Ddo Vdn Bifin va Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 123(09) 77 82 NGHIEN ClTU HIEU QUA CUA CHE PHAM VI SINH V^T HUtJ HIEU (EM THir CAP) TRONG XU" LY M 6 I TRlTCflVG CHAN NUOI GA T^I HUYEN TAM DAO TINH ^[.]
Ddo Vdn Bifin va Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 123(09): 77-82 NGHIEN ClTU HIEU QUA CUA CHE PHAM VI SINH V^T HUtJ HIEU (EM THir CAP) TRONG XU" LY M I TRlTCflVG CHAN NUOI GA T^I HUYEN TAM DAO - TINH ^^NH PHUC Bko van Bifin', D3 Thj Lan, Nguyin Tudn Anh Truang Dgi hoc Nong Ldm - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT Nghifin cim dugc tien hanh nhdm xac djnh hieu qud cua che phim vi sinh vat hiJu hieu (EM thii cip) xii ly mdi trudng chdn nuoi gd tai huyfin Tam Ddo- tinh VTnh Phiic Ket qua cho thay, Sii dung che pham sinh hpc lam dfim lot sinh hpc cho chan nudi gia cdm tai tinh VTnh Phiic nam 2013 dd cho kfit qud rat tdt viec cdi thien mdi trudng chan nudi, iam giam miii hdi cua chuong nudi, Lupng thdi NHj gidm 5,71 lan; H2S giam 4,48 lan so vdi phuang phap chan nufii tniyen thdng Ham lupng N, P, K phan tang, cu the: Nita tdng so tang 1,41 lan; Photpho tdng so tdng 1,62 lan; Kali tong sfi ting 1,58 lin, dieu lam tdng chat lupng phan bon Trong dd hdm lupng cac chiing vi sinh vat chuong nuoi lai co xu hudng gidm manh Sir dung che phdm vi sinh vdt hiru hifiu chdn nuoi gia cam mang lai hifiu qua kinh tfi, hieu qua moi trudng va tang thu nhap cho ngudi dan cao hon so vdi phuang phap chan nudi tmyen thong Chfi pham sinh hpc (EM thir cap) da dupc ddn nhdn nhu Id mpt giai phap de dam bao cho mpt nen nfing nghiep phdt trien ben vitng vd bdo ve moi trudng Tir khda: Dim lot sinh hgc, chdn nudi gd, EM thu cdp hiiu qud kinh te phdt triin bin virng, bdo vi mdi tru&ng DAT VAN DE Trong nhO'ng nam gin day, ciing vdi sy phat trien ciia nen kinh te dat nudc thi nhu cau ciia ngudi tifiu diing ddi vdi cac san pham chan nuoi cang ddi hdi cao hon khdng nhung ve sd lugng ma ca ve chat lugng, Di ddi vdi vipc phat trifin chdn nudi, mdt van dfi can quan tdm gidi quyet dd la bao ve mdi trudng, gidm thifiu nhiing chat thai va chat ddc chan nudi gay dang trd mdi quan tam chung cua toan xa hgi (Nguyen Thj Lien va cpngsy, 2010)[2] Hda citng xu thfi phat trien ciia dat nudc nhang nam qua tinh VTnh Phuc da cd nhQ-ng budc tien vugt bac Sy phat trien san xuat cac ngdnh ndi chung, san xuat ndng nghiep ndi rifing dd cd nganh chdn nudi, ddc biet la chdn nudi gia cam d tinh VTnh Phiic dd cd nhieu su thay ddi, gdp phan to Idn vao sy phdt trien kinh te chung ciia tinh nha, Trong thdi gian qua cdc van de bao ve mdi trudng ndng thon da dugc cac cap chinh quyfin quan tdm, nhien vipc quan ly va xir ly chat thai van cdn nhieu h^n chfi Tel: 0918 475995 Email: daovanbienOW3@gmail.Ci Vdi muc dich irng dung che phdm EM viec cai thien mdi truong va xir ly chat thai chdn nudi, cy the la chdn nudi ga, chiing tdi tien hanh thyc hien de tai: "Nghien cuu hiiu qud cda che