay bien ddi khf h|iu d Hfi Lan, v i tao dilu kifin thufin Igi cho viec ky k i t mfit Hiep dinh thfl gifla Bg Nfii vu Hoa Ky va Bfi Tfii nguyfin Mfii trfldng Vifit Nam S 07-2012 Chuyen giao tri thUc Hoa Ky cfi lich sii phfit trien thuy ldi vfi tfii li^u v l anh hfldng cua cfic dfip da nfing trfin hfi t h i n g cfic sfing ldn nhfl sfing Mississippi Cfic dfip thuy difin Iflu vflc sfing Mississippi mang lai n h i l u Igi fch bao gdm thuy difin, hfing hai, kilm sofit Ifl vfi thuy ldi, nhflng cung gfiy cfic h$u qua bao gIm si^ thay dfi'i bfi sinh thfii vfi qufi trinh thiiy vfin, de dga vfi gfiy nguy hilm cho thuy san vfi cac lofii trfin mfit dfi't USGS se nghifin cflu, sau dfi tong hgp cfic tfii lieu lich sii vfi hifin tai vfi tfip hgp dfl lifiu cho muc dfch mfi ta vfi Iflgng hda nhflng thay dfi'i v l Iflu Ifldng, chfi't Iflgng nfldc, sinh thfii, dia mao hgc vfi trfim tfch d Iflu vflc sfing Mississippi, bao gIm ca dong bfing chau tho sdng Mississippi Cfic tfii lifiu tong hdp se dflgc cfing bfi' nhfl mot bao cao eua USGS, qua dd eung cfi'p mfit cfich rfing rfii cfic tfii lifiu vfi nhflng phat hien dfi Cfic bfio cfio se lfi tfii lifiu cd sd eho vifie phat trien cfic ngudn tfii nguyen thifin nhifin nflde tai Iflu vflc cae sfing ldn vfi cung cfi'p cae bfii hgc kinh nghifim tfl nhie'u thfip ky trflde viec quan ly sdng Thfing tin nfiy cd the dflgc sii dung d l so sanh nhflng nfi Ifle vifie phuc hIi, bao ton, vfi quan ly Iflu vflc sfing Mississippi vdi viec phfit t r i l n tfii nguyfin nfldc dfi dflgc CHAU MY NGAY NAY dfla bao gdm efie dfip t h u y difin h$ t h i n g sfing ldn, vf du nhfl sfing Mekong C h i a s^ dit li^u Trang web mdi v l Di;( bao khu vijc sdng Mekong (http://deltas usgs.gov/fm/) ed giao di^n web cfing khai d l cung cfi'p dfl li$u, bao cfio, vfi cfic san phfim khoa hgc tn^c quan Trang web bao gdm mfit flng dving lfip ban d l Web tfldng tfie d l xem vfi tai v l cfic dfl li$u khf hfiu khu vi^c Iflu sfing Mekong nhfim ho trd nghifin cflu biln doi khf hfiu d Dfing Nam A Cfic binh anh vfi tinh hfing thang tfl mfiy bflc xa quang hinh anh cd phfin giai trung binh (Moderate Resolution Imaging MODIS) dfldc Spectroradiometer XVI ly qua bg Igc cac dam mfiy ciing dflgc vfio flng dung ve ban Web de cung cfi'p cfic hinh a n h (nhin tfl trfin xufi'ng) ve cac dia dilm vflng Iflu sfing Mekong Cfic hinh anh MODIS dfldc dung de phat t r i l n cfic dilu kifin cd ban cho vifie cfic Chi sfi' khac bifit thfle vfit (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) dfldc sii dung rfing rfii Xufi't phat tfl dfl lifiu tham khao, cfic die'u kifin cd ban da dflde tfnh tofin moi thfing tfl nfim 2002 tdi nfim 2010 vfi ed t h i dflgc sil dung d l theo dfii nhiing thay doi mfi hinh tfing trfldng cua thfle vfit vfi mfle lu lut hofic b a n hfin Cfic nhfi CHAUMY NGAY NAY khoa hgc USGS dang tfl dfing hfia vifie mua lai v i xfl ly hinh anh d l cac dfl lieu NDVI mdi b i n g thfing se lifin tue cfip nhfit trfin trang Web Dfl bfio khu vflc sfing Mekong (Xem: By D Phil Turnipseed, For more information, contact, Director, U.S Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center,700 Cajundome Blvd,Lafayette, LA 70506,337-266-8500, nwrcdirector^usgs.gov) n S a n g k i l n h a Iflu song Mekong: Phat t r i l n cong trinh nfldc, nfldc sach v a vfi sinh Thong tin c h u n g -Theo tfnh tofin cua To chflc Y t l T h I gidi, trfin the gidi mfii ham khoang 1,5 tre em chfi't vi tieu chay, 94% cfic trfldng hdp dfi lfi sii dung nfldc khfing sach, vfi sinh kfim Nhflng khfing chi tre nhd mdi lfi dfi'i tfldng cua cfic tfie dfing tifiu cflc cua cfic vfin d l Chung cfi tfie dfing nghifim trgng vfi keo dfii dfi'i vdi sflc khde cung nhfl sfl phfit triln cua tCtag ca nhfin Va nhin chung, chflng lfi mfit fip lflc ldn doi vdi nhilu quoc gia dang phat trien Vf du, theo fldc tfnh, so ngfldi chfi't ve sinh kem da gay thifit hai eho Campuchia vfi Vifit Nam trfin ti USD dSi vdi GDP hfing nfim so' lfim viec hi mfi't Kl tfl thfinh lfip nftm 1961, To chflc Phat t r i l n Qufi'c t l Hoa Ky (USAID) da di dfiu cfic nfi lflc qufi'c t l nham eai thifin sflc khde vfi phfle ldi ciia ngfldi dfin tai cfic qufi'c 8B gia dang phfit triln Chang ban, chfnh