35(4), 403 410 Tap chi CAC KHOA HQC V£ TRAI BAT v/tTNG DUNG PHl/ONG TRINH MAT D A T PHO DUNG (USLE) VA HE THONG TIN DIA LY (GIS) DANH GIA XOI MON TIEM NANG DAT TAY NGUYEN VA DE XUAT GlAl PHAP G I A M[.]
35(4), 403-410 Tap chi CAC KHOA HQC V£ TRAI B A T v/tTNG DUNG PHl/ONG TRINH MAT D A T PHO DUNG (USLE) VA HE THONG TIN DIA LY (GIS) DANH GIA XOI MON TIEM NANG DAT TAY NGUYEN VA DE XUAT GlAl PHAP G I A M THIEU XOI MON NGUYEN MANH HA, NGUYEN VAN DONG, HOANG HUYEN NGQC E-mail: hasoil_ig@yahoo.com.vn Viin Dia ly Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cong nghi Viit Nam Ngiynbanbai: 9-9-2013 LMdd^u Mo binh USLE (Universal soil loss equation) dugc thinh lap bdi Wischmeier W.H vi Smith D.D tit nim 1978 [8] la ragt nhu'ng md binh bign diing di tinh toin lugng dat tdn that trung binh hing nim eung nhu dg bao xdi mdn dil binh quan trfn dat ddc Vifc sir dyng rad binh niy cung cho ph^p dg bao nhijng thay ddi ve xdi radn dat nhiing bien ddi bf Ihdng eanh tic vi de xuat hoic ude doan hifu qui ciia eic bifn phap phdng chong xdi mdn Ngoii ra, dieu thuan lgi la rad hinh USLE dfi cap den cic nhin td anb hudng den xdi mdn (lugng mua, dja hinh, dat, ldp phii thgc vit, tip quin canh lic) mpt each rieng bift mdi hiong quan chit che vdi the hifn phuang trinh mit dat Tiy Nguyen la mpt viing rgng ldn cd tdng difn tich \kp xi 5,5 trifu ba, gdm tinh Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Dik Lik, Dik Ndng vi Lim Dong, trii dii lii 107"'17'30" dfn 108° 59'I4" kinh Ddng, Il°54' den IS^IO' vf Bic Dia binh Tiy Nguyen kha phiic tap, cd sg phin bda manh, dg cao U-ung binh 500 1.500m, dg cao Ih^p nbat lir 100-200m vdi ba cao nguyen rpng ldn (Pleiku, Budn Ma Thuit vi Di Linh) vi hai diy mii cao nhit la Ngge Linh (2.598m), Chu Yang Sin (2.405m) (hinh I) Ddng thdi, lugng mua tnmg binh nim doi dio khoang 2.000mm, nhung tgp trung dia 85 - 90% vao mua mua lit thing VI dfn thing X Vi viy, ning mit dit hing nim xdi mdn Irong d\iu kifn dia hinh d6c, mua ldn, tip trung la rat ldn Hinh Ban dfi hinh the vung T^y Nguyen Nghien ctm xdi radn dit Tiy Nguyen da dugc Nguyin Quang My tien hanh lir nam 1977 Chuong trinh diau tra tdng hop Tay Nguyen bing phuang phap xiy dgng tram, trai, bai - be quan trie; ddng cgc kel hgp khio sat thgc dia; Idng hgp tren bin Ket qui nghien ciiu da phin inh khaeh quan tinh hinh xdi mdn dat Tay Nguyen d timg khu vuc cd dp ddc, chieu dii sudn, ldp phu thuc vit khic [3, 8] Sd Iifu quan trie thuc te chirng minh miic dg xdi mdn manh d Tay Nguyen [3] Tuy nhien, nghien cuu xdi mdn theo cic phuong phip trfn ddi hdi thdi gian quan trie dii, hieu chinh, xic ly sd lifu phiic tap vi gap khd khan kbi the bien Iren ban dd Bfn egnh cac phuang phip thgc nghifm tren, bii bio giii quyet bii loin xdi radn dit Tiy