TAP CHI SINH HOC 2012, 34(2) 207 212 ITNG DUNG PHl/ONG PHAP QUAN TRAC SlTC KHOE SINH THAI DANH GIA CHAT L L T O N G MOI TRU^OfNG NU''''OC KHU VU^C XA THAI CUA KENH NHIEU LOC THI NGHE RA SONG SAI GON Do T[.]
TAP CHI SINH HOC 2012, 34(2) 207-212 ITNG DUNG PHl/ONG PHAP QUAN TRAC SlTC KHOE SINH THAI DANH GIA CHAT L L T O N G MOI TRU^OfNG NU'OC KHU VU^C XA THAI CUA KENH NHIEU LOC - THI NGHE RA SONG SAI GON Do Thj Bich Loc*, Doan Canh, Phan Doan Dang, Pham Thanh Luu, Le Van Tho, Thai Thi Minh Trang Vien Sinh hgc nhiet ddi, *''biehlocdo@gmail,com TOM TAT: Hien giam sat chat lugng moi trudng nude bang phuang phap quan trSc siic khoe sinh thai (EHM) cho phep cac chuyen gia ve moi trudng co dugc cac thong so ve muc dp nhiem nirdc va da dang sinh hoc tai vi tri va thoi diem cu the Ket qua ling dung phuong phap quan trSc siic khoe sinh thai (EHM) de danh gia chat lugng moi trudng nude cOa kenh Nhieu Lgc - Thj Nghe cho bi^t dien biin chSt lirong moi truong nude tai khu vuc nghien ciru hien d hai gia trj t6t (B) va trung binh (C) Kgt qua nghien ciiu da chi rang, sue khoe sinh thai kem nhat la tai ciia xa ciia kenh Nhieu Lgc - Thi Nghe, nude kenh van hoan loan chua dugc xii ly va d6 true tiep vao song Sai Con Kk qua nghien ciiu c6 the dugc xem nhu la dong gop mdi cho linh vuc nghien ciru giam sat chat lugng moi trudng nude thong qua danh gia he sinh thai ciia song Sai Gon noi rieng va cho cac song rach khac cua Ho Chi Minh noi chung tuong lai, Tir khoa quan trac siic khoe sinh thai, kenh Nhicu Lgc - Thi Nghe, song Sai Gon, MO DAU Chgn diem va I diera ddi chung (tham chieu) tai kenh Nhieu Lgc - Thi Nghe tren song Sai Gdn, De cai thien ben vung y te cdng ddng va siic khoe ngudi dan phd, du an Ve sinh - Mdi trudng luu vye kenli Nhieu Lgc - Thj Nghe da diroc thyc hien Viec danli gia chat lugng moi trudng nude sdng Sai Gdn d khu vye kenh Nhieu Lgc - Thi Nghe la viec lam rat can thiet, nham gop phan danh gia dugc tinh hieu qua cua du an Ve Sinh - Mdi trudng giai doan van hanh Thu mau hoa ly Cac thdng sd: nhiet dp, pH, DO, TDS, EC, due dugc nhanh tai diera thu raau Cac thdng sd cung cap nhihig dir lieu radi trudng lien quan den viec lua chgn diera thara chieu De hieu dugc sy thay ddi mdi trudng cua mgt doan song khu vuc nghien citu, ngoai nhiing dac cac thdng so hda ly, quan trac ragt so chi ticu sinli hgc da dugc thuc hien Neu co dugc nhdng quan trae sinh hoc di cung de ghi nhan nhung bien ddng sut giam cua cac quan xa sinh vat sdng thiiy vuc cimg nhirng mdi quan he sinli thai va cac thdng sd hda ly ed the anh hudng tdi ddi sdng sinh vat, thi ket qua quan trae hda ly se dugc trgn ven hon bdi nhung thdng tm tir quan trac sinh hgc Phuong ph^p nghicn cihi thiiy sinh vat Phuong phap thu, phan tieh mau va tinh toan ket qua dugc ap dung theo phuong phap cua Uy ban sdng Me Cdng (MRC), 2009, Bon nhom thuy sinh vat: tao silie day (Benihic diatoms), ddng vat ndi (Zooplankton), dpng vat day cd Idn ven bd (Littoral macroinvertebrates) va dpng vat day (DVD) cd Idn (Benthic macroinvertebrates) dugc lua chgn vao chuong trinh quan trac [5] Viec ung dung phuong phap danh gia sue khoe sinh thai sdng Oy ban sdng Me Cdng (MRC) de xudng viec danh gia chat lugng mdi trudng nude sdng Sai Gdn la mpt thir nghiem mdi nhung rat kha quan PHUOTVG PHAP NGHIfiN CUtJ Dia diem Phirong phap tinh diem so nhieu dong tai vi tri quan trSc (Site Disturbance Score - SDS) Cling vdi viec thu mau tai cac diem khao sat, quan sat ky cac yeu td tac ddng eon ngudi va ty nhien tdi he sinh thai tai vi tri thu mau de cho diem nhieu