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Ldm sinh iuQT SO KET QUA DIEU TRA VE THANH PHAN LOAI HOA THAO iTNG DVNG TRONG KIEN TRUC CANH QUAN TAI THANH PHO D A L ^ T Nguyen Thi Yen\ Ph^m Anh T u a n \ Chu Manh Hung^ ''''TS Truang Bgi hpc Ldm nghid[.]
Ldm sinh iuQT SO KET QUA DIEU TRA VE THANH PHAN LOAI HOA THAO iTNG DVNG TRONG KIEN TRUC CANH QUAN TAI THANH PHO D A L ^ T Nguyen Thi Y e n \ Ph^m Anh T u a n \ Chu Manh Hung^ 'TS Truang Bgi hpc Ldm nghidp ^ThS Trudng Dgi hpc Ldm TOM nghiep T A T Df x9y d\mg danh myc cSc lo&i hoa thao dang dugc iing dung Ki^n trijc canh quan t^i thinh ph6 Bk Lai, nhom nghifn ciiu d5 tifn hinh difu tra vk phong vdn tai 10 diem du ljch noi tieng, mang nhung net dgc tnmg kh^c ve cinh quan tgi phd K8t qua dilu tra cho thay, tgi th^nh Dii Lgt hoa thao rat da dang v^ phong phd v^ phan lotii, vl dang song, nguon goc v^ hinh thtic iing dyng Theo ket qua dieu tra, phan loai nhdm tdc gia da xic djnh dugc 74 \ok\ hoa thao, thugc 52 hg, 34 bg; dd cd hg dugc sii dung biln hon ca: Asteraceae (10 lo^), Araceae (5 loM) v^ Lamiaceae (3 lo^) BSn canh dd, kit qua nghifn ciru chi ding hoa thdo Qk Lat cd s\i da dang ve nguon gdc v^ hau hit cic loii nghiSn ciiu hien dang dugc iing dung, gSy phd bien a Vift Nam Tir khda: C&y xanh npi that, Dd Lpt, hoa thdo, kiin true cdnh quan I DAT VAN DE Hoa thdo Id mgt nhirng v^l lieu chfnh ling dyng trang trf canh quan ngi ngoai that Bdn c^nh nhiing ve dep vd hinh thdi cdy, mdu sdc ciia hoa, ciia Id, nhilu loai hoa thdo cdn cd nhiing y nghia van hda sdu sdc Vi?c ling dyng hoa thdo trang trf cdnh quan khdng chi tao nhiing canh quan dep hdp ddn vd thu hiit khdch tham quan du lich ma gdp phan phdn anh su vdn minh ve ddi song v|it chdt vd tinh thdn ciia mdt xa hdi phdt tridn Thdnh phd Dd Lat Id noi c6 khf hau ldnh, quanh nam mdt me vd tung dugc mgnh danh la thdnh phd cua ngan hoa Nhd co nhung thudn lgi vg h^u, thd nhuong nen Da Lat cung la mgi trung tdm san xudt vd kinh doanh cdc lodi hoa thdo cd quy md ldn nhdt nudc ta Ddng thai, day ciing Id noi hpi ly ciia hdu hdt cdc gidng hoa thdo trdn cd nudc vd cdn c6 nhieu gidng hoa thao quy dugc nhap khdu tir nudc ngodi Tuy nhign, hi?n chua cd tdi lieu nao nghien ciiu ddy dii va cd tfnh he thong ve 50 cdc lodi hoa thdo cd the iing dyng Kidn triic canh quan ndi chung vd cdc Ioai hoa thdo tai phd Da Lat ndi ridng Didu ndy gdy kho khan cho nhiing ngudi yeu thfch vd quan tdm ddn gia lr| iing dyng cua cdc lodi hoa thdo thidt kd cac cdng trinh cdnh quan Chinh vi thg, xdy dung danh myc cac lodi hoa thao iing dung Kign triic cdnh quan tai ihanh phd Da Lat, cung nhu nguon gdc va dac didm phan bd, hinh thiic iing dyng ciia chiing Id rdt can thidt n NOI DUNG, PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Doi tirgtig nghien cihi Cdc lodi hoa thdo iing dyng Kien true cdnh quan tai thdnh phd Da Lat 2.2 Gidl ban nghiSn ciiu - 10 dia diem phdn bd deu tren ban dd du Hch thdnh Dd Lgt - Cdc lodi hoa thdo iing dyng phd bien Kidn triic canh quan tai thdnh Da Lat (cdc lodi dugc gap 8/10 dia digm