Nguyen tan dung ning phan tich khdng gian ciia cdng nghf GIS tinh toin, md binh hda qui trinh xdi mdn dua tren phuong trinh USLE dang nhu sau: A = R.K L.S.C.P (1) Trong do: A li lugng dit mit tnmg bmh hang nam chuyfn tdi chin sudn (kg/m^.nam); R la hf s6 xdi radn mua (KJ.ram/m^.h.nam); K la hf sd khing xdi cua dit (kg.h/KJ.mm); L la bf sd chifu dii sudn ddc, S la be sd ddc; C la he sd ciy trdng ho|c ldp phii va P la be sd canh tic bio vf dit Tay Nguyen Ii vimg tuang ddi phuc tap vf m^t dia hinh tii niii cao den cac cao nguyen, thung lung, Rd ring, vdi d|c tinh nhu vay, vifc ip dyng USLE cho vimg can d^c biet quan tam tdi bf sd LS - hf sd phin inh inh hudng ciia dia hinh tdi xdi mdn Cic hf sd khac nhu: K, R cung cd nhung die diem mang tinh dja phuang rd net neu so sinh vdi di6u kifn nghifn ciiu cua phuong trinh USLE goc Vi the, de cd the sic dung cdng thuc USLE, nghifn ciiu ip dung cdng thutc cua cac tic gia Viet Nam da cdng bd vdi cac khu vuc cd dieu kifn tuong tg de tinh loan hf sd R Ket qua nghien ciru cd su chat che ve mgt tinh loin, thdng ke chi su phg thugc ddng tbdi ciia xdi mdn vio yeu td mua, ddc, chieu dii sudn, loai vi tinb chit dit thdng qua cac be sd va bien thj trgc quan trfn ban Ban than mdi he sd da dugc cip nhii, linh loan va chuin hda tir chudi sd Iifu lugng mua trung binh nhieu nam d cac tram tugng cua Tay Nguyen, md hinh sd dp cao (DEM) toin vimg, ban dat ebi lift den don vi loai Tit Thiet l|p ca sd dQ' li^u GIS: dd, nhanh chdng ude tinb kbi ehinh xic tiera ning raat dit xdi mdn Ddng Ihdi, mdi trudng GIS cd Vdi cich tiem c^n hf thdng theo titng thdng so nang Iuu trii, xii ly sd lifu phong phii, hudng inh hudng xdi mdn, USLE cd the dupc tinh toin den dg bao xdiradndat tren phara vi rpng bing GIS (hinh 2) Df cd thf tinh toin xdi m6n tren GIS, vifc diu lien la xay dgng ca sd dii Iifu, Fhu-ang phip nghien ciru va cv sd di^ lifu Cic thdng sd cua md hinh (cac bf sd R, LS, K) dugc tinb toin tii cic dii Iifu dau vio (cic ban do) 2.1 Phuang phdp nghien cuu Trong nghien ciiu niy muc tieu dat li tinh loan, Ap dgng phuang trinh mdt dat phd dung USLE: xiy dgng ban db xdi mdn dit tifm ning, vay chung Phuang trinh mat dit long quit hay phuang tdi can phai tinh loan cic hf so: R, LS, K Tur trinh rail dit phd dgng dugc Wischmeier va dga trfn bin hf so R, bin dd hf sd LS, bin Schmid hoan thifn vao nam 1978 vi da dugc ip hf sd K de lap ban xdi mon tifm ning dgng d nhieu noi tren the gidi Phuang trinh cd Tiy Nguyen vi dua cic ket qui kem theo DH liiu ddu vdo '• Ban 36 h^ s6 thdnh ph&n ' Hinh Quy trlnh nghlfin ci>u xAI mdn ddt ti6m ndng vung Tay Nguyfin [6] 2.2 Cff 5& dif lifu De dip img vifc tinh toin xdi mdn theo phuang trinh USLE tren GIS, cic dg lifu dau vio thu thap dugc gdm: - Dii Iifu dja