ddng tai khu vye Cd 12 tieu ehi dugc lira chgn de danh gia va cho diem nhilu ddng tai mgt khu vye thu mau bao Do Thi Bich Loc et al gdm: yeu td dong chay, tinh chat bdi lang hoac Id cua bd, tham thuc vat hai ben bd sdng, hoat ddng cua eon ngudi tai vj tri thu mau va viing lan can,,, Thang diem de danh gia muc nhieu dong dao dong tir I (it hoac klidng bj tac dpng) den (bi tac ddng manh) Diem sd danh gia nhilu dpng tai mfli vi tri (SDS) dugc tinh bang each lay gia tri trung binh cua cac diem so danh gia tir mdi chuyen gia dgc lap [5] Phaong phap danh gia chi so chju dung trung binh (Average Tolerance Score Per Taxon - ATSPT) dien (EC) thip hon 70 mS/m); ham lupng oxy boa tan (DO) Idn hon mg/l va chi sd nhieu ddng trung binh (SDS) dao dgng tir 1-1,67 [5] Cac diem tham chieu la co' sd so sanh, danh gia mdi trudng t£d nhiing diera khao sat kliac tren ciing luu vye Phirong phap danh gia Diera sd chju dyng (TS) cua mdi loai dugc tinh dua tren gia tri cua diem sd nhieu dpng (SDS) va tan xuat xuat hien ciia mdi loai tai vi tri thu mau [5], Diem sd chju dung trung binh mdi nhdm loai (ATSPT) tai mdi diera khao sat the hien klia nang chju dung hoac nhay cam vdi cac loai tac dpng ciia cac loin va nhdm loai tai thdi diem khao sat, Gia tri ATSPT cao cho thay tac dpng ciia ngudi cag se gay hai tdi loai (nhom loai) dd va ngugc lai Phu-ong phap xac dinh diem tham chieu Nhu vay, tai radi diera khao sat se cd 12 gia tri cac sd ciia bdn nhdm sinh vat, dugc chap nhan "Y" (YES) hoac khdng dugc chap nlian "N" (NO) dugc so sanli vdi cac gia trj sinh hgc tai diem tham chieu, Cu the, tai cac diem khao sat, cac ket qua ve sd lugng loai va so lugng ca the ed gia tri Idn hon diem tham chieu, gia tri sinh thai tai dugc chap nhan la "Y", ngugc lai thap hon se la "N" Diem sd cua sue chju dung trung binh (ATSPT) cua cac loai thap hon ATSPT tai diem tham cbieu, gia tri sinh thai tai diem dd dugc chap nhan la "Y", ngugc lai se la "N" Diem tham chieu la nhung diem cd trang thai gan nhu ty nhien, it bi anh hudng bdi tac ddng cua cac hoat ddng ngudi Diem khao sat phai dap img cae yeu eau mgt sd yeu Id CO ban: pH dao ddng tir 6,5-8,5; dan Dua vao sd gia trj dugc chap nhan va khong chap nhan de xep hang sue khde sinh thai cua sdng muc: Hang A (rat tot), hang B (tot), bangC (trung binh) va hang D (xau) [1,2, 5] Chgn ba gia trj sinh hgc quan trgng nhat (so lugng loai, sd lugng ca the, diem sd chiu dung ciia loai) cua bon nhdra thuy sinh vat (tao silic day, ddng vat phii du, DVDCL day va DVDCL ven bd) de danh gia sire khoe he sinh thai sdng Bdng I Bang xep loai sire khde sinh thai song STT Thii hang A B C D So gia tri "Y" 10- 12 07-09 04-06 0-03 Sue khoe sinh thai Rat tot Tot Trung binh Xau Ngudn: MRC 2009 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Diem so nhieu dong tai vi tri quan trac (SDS) Ket qua nghicn cihi cho thay, tai diem khao sat cua kenh Nhicu Lgc - Thi Nghe sdng Sai Gdn (SG4) chju tac ddng rat manh ctia cac hoal ddng xa thai eua dd thi, ven bd khdng cd tham Ihyc vat, tai day diem sd nhieu ddng cd gia tri cao nhat vdi SDS = 3,0, Tai diem khao sat d trudc nha may nude Tan Hiep (SG5) co diem sd nhieu ddng thap nh^t vdi SDS = 1,6 Cac diem khao sat cdn tai cd diem sd nhieu dpng (SDS) trung binh tit 2,4 - 2,5, Ket qua khao sat diem tham chieu Khu vye khao sat chgn diem tham chieu co ngudn nude chua bj tac dpng nhieu bdi nguon nude thai sinh boat va cac boat ddng khac ctia TAP CHI SINH HOC, 2012, 34(2): 207-212 nguai, Cae thdng sd thu dugc tai vi tri SG6 deu dat tieu chuan cua phuong