didu tra) 2.3 Ngi dung nghien ciru TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 Ldm sinh ~ Xdc dinh thdnh phdn lodi cay hoa thao noi trdng nhidu lodi hoa thdo ciia thdnh phd, ling dyng phd bien kidn triic cdnh de xdc dinh phdn lodi hoa thdo dugc quan tai thdnh phd Dd I9I; ling dung bidn Kidn true canh - Xay dung danh myc cdc loai hoa thao quan tai thdnh phd Da Lat: Yuan hoa Thanh ling dyng phd bidn Kign triic cdnh phd, Vudn hoa Minh Tam, Thung liing quan tgi thdnh phd Dd Lat Vdng, Thung lung Tinh yeu, Ddi Mgng Mo, Thidn vien Tnic lam, Khu du ljch "Hoa tuoi 2.4 Phvong phap nghien ciru mai mdi", Hd Xuan Huong, Dgi hgc Dd Lat, 2.4.1 Phuomg phdp ngoai nghiip Dinh Bao Dai - Phuang phdp diiu tra, xdc dinh ten lodi vd mo td ddc diim hinh thdi cho timg lodi + Phuong phap dieu tra: Su dyng bdn quy hoach, thidt kg phdn khu chiic ndng cua + Dia didm didu tra: Qua qua trinh khdo sat vd tim hieu thdng tin tren dai ban nghign Cliu, nhdm tac gid da xac dinh dugc 10 dia didm du lich ndi tidng, cd nhiing net dac trung vg khdng gian Kien true cdnh quan Id tirng dia diem da chon dd tien hdnh didu tra theo tirng phan khu chiic ndng Md td, ghi chdp, chyp anh, lay mdu tieu ban tdt ca cac lodi bat gap tai khu vuc dieu tra Kgt qua didu tra dugc tdng hgp theo mdu bidu 01: MSU bieu 01 Bdng diiu tra thdnh phdn lodi hoa thdo tai thdnh Bd Lpt Ngay didu tra Ngudi didu tra Dia digm dieu tra TSn cSy stt Ten T6n kh^c thong T6nh9 Ten T6n Ten Nguon khoa Viet khoa g6c hgc Nam hoc + D§c diem hinh thai than, hoa, Id dugc thuc hien bdng phuang phdp quan sdt thuc Id + Chigu cao cdy dugc bang thudc ddy, tinh tir gdc ddn dinh sinh trudfng, cd chinh xac den cm + Hinh thiic iing dyng dugc thuc hien bdng phuang phdp quan sdt thuc td tgi khu vuc nghien ciiu - Phirang phdp chuyen gia D^c Die Bjc diem di^m diem hinh thai hinh thii hinh ia hoa than thai Thiri Hinh Chilu hoa cSy thuc ling dung khdc), phdn loai, nguon g6c vd hinh thiic ling dyng 2.4.2 Phuong phdp n^i nghipp + Xdc dinh ten lodi (ten phd thdng, ten khac, ten khoa hgc), ten hg, tdn bg cho moi loai cay didu tra dugc theo 'Tir didn th\rc vat thdng dyng" cua Vd Van Chi (2004) + Thu thap vd kd thira cdc dd ldi nghien + Phdng van, xin J kidn chuyen gia, Cliu trudc cd lien quan de xdc djnh ngudn cdng nhan try'c tidp trdng vd cham sdc cay gdc, phan bd lai Vi$t Nam, hinh thiic iing de xdc dinh ten lodi (tdn phd thdng, tdn dung vd tdn khac cho cac lodi didu tra dugc T4J» CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP S 4-2014 51 Ldm sinh + DG li$u didu tra thu thap vg phdn cdc lodi hoa thao dugc tdng hop, thdng ke vd phan loai thdng qua sii dyng phan mdm Microsoft Excel ffl KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ, THAO LUAN 3.1 Thanh phan loai cay hoa thao irng dung hien Kien true canh quan Ket qua dieu tra cho thiy, hoa thdo iing dyng Kiln true cdnh quan t&i thdnh phd Dd l?it rat da dang vd thdnh phdn lodi: - Theo dac diem dang sdng: Cdc lodi dilu tra dugc chia nhdm: nhdm cdy thdn thao (55 lodi, chilm 74%), nhdm cdy byi than go (8 