hinh: bin dd dia hinh Tiy Nguyfn ty If 1: 250.000 gdm cic ldp thdng lin chinh nhu: difm d$ cao, dudng ddng miic, mang ludi thuy - Dii lifu chuyen de: bin dd ding tri lugng mua, bin dd thd nhudng ty le 1: 250.000 - Dii lifu phg trg: dja gidi hinh chinh, dudng Ket qua nghieo cuu B i n g Tinh chat m u a d-Tay Nguyen Kon Pleiku Di BuOnMa L?t ThuOt Luvngmira 1,852 Z447 1936 1320 Irung binh Bte LOc ZB78 Sbngiv 132 133 138 165 199 tnjng binh {ngiy) SdngSycd miratr6n 100 mm 0,4 1,7 0,4 0,0 0.0 Nguon [6] Die tinh mua d timg khu vuc cua Tay Nguyen da tao nen su khac bift ve gia trj cua hf sd R dugc the bifn hinh va bdng 3.L Tinh todn hf sd R Mua li yiu td tic dpng trgc tiep len be mifedit pha vd cau tnic dit va hinh ddng chiy mat de van chuyin Idp dit Tic ddng ciia yfu td mua dugc Wischmeier vi Smith djnh Iugng thdng qua hf sd R theo cdng thitc: R= El3(/1000 (2) Trong dd: E la dgng ning ciia mua (J/m ), li tugng mua ldn nhit vdng 30 phiil (mm/h), R li hf s6 xdi mdn doraua(KJ/m^.mm/h) Dpng ning cua mua E lai dugc xac djnh theo cudng dd mua va lugng mua edng thirc cua Schwerlmann: Ei = (ll,89+8,73.1ogIi)Ni Vdi Ei li dpng nang mua cua tran tbii i, Ii la cudng dd mua ciia tran tbu i, Ni la lugng mua ciia trin thii i Tuy nhien, d nudc ta, vifc thdng ke Ei cdn khd khin vi nbif u ban chi Vi vay, phuang trinh tinh R phy thufc vio Ei hau nhu khdng dugc ap dgng Thay vio dd, theo nhieu nhi khoa hpc, hf sd R cd ih^ dugc ude linh tbeo Iugng mua trung binh nam hoic thing Nghien cuu niy sii dgng cong thiic linh R ciia Nguyen Trgng Hi (1996) [2] nhu sau: Hinh Bin dfi hfi s6 R vung Tay Nguyen Bang Ket quk xac djnh h$ so R 300-500 1.Z57.B40 23,04 500-700 194 674 40,20 (3) 700 -1 200 1.827 716 33,48 Vdi P li lugng raua tnmg binh nim (mm/nim) >1200 R = 0,548257P-59,9 Tiy Nguyen cd linh chat mua miia, vdi lugng mua Irung binh nim khoang 2.000mm Tuy nhifn, lugng mua phin bd khdng dong diu tbeo khdng gian Vdi lugng mua trung blnb nim dugc thdng kf chorirngkhu vgc d Tiy Nguyen nhu bdng Ting 179 283 3,28 5.459.513 100.00 CJ bdng 2, hf sd xdi mdn mua (R) cua Tiy Nguyfn dugc chia thinh cap va chii yfu dao dpng khoing 300 - 1.200 (chifm 96,72% DTTN), gia trj R tren 1.200 chi ehiem 3,28% DTTN Mgt sd khu vuc cd lugng mua khdng ldn thim ehi ed thing khdng mua nen hf sd R thap 300 - 700 diln hiab nhu tinh Lam Ddng va Dak Ndng, chifm 63,24% DTTN Cip 700 - 1.200 xuit hifn chii yeu d phia lay bic ciia Tay Nguyen Khu vuc hf sd R eao nhit li Kon PIdng, Chu Se, gay su phan di Idn viing Bang Phan d p he sd K 6" Tay Nguyen H#S6K Dign Itch (ha) 1.053-943,3 2-673.425.1 366-252,5 d la bf so xdi mdn dit mua (R), hf so xdi mdn ctia dit Ip- \ CBtUli • Hinh Bdnddh$s6LS Phan cip xdi mdn duge dga tren Idc dg hinh dit la can cir de phan ngudng an loan, la