USAID dfi tifin phong viec nhfin rfing giai phfip svl dung thufi'c ufi'ng bfl difin giai - dfiy lfi loai thuoc da cflu rfi't nhilu ngfldi khdi bfinh tieu chay L i t l chflc hd trd y te song phfldng ldn nhfi't the gidi, USAID tifi'p tuc chflng td sfl di dfiu cua minh cfic vfi'n d l vl khoa hgc vfi ky thufit thfing qua b i n g loat chfldng trinh y tfi' v i sflc khoe, dd cd cac chfldng trinh ldn nham chfi'ng lai HIV/AIDS, lao, sfit rfit, v i cac benh truyin nhiim khac Mac dfl chflng ta da cd nhilu tien bg trfin linh vflc y t l v i khoa hgc trongfiO'-nam qua, nhflng vfin cfin phai nhfic lai rang nhflng ylu to cd ban nhfl nfldc sach, ve sinh van lfi die'u tao nen sfl khac biet gifla ngfldi fi'm va ngfldi khde manh - thfim chf la sfl khac bifit gifla sfl song vfi cfii chit cho hfing trifiu ngfldi Dfiy chfnh la difi'u da gdp phfin tao nen Chfldng trinh Cung cfi'p Nfldc saeh vfi Ve sinh (WaterSHED) Cfic h o a t dong cua chflcfng trinh tai khu vflc Iflu song Mekong Qude gia tham gia: Campuchia, Lfio, Vifit Nam WaterSHED tfip trung vfio ba qufi'c gia d Iflu sdng Mekong Day lfi mfit sfl hfin k i t gifla khu vflc cfing va khu vflc tfl nhfin (tfle lfi sfl hgp tfie gifla chfnh phu, khu vflc tfl nhfin, vfi cac to chflc phi chfnh phu) CHAU MY NGAY NAY Trfldng Dai hgc Bfic Carolina, Chapel Hill dflng dfiu Lfi ehfldng trinh cd sd'vfi'n 17 tri$u USD kfio dfii nftm, WaterSHED dfldc thifi't k l dl cho ddi nhflng san phfim nfldc vfi vfi sinh bi^u qua vdi gifi thfinh vfla phai nhfim phyc vu thi trfldng, dfie bifit lfi cac gia dinh vfi cfi nhfin cfi thu nh^p thfi'p Chfldng trinh nfiy dflgc thflc bifin thfing qua cfic efing ty tfl nhfin nhfim khuyfi'n khfch vi$c mua vfi svl dung cfic san phfim nfldc vfi vfi sinh gia re, nhfl nhfi vg sinh, may Igc nfldc WaterSHED tfip trung vio Unh vflc chfnb: Thuc dfiy nhu cfiu tifiu thu dfii vdi cfic san phfim v i dich vu nfldc, nflfic sach v i ve sinh tfi't hdn; Dfinh gia kha nfing ton tai dfldc ve mat thfldng mai dfii vdi cae san phfim nfldc vfi nfldc sach, ddng thdi kilm tra chfi't Iflgng cua chflng; Gidi thifiu efie san phfimydich vu nfldc, nfldc sach vfi ve sinh hieu qua, gifi thfinh vfla phai thdng qua cfic doanh nghiep sd tai; Phdi bgp vdi cae to chflc tfii chfnb vi md d l dfla cfic lfla chgn v l tfii chfnh giup ngfldi nghfio mua cac san phfim nfiy, v i giup cac doanh nghifip (nhi san xufi't, n h i cung cfi'p) cd t b I dfla san phfim thi trfldng; vfi Phd'i hdp vfii khu vfle tfl nhfin vfi eac dm tac khu vflc d l gidi thieu thflc hien cfic phfldng phfip dflgc thfle hi^n thfinh edng tai cfic quIc gia khfic khu vfle WaterSHED chu y l u l i m vifie vdi ngfldi dfin b vflng nfing thfin, v i n l i ndi thilu t h i n cfic dich vu cd ban C h i n g h^in, chi cfi 18% ngfldi dfin d Campuchia vfi 38% ngfldi dan d Lio cfi nhfi xf hgp v$ sinh Chfldng trinh nfiy phil hgp chii y l u vdi khu vflc tfl nhfin d l giai quylt cfic tinh trang trfin, giup cfic nhfi san xufit vfi nhfi phfin phli sd tai phat t r i l n cfic k l hoaeh tilp thi, bfin b i n g , v i phan phra Cac to chflc nfiy se nghien cflu cfic san phfim tfiy rvia cfi tilm nfing thi trfldng, kiem tra chfi't Ifldng san phfim vfi dfinh gifi mflc dfi kha thi cua chung, d i n g thdi thflc hifin cfic nghifin cflu thi trfldng nhfim tim hieu hfinh vi cua ngfldi tifiu dung; sau dd, hg se hd trd tim kiem cfic cdng ty ed t h i ban v i phan phfii nhflng san phfim nfiy Vl phfin ldn dan so^ ndng thdn tai ba qufi'c gia thflc hifin cila LMI diu tfldng doi ngheo, nfin cfin phai ban chfi' chi phi eiia tflng bfldc qua trinh nfiy, tfl san xufi't, marketing, cho tdi phfin phdi Cflng lflc, hg phoi hgp vdi cac n h i thifi't kfi' d l san phfim cua minh hfi'p dfin hdn dfi'i vdi ngfldi tifiu dflng nfing thfin Cufil cflng, WaterSHED phli hgp vfii cac t l chflc tfii chfnh nhd sd tai de giup ngfldi tieu dflng dfi dfing mua dfldc cfic san phfim tfiy rvia hdn CHAU MY NGAY NAY S 07-2012 Gan day WaterSHED b i t dfiu tfip trung vfio mfit muc tifiu thfim chf mang tfnh cd ban hdn - riia tay bdi theo fldc tfnh cua T l chflc Y tfi' ThI gidi, ti 16 mfie b§nb tifiu ehay cd t h i giam tdi 30% nfi'u mgi ngfldi rvIa tay ft nhfi't Ifin/ngfiy vfio eac thdi dilm quan trgng nhfl