phdm vi sinh vat hu-u hieu (EM thir cdp) xii- ly moi tru&ng chan nuoi gd tai huyin Tam Ddo- tinh Vinh Phiic" Vdi muc tifiu dfi ngan chdn, xir ly tinh tr^ng d nhifim mdi trudng nudc, khdng thong qua dd tirng budc nang cao chat lugng mdi trudng ndng thdn gdp phan phat trien ndng nghifip ndng thdn ben virng VAT LIEU, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Vat lieu nghien cuu - Chfi phdm sinh hpc EM thii cap - Dfim sinh hgc (Trau, miin cua, cdm ngd, I'i mat dudng) - Ga thjt, ga de - Dfi tai dugc nghien ciru va thyc hien tai thdn Quan ngoai, xa Tam Quan, huyen Tam Dao VTnh Phuc - Thai gian nghifin ciiu: tir thang 08 ndm 2013 dfin thang 10 ndm 2014 77 Dao Van Bifin vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Phirong phap nghien cmi - Phuang phap dieu tra phdng van: De thyc hien ndi dung tren chung tdi tien hanh dieu tra so mau d tinh VTnh Phiic dieu tra ngau nhien 150 hd bdng phuang phap sii dyng bg cau hdi kfit hgp phdng van tryc tiep Cac hg dan dugc lya chgn cd trinh hgc van khac Phuong phap thu thap sd lieu thii cip: Thu thap so lieu thii cap d phdng Ndng nghiep va phdng Tai nguyen Mdi trudng d cac huyen, phd Cac sd lieu ve dieu kifin ty nhien kinhte xahdi tir cac tai lieu cd san - Phuang phap bd tri thi nghiem Nghien ciru dugc tien hanh tai 10 hd chan nudi ga theo quy md trang trai vdi sd lugng tir 500 den 1000 ga de tuong ducmg (500 m^/ san nudi) tai xa Tam Quan, huyen Tam dao, tinh VTnh Phiic 123(09): 77-82 Cdng thirc 5: DLU (lam dem lot sinh hpc dang Idng + cho ga udng chfi pham pha loang vdi ty le 3°/oo)Cac chi tieu theo doi gdm: danh gia kha nang xii ly ddc H2S, NH3 chit thai chdn nudi; danh gia ham lugng chat dinh duong N, P, K tdng so, im chat thai chan nudi; danh gia ham lugng vi sinh vat chit thai chan nudi nhu Ecoli, Coliform, sammonella Phan tich cac chi tieu hda hgc va sinh hgc theo phuang phap va tieu chuin tai phdng thi nghiem - Vien Khoa hgc Sy sdng ciia Dai hpc Thai Nguyen, phdng thi nghiem cua Khoa Moi trudng - Dai hgc Ndng Lam Thai Nguyen, - Phuang phap lay mau va phan tich mau phdng thi nghiem, KET QUA NGHIEN ClJU VA THAO LUAN Thi nghiem gdm cdng thirc: Danh gia ve quy md thvc hien Cdng thii'c 1: KUI (chan nudi truyen thdng khdng su dung che pham) - Quy md: Thyc hien 10 hg chdn nudi ga theo quy md trang trai vdi sd lugng tir 500 den 1000 ga de tuong duong (500 mV san nudi) Cdng thirc 2: DB (lam dem Idt sinh hoc dang bdt) Cdng thiic 3: DL (lam dem Idt sinh hpc dang long) Cdng thirc 4: DBU (lam dem lot sinh hgc dang bdt + cho ga udng che pham pha loang vdi ty le 3%o)- - Dja diem: xa Tam Quan, huyen Tam Dao, tinh VTnh Phiic - Ddi tugng hudng Igi: ngudi chan nudi, nhiing ngudi ndng dan dang sinh sdng thugc khu vyc nai thyc hien de tai Bang Danh sdch Who ddn iham gia md hinh dim sinh hoc tgi ihon Quan Ngogi -xa Tam Quanhuyen Tam Ddo - tinh VTnh Phiic Hp va tfin Nguyen Xuan Trudng Nguyen Van Toan Nguyfin Van Yen Nguyen Van Binh Nguyfin