ngudng cho phep ddi vdi lugng dat cd the bj mat hing nim Theo k6l qui nghifn ciiu ciia Hudson (1982), vdi di^u hau nhift ddi (Irong dd cd Vift Nam) t6c dp hinh thinh dat khoing 20 - 25 tan/ba/nam Day la ngudng xdi radn cbo phep mi khdng lam suy giim chat lugng dg phi ciia dat; ein cit vao ngudng xdi mdn cho phep nay, cic nhi nghien ciiu da xiy dgng thang cip xdi mdn Tuy theo dieu kien cg the ciiarirngvimg mi xic dinh sd lugng cac cip xdi mdn ciing nhu khoing cich cac cap Xdi mdn tiem ning la qui trinh xdi mdn gia djnb ring d khu vgc nghien ciiu khdng cd Idp thim phii vi cic bifn phap phdng chdng xdi mdn Sd cap vi khoing each giira cac cip xdi mdn tiem ning dupe phin chia dga ning phdng chdng xdi mdn ciia cic kilu ldp phit khac Thdng qua vifc phan cip niy, cd thf thift ke hojc xac djnh kiiu loai thim thyc vit cg the vi dg phii ein Ihiet cho cac khu vgc cd ning bj xdi mdn cao df lim lugng dit bj xdi mdn thgc te nhd hon hoic xap xi lugng dat dugc hinh thinh, tri dugc phi cua dil Xdi mdn tifm nang vung Tiy Nguyen dugc chia thinh cip Phan cip xdi mdn vi thdng ke kbi nang mat dat d cic cip xdi mdn kbic the hifn d bdng Bin dd xdi mdn tiem nang viing Tay Nguyen cho thiy xdi mdn tiem nang cd quan hf mat thiSt vdi yiu td dja hir^ cua khu vgc vdi diu ill cda he sd LS (hinh 6) Anb hudng tuang ddi ciia yf 11 td dit din xdi mdn d Tay Nguyen khfing ding kf Kft qui tinh toin P tii phuang trinh (7) cho thiy: Bang P h i n ciip xoi mdn tiem nang vung Tay Nguyen LiH^ng r.b\ mon (lin/ha/nam) [1.1] II: Tiung binh III M^nh IV Rat m^nh V: Nguy hifim 100-500 500 - 000 000 - 500 > 1-500 ]^'3:V F::" \ DakUk iilniDiSng Hinh Ban ab xoi monfeemnang Tay Nguyen Nhihig khu vgc cd dja hinh Urang ddi bing phang hoac thap triing ket hpp vdi lugng mua rai rac miia raua tao phin Idn dien tich cd ti6m nang xdi mdn d cip yeu tit den 100 tin/ha/nam, chiem 79,10% DTTN ciia Tay Nguyen nhu: vimg triing giua mil Kon Tum, Sa Thiy, trung Cheo Reo Phii Tiic, ddng bing Ayun Pa, Krdng Pa, cao nguyen Budn Ma Thu^t, triing Krdng Pik - Lik, Cap xdi mdn trung binh (II) cd 904.906,2 ha, lugng dat xdi mdn Ifn tdi gin 180 tin/ha/nim Dja hinh ddi mii sdt kft hgp vdi ning khing xdi 408 14,2 179,2 707,9 1207.2 713,4 4.318.649,2 904 906,2 152 026.6 39.S39.g 44.391,0 459 513.0 79,10 16,57 2,78 0.72 0.61 100,00 mdn thip cua Idp phii thd nhudng tao phan ldn dien tich dit cd tifm nang xdi mdn trung binh chiera khoing 16,57% DTTN toan viing, phin bd tren dia hinh ddi, mii thip hay ria cic cao nguyen Xdi mdn manh cip III chilm 2,78% DTTN ctia viing phan bd tren dinh ddi, dinh nui thip, trfn niii cao tnmg binh d tinh Kon Tum, huyfn Di Linh tinh Lam Ddng vdi lugng dit bi xdi mdn trung bmh tren 700 tin/ha/nam Cap xdi mdn rit m^nh vi nguy hifm ed 83.930,9 ha, dd xdi