E)6 Van Quan vd Dig Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 106(06) '''' TINH TOAN HIEU QUA KINH TE KHI THAY THE NHIEN LIEU KHi HOA LONG (LPG) BANG CONG NGHE KHl HOA THAN Do van Quan'''', VO VSn Hai Trmmg Dai hoc Ky l[.]
E)6 Van Quan vd Dig Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 106(06):' TINH TOAN HIEU QUA KINH TE KHI THAY THE NHIEN LIEU KHi HOA LONG (LPG) BANG CONG NGHE KHl HOA THAN Do van Quan', VO VSn Hai Trmmg Dai hoc Ky llmdl f 'ciiig iighii'p DH Thai N TOM TAT Bai b^o trinh bay t6m tSt 1^ thuydt cong ngh^ hoa than vi myc dich nSng lugng Tac gia da linh toan hieu qua kinh l^ thay the phuong An siJr dung nhien lieu hoa long (LPG) bang cong nghe hoa than cho muc dich s3y v^ nung gach lAt s^n, Dong thdi da tinh toAn su can bang Cacbon buong h6a tai nh^ may gach Vi^t-Y, Song Cong, Th^i Nguyen Tii^kho^: Khi hoa smh khoi hoa Idng soi cdn bang Cacbon hoa than DAT VAN DE CO SO LY THUYLT O Viet Nam, cdng nghe hda than da dugc nghien ciru lir nhirng nam 50 ciia the ky tnrdc nham su dung ngudn than cd pham cap thap (do tro va ham Iugng tuu huynh cao) de thay the cho ngudn nhien lieu chat Iugng cao phai nhap khau dat tien (dau, ddt) vi mue dich nang Iugng va giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudng, Nhung sau mdt khoang thdi gian dai ngudn than trir lucmg Idn d viing mo Quang Ninh kha ddi dao, viec khai thac dan gian nen gan nhu cdng nghe hda than bi lang quen Khi hda than la qua Irinh bien ddi nhien lieu ran d nhiet cao nhien lieu bang each cung cap mdt luang han che dxy nguyen chat hoae dxy khdng va thudng ket hgp vdl hai nudc San pham cua qua trinh hda bao gdm cae chat CO, COi, CHj, Hi va mdt sd cac ehat khdng ngung khac Hien nay, cung nhu cau nang lugng cang tang, ngudn Ihan pham eap cao du bao se can kiet mgt khoang thdi gian khdng xa Cling vdi nd, edng nghe dot than theo phuang phap ddt true tiep ed hieu suat chay dn dinh nhung eae chat phat thai SO,, NO^, COi, CO, bui lir qua trinh chay true tiep da gay d nhiem nghiem cho mdi trudng xung quanh C + O; = CO, + 393,80 MJ/KmoI (25°C, lat) X\ik phat tir tinh hinh neu tren, mgl sd ea sd san xuat gdm su, gach lat san da sir dung nhu'ng Id hoa than nhap khau tir Trung Quae nhdm thay thg nhien lieu hda Idng (LPG) Viec danh gia hieu qua hoat dgng cua cac thi^l bi hda than thdng qua tinh loan can bang Caebon la ean thiel ' Tel: 0988.526 12! Cac phan irng ca ban can dugc thuc hien qua trinh hda bao gdm: Phan irng hoa hgc dj the xay viing chay: Khdng dua vao cd chira hai nudc phan irng vdi cacbon d nhiet cao: C + H2O = Hi -t- CO (25"C, lat) 118,50 MJ/kmoI Trong vimg suy giam CO? Iao viing chay bj khii' bdi CO Iheo phan irng Boudouard: CO2 + C = 2C0 - 159,90 MJ/KmoI (25°C, at) Trong viing suy giam cdn xay mdt phan ung tao H2 nhu sau: CO + HiO = CO2 + H, + 41,20 MJ/Kmol (25"C, lat) Khi melan cung dugc lao thiet bj hoa khi: C + 2H2 = CH4 + 87,50 MJ/KmoI ( ^ , lat) Do van Quan vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 106(06) 9- 14 Than cdp |—1 ^ > Bu6ng say Himl ^ Khong kill So' n}iu> en ly lam viec ciia 16 lihi hoa than nguoi Sdng Cdng- Thai Nguyen I Buong h6a Bao hai ThAp rua I Bu6ng tao Ap Krc ThAp