loai, chiem 12%) va nhdm cay ddy leo ( lodi, chilm 14%) tai Da Lat • Nhdm cSythanthao aNhom caybyi •Nhwn cSydfiyleo Hinh Cff cau lodi phdn tkeo ddc diim dpng sdng - Theo d§c tfnh sinh trudng, phdi tridn: Cac lodi thdn thdo dilu tra dugc chia thdnh nhdm: nhdm cay hdng nam (21 lodi chidm 39%) vd nhdm cdy nhilu nam (37 lodi chilm 61%) cay than thao nam - Ngoai ra, theo dgc diem iing dyng cd the chia cdc loai nghidn ciiu thdnh: nhdm cdy c6 hoa ldm canh, nhdm cdy cd Id ldm cdnh, nhdm cay co ddng lam cdnh hoge ddng thdi kdt hgp nhilu ddc dilm n cay than thao nhiiu nSm Hinh Cff cau lodi phdn theo dpc tinh sinh trudng 52 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 4-2014 Ldm sinh 3.2 Xay dixng danh miic cac loai hoa thao ling dung Itiln true canh quan t%i Da lat Vd phan logi: Tra cuu theo "Tir dien thuc vat thdng dyng" ciia Vd Van Chi (2004), cdc lodi hoa thdo iing dung phd bidn Kien tnic cdnh quan lai phd Dd Lgt gdm 74 loai, thugc 74 chi, 52 hg, 34 bp Trong phd bidn nhdt Id Hg Ciic - Asteraceae (10 lodi), hg Rdy - Araceae (5 lodi), hg Hoa mdi - Lamiaceae (3 lodi), cac hg cdn lai chi bdt gap 1-2 loai V^ ngudn goc: Cdc loai hoa thdo Dd lgt c6 ngudn gdc, xuat xii tir nhidu noi tren thg gidi dd tgp trung nhdt la cac lodi cd ngudn gdc tir Mehicd (15 lodi) Ve ling dung: Kdt qua dieu tra, khdo sat vd hinh thiic iing dyng ciia cdc loai hoa thao Kidn tnic cdnh quan tgi thdnh phd Dd lat cho thdy, hdu hdt cac lodi dugc ling dung dudi nhieu hinh thiic khdc nhau: trdng chau, trdng bdn, trdng gid treo trang trf ndi that; trdng dudi dang thdm, ddi, mdng, ddm, trdng vidn, hodc trdng dudi dgng gidn leo, bdm ludng trang trf san vudn, canh quan Kdt qua dilu ira vl thdnh phdn loai, phan logi, ngudn gdc va hinh thiic iing dyng cua cac lodi hoa thdo iing dung phd bien Kien triic cdnh quan tgi thdnh phd Da Lat dugc tdng hgp bdng sau ddy: T;^P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 Bang Dank mpc cdc loai hoa tkdo img dung phd biin Ein true cdnh quan Amh Bd Lgt T O I loai STT Ten phS thoDg Ten kbac TOI Ten khoa h?c Ten Viet Nam ho Ten kfaoa boc Ten bo T n Viet Ten khoa hoc Nguon gSc Phan bot^ \'iet NamO dang A - NHOM CAY THAN THAO Al - CAY THAN THAO HANG NAM Bong mrdc Bong mong tay, Phtr^ig tidn hoa Nac ne, M6c tai Impatlans balsamma L Bong nu"cfc Balsaminaceae Bong niroc Balsaminales Andd R (2) Long dean Gentiaiiaceae Long ddm Gentianales BScm;f D CD Cattu^g Lan tirdng Eusloma russelllamm Salisb CSm chirong Hoa phang, Cam chuong man, cam nhung Dlanthtis caryophvllus L dm chucmg Caryophyllaceae Cim ehirdng Caiyophyllal^ Bac dia trung hii R (2) (3) Cosmos blpinnatus Cay Cue Asteraceae Cue Asterales IS^hico R (2) MehieS R (2) R (2) (3) R (1) C2) K (1) (2) C2), (3) Cue chuoQ Cue nhai, Qie canh chudn biTiim, Gfy c6t m6t Cue la Oic dinha, Hoa canh giay, Du>'en ciic Ztnnta elegans Jacq Cue Asteraceae Oic Asterales Cucxuxi Ciic kim tien Calendula officinalis L Cue Asteraceae Cue Asterales Dua can thai Tnic dao Apocynaceae Long ddm Gentianales Da yen ibko Cachua Solanaceae Cachua Solanales