mdn rat manh d vimg mii cao tinh Kon Tum Xdi mdn tifm nang dac bift nghiem trgng d viing nui cao ctia Kon Tum vi phia ddng bic cao nguyen Kon Plong d cap nguy hiem vdi 44.391,0 chiem 0,81% DTTN dieu kifn dja hinh ddc, mua Idn, tap trung Kft qui nghien cuu cho thiy hiu hit cic khu vgc d phia bae va pbia nam ciia Tay Nguyen dfu ebju inh hudng manh cita yfu id xdi mdn dja hinh hoic xdi mdn mua Die bift, khu vgc cd tiem ning xdi mdn manh trd len chiu inh hudng ddng thdi cua hai yeu td niy Difu cho thiy, sg inh hudng ciia hai hgp phin chf dg mua vi dja hinh dfn xdi radn la rat ldn, cd y nghia quyet djnh den xdi mdn neu chua tinh tdi hgp phin ldp phii thgc vat, Dong thdi cung khing djnh ring cin chu trpng nhQng vimg niy tron§ cdng tic qui ho^h sii dgng dat vimg mifn mii nhim giam thifu nguy co xdi mdn D^ xuit giii phap giam thieu xoi mdn dit d Tay Nguyen Trfn quy mo Idn, mudn ch6ng xdi mdn phii tr^ng cic dai rirng phdng hd Vifc giu vi tr^ng thfm rirng phii dugc thift ki cho phit huy het tie dgng chin gid, giir nudc, dieu tiit hau, gift dit ciia rung Ddi vdi nhihig khu vgc quy md nhd hon, ngoii rimg, canh tic cin su dung kit hgp nhifu bifn phip chdng xdi mdn dl dat hifu qua cao [3] Vifc trdng rirng va phit Iriln Iim nghifp d viing nui cao vi ip dyng ndng Iim kit hgp d viing niii thip de chdng xdi mdn, thoii boa dat ddng thdi dam bao can bang vit chat Vimg cd nang sin xuit ndng nghiep nen phil trien cay luong thgc, hoa miu d dd ddc nhd hon 3°, cdn lai uu tien trdng ciy cdng nghifp dii ngiy li the manh cua Tay Nguyen va che phii tdt nhu cao su, ci phe, hd lieu, Ciy an qua dac sin: siu rifng, xoii, mit nghe, ba sip, Mgt co cau td chiic viing hgp ly se giii quyft tic dgng cua qui trinh xdi mdn cung nhu giim thieu tai bien thien nhifn nhu: lii quel, sat Id, trugt Id dat Vimg cd tifm nang xdi mdn dat yeu nhd hon 100 tan/ha/nam cung li vimg thich hgp cho sin xuat ndng nghifp nhung can cii t^o dit thudng xuyfn nham ngan ngira, ban che thoii bda dat xdi mdn, nia trdi theo chieu sau Cic md hinh ndng lim kit hgp cd thf ip dgng nhu: VAC (vudn - ao chudng), RVAC (rimg - vudn - ao - chudng), SALT-1 (ky thuit canb tic tren dil ddc), SALT-4 (hf thdng ndng - lim - ciy an qui), md hinh vudn cay rimg, vudn - ciy cdng nghifp, vudn - ciy in qua Vung cd tiim ning xdi mdn dit trung binh tit 100 - 500 tin/ha/nim, canh tic ndng nghifp cin sut dyng ky thugt canh tic tren dil ddc, bio vf dil, chong xdi mdn nghiem ngit va ip dyng md hinh ndng lim ket hgp nhu: md hinh rirng - nuong vudn - rudng, rirng - nuong - vudn, RVAC, SALT2 (hf thong nong - Iam - ddng cd), SALT-3 (canb lie ndng - lim kit hpp ben vihig) Viing cd tiim ning xdi mdn dat manh tir 500 1.000 t^i/ha/ nim, canh lic nong nghifp ban chi, ini tien khoanh nudi hoac trdng mdi