chufin bi thflc fin hay trflde fin Theo dd, chfldng trinh nfiy da lfip nen mdt ddn vi chuyfin v l cfic san phfim riia tay n h i m t^o thdi quen rvta tay cho ngfldi dfin ndng thfin Mfit ldi ich khfic ciia chfldng trinh WaterSHED lfi Igi fch v l mfii trfldng Vf du, 2/3 ngfldi dfin khu vflc dun nfldc ud'ng Vdi cfic mfiy Igc nfldc cbi phf re dia phfldng san xufi't, hg se khfing cfin phai lfim thfi' nfla, tfl dd lfim giam Ifldng khf C2 sinh dot ciii, ddng thdi lfim giam thdi gian nhat cui dun cho ngfldi dfin, thfldng lfi phu nfl v i tre em Doi t a c Trfldng Dai hgc Bftc Carolina, Chapel Hill, T l chflc Ddng Tay Hdi ngd, Cac doanh nghifip phfit trifin qufi'c t l , Hydrologic, Lien Aid, TerraClear Sdng Mekong dfing vai trd quan trgng trgng ddi sfi'ng hfing trifiu ngfldi dfin Dfing Nam A, nhflng ngfldi sing nhd vAo ngudn thfle phfim, nfldc ufi'ng, thu nhfip, vfi giao thfing cua ddng sdng Tuy nhifin, chfnh vi tfim quan trgng cua nd mfi sfing nfiy dang doi mftt vdi nhifi'u thach thflc cfic quo'c gia khu vflc Iflu - Campuchia, Lfio, Thfii Lan, vfi Viet Nam - tim hfldng phfit triln tfldng lai Vi Iflu tfim d i n nhflng thfieh thflc nfiy m i bfi'n qufi'c gia vflng Iflu sfing Mekong (LMI) lfi Campuchia, Lfio, Thfii Lan, v i Viet Nam dfi t h i n h lfip Uy ban sfing Mekong (MRC) nftm 1995 n h i m gfip phfin bao ton n g u i n tai nguyfin thifin nhifin d khu vflc Iflu, dong thdi bao vfi mdi trfldng vfi khuyen khfch sfl phat triln kinh t l khu vflc Hai to chflc trfin cfi mdi quan he qua lai tfldng tac vdi nhau, bdi dong sfing la bg mfiy cua sfl phfit triln dd, vfi dfi svl phat t r i l n phu thufic vio tinh trang cua ddng sfing Tuy nhifin, phfit trifin kinh tfi' ddi hoi phai cd nang Ifldng, vfi nhifi'u nfldc (Xem: USAID I ASIA: LMI: Water, dang trdng chd vfio tiem nfing thuy sanitation, and hygiene Enterprise dien to ldn cua sfing Mekong d l Development, July 2011.) phfit triln Viec cfin b i n g gifla nhu III Sang k i e n h a Iflu s6ng cfiu phat trien nfing Iflgng vfi thu Mekong: Thuy difin b i n vfl!ng dl nhfip cua khu vflc vdi vifie bao vfi hfi Iflu song Mekong t h i n g sinh thai cua dfing sfing diem tfla eua phfin ldn sfl phfit trien Thong tin c h u n g CHAU MY NGAY NAY trfin lfi mdt nhflng thfieh thflc khd khfin nhfi't, quan trgng nhfi't ciia MRC Nhifi'u ngfldi quan tfim tdi sfl phfit trifi'n thuy di$n trfin dfing sdng Mekong, vfi da cd nhilu d l xufi't xfiy dijng d^p dflgc thi^e hi^n tfl phfa b i n qud'e gia, cfic doanh nghidp tfl nhfin b khu vi^c chfnh Iflu vi^c vfi nhanh cila sdng Mekong Thdng qua Sfing kiln Xfiy dflng thiiy di$n bfi'n vflng, MRC phU hgp vdi nhifi'u ddi tac khfic n h i m xfiy dflng nfing lflc, thi^c bi$n cfic nghifin cflu m^c tieu vfi chia se thfing tin n h i m thue dfiy vi^c xfiy dflng thuy dien ben vflng khu vflc Lfi mfit phfin eua Sfing kifi'n Ha Iflu sfing Mekong (LMI), USAID hgp tfie vdi bon qufi'c gia khu vfle Iflu sfing Mekong vfi MRC, bd trg hg v l mfit ky thufit vfi xfiy dflng nfing li^c cho hg thfing qua cac cfing cu vfi nghifin cvlu chien Iflde Cfic h o a t d p n g c u a chfldng t r i n h t a i k h u vflc h a lifu s o n g Mekong Cdc qud'c gia tham dU: Thfii Lan, Campuchia, Lfic, Vifit Nam N i m LMI, dfl fin ECO-Asia lfi mot dfl an thugc USAID tri gifi 29 trifiu USD kfio dfii nftm; dfl fin nfiy dflgc khdi dfing tfl nfim 2005 n h i m thuc dfiy vifie quan ly mfii trfldng hifiu qua b chfiu A Hai hdp phfin chfnh cua dfl fin nhfl sau: Cdng cu ddnh gid nhanh vi tinh bin vUng cua thuy di^n tai khu viic hfiluu Phfii hgp vdi MRC, Ngfin hfing Phfit triln chfiu A vfi Quy D?ng vfit hoang dfi, USAID hi0n dang ho trd vifie xfiy dving cfing cu dfinh gia nhanh tfnh bfi'n vflng cua thiiy difin trfin tofin Iflu vvIc (Rapid Basin-wide Hydropower Sustainabihty Assessment Tool - RSAT) Dfiy lfi qua trinh dfinh gifi cfic dfl fin thuy di$n trfin bfii canh tofin bfi khu vflc Iflu Ra ddi nfim 2008, RSAT cho phfip cae to chflc thfle bi^n cung nhfl cac dfii tfie khfic khu vflc bao phii cua LMI danh gifi tfie dfing kinh tl^ xfi bfii, vfi mfii trfldng cua eae dfl an thuy difin cho tofin bfi khu vflc Iflu Qufi trinh RSAT dflgc t h i l t ke cho nhifi'u ngfldi svl d\ing, bao gdm nhflng ngfldi cfi thfim quyln