Hong Tuyen Dao Vdn Khang Ldng Xuan Hdo Tran Van Tuan Le Thanh Nghl Dao Vdn Lap 78 Dien tich chudng nudi (Dvt: m^) S - 700m7 chuong S - 600m^/ chufing S = 600m-/ chudng S = 700mV chudng S = 600m~/ chufing S = 500m-/ chudng S = 700m"/ chudng S = 250mV chufing S= 200m-/chudng S = 600m-.'' chudng So lupng gia cam (Dvt: con) 5.000 ga de 000 ga de 5.000 gd dfi 5.000 gd de 3.000 gade 000 ga de 5,000 ga de 2,000 ga de 2.000 gd dfi 5.000 gd de Hien trang chudng nufii chudng tret chudng tret chu6ng tret chudng tret chuong tret chufing tret chuong tret chudng hfit chudng yfit i: ong tret Uio VSn Bign vd Dtg T?p chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 123(09): 7 - Hieu q u a k i n h t e c u a vice sir d u n g c h l p h a m sinh hoc t r o n g c h a n n u o i g a Hieu qua t i trimg va Itrnig Ihirc an liiu dn v&i nuoi ga t i BSng Ket qud ty le de trimg vd luting thitc dn tieu thu ciia gd cd 40 Cong thirc Nuoi tiiong tjiircng (Ichong s i dung che pham) Sn dyng dem sinh hoc kh hop cho uong Lutmg thiic an (gam/con /ngay) Ty le de trung (%) Lu^g thirc an (gam/con/ ngiy) ' 94,30 117 91,70 117 ' 95,50 114 92,30 115 (Ngudn so lieu dieu tra nong hd) Hiiu kinh te cua viic chan nuoi sie dung Sim lot sinh hoc BSng So bo tinh todn chi phi cho ddn gd de 200 tir 20 - 40 tuan tuoi Bern vi linh: VND N$i dung Giong Thuc an Tho y Di^n -t- nu6c Lao dpng Dung cu Khau hao chu6ng trai Chi phi khic Mua Bio-TMT Tong chi Thu (V^D) Bin trihig g i Bin phan T6ng thu Chenh Ifch (Thu - chi) Nuoi thong thu'o'ng Sir dung dem sinh hoc ket hyp cho u6ng I Chi phi (VNB) 3.000.000 36.300.000 150 150 5000 100 100 50 44.850.000 39.470.000 60.760.000 1.000.000 61.760.000 16.910.000 61.880 000 61.880.000 22.410.000 3.000.000 35.200.000 70 150 100 100 50 ± SSOO.OOOd So sinh TN/DC (lan) (Ngudn sd liiu diiu tra ndng hg) * So vdi nudi thdng t h u d n g thi neu sir dung chfi pham lam dfim Idt lifit hgp cho udng se thu dugc tifin lai cao hon so vdi nudi thdng thudng la 5,500,000 ddng, Hi^u qua moi tnrang Bang Nhdn xet cua ngir&i ddn xi mdi Iru&ng xung quanh cdc trai bdng chi phdm smh hoc (EM thu cdp) ddxuly Dan VI linh % D i n h gia Chi tiSu Moi truirng khong kh[ M6i truimg dit Moi Iru&ng nudrc Sire kh6e ngiriri Co i n h hurrng 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 Khong anh h u ong 99,00 95,00 96,00 100,00 Blnh thufrng 1,00 5,00 4,00 0,00 (Ngudn sd li^u diiu Ira thuc li) D i o Vin Bien vd Dtg 123(09): 77 - 82 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Bang Hdm luong ikhiNHj tai khu vti•c chudng nudi (Dan vi tinh: ppm) TuSn thti' Cong thirc KUi(d6i chimg) DB (dem b6t) DL (dem long) DBU (dem bot + u6ng) DLU (dem long + uong) 15 30 45 35,23 5,68 5,36 4,60 3,50 47,35 12,00 10,50 7,00 6,00 55,31 13,30 11,00 10,65 9,68 QCVN 01 - IS: 2010/BNNPTNT 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 (Ngudn:Kit qud true liip tai chudng nudi) Bang Hdm luang H^S lgi khu vuc chudng nudi (Dan vi