rimg vdi mpt s6 gidng ciy bin dja ciia Tay Nguyen nhu: bdi ldi A6, gidi xanh, den, diu rii, tfch, thdng li, Lga chgn ciy gS cd ngudng thich nghi sinh thai rfing, sinh trudng nhanh va cd gii trj kinh le cho rihig sin xuit nhu: mudng den, keo li trim, keo tai hrgng, xoan, vi phit triln ciy dugc lifu die hiiu d viing niii Ngge Linh (Kon Tum); Di Linh, Di Lat (Urn Dfing) Dfing thdi, cd thi trfing xen cac loai ciy ngin ngiy cic thdi ky sinh trudng khac cua riing dl gia ling hifu qua kinh If, tan dvmg difn ticb dit trfing vi ting dd che phu dit mtia mua Vimg cd tiem ning xdi mdn rat manh (I.OOO 1.500 tin/ha/nam) va nguy hifm (tren 1.500 tin/ha/nim) cin dugc quan tim die bift xay dyng cac phuang an quy ho^ch sii dung dit, nhim giim thieu nguy co xdi mdn Cac vimg chi nfn bio tdn rimg, khoanh nudi, ting cudng che phu cua rimg Ket luan ung dyng md hinh hda xdi radn (USLE) va hf thdng tin dja ly (GIS) cho thiy linh toan xdi mdn dat tifm nang cd nhieu thuin Igi so vdi phuang phip truyen thdng Ban xdi mdn dat tiem nang viing Tay Nguyen li kel qui cua sg tic dgng qua lai ciia cac yeu td tu nhifn thdng qua cac chi sd xdi mdn (R, K, LS) Lugng mua khdng ddng deu, die tinh rieng cua Kmg loai dat, va su chi phdi ciia yeu td dia hinh da tao nen sg khac bift ve muc dp mit dit xdi mdn d cac khu vgc kbic Xdi mdn d Tay Nguyen chju sg cbi phoi chii yeu cua ddc chieu dii sudn va lugng mua kbi yeu Id thd nhudng khong inh hudng manh den sg rait dit Ket qua nghifn eim eho thiy xdi radn tiem ning Tay Nguyfn cd thf dugc chia thinh cap Tifm nSng xdi mdn cap I (0-100 tin/ha/nim) chiem ty If ldn nhit 79,10% DTTN loin viuig, tiem ning xdi radn cip II (100-500 tan/ha/nim) chifm khoing 16,57% DTTN, tiim ning xdi mdn manh den nguy hilm (cip 1I1,IV,V) chi chiera 4,31% DTTN Han che xdi radn dat Tiy Nguyen chinh la lam giim inh hudng cua yeu td mua va dja hinh tdi qui trinh xdi mdn dit thdng qua vifc ting cudng vai trd ciia ldp phCi thgc vat vi phuang thirc canh tic Lya chpn cic mo binh canh tic phii bgp vdi difu kifn thyc If ciia vimg Vifc sii dung GIS df tinh toan, cac sai sd ed the linh loin diu cd thi dugc loai trir phin Idn (ngoai trii sai sd nhap dii lifu) Liic nay, dg chinh xac cua md binh cbi cdn phg thugc vio vifc xac djnh cac Iham sfi Cin Iiep tgc nhirng nghifn eiiu mang tuih thyc nghifm de chuin bda cic hf s6 phil hgp vdi diiu kifn dja phuong phuang Uinh USLE TAILI$UDAN [l]Nguyin Mgnh Hd, 2012: Nghien cuu thoii hda dit Iuu vgc sdng Chiy nhim kbai thac hgp ly tii nguyfn vi moi trudng dit Luin an Tien sT Dja Iy, Vifn Dia ly, Ha Npi, 146 trang [2]Nguyen Trgng Hd, 1996: Xic djnb cic yfu to gay xdi mdn va nang du bio xdi mdn tren dit ddc, Luan an PTS KH-KT, trudng Dai hgc Thuy Igi, Hi Ndi, 140 trang hifn trang ldp phu thgc v|t va