quylt dinh, cfic cd quan chfnh phu, cfic t l chflc phfit trien thiiy dien, cfic ngfin hfing phfit trien, Uy ban sfing Mekong (MRC), vfi cac uy ban Iflu vflc sfing qufi'c gia Di^a vfio k i t qua tfl efie nghien cflu diln hinh thflc hi$n tai cfic khu vi^c ba Iflu d Campuchia, Lio, Thai lan, vfi Viet Nam nfim 2011, MRC se svl dung RSAT d l dfinh gia eac dfl fin LMI Bank gid chi phi vd lai ich ciia viic phdt triin thuy dien Nfim 2011, USAID t i i trd cho mfit bfio cfio cua Trfldng Dai hgc bang CHAU MY NGAY NAY Portland (PSU) vfi Trfldng Dai hgc Mae Fab Luang (MFU) tai Chiang Rai, Thfii Lan n h i m ho trg vifie Ifin k l h o a c h svl dung cfic ngudn nfldc tai Ha Iflu sfing Mekong dfla trfin Chfldng trinh Quy hoach Phat trien Lflu vflc (Basin Development Plan BDP) cua MRC vfi Cfic dfinh gifi mfii trfldng chifi'n Ifldc (Strategic Environment Assessment SEA) cua nhieu eon dfip dflgc d l xufi't xay dflng tai ddng chfnh cua sfing Bfio cfio trfin dfinh gia them efie khia canh ve chi phf vfi Igi fch ciia viec phfit trien thuy dien tai dfing chfnb sfing Mekong thfing qua cfic phan tfch ve mflc dfi nhay cam ve nhflng cfii dflgc v i mfit cua cfic dich vu bfi thfi'ng sinh thfii chfnh Bfio cao cung ap dung mfit loat cfic phfldng phfip nhfim xfic dinh gifi tri cua cfic dich vu nfiy v i gifi tri cua cfic ldi fch tifi'm nfing cua viec phat trien dfip, ding thdi cung cfi'p nhflng thfing tin sau rfing hdn ve cfic rui ro tiem fin cung nhfl nhflng yfi'u to'chfla chfic chfin Ngofii viec cung cfi'p thfim thfing tin cho cfic nhfi hoach dinh chfnh sfich khu vflc, ban bfio cfio cung n h i m muc tieu hd trg MRC vifie h i i hfia cfic phfit hien cua BDP v i SEA, d i n g thdi dfla nhiing gdi y v l phfldng phfip tiep cfin d l MRC cfin nhac qufi t n n h len k l hoach cho giai doan thfl ba cua chfldng trinh BDP Sau nhfin dflgc y kiln tham vfi'n cua MRC, ban bfio cfio da dfldc dfing tai Ifin website cua Trfldng dai hgc bang Portland vfio thfing 7/2011 vfi de md cho ngfldi dge nfiu y kiln nhfin xfit 60 ngiy Soi tac Bdi tdc thiic hiin: T l chflc Phfit trifi'n Quo'c t i A E C O M Bdi tdc phdi hdp: Uy ban sfing Mekong, Ngfin hfing phfit triln Chfiu A, Quy dfing vfit hoang dfi tfl nhifin (Xem: USAIDIASIA: LMI: Sustainatable hydropower in the Mekong Basin, Jul 2011.) IV S a n g k i l n h a lflu s o n g Mekong: Q u a n ly t r a m tich, b i l n doi k h i h a u t a i c a c d a p d h a lflu song M e k o n g Thong tin chung Sfing Mekong lfi mfit nhflng sfing dfii nhfi't t h i gidi, chay dfii 4.800 km tfl cao nguyen Tfiy Tang qua quo'c gia tdi chfiu tho cua nfi tai Vifit Nam Con sfing n i y vfi cfic nhanh phu lflu cua nfi cd trfl Iflgng cfi nfldc nggt ldn nhfi't t h i gidi, dem lai 2,6 trifiu tfi'n cfi moi nfim - dfiy lfi mfit chudi thflc phfim phu thugc vfio nguon phfl sa mfiu mfi mfi sfing mang lai Sfing Mekong chfla tfl 1200 - 1700 lofii cfi - chfnb dieu nfiy da khiln nfi trd thfinh sfing da dang v l sinh hgc thfl hai trfin the' gidi Nhieu, loai cfi phai di cfl Ifin thfldng nguon hfing nghin km hoac hdn nfla di sinh san Vfla ca khfi'ng 90 S6 07-2012 11 nfiy da ho trg cufic sfi'ng - mfit efich trflc tilp ho^c gian tilp - khoang 60 trigu ngfldi dge sdng Mekong vfi lflu vvIc cua nd, dd 40% vfin dang sd'ng eanh ddi nghfio Nhilu ngfldi so hg sfing nhd vio ngudn dam tfl cfi vfi cac lo^i Ifldng thflc sinh trfldng dge bd sdng; cfic loai thi^c phfim nfiy nhfin nguIn dinh dfldng tfl cfic tr^n Igt xay hfing nfim Gifi tri tifi'm nfing eiia ngudn tfii nguyfin nflde d khu vxfc h? lflu sfing Mekong (phfin phia nam cua sfing tai Trung Quie) vfi cfic nhanh cua nfi khdng chi gidi b^n d lflu Iflgng cfi Lfio, Thfii Lan, Campuchia, vfi Vifit Nam - cfic quoc gia tham gia vio LMI - dfi'u da nhfin thfi'y gia tri tifi'm tfing to ldn cua sfing vl mfit thuy dien vfi vai trfi chu dao cua dien nfing sfl phat triln kinh t l - xfi hgi Tdi nftm 2015, cfic quoc gia tham gia Sfing kiln Ha lflu sdng Mekong se cd khoang vfii ehuc d^p tai cfic nhfinh sdng Mekong, vfi tdi nfim 2030, se cd them khoang 40 - 50 dfip tai dfiy nfla Trung Quoc hien da xay dflng eon dfip trfin dfing sfing nfiy, nim d phia nam cfic nflfic tham gia LMI; hg cdn dfl dinh xfiy thfim dfip nfla Tuy chfla cd dfip nfio dflgc xfiy dflng d ddng chii lflu tai lflu sfing Mekong, song cac qud'c gia LMI dfi'u dang cfin nhic cfic de xufi't dfldc thflc hien thfing qua Uy ban sfing Mekong (MRC).