rira cap 6, Lpc byi tmh di?n 7, Thiet bj khu tar 8, Buong chiia U'NG DUNG CONG NGHE KHI HOA THAN TAI NHA MAY SAN XUAT GACH LAT SAN SONG CONG - THAI NGUYEN Nguyen ly lam viec Than cue kich thudc tii' 15 - 60 mm dugc tdi nang dua Ien cua nap than ciia Id hoa va nap vao 16 hoa lien luc bang ca cau nap than Gio gdm hon hgp ciia hoi nudc va khong thdi vao tii' day 16 qua khe hd eiia he thdng ghi quay va thyc hien cac phan ung ddt chay va hoan nguyen CO di lii dudi Ien qua cac lop than 16 Ld hoa cd hinh tru Iron dugc lam bang thep gom hai Idp, d giUa hai ldp duac bam day nudc de lam mat vo Id, Nude lam mat vo la nirdc mem de tranh hien tugng ddng can vao vd 16 Klii Ihan duac hinh vdi phSn chii yk\ la CO, Hj, COi, CH4 va cac khdng ngung khac kem theo lugng hat bui than Khi khoi buong hoa nhiet dd ciia san pham ed gia tri khoang 450 - 500''C San pham tiep tuc di thap lang sa bd d nhiet eao theo kieu eyelon khoang 70% bui than duae khu Khi Ihan duac dua qua thap Iam lanh cap toe bang nudc theo nguyen Iy nguac ehieu nhiet dd giam xuong cdn 100 - nO^C Bui than dugc khii' hSu het trd than ban tinh va dugc dua qua 10 thap Ige bui Ian cd eae ehat ddn de Igc sach hoan loan Khi than dat dg saeh tieu chuan va nhiel edn khoang 40 - 50''C Khi than sach dugc dua vao budng tang ap bang cac quat cao ap, ap suat lai cac dau la 8KPa va dugc dua vao thap lgc lach hai nudc va tap chat rdi duac dua vao id nung de say, nung san pham bang cac md dot eiia Id say, 16 nung Trong qua trinh tao hoa than nudc sach dugc dua vao bd Iam mem nudc khir cac ion kiem thd trd nude mem dat tieu chuan nudc sir dung eho ndi hai Nudc duac ham vao dai nudc cua vd Id, nhd tan dung nhiel cua td sinh lam nudc mem bay hai Hai nudc dugc quat gid day Cling vdi khdng kht vao day Id Iam lac nhan hoa Nudc saeh ngoai vai trd lam lae nhan hoa cdn sii' dung de lam ngudi eap tdc theo nguyen ly chuyen ddng nguge ehieu tam lanh phan va bui than sau tuan hoan qua thap lam Ianh, qua be luan hoan tang, loc Hicu qua kinh te su- dung 16 hoa than nguoi Muc lieu sir dung Id hda than ngudi nhiim tiet kiem chi phi nhien Meu cho qua trinh say va nung gach lat san, dd la ditng than de thay the gas d cdng doan Id nung va ham Do VAn Quan vd Dig Tap chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE sSy giam gia san pham tang tlnh canh tranh tren thj trudng Tinh toan chi phi cho nha may san xuat sir dung hoa long LPG - Tinh lodn lirang hoa long LPG Nhu cau LPG cung cap eho Id nung va say nflm I nam (lay san tugng trung binh hang nam de tinh loan la 1.800.000 m" san pham): Lugng gas thyc le can cap cho Id nung va ham siy ISOOOOOm" x 1,2kg 2160000 (kg/nam) - Tinh lodn chi phi sir clung lioa Idng LPG Vdl gia GAS vao khoang 26500 ddng/kg thi sd lien phai tra mua GAS I nam la: 2160000 x 26500 = 57240000000 (dong/nam) - Chl phi bao dtrcrng Tir nha may di vao van hanh den ehi phi bao dudng he thdng cap gas hang nam don Vl cung cap gas dam nhiem Nha may chi phai kiem tra va bao dudng he thdng dudng dng cap den Id Chi phi bao dudng rat thap nen khdng can tinh loan Tdng chi phi sir dung GAS I nam: 57240000000 (ddng/nam) Tinh toan chi phi cho nha may san xuat sii' dung 16 hoa