KHOA HOC - CONG N G H E MOT SO KET OOA NGHIEN Cl)U CAI TIEN MAY CAY LUA TIT HANH KIEU TRAI DAY Tlirz KHOANG CACH KHOM CAY SANG KHOANG CACH KHOM Nguyen Due Bdn ', Nguyen Xudn Thiet' TOM TAT Bdi bdo frinh bay kit qud nghien ciru dnh hirdng cua cdc thong so hinh hoc cua cdc khdu frong ca cdu cdy dnh hirang cita cdc thdng so dgng hoc cda may cdy nhu van loc lien va loc quay lay cdy tai chdt hrgng cdy; nghien ciru cdi tien mdy cay fir che khodng cdch khom sang che khodng cdch khom phit hgp vai yeu cdu nong hgc canh tdc liia a Viet Nam hien Tu kitda: mdy cdy, mdy cdy lua may ndng nghiep ca gidi hoa nong nghiep SOME RESEARCH RESULTS OF INNOVATIVE S E L F - P R O P E L L E D RICE TRANSPLANTER FROM TO DISTANCE MODES Nguyen Dire Ban ', Nguyen Xuan Thiet' SUMMARY This article presents research results about the influence of the geometrical parameters of mechanisms of planter-hand, the influence of the kinetic parameters of the self propelled nee transplanter as the moving velocity of machine and rotation speed of planter-hand to qualityof transplants; innovative research transplanters from to distance mode consistent with agronomic requirements office cultivation in Vietnam today Keywords: transplanter, rice transplanter, self propelled rice transplanter,agricultural machinery, agricultural mechanization I DAT VAN DE Trong nhO-ng nam gdn day, co gidi hda ndng nghiep dupe Dang va Nha nude ta dac biet quan tam Viec dira may cdy vao san xuat da va dang thirc hien tren nhieu tinh phd ca nude vdi nhieu chiing lo^i va mau ma da dang, tat ca cac loai may cay lua hien deu hoat ddng theo nguyen ly trai day Cac mlu may chii y6u duoc nhap khau tir nirdc ngoai nhu Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban Do sir thay ddi ve dieu kien hau, di^u kien canh tac ap dung may nhap khau cimg voi sir thay ddi manh me ve gidng liia nhieu nam trd iai day da dat yeu cau cai tien cac mdu may hien cd va cac mau may nhap khau Trong cac nghien ciJu tnrdc day da giai quyet diroc nhieu npi dung quan trpng nhu thu hep khoang each hang, cai tien bp cdn truot giam qua tai tay cay, tinh toan banh xe chii dpng, md phdng quy dao cua tay cay \a dieu chinh so lupng cay ma tren khdm Trong qua trinh phat trien cita nen ndng nghiep nude ta cd nhieu loai gidng lua mdi duac dua vao san xudt cac gidng lua co nhieu mat dp cay khac ' KS Civ TNHH may nong nghiep va khuyen nong HN •TS Trudng Dai hpc nong nghi?p Ha Npi tiiy thudc vao hau va dieu kien thd nhirang ctia tirng viing Nhung may cay c6 khoang each hang phii hgp nhung it che dp khoang each khdm, chua dap irng yen cau dd Chinh vi vay can nghien ciru, phan tich danh gia che dp lam viec ctia may de cd nhieu che dp cay Kel qua cita nghien ciju la ca sd de thiet ke, che tao, cai tren loai may cay lua tir hanh kieu trai day tir che dp khoang each khdm sang che dp khoang each khdm phii hop vdi yeu cau ndng hpc canh tac liia d Viet Nam II VATUEUVAPHirONGPHAPNGHIENCLL 2.1 Vat lieu, thiet bi nghien ciru a) Rugng cay: Chieu dai rupng tir 120 - 150 in dat thil nhe, lam dat cay cd dp sau biin: ttr 10 - 12 cm, dp nhuyen dat tir 7-12 b) Ma cay: Ma gieo nen cirng bang bun gieo thil cdng mat dp gieo 0,33kg thdc khd/m" chieu day biin cm chieu cao cay ma tir 13 - 17 cm, dp am cua dat tham ma 75% c) Thiet bi va thir nghiem: - May tdc dp vdng quay TPl 505 - Thudc va cac dung cu chieu dai, lire ke, dp am ke thiet hi dp nhuyen cua dat TAP CHi CONG NGHtEP NONG THON - SO 12 - 2014 KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - May cay lua Us hanh H A M C O 2Z-8238BG-E-D: Cdng sudt dpng ca kW sd vdng qua\ 1800 \/ph; Sd hang liia: hang; Khoang each tim hang: 238 mm; Khoang each khdm cay: 120/140 mm 2.2 P h v o n g phap nghien cthi 2-2.1 Nghien ciru ly limyet Bai toan ly thuvet dugc tien hanh thdng qua viec phan tich ddng hpc co cau ca\ tren co sa: phan tich nhdm hai khau; xay dung thuat toan; lap giai chuong trinh bang ngdn ngii scilab; phan tich va danh gia ket qua dira tren tieu chi \ e chat lupng cay gdm cd quy dao cay, dp sau cay, khoang each vo va tiet dien cat dat ciJa tay ca> 2.2.2 Nghien cuu thuc nghiem Tren co sd phan ttch bai toan ddng hpc co cau tay cay, tien hanh nghien ciru anh hudng cua kich thudc cac khau den chat lupng cay, anh hudng cua v^n toe tien ciia may cung nhu tdc dp quay ciia khau chu dpng cua co cau cay den chat lupng cay d mdi che dp cay Cd che dp cay phii hgp vcri yeu cau ndng hpc dupe dat nghien ciiu Khoang each giira cac khom cay, cm.- DQ sau cdy cm.- Tdng t\ !e h u hdng khdm cay(%): khdm bj vui lap khdm bj ndi khom bj hu hai, khdm bj bo, khom bi bd lien t i e p ( % ) Cdc ciu liC'u ky ihugf: Dien lich cay thirc le m'; Thdi gian lam viec ciia may cay, h; Nang sudt lam viec thirc te m"/h; Nang suat lam \iec thuan tu\, m'/h; Chi phi nhien lieu, lit/ha III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Ket qua nghien ciru ly thuyet 3.1.1 Bdi todn ve diing hgc ca cuu nhdm khdu - Ham v i tri mpt nhdm khau phang: Dudi day xet mpt nhdm khau phang gom toan khdp