inh hudng ciia nd tdi qui trinh xdi mdn luu vgc sdng Tri Khiic bing phuang phap viln tham va he thdng tin dia ly Lugn in Tiln sT Dja 1^, Dai hpc Khoa hgc Ty nbien, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Nfii, 159 trang [3]Nguyin Quang My, 2005: Xdi mdn dit hifn dai vi cic bien phip chdng xdi mdn NXB Dai hgc Qudc Gia Hi Ndi, 266 trang [6] Nguyin Khanh Vdn, 2000: Bilu dfi sinh hau Viet Nam Nha xuit ban Dai hpc Qufic gia Ha Nfii, 126 trang [4]Nguyen Vdn Nhung (chu bifn), 1997: Ban dd xdi mdn dit tiira nang Viet Nara (phan dil lien ty If 1:1.000.000) Bio cio khoa hpc Vien Dja ly, Trung tam Khoa bpc Tu nhien vi Cdng nghf Qudc gia, Hi Ngi, 40 trang [7]mschmeier, W.H 1978: Use andMisureof the Universal soil loss Equation, J Soil and Wat.Conserv.3I, 5-9 (5] VU Anh Tuan 2004: Nghien ciiu bien dpng [8]mschmeier W.H and Smith D.D 1978: Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses, USDA Agr Res.Serv Handbook 537 Application of USLE and GIS tool to predict soil erosion potential and proposal land cover solutions to reduce soil loss in Tay Nguyen Soil erosion Is the main reason of the soil degradation in the mountain and plateau areas in Vielnam Soil in Tay Nguyen are losing pnsductivity because erosion This research was used ttie Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was establislied by Wischmeier W.M and Smith D.D together with Geograptiicai Infonnation System (GiS) tool and soil profile in the fields to establish soil erosion potential map and assess soil loss level in each part of Tay Nguyen The soil erosion level I was occupied 79,10% of the total area, the soil erosion level II was hold 16,57% of the total area; the soil erosion level III was occupied 2,78% of the total area; and each or the level IVandV weren't over 1% of the total area In Tay Nguyen can be applied many methods for protecting soil avoid erosion That are using land cover (including vegetation and cultivate method) as forest reproduction with native plants : using agro-forestry models in the slope land: planting the suitable vegetation or crop; and ensunng that slope land has dense vegetation cover during the rain reason ... binh d tinh Kon Tum, huyfn Di Linh tinh Lam Ddng vdi lugng dit bi xdi mdn trung bmh tren 700 tin/ ha/nam Cap xdi mdn rit m^nh vi nguy hifm ed 83.930,9 ha, dd xdi mdn rat manh d vimg mii cao tinh... mdn Cac vimg chi nfn bio tdn rimg, khoanh nudi, ting cudng che phu cua rimg Ket luan ung dyng md hinh hda xdi radn (USLE) va hf thdng tin dja ly (GIS) cho thiy linh toan xdi mdn dat tifm nang... kinh If, tan dvmg difn ticb dit trfing vi ting dd che phu dit mtia mua Vimg cd tiem ning xdi mdn rat manh (I.OOO 1.500 tin/ ha/nam) va nguy hifm (tren 1.500 tin/ ha/nim) cin dugc quan tim die bift