than nguoi - Nhu cdu than frong ndm la: Lugng than tieu hao/ngay: 20500 kg/ngay Luang than can cung cap cho td nung va ham say nam la: 20500 X 330 = 6765000 (kg/nam) - Chi phi bo sir dung than cho id hoa: Vdi gia than hien vao khoang 4285 (ddng/kg) thi chi phi mua nhien lieu than I nam la: 6765000 X 4285 = 28988025000 (d6ng/nam) - Chi phi dien bo phdn hod ihan ngugi: + Tieu thu dien ciia thiet bi: Lugng dien lieu thu thuc le la: 130 kw/h + Gia dien binh quan cho I KW/h, 3000 d6ng + Chi phi dien Ih la: I30KW/h X 3000 = 390000 (ddng/h) 106(06): 9- Tdng chl phi lien di^n I ngay: 390000ddng/h x 24 - 9360000 (ddng/ngay) Tdng chi phi lien dien I nam: 9360000 X 330 = 3088800000 (dong/nam) - Chi phi niiuc sdn xudi • Lugng nudc lieu thu Ihyc Ic la: 72 mVngay + Gia nude binh quan Im : 6500 ddng Tdng chi phi tien nirdc Irong 72 X 6500 = 468000 dong/ngay Tong chi phi lien nude nam: 468000 X 330 thang = 154440000 (dong/nam) * Chi phi krong cdng nhdn vdn hdnh trgm hod ihan ngudi: Tien tuong binh quan: 5000000 (d6ng/ngirdi/thang) Tdng sd lao dong: 15 ngudi Chi phi lien luang I nam: 15 X 5000000 X 12 = 900000000 (dong/nam) Chi phi tien Iuong I ngay: 900000000: 330 = 2727272 (dong/ngay) * Chi phi bao dufnig I ihdng: 36000000 dong Chi phi bao dudng, van hanh nam: 36000000 X 12 = 432000000 (d6ng/nam) - Chi phi khdu hao ldi sdn Gia In tai san dau lu: 4123000000 d6ng Thdi gian khau hao: nam Gia trj khau tiao nam: 859500000 ddng GiatrikhSuhao thang 71625000 dong -Chi phi lai vay 01 nam: 510000000 d6ng Tdng chl phi sir dung than tinh cho mgt nam: 28988025000 + 3088800000 + 154440000 + 900000000 + 432000000 + 859500000 + 510000000 = 1847053800 (d6ng/nam) - Nhu \ii\ long gia tn kinh te lain Igi cho nha may mot nam chuyen tir ddt nhien lieu LPG sang ddt than la: 57240000000 - 31847053800 = 25392946200 (ddng/nam) Do van Quan vd Dig 106(06): - 14 Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Hicu qua giam thieu phal thai mdi t r u d n g sti' dung 16 k h i hoa than nguoi - Tac dgng ciia than; + Khi than duge phat sinh td kin va dua vao dot Irong budng dot Id nung va ham say Khoi thai ciia h^m say va 16 nuiig gom C O ' va hai nudc luong ty ddt LPG +- Trong qua trinh nap ihan gian doan len pheu nap tren cung cd I tugng bui than rat nhd thoat irong qua Irinh chuyen than len pheu nap bang elevalor Qua trinh nap Ihan gian doan theo tirng mc lir pheu nap tren \ao eira nap eua Id hda luan thii nghiem ngat theo thir \.\t dinli san, dam bao tranh ton that nhiet cho Id cae ong khdi Iai ehi md CO su cd phai dirng td mmg de xa ap d u can thiet Lugng bui tan Irong Ihan dugc khii sach hai budc bang cdng nghp lang Igc cyclon va be sue nude luan hoan nen dam bao duge lam sach irude dua vao ddt Id nung va ham say ngang, nen tudn dam bao mdi trudng khdng bi d nhiem van hanh sii' dung Qua trinh ddt cua gas Irong Id nung va ham say dugc kiem soat chat che thdng qua he thong kicm soat dien tir l y ddng ludn khdng che ham lugng CO khdi thai dudi mirc eho phep < 500mg/ m ' ( T C V N 5939-1995) - Tac ddng cua nude thai: Trong qua trinh sir ly than phai diing nirdc rii'a va Iam ngugi Nudc dtrgc tam sach luan hoan Irong he thdng be tuan hoan