linh: ppm) Tuan t h u Cong thirc 15 30 45 KUi(d6i chiimg) DB (dem bot) 11,30 6,35 14,67 7,00 20,86 9,00 01 - IS: QCVN 2010/BNNPTNT 5,00 5,00 DL (dera long) 5,37 6,66 8,66 5,00 DBU (dem bpt -f uong) 5,80 6,83 5,64 5,00 DLU (dem long + uong) 2,50 3,65 4,65 5,00 (Ngudn-Kit qud true liip tgi chudng nuoi) Ket qua thi nghiem d bang tren cho thay: bd sung che pham EM thii' cap chan nudi ga co tac dyng lam giam miii hdi cua chudng nudi Lugng thai NH3 giam 5.71 lan; H2S giam tir 4.48 lan so vdi chan nudi theo phuang phap truyen thdng Dieu chiing td bo sung che pham sinh hgc (EM thii cap) vao thi ham lugng NH3, H2S giam di dang ke Ham lugng NHj, H;S cao se gay d nhiem mdi trudng va day la mdt nhung nguyen nhan gay bimg phat dich benh Ddnh gid hdm luang N, P, K tong so chdt thdi chdn nuoi Bang Hdm luong N ldng so phdn gd lgi khu vuc chudng nudt Cong thirc KU,(d6i chung) DB (dem b6t) DL (dem long) DBU (dem bpt + u6ng) DLU (dem long + uong) 15 0,50 0,66 1,00 1,07 1,08 Tuan thij' 30 0,70 0,83 1,03 1,08 1,10 45 0,80 1,07 1,09 1,11 1,13 (Nguon: Ket qud phdn tich tai PTN Khoa Moi truang - DHNLTN) Bang S Hdm luong P tong so irong phdn gd tai khu vuc chuong nudi (Dan vi linh: %) Cong thiic KU|(d6i chimg) DB (dem bpt) DL (dem long) DBU (dem bpt + u6ng) DLU (dem lpng + uong) 15 0,48 0,49 0,56 0,68 0,81 Tuan thu' 30 0,51 0,58 0,65 0,79 0,85 45 0,53 0,69 0,76 0,84 86 (Ngudn: Kit qud phdn tich tai PTN Khoa Moi trun > • _ DHNLTN Dio van Bien vd Dtg Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 123(09): 7 - Bang Hdm luang K tdng so phdn gfl tai khu vuc chudng nuoi Cong thirc KU|(d6i chung) DB (dem bpt) DL (dem long) DBU (dem bpt + uOng) DLU (dem long -1- uong) Tuin thiT 30 0,36 0,43 0,47 0,49 0,52 15 0,31 0,40 0,45 0,47 0,52 45 0,38 0,44 0,48 0,56 0,60 (Ngudn Kit qud phdn lich lgi PTN Khoa Moi tru&ng - DHNLTN) Ham lugng N (NiTo), P (Photpho), K (Kali) tdng sd khac d cac cdng thiic va cac tudn khac Ham lugng cac chat dinh dudng N, P, K tdng sd tang ten: N tdng sd tang 1,41 lan, P tdng sd tang 1,62 lan; K tdng sd tang 1,58 ldn so vdi khdng sir dyng Lugng N,P, K tang len la su dung EM2 viec lam dem Idt thi kha nang phan huy phan ga tang len, vi EM2 cd nhieu loai vi sinh vat huu ich nhu vi sinh vat cd dinh dam, Idn, kali lam cho ham lugng tdng len Ddnh gid hdm luang vi sinh vdt chat thdi chdn nuoi Bdng 10 So lugng mdt sd loai vi sinh vdl cd phdn sau 30 tudn xir ly (MPN/lOOmg) Chi tieu Cong thirc KUi (D6i chimg khong su dung che phiimEM2) DB (dam bot) DL (dam lpng) DBU(dem bOt + upng) DLU(dem long -1- uong) QCVN 01-15:2010/BNNPTNT Ecoli (MPN/IOOmg) 16342 550 528 402 398 500 Samonella (MPN/lOOmg) 97 0 KPH Coliform (MPN/IOOmg) 127030 4276 3560 3432 3224 5000 (Nguon kit qud phdn tich mdu phdn lai vien KHSS tru&ng DHNL) Ham lugng cac nhdm vi sinh vat cd hai dfiu ndm quy chuan cho phep cd bd sung chfi phdm, cdn khdng sir dyng che phdm thi cd xu hudng tang len cu the: nhdm vi khudn Ecoli vugt quy