phap EHM Xet toan bg cac yeu td, vj tri SG6 da thda man tieu chuan vi tri tham chieu, ket qua chi sd eiia bdn nhdm thiiy sinh vat tai diera tham chieu se la tieu ehi de so sanh vdi cac chi sd cua bdn nhdm sinh vat d eac vj tri khac cung dugc khao sat Ket qua cac thong so hda ly tai hien triroTig Oxy hoa tan: Dao ddng 2,0 mg/l - 2,4 mg/l, miia mua cd gia tri DO dat tieu chuan d nude ngudn loai B (> mg/l) kbi so vdi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, neng vao miia khd gia trj DO khdng dat tieu chuan vdi ngudn nude loai B pH tuong doi ddng deu khoang 6,57,2, rieng SG5 nude bj nhiem acid, trung binh pH khoang 5,4 Do ddn dien: Nude nggt hoan toan, Gia tri la 93,3 |aS/cm - 129,5 pS/cm, dSn dien thay ddi rat Idn di tu phia thugng luu xuong Nhu vay so vdi tieu chuan cua phuong phap EHM, cac thdng sd hda ly dugc tai diem nghien cim, khong ed diem nao dat dugc tieu chuan so vdi diem tham chieu Bdng Mpt sd thdr g so hoa ly moi truong nuoc Thdng sd pH DO EC SDS Don vi - mg/l ^S/cm Miia mua 7,9 5,1 20 1,4 Miia kho 7,3 5,6 38 1,4 Tieu chuan 6,5-8,5 >5 3), DO luon bang 0, nhung tai day ca hai miia deu ed sd loai cao nhat bdn nhdm sinh vat dugc khao sat Cac nhdm loai thiiy sinh vat cd sd loai nhay cam vdi tinh chat mdi truong tap trung nhieu d diera SG5, cae loai ed diem sd chju 210 dyng thap, Ket qua trcn cho thay, kliu he thiiy sinh vat phan bo phy thudc vao chat lugng nude noi chiing sdng rat nhieu Cae ket qua nghien ciiu cdn cho thay, cac thit hang ve sire khdc sinh thai tai khu vuc nghien ciiu hai miia mua va khd tuong ddi phii hgp vdi cac ket qua nghicn cuu truoc day ve chat lugng nude cua cac de tai kliac dugc thuc hien tren sdng Sai Gdn [4], vi vay, cd the xem cac thii hang danh gia sue khde sinh thai sdng d cac trang thai: rat tdt, tot, trung binh va kem la cac thit hang danh gia chat lupng moi trudng nude tuong duong vdi eac muc dp ve TAP CHI SINH HQC, 20! 2, 34(2): 207-212 chat lugng sinh hgc nude: sach (Oligosaprobe), hoi d nhiem (a Mesosaprobe), d nhiem (p Mesosaprobe) va rat d nhiem (Polysaprobe) Nhung gia trj dugc xay dung dya tren cac sd dc sinh hgc va cac thdng sd hda ly thdng qua gia trj ciia cac sd cua he thdng diem tham chieu KET LUAN Ket qua nghicn cim cho thay, sire khde sinh thai cua khu vye nghien ciru Ihudc sdng Sai Gdn d cac mire tir tdt (B) den trung binh (C), dd tai diem nhan nude xa ciia kenh Nhieu Lpc - Thi Nghe cd chat lugng nude kem nhat (trung binh); vao mita mua nude thai tir cita kenh cd xu hudng lan truyen d nhiem xudng den khu vuc ben Bach Dang khu vye nha may nude Tan Hiep, noi cap nude sinh boat cho toan phd, siic khde sinh thai tdt hon, tai day tap trung nhieu loai man cam vdi moi trudng d nhiem, song ciing da cd hien tugng bj nhiem ban, sy nhiem bSn chu yeu bj anh hudng tir hai ben bd luu vye xudng vao miia khd Cac gia trj ve siic khde sinh thai dugc xep hang theo B, C tai khu vuc nghien citu la bite tranh ve mdi trudng nude, phan anh mdi tuong quan giii:a cac yeu td mdi trudng vd sinh va hiin sinh, giua cac nhdm sinh vat tieu bieu vdi tren nen tang cua siic chju dung ve mat sinh thai ciia cac nhdm loai dudi tac ddng ciia cgn ngudi Ket qua nghien cuu ciing phii hgp vdi eac dac trung da dang sinh hpc cua doan sdng va kha tuong ddng vol cac nhan xet, danh gia v6 chat lugng mdi trudng nuoc ctia cac cdng trinh nghien cuu trudc day bang eac phuong phap tiep can khac Vi vay, cd the ap dung phuang phap quan trac siic khde ainh thai (EHM) de danh gia chat lugng moi trudng nude cho eac he thdng song Sai Gdn - Ddng Nai Can cd them