m \ Djnh ky I lan/nam siic rira cac ch^l tSng di sii dung tai (bui than) Ham lugng luu huynh cd than se duoc Irung hoa dinh ky bang \ o i Nhu \ a y , cd the eoi khdng d nhiem nirdc sir dung tram phal sinh than, Tac dpng ciia chat thai rSn; ChSt thai xin gom bui than va Iro than, Trong qua trinh sang tuyen ca hgc d6 phan toai, bui than khong phat tan rgng dirge kich ihirdc hat bui Idn va so luang it (chi cd sang than cue pham vi nha chiia than) Qua trinh nap Ihan vao td hda dugc khep kin pham vi hep va duac co gidi hda, ban nira than nap la than cue da dugc luyen nen lugng byi la khdng dang ke, khong anh hudng tdi indi trudng xung quanh Theo tinh toan eua nha eung cap thiet bj va thuc te, Phdng Tai nguyen M d i Irudng cua tinh Thai Nguyen da ndng dg bui phat thai khdng Irong nha may van hanh nhd han mire eho phep < m g / m \ T C V N 5939 - 1995 ), Thanh phan than su dung cho Id klii hda than iiguni ciia N h a may Nhifl _ , i - Thanh phan nhicn li^u Kcal kl 7642 I | •1 )| 5,54 0,58 I - Lugng C O i phat thai chuyen Ihanh Ihan dc ddtV^ =0,01(CO+CO + a i )=O,Oi(28+5+0,5) = 0,335 (mVkg nhien lieu); tuong duong 0,29(m'/kg nhien lieu) - Lu0ng C O i phat thai ddt LPG: v/.-JJ*^ =0.()l(C,jnjj + C ^ I I | y ) = 0.01(50+50) = I (m /m" nhien lieu) So sanh phat thai C O i ta thay vdi ciing mdt lugng nhien lieu Ihi phuong phap ddt than phal thai thap nhat T i n h can bang Cacbon Tir cac lining sd eiia nhien lieu da cho sir dung eho nha may g^eh lat san V i e l - Y , Song Cdng, Thai Nguyen la cd the tinh loan can bang Cacbon ciia thiel bj hda CM, day Cacbon CH4 khdng dang ke nen ta ed the bd qua phan CH4 Nhu vay Cacbon tdn tai chinh phan san pham la CO, CO? va mgt phan cdn tai Irong \ i khdng ehay het D6 Van'Quan vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Vi du tinh loan eho mpt lin lay mau: CO v% COi V% 25,5 5,5 CH, V% 0,015 (m'/h) 4124 0,3712 (kfi/h) 1356 Vk- Luu tugng san pham khi; B,- Lugng than lieu thu Tdng hgp sd Ian lay mau thuc te tai nha may sau mgl ca tam viec: So [An CO CO, mau 25.1 5.6 c„ Luong Luvng Tong Cncbon Gabon Cncbon viio 0.357 74 99 67 86 90 48 0.368 75 20 67 71 90.04 25.3 5.5 25.4 4.5 5.5 0.354 78 81 73.08 92.72 25 4 0.346 64 30 50.25 78 15 25.5 4.8 0.348 85 32 76.50 89 66 25.8 4.7 4.7 0.352 87.03 64-77 74.42 26 5.1 4.78 3588 70 65 63 44 89 79 72 20 67-84 93.95 25.7 5.5 5-2 0.364 25.5 5.12 0.3662 81.50 79-65 97.73 10 25 5.5 4.87 0.3537 68.43 67-17 98.15 11 25 4.9 6.5 0.369 76 23 75-08 98.48 12 25.6 5.2 6.23 0.3703 70 03 65-84 94 01 13 26 5.14 0.3614 68 43 63-07 92.16 14 25.3 5.4 5.87 0.3657 78.66 75 38 95.83 15 25.5 5.5 6.12 0-3712 70.03 68.29 97.50 Caebon ciia nhien lieu dua vao ta cd C„h,eni,eu= 1356.0,6198=840,45(kg) Q,„enh=u = 840,45/12=70,03(Kmol) Xac dinh lupng Cacbon chua sach: Vdl l(kinol) san pham d dieu kien tieu chuan thi Lugng Caebon ehua CO bang: 0,255(kmol) Lugng Caebon chiia Irong COi bang: 0,055(kinol) Lugng Cacbon chira xi thai bang 6.12% nhu vay bang: 0,0612(kmol) Tdng phin Cacbon chira CO, CO? va xi bing 0,37I2(kinoI) Gia thi§t ring, I(kmol) san pham co the tich bing 22,4I6(m"\c) va duge coi la ly tudng thi ldng Caebon chira san pham bang: 4124 22,416 ^68,29(kmol) Ty Ie tuang duong giira dac thuc le va Iy thuyet: e = I00x-^^^97.5% 70.03 KF;T LUAN Hicn nay, cdng nghe hda da va dang phal trien rat manh me tren the gidi, nd dang tii'ng bird'c dugc hoan Ihien vc mat cdng nghe, Nhung tai Vict Nam viee irng dung cong nghe hoa nhien lieu ran vdi muc dich nang lugng van dang d giai doan lim hieu, danh gia va thu nghiem Mot sd nha may sir dung thiet bj hda than chii yeu nhap khau tir Trung Qudc cdng sual vira va nhd dang dugc irng dung tai cac nha may gach, nha may can thep, nha may san xuat phan dam Nhung cac thiet bi chua dupc nhien ciru danh gia hieu qua mot each cu the Trong tirang Iai khong xa tru' Iugng than pham cap eao se bet, than CO pham cap thap cung nhu sinh khdi co trii' tugng Idn nam rai rac tai nhii'ng vimg xa Irung tam khd khan cho viec truyen tai dien thi viec nghien ciru va ung dung cac cdng nghe hda de san xual dien, nhiet dap irng nhu cau nang Iugng tai chd va dam bao mdi tnrdng dugc nhan dang la mgl giai phap cd hieu qua va cap thiet Viec nghien eiru danh gia hieu qua lam viec cua cac Ihiet bj hda nhien lieu ran cung can dugc de cap den TAI LIEU THAM K H A O I Dutta, Animesh (1998) A study of Biomass Gasification for Engine Applications' Thesis; Energy Program; AIT, Thailand 2, Pham Hoang Lucmg, D§ Van Quan; "'Nghien ciiu irng dung cong nghe hoa sinh khoi cong suat nho de san xuat nang lugng", Tap chi khoa hoc vd Cong nghe nhiel Viel Sam s6 74-Thang 3/2007 Pham Hoang Luang, Nghien cini vd phdt tnen cong nghe sir dung ndng luang a Viel Nam, Hoi nghi khoa hgc lan thii 20 - Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Noi, nam 2006 ^ Be dn cai lien he ihong Id mmg gach Idl sdn iheo phiro'ng phdp dot LPG bdng cong nghe hoa than, nam 2O06 13 Do van Quan vo Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE SUMMARY CALCULATION OF ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY WHEN REPLACING LIQUID PETROLEUM (GASIFICATION (LPG) BY COAL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY Do Van Quan', Vu Van Hai C 'allege oj Technology - TNV This paper breifly presents the theory of coal gasification technology for energy purposes The economical efficiency as well as the carbon balance in gasification chambers are calculated when coal gasification melhod is replaced LPG in order to dry and calcine the tiles in Viet - Y Factory of Tiles, Song Cong, Thai Nguyen Key words: Ihoma.s.i /!uidiied-hcdgasi/ication carbon balance, coai gasification Jgdy nhdn bill: 09/5/2013 Ngdyplidn bien: 15/5/2013: Ngdy duyet Tel: 09SS 526.121 ddng'26/7/2013 ... Bui than dugc khii'' hSu het trd than ban tinh va dugc dua qua 10 thap Ige bui Ian cd eae ehat ddn de Igc sach hoan loan Khi than dat dg saeh tieu chuan va nhiel edn khoang 40 - 50''''C Khi than. .. hoa than nguoi - Nhu cdu than frong ndm la: Lugng than tieu hao/ngay: 20500 kg/ngay Luang than can cung cap cho td nung va ham say nam la: 20500 X 330 = 6765000 (kg/nam) - Chi phi bo sir dung than. .. U''NG DUNG CONG NGHE KHI HOA THAN TAI NHA MAY SAN XUAT GACH LAT SAN SONG CONG - THAI NGUYEN Nguyen ly lam viec Than cue kich thudc tii'' 15 - 60 mm dugc tdi nang dua Ien cua nap than ciia Id hoa va