- CHAUMYNGAYNAY Cfic dfip dflgc dl xufi't xfiy dfi'u se dem lai nhilu h§iu qua nghiem trgng dii vdi ddng chay cua phfl sa d khu vvIc h? lflu, cd tbI lfim phfl sa bi Iftng l?i tai cfic bl chfla, khiln nguon dinh dfldng cho cfi vfi tham thflc phfim bi giam di, gia tfing ti 1| xfii mdn chfiu thi sfing Mekong, vfi lfim mfi't fi'n dinh dfii vdi h^ thing cd sd b? tfing dge ddng sfing M^c dfl vfin tin tai nhilu bfit ding xung quanh vi$c xfiy dflng mfit s i dfip, song ca bfin phfit triln dfip vfi nhflng ngfldi bao v^ mfii trfldng diu nhfi^t tri ring bfit ky dfip hay bl chfla nfio cung dfi'u phai dflgc thilt ke' cho Iflgng phfl sa hi chfin lai dfldc tri d mflc tii thieu Khi phfl sa hi chfin l^i d mdt dfip, Iflgng nfldc bl chfla sau nd se phai giam xuohg Difi'u nfiy cd nghia lfi mfla khfi Ifldng nfldc xa se ft di, vfi ngudn di^n nfing cung thfip hdn Cung cd nghia ring cfi vfi dfi't canh tac se bi tfldc di nguSn dinh dfldng, chfiu tho sdng Mekong - von dfldc tri nhd Ifldng phfl sa tfch tu bing nfim - se hi xdi mdn Cung gid'ng nhfl bfit ky eiia sdng nfio khfic, cae ddng chay Ivtu cua sdng Mekong cung chiu sfl de dga tfl bifi'n dii khf hfiu dfiy l i tfie nhfin them nfla cua nbiiJng tfie dfing kl trfin eon ngfldi tao Nlu theo dflng nhfl dxf doan, mflc nflfic biln dfing eao, thi chfiu thi song Mekong se li mfit nhflng khu vflc dfiu CHAU MY NGAY NAY tifin chiu anh hfldng Uy ban Qufi'c te vl Thay dfi'i khf hau cua Lifin Hgp qufi'c fldc tfnh r i n g vdi mfii mfit nfldc bien dfing eao, vflng ehfiu tho se mfi't di khoang tfl 15.000 20.000 km^ dfit Nilm hy vgng ldn nhfi't d dfiy cung v&n lfi phfl sa: cfing nhifi'u phfl sa tfii dflgc vflng chau tbI, thi vung chfiu t h i cing dflgc bdi d i p cao hdn Do vfiy, thfinh cfing cua khu vflc phu thufic phfin ldn vfio vifie cfic quoc gia cfin b i n g gifla nhu cfiu thuy dien vfi nhu cfiu thfing lflu dong chay phu sa nfing hfing trifiu tfi'n cufic hfinh trinh dfii tfii biln cua nd Tfit ca cfic yfi'u tfi' trfin lai phu thufic vfio viec lfip ke' hoach v i xay dflng hgp ly cua tvftig dap tai ba lflu sfing Mekong Day chfnb l i muc dfch cua chfldng trinh Nang cao sfl d i n bdi khf h a u tai cfic dfip thuy difin d sfing Mekong cua USAID: lam vifie chat che vdi MRC vfi cfic to chfle nghifin cflu ngudn nfldc tai qufi'c gia tham gia LMI Cac h o a t d o n g c u a chfldng t r i n h t a i k h u viic h a Ivhi song Mekong 91 tham gia LMI vifie quan ly dfing chay phu sa, va Ifin klhoach xfiy dflng cfic dfip cho tie dfing cua ehung tdi svl thay dii khf hfiu dflgc kiem che' d mfle thfi'p Ndi dung ciia nhifim vu nfiy lfi tim dia dilm xfiy dflng dfip td't nhfit, ddng thdi lap dfit cfic cvia cdng tai dfip d dd cao hdp ly dl trach lfim tftc dfing chay cua phfl sa Lfip dfit cvIa cfi'ng hgp ly vfi cfi klhoach hoat dfing cho vifie svl dung chflng cfi vai trd quan trgng, giup bao dam ring ddng phfl sa mfiu md sfi dflgc lflu thfing tdi dfch din cufii cilng cua nd Cac to chflc dfii tfie cua USAID, Hgc vifin Di san Thifin nhifin dflng dau, se lfim vifie cvi t h i vdi MRC vfi cac cd quan thfim quyen vl ngudn nfldc tai cae qufi'c gia viing lflu sfing Mekong ve cfic muc tifiu quan trgng nfiy Chfldng trinh se tap trung vfio vifie xfiy dflng mfi hinh dfip thuy difin kilu mfiu - dfiy la mfi hinh ma neu dfldc thflc hifin chfnh xfic cfi the thuc dfiy ddng chay tfl nhifin cua sfing vfi lflu Ifldng phfl sa, ddng thdi bao vfi ngudn cfi cung nhfl cfic tfii nguyfin thien nhifin khfic Theo k l hoach, cfic boat dfing Cdc qud'e gia muc tieu: Thfii Lan, n h i m cai thien sfl on dinh mfii trfldng vfi sfl d i n hdi cua cac dap Campuchia, Lio, Viet Nam Trong Sfing kifin Ha lflu sfing hifin cfi cung nhfl cfic eon dfip se xfiy Mekong (LMI), chfldng trinh Xfiy dflng bao gom: Xay dflng mfi'i quan hfi dfii tfie My dflng kha nang phuc hdi khf hfiu tai cfic dfip thuy difin d sfing Mekong - lflu sfing Mekong gifla cac chfnh tri gia trifiu USD, keo dfii nfim se phu, cfic t l chflc phi chfnh phu, vfi gitip cung CO nfing lflc cho b i n nfldc