cac nghien ciru va xay dyng he thdng diem tham chieu lam cdng eu cho danh gia mdi trudng tren toan bd he thong sdng Sai Gdn - Ddng Nai thdi gian tdi Lffi cam on: Bai bao dugc thyc hien va hoan vdi su hd trg ve kinh phi va chi dao ciia Sd Khoa hgc va Cong nghe phd Hd Chi Minh; su hd trg tich cue cua Ban Quan Ly Dy an Ve sinh - Mdi trudng kenh Nhieu Loc Thj Nghe va su hgp tac chat che ciia Ban quan ly nha may nude Tan Hiep TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Chanda Vongsombath, Phgm Anh Due, Nguyen Thi Mai Linh, Tatpom Kunpradid, Meng Monyrak, 2006 Repori on the 2006 biomonitoringsurvey of the lower Mekong River MRC: 75pp, Dao Huy Giap, Tatpom Kunpradid, Chanda Vongsombath, Vongsombath, Dd Thj Bich Lgc va Prum Somany, 2008 Report on the 2008 biomonitoring survey of the lower Mekong River MRC: 69 pp V H Resh, D H Giap, 2009, Biomonitoring Methods for the Lower Mekong Basin 64 pp Nguyen Vii Thanh, Ta Huy Thjnh, Pham Dinh Trgng, Doan Canh, 2004 Sit dung chi so trung binh ASPT de danh gia nhanh chat lugng nude d he sinh thai dat ngap nude cita vung Ddng Thap Mudi Tap chi Sinh hgc, 26(1): 11-18 Le Trinh, 2008 Nghien cuu phan viing chat lugng nude theo chi sd chat lupng nude (WQI) va danh gia kha nang su dung cac nguon nude sdng, kenh rach d viing phd Hd Chi Minh Bao cao tdm tat nghiem thu dS tai Sd Khoa hpc & Cdng nghe Hd Chi Minh Do Thi Bich Loc et al USE ECOLOGICAL HEALTH MONITORING METHOD (EHM) TO ASSESS WATER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AT AREA DISMISSING OF NHIEU LOC - THI NGHE CHANNEL INTO SAI GON D o Thi Bich Loc, Doan C a n h , Phan D o a n D a n g , P h a m T h a n h Luu, Le Van T h o , Thai Thi M i n h T r a n g Institute of Tropical Biology, V A S T SUMMARY The resuhs obtained from EHM project showed that the water environmental quality of studied area has been put in the ranks " B " and "C", it corresponds with the ecological health categories from average to bad level, Ihc worst level was observed right at discharged throat of Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe channel, where the water of channel has not been treated completely and having been discharged directly into Sai Gon river The results of the classifying for water environmental quality derived from ecological health ranking method provided the understandable informations of water pollution levels at defined sites and lime It is serves as a basic for the authorities as well as the citizens to understand the water quality sources and what kinds and whether the water safe and suitable for intentional uses This research was the first contribution to reality and theory in the field of ecological quality supervising rcsrearch for the Sai Gon river particularly and for other rivers and canals of Ho Chi Minh city generally in the future Keywords: EHM method, Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe channel, Sai Gon river Ngdy nluin bdi: 29-11-2011 ... khde sinh thai dugc xep hang theo B, C tai khu vuc nghien citu la bite tranh ve mdi trudng nude, phan anh mdi tuong quan giii:a cac yeu td mdi trudng vd sinh va hiin sinh, giua cac nhdm sinh. .. Cae ket qua ve gia trj sinh hgc da cho thay, tai khu vuc nghien ciiu tdn tai nhieu loai cd sue chju dyng vdi ndng d nhiem cao, rd rang nhat la tai diera dugc nghicn cuu xung quanh ciia xa ciia kenh... klioc sinh thai dat loai "B" (tot) Tai khu vuc nay, vao mua mua, sinh canli ven bd cdn kha tdt, thanli phan loai thuy sinh vat chii yeu la nhihig loai nhay cam ve phan bd Bdng Sire khoe sinh thai