chuan cho phep la 32,68 ldn; nhdm vi khudn Coliform vugt quy chuan cho phep 25,4 lan Do do, da cai thien dang kfi chdt lugng mdi trudng chudng trai ciia cac hd tham gia ciing nhu mdi trudng sdng cOa thdn xdm Hiiu qua xd hgi: Nang cao nhan thirc, y thiic cua ngudi dan ve bao vfi mdi trudng: cd tren 80% hd ndng dan lan ddu tien dugc tiep can vdi ky thuat xu ly chdt thai chan nudi bang dem sinh hgc; ky thuat lam dem dugc tap huan, hudng dan cy the, kifim tra ddnh gia vd phd bifin cac giai phap xir ly tiep theo KET LUAN vA KIEN NGHI Ket luan Dfi tai "Nghiin cuu hieu qud cda che phdm vi sinh v(7/ huu hifu (EM thi'f cap) xic ly moi tru&ng chdn nuoi gd tai huyin Tam Ddo- tinh VTnh Phuc" dugc thyc hifin tai 10 hd gia dinh tai xa Tam Quan, huyen Tam Dao tinh VTnh Phuc la mgt nhirng xa ma phdn Idn ngudi dan thu nhdp chu yeu tir chan nudi vd san xuat ndng, lam nghifip, trinh dd dan tri khdng ddng deu, ddi sdng nhan dan cdn gap nhifiu khd khdn Viec ap dung va trien khai md hinh sii dung che pham EM thir cap lam dfim Idt sinh hgc la bien phap xir ly d nhifim than thien vdi mdi trudng, gia xii ly thap, ba ndng dan cd the dfi dang ap dung - Tao ngudn phan bdn hihi ca tai chd, nang cao hieu qua san xudt ndng nghiep, giam gia ciia ndng san - Giam thifiu d nhifim mdi trudng tai cac khu vyc chdn nudi + Lugng thai NH, giam 5,71 ldn; H2S giam tir 4,48 lan so vdi chdn nudi theo phuang phap truyen thdng Dao Vdn Bien va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 123(09): 7 - + Ham lugng cac chdt dinh d u o n g N , P, K tong h u y e n , kfit h g p diing chfi p h a m E M thir cap sd tdng len: N tdng so tang 1,41 lan, P tdng sd p h u n t r o n g khu v u c san t h a gia c a m v a cho tang 1,62 ldn; K tdng sd tang 1,58 lan so vdi u d n g n h d m x u ly t d n g t h e m o i t r u d n g chdn nudi theo p h u a n g phap truyen thdng chan nudi gia c a m + Ham lugng cac n h d m vi sinh vat cd hai deu nam quy chuan cho p h e p + Ngudi dan sinh sdng khu v y c trien khai d y an tranh d u g c n h u n g anh h u d n g tac ddng xau ciia mdi t r u d n g chan nudi gay ra, phdng tranh d nhiem k h d n g khi, ngudn n u d c (bao gdm ca ngudn n u d c ngam), giam thieu kha ndng phat sinh va lay lan djch benh cho ngudi vd dgng vat Kien nghi Che phdm sinh hgc ( E M thir cap) k h d n g n h u n g giai quyet van de mdi t r u d n g cho chdn nudi gia cam ma cdn cd kha ndng giai quyet cac van de mdi t r u d n g khac n h u : xii ly phe phu pham n d n g n g h i e p , xii ly rac thai, n u d c thai, va phan gia siic, T i e p tuc tri va m d rdng m d hinh dem sinh hgc xii TAJ L I E U T H A M K H A O Biii Xuan An (2007), Nguy ca tdc dgng den moi tru&ng vd hiin trgng qudn ly chdt thdi chdn nudi vitng Ddng Nam Bg, Nxb Dai hpc Ndng Iam, phfi Hd Chi Minh Hoang Thi Lan Anh (2012), Nghien ciiu hifiu qud ciia mot s6 loai chfi phdm vi sinh vat hiiu hieu (EM thii cdp) xu ly moi trudng chdn nudi ga tai Thdi Nguyfin Nguyfin Thj