cfic vien nghifin cflu chuyen mfin; 92 S 07-2012 Cung cfi' cfing cvi phfin tfch ciia MRC nhim thflc dfiy cfic qufi trinh thuy hgc, dia m^o, vfi sinh hgc suit khu vvIc h^ lflu sfing; Svl dvng efie mfi hinh nfiy dl dfinh gifi dia dilm d$t d|ip tfii flu, thilt kl, ho^t d0ng cua cfic d^p hi^n t^i vfi tfldng lai; Thi^c bi^n phfin tjch kha thi vl kinh t l cho cfic phfldng fin thay t h i tfi't nhfit; vfi Cfing b l r|ng rai cfic kit qua nghifin ciiu nhim cung cfip thfing tin giflp dfla cfic quylt dinh tfldng lai lifin quan din cd sd h^ tfing khu vflc b^lflu Doi tac Vi$n Di san Thifin nhifin To chflc bao ton thifin nhien quoc tfi', Quy dfing vfit hoang da quIc tl, mfit so vifin nghifin cflu cua Trung Quoc CHAU MY N G A Y M A Y , thi d0ng thi^c vfit dOc dfio rifing cua minh, cfic khu rflng khu vvIc nfiy cung lfi nhflng nguIn thu nhfip vfi kifi'n t^o cfing fin vi$e lfim quan trgng, ding thdi cd dfing gdp dang kl vfio sflc khde cua ngfldi dfin cung nhfl cho svl phfit triln kinh t^ cua viing ndng thdn xung quanh Mfie dfl chflng mang lai nhflng Ivli fch to ldn nhfl v^y, song cfic khu rflng d khu vi^c Mekong vfin tilp tuc bi tfin phfi vdi m$t tic d$ dfing sg (gfin 1%/nfim, tfle hdn 500.000ha/nfim); dfit rCflig bi chuyin thfinh dfit trgt hofic bai chfin tha hofic cho cfic muc dfch khfic Ddn gd Ifiu bfla bai, tinh trang dfi thi hfia, vfi si^ thay doi vl khf hfiu cung dfing vai trd ldn khiln rflng hi tan phfi nhanh nhfl vfiy Mfi't rilng vfi suy thoai ritog lfi cfic nhfin to quan trgng gay sfl thay doi vl hfiu trfin (Xem: USAIDIASIA: LMI: Managing tofin cfiu, chiem khoang 15% tong Sediment, Climate Change in Mekong Basin Ifldng phfit thai khf nhfi kfnh Dams, July 2011.) (Greenhouse Gas emission GHG) moi nfim, dfi gfin mfit nvia 14 V Sang ki^n lflu song hfiu qua cua vifie tfin phfi rflng vfi Mekong: Gilim phfit thai rflng suy thofii d chfiu A cac chtfdng trinh To chfle Phfit trifi'n Qufic t l Hoa rtfng d chau A Ky (USAID) eho ring cac khu ritog Boi canh d chfiu A cfi dfing gfip to ldn cho khu Ritog bao phu trfin 50% khu vvIc vflc nfiy vfi cfic cfing dong hfin quan; lflu sdng Mekong, dem lai nhieu hifin to chflc nfiy dang nd lflc tim ldi fch phong phu cho hfing trigu kilm cfic giai phap de cai thifin ngfldi Cfiy col lfi mfit nhflng phfldng phfip quan ly rvtng Mfit so y cfich hifiu qua nhfi't cua thifin nhien tfldng chiln Ifldc cua chiing dl loai bd khf C02 khdi bfiu khf tfii tfip trung vao vifie dfla nhflng quyln vfi lflu gifl khf C2 Vdi qufin khuyin khfch nhim thue dfiy cfing 93 CHAU MY NGAY NAY ddng quan ly dfi't rflng cua hg bifiu qua bdn Nhflng phfldng phfip nfiy dem lai Igi fch cho cac cfing ddng v i n ddng gdp vfio nd lflc tofin cfiu vifie giai quyfi't tinh trang thay dfii khf hfiu Dilu nfiy thfi'ng nhfi't vdi cfic chifi'n Ifldc quoc tfi' n h i m thuc dfiy cfic chfnh sfich giam phfit khf thai tfl boat dfing tfin pha rflng va suy thofii ritog (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation REDD-i-) vfi'n tao gifi tri tfii chfnh cho viec bao vfi ritog vfi nguon khf cacbon m i rflng lflu gifl Cac hoat dong cua cac chfldng trinh d khu vflc lflu song Mekong Cdc nUdc muc tiiu: Campuchia, Lfio, Thfii Lan, Viet Nam Lfi mfit phfin cua Sfing kifin Ha lflu sfing Mekong (LMI), chfldng trinh Giam khf thai d cfic khu rflng d chau A (Lowering Emission in Asia's Forests - LEAF) lfi mdt nfi lflc quy mfi viing keo dfii nam Chfldng trinh dflgc bat dau tfl dau nftm 2011 nham cung cfi' sfl hdp tac khu vflc quan ly ritog Dflgc thfle bien bdi to chflc Winroek Quoc te', phfldng phfip cua LEAF la nfing cao nfing lflc ky thufit cho Campuchia, Lio, Thai Lan, va Viet Nam cung nhfl cfic quo'c gia khfic de giup hg quan ly ritog tfit hdn thfing qua vifie: Chia se efie phfldng thflc giai quylt hifiu qua dfii vdi cac thfieh thflc chung; Tfii thflc hifin vfi md rfing quy mfi thflc bien cfic sfing kifi'n tai cfic quIe gia ehfiu A khac; Phat triln cfic mfi hinh, phfldng phfip, vfi tifiu chufin khu vflc; Giai quylt cac vfi'n de xuyfin bifin gifii va cfic nguyfin nhfin khiln ritog suy thoai L i m vifie trfin quy mfi vflng cd nghia Ii cfic qud'c gia LMI cd the hgc hdi trflc tiep l l n - vfi hgc hdi tfl efie chuyfin gia My - d l