NamN^ Hai ding Dinmg giac, Catharanlhus roseus Bong dira, Trudng xuan (L.) G.Don hoa Da yen thao, Loa ken Petunia hybrich Hort ngan, NOiu don lay Ddng tien Ciic dong tien G0-beraJamesomi Bolus ex Hook.f 10 Honganh Anh tuc canh, CoUco Papaver rhoeasL Dia tnmg hai Mien Dong Chau Phi Cue Asteraceae Cue Asterales Nam Phi R Thuoc phien Papaveraceae Thude pbt^ P^averales Bac My D S HN (31 (2) 11 Hdngri 12 Htfdsg dtrong 13 Mai dia thio Man dinh bong 14 15 16 17 IS 19 Mit nai \Emsdi Phung diep, Man man cinh, Cliieuquan Cleome speciosa Rafis Man man Cqifraraceae Man man C^paral^ Mi^cd R Hoa quy, boa mat trdi Helianthus annuus L Cue Asteraceae Cue Asterales Mebico R (2) Mai da thdo lfrq>aiiens vfolleriana Hook-F Bdng nirdc Balsaminaceae Bdngnu'(^ Balsaminales ChauPbi D, S CD C2) Althaea rosea (L.) Cav Bdng Mal\'aceae Bdng Malvales Trung 38 Ltfdi hd Hd vi, Dudi hd 39 LyPeru Lyli 40 Maoga N^ng gi, Hoa mao ga, Mao ga dudi nheo, iSiao gadai Celosia argenlea L 41 Mdndiien nga Vl hoathon Anlhurhm scherzerianum Sehott N'E-^- Sanseviera trifasciata Prain R^ Araceae Bdng bdng Dracaenaceae Ray Arales Nuven Grenada R (D Asparagales Tay phi R CD Nam^^ R Caryophyllales Khdng xacdjiih R CD Arales Costa Rica R CD C2) (3) Alstroemeriaceae AlstroemeriaL Rau den Ray AmaiaDthaceae Araceae Cam chudng Riy C2) (3) C2) 42 rdng phuang PlatycoTum kottumii Joneh Et Hennipman Rang Polypodiaceae Rai^ Polypodiales Nhiet ddi chiu A D C5) 43 Phong lii thao Thien uuc quy Pelargonium hortonmt Bailey Mo hgc Geraniaceae M i bae Geraniales Nam chiu Pbi HN,D, S CD 44 Sen can Han hi tiiio H i diep liSn Tropasolum m^us L Sen can Tropaeolac«ae Sen ran Tropaeolales ChiuM? R Cl), C2) 45 Son mdi Kim ngu AesclKtKotthiis radicans Jack Tai voi Gesneriaceae Hoa mdi Laimales Chau A nhiet ddi R CD Kalanchoepinnata (Lam.) Pers Thudc twng Crassulaceae Thudng son Saxifragales Madagasc a R CD C2) Sung Nymphae^eae Sling Nymphaeales And6 R CD Hoa mdi Lamiaceae Hoa mdi Lamiales Indonesia R (2) R (2), (3) 46 Sdng Ddi 47 Sling 48 Tiatd canh 49 Thtfoc dtfoc Sdng ddi do, D i ^ sinh can, Thude bdng, tnrdng sinh Hoa Sling dd, Bdng sung Tia td tiy, d n canh Cue daily Nymphaea rubra Roxb Ex Salisb Plectranthas scutellanoides (L.) R Br Dahlia pimiaia Cav Cue Asteraceae Cue Asterales N^hicd C2) C2) f2) Itau hii Saijag trudng xuin, Ihu hit duong bdn miia Begonia seit^f&florens Link etOno Thu hii ducng Begoniaceae Blubi Begoniales Braxin R CD 51 Tbailii tia Hdi^ trai, Trai Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hum Thai lai Commelinaceae Thai lii Commelinales Mehicd R (D, 52 Thanh anh Agapang, Thanh anb, Araban, Lily chiu Phi Agapanthm t^icanus L Hanh Alltaceae Thliy tien Amaryllidales Nam Phi D, S (D 53 Tiilip UII kim cuong (Uit kim huong) Tulipa gesnariana L Loa ken Liliaceae Hinh Liliales Ha Lan D 54 Vayde Luan thao Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne Tu\i Lythraceae Myrtaies Andd R (6) Xli cau Hydrangeales Nhltbin R (2) 50 Thu hai dudng C2) (2) (2) (2), C3) B - N H O M CAY BUI Cam tii cau (Bat lien) Camtu mai Ih