Lifin, Nguyfin Quang Tuyfin, Nguyfin Manh Cudng (2010), Kit qud img dungvi sinh vdl hiin hieu EM (Efectiver Microorganims) chdn nudi gd tgi tinh Thdi Nguyen, Dai hpc Nong Iam Thai Nguyfin, Thai Nguyen Nguyfin Quang Thach (2001), Bdo cdo tdng kel nghiem thu de ldi nghiin cuu doc lap cdp nhd nu&c nam 1998 - 2000, Ha Noi, UBND VTnh Phiic (2012), "Bdo_ cdo kit qua thuc hien nhiim vu phdt Irien kinh ti - xa hgi nam 2012 vd phuang huang nhiim vu phdi Iriin kmh li - xa hdi nam 2013 " ly chat thai chan nudi gia cam tren toan SUMMARY T H E STUDY O F EFFICIENCY M I C R O O R G A N I S M P R E P A R A T I O N S ( S E C O N D A R Y E M ) IN E N V I R O N M E N T A L R E M E D I A T I O N B R E E D I N G CHICKEN AT TAM DAO DISTRICT, VINH PHUC PROVINCE Dao Van Bien", Do Thi Lan College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU The study was conducted to determine the efficiency of microorganism preparations (secondary EM) in environmental remediation chicken breeding at Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc province The results showed that, using probiotics make biological padding for poultry in Vinh Phuc province in 2013 gave very good resuhs in improving the production environment, reduce odor of the bam NH3 emissions decreased by 5.71 times; HjS decreased by 48 times compared with traditional breeding methods Levels of N, P, K in fertilizer increased, namely: total niyogen by 1,41 times; Phosphorus total increase of 1,62 times Kali total increase of 1.58 times, which increases the quality of the fertilizer Meanwhile microorganisms in the bam tend to decline Using preparations viable microorganisms for poultry bring economic efficiency, environmental performance and increase people's income is higher than traditional farming methods, Probiotics (secondary EM) has been well received as a solution to ensure that agriculture sustainable development and environmental protection Key words: Biological Mats, chicken, secondary EM economic efficiency, sustainable developmenl, environmental protection Ngdy nhdn bdi:06/5/2014 Ngdy phdn bien 15/5/2014: Ngdy duyil ddng- 20/8/2014 Phim biin khoa hoc: TS DuNggc Thdnh- Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ndng Ldm - DH Thdi Nguven Tel 0918 475995 Email daovanbienni03@gmail com 82 ... EM2 viec lam dem Idt thi kha nang phan huy phan ga tang len, vi EM2 cd nhieu loai vi sinh vat huu ich nhu vi sinh vat cd dinh dam, Idn, kali lam cho ham lugng tdng len Ddnh gid hdm luang vi sinh. .. qud cda che phdm vi sinh v(7/ huu hifu (EM thi''f cap) xic ly moi tru&ng chdn nuoi gd tai huyin Tam Ddo- tinh VTnh Phuc" dugc thyc hifin tai 10 hd gia dinh tai xa Tam Quan, huyen Tam Dao tinh VTnh... (secondary EM) in environmental remediation chicken breeding at Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc province The results showed that, using probiotics make biological padding for poultry in Vinh Phuc province in 2013