bilt cfich lfim nfio la bifiu qua, each lfim nfio khfing hifiu qua Mfii qufi'c gia deu phai can bing gifla cac nhu cfiu trfii chieu dfii vdi rflng vfi dfi't rflng vfin phai nfi lflc gia tang Ifldng tfch trfl khf C2 ciia ritog Thfing qua nhflng nfi lflc nay, LEAF cung giup cac qufi'c gia chufin bi tinh thfin dl xfiy dflng mfit khudn k h i REDD-iqudc te' Cac h o a t d o n g Tao t h a n h c o n g tfl cac difin d a n k h u vflc v a doi t a c khu vflc LEAF giup cfic qufi'c gia khu vflc lflu sfing Mekong tim nhflng phfldng phfip kinh tfi' vfi hifiu qua nhfi't dl quan ly ritog, dfi't dai vfi hfin ket vdi de cflng dem lai nhflng phfldng phfip thfinh cfing Cac mfii quan hfi dfii tfie nfiy tap trung vfio vifie phfit trien cfic tifiu chufin khoa hgc vfi cac nghi dinh chung, ddng thdi chufin bi cho hg bfldc vfio cfic boat dfing REDD-^ sap tfii Ngofii 94 S6 07-2012 chfldng trinh eung chfl trgng tdi vi$c cung c l nfing hfe cho cac ban ngfinh chfnh phu v i dia phfldng cung nhfl cae to chflc hi$n cd, bdi dfiy lfi nhflng t l chflc cd vai trfi quan trgng trgng vi$c trt sflc dfiy cho cfic vfin d l hfin quan tdi rflng vfi quan ly dfi't dai C&i thiSn c h i n h sfich, t^o phdn thfldng cho cfic n d liJfc giltm nhfi kinh CHAUM^NGAYNAY Cfin phai cd nfing li?c cao v l m$t khoa hge v i ky thu|it d l gifim sfit nhflng thay d i i b rflng, v i tfnh toan Iflgng C2 thi^c t l dflgc ritog lflu gifl LEAF lfim vifc vdi cac quIc gia d l nfing cao nfing li?c ky thufit cho hg thdng qua efie b u l l dfio t^o chuyfin sfiu vifie thflc hi§n REDD-f ddng thdi xfiy dving chfldng trinh gifio di^c v l sfl thay d i i khf h|iu vfi cfic vfi'n d l hfin quan d i n REDD-t- Mvic tifiu ciia LEAF l i cai tbi$n cfic Sil d u n g cfic di^ fin thit n g h i f m chfnh sfich hfin quan dlii rflng v i sil d^ t h i h i f n sii s&ng tao dvmg dfi't ritog n h i m dat dflgc nhitog Thvic t l cho thfiy, n l u dfldc thvl hifiu qua giam phfit thai Ifiu dfii Mfit cfich de khuyin khfch dat mvie nghiem ky, dfldc gifim sat, vfi dfinh gia n h i m dfla nhflng thay dii tifiu nfiy lfi thfing qua nhitog phfin phfl hdp, n h i l u y tfldng hay se dem thfldng v l mfit thi trfldng dfinh cho lai cfic k i t qua tot dep Lfi mfit to cfic cdng ddng vfi cfic cdng ty khu vflc chflc ludn sil dyng higu qua ngfin tfl nhfin cd trfich nhiem vifie sfich tfl cfic khoan thue dfing gop quan ly ritog Mfit efich khac lfi xvl ly ngfldi dfin My, USAID chu trgng xfiy nhitog trd ngai gay vifie quan ly dflng chfldng trinh L£1AF cho nhitog rflng khfing hieu qua Chfing ban, dfl fin thvl nghifim d l k i l m tra tfnh nhifi'u ngfldi d khu vflc nfing thfin hi$u qua cua cfic cfich t i l p cfin cu chfiu A khfing cfi quyfi'n sd hflu ro t h i n h i m giam sfl phfit trien C2, rfing ddi vdi tfii san dfit dai eua minh cung cfi'p thdng tin cho cfic chi'nh Nlu khdng cfi nhflng quyfi'n danh phu lfip chfnh sfieh, v i ho trg cac chfnh ngfin thufin dfi, hg thfldng ft cfi chifi'n Iflgc REDD-H qud'e gia Sau dfi, dfing lflc quan ly dfi't dai hfldng tdi nhCtag mfi hinh hif u qua cfi the dfldc muc tifiu I n dinh hoac trdng nhitog md rdng v i thflc hien d cfic qufic gia loai cfiy Ifiu nfim LEAF se nghifin cflu khfic khudn kho boat ddng cua nhitog vfin d l n i y vfi lam viec vdi cfic LMI thdng qua cfic d i i n dfin v i dH chinh phu citog nhfl khu vflc tfl nhfin tac khu vflc d l cilng cfi' y thflc trfich nhifim Dili t a c viec quan ly rflng v i svl dvmg dfit dai To chflc Winroek Quoc t l l i dSi G i a m s a t Ifldng c a c b o n c u a tfie thflc hifin chfnb cho chfldng trinh LEAF Winroek lfi t l chflc ditog dfiu rvfng CHAUMYNGAY NAY 95 t h i gidi ve khoa hge khf C2 d ritog trdng, vfi cfin trflng khac xam bai tdi vfi bfi sinh thfii; tfi chfle nfiy thflc ndi sinh sfi'ng cua ehung Die'u nfiy hifin cac chfldng trinh dfio tao v i cfi t b I gfiy gifin doan tdi qua trinh cung cfi'p eac dich vu nang cao nfing phat trien cua ndng nghiep vfi cfic lofii thuy san cung nhfl tdi nhflng lflc trfin toin cfiu SNV, To chflc Phfit triln Hfi Lan ngfldi phu thufic vfio chung Mfit vfi Climate Focus lfi cfic dfii tfie cua thay dfi'i khac m i cfic mfi hinh khoa Winroek SNV cfi uy tin nhd kifi'n thflc hgc tifin lifiu dflgc lfi sfl gia tfing vfi kinh nghifim chuyfin sfiu ve rflng dang ke cua cfic dang thfle thdi tilt tai cfing dong, phfit triln nfing thfin, khfic Difi'u nfiy cung cfi the vfi nfing Ifldng tfii tao Climate Focus mang d i n nhflng tac dfing ldn dfii vdi lfi t l chflc hfing dfiu vl phfit trien cac loai hinh cfiy trdng ed t h i dfldc eanh tfie bay thu hoach tfl cfic khu chfnh sach lien quan dfi'n khf bfiu (Xem: USAIDIASIA: LMI: Lowering vflc dfi't dai Ifin cfin Emissions in Asia's Forests Program, Oct 2011.) VI S a n g k i e n h a lflu song Mekong: Chvtdng t r i n h t h i c h n g h i vdi sfl t h a y ddi cila k h i hfiu t a i k h u vflc h a lflu song M e k o n g Thdng tin chung Ha lflu sfing Mekong la ndi sinh song cho 60 trifiu ngfldi, dfi 70% sinh ke bfing n g h i nfing Tuy khac ve mat van hfia, nhflng hg deu l i nhflng cfing ddng ngheo nhfi't chfiu A, va hg phu thufic nfing n l vfio ddng sdng eung nhfl cac nhfinh phu lflu sfing d l l i m ngudn la'y Ifldng thfle, thu nhfip, giao thfing, vfi nfldc uong Nhfl vay, hg lfi nhflng dfii tflgng rfi't d i bi ton thfldng tfl cfic tac dfing ciia biln dfi'i khf hau Khi nhifit tfing Ifin, nhifi'u loai cay trdng, thuy san v i dfing vfit y l u di, khfing the canh tranh dflgc cfic loai dfing vat, cay Tuy nhflng diem trgng yfi'u cfic linh vflc nfiy chfla xay ra, song cung cfin thdi gian de thay dd'i cac thdi quen vfi'n dfi hinh tfl Ifiu cua ngfldi dfin Theo dfi, USAID tin r i n g dfiy lfi lflc de b i t dau Ifin kfi' hoach chung sfi'ng vdi cac hfi qua cua sfl thay doi khf hfiu va phoi hgp vdi ngfldi dan eung nhfl cae chfnh phu khu vflc lflu sfing Mekong dfi chufin bi eho cac die'u kien hfiu dfl dofin se xay cac nam tdi Cac h o a t d d n g c u a chfldng t r i n h t a i k h u vflc h a lflu song Mekong Cdc quoc gia muc tiiu: Thfii Lan, Lfio, Campuchia, Viet Nam L i mfit phfin cua Sang kifi'n Ha lflu sfing Mekong (LMI), USAID bien dang chufin bi thflc bien mfit dfl fin mdi tri gifi ty USD, kfio dfii nfim mang tfin Dfl fin Thfch nghi vfii Bifi'n doi Khf hfiu khu vflc sfing 96 S 07-2012 Mekong Di^ kiln, dfl fin sfi chgn m^t dSi tfie thvIc bifn trflde thfing nfim 2011 Mgc tifiu cua chfldng trinh lfi giflp ngfldi dfin vfi cfic chfnh phil khu vi^c b^ lflu sfing Mekong thfch nghi vdi nhflng hf qui dvl kiln xay si^ thay dfi'i cila khf b^u Cfic nfii dung chfnh ciia chfldng trinh nhfl sau: Trflde tifin, USAID sfi thvIc bifn m$t nghifin eflu vl cfic tfie d^ng d\f kiln mfi sfl thay dfi'i khf h§u cfi thi gfiy dfii vdi qufin thi d^ng thi^c vfit d khu vflc lflu sdng Mekong khoang thdi gian 20 tdi 60 nfim sau Di^ fin cung se thu thfip thfing tm vl gifi tri cua cac he sinh thfii (nhfl dfim Ifiy) doi vdi khu vflc, vfi giup cfic quoc gia khu vflc phfit trien cfic he sinh thfii hflu fch, cfi thi bao ve cac ngudn tfii nguyfin thien nhifin nfiy Sau nghifin cflu CHAUMtNOAYNAY hofin thfinh, chfldng trinh cung sfi tbijc hifn nhilu di^ fin thvl nghifm dl tim hilu tfnh kha thi cua vifc svl dving cfic lofii cfiy tring mdi vfi cfic phfldng phfip khfic dl khai thfic thuy sin vfi trdng trgt Cfic phfldng phap tit nhfit sl^ nfiy sfi dflgc nhfin r$ng Ifin, svl dung cfic nghifin cflu tiln kha thi dl fip dvmg cho cfic dfl fin hfldng din ngfldi dfin thfch nghi vdi si^ thay dii vl mdi trfldng trfin pham vi ci nfldc Cuoi cflng, chfldng trinh nfiy cung thfinh lfip mgt diin dfin khu vi^c nhim thu thfip thfing tin vl vifc cfic quoc gia lim nhfl thi nio dl thfch nghi vdi si^ thay doi vl khf bfiu vfi chia se cfic thdng tin nfiy rdng rfii tofin bg khu vflc • (Xem: USAIDIASIA: LMI: Mekong Basin Climate Change Adaptation Program, July 2011.) ... vfi vai trfi chu dao cua dien nfing sfl phat triln kinh t l - xfi hgi Tdi nftm 2015, cfic quoc gia tham gia Sfing kiln Ha lflu sdng Mekong se cd khoang vfii ehuc d^p tai cfic nhfinh sdng Mekong, ... 07-2012 Xay dflng nang li^c khoa hoc Cue IQiao sat Dia chfi''t (USGS) dang tham gia cflng cac doi tac khu vfle h£i Iflu sfing Mekong d l h§ trd phfit t r i l n nfing lflc khoa hgc dia phfldng vfi cfic... i khoa hgc tdi tfl Quy Crane qufi''c tfi'', Dai hgc Khoa hgc t h i n h phfi'' Hd Chf Minh, Dai hgc Cfin Thd, v i nhiing to chfle khfic Mang Ifldi Dai hgc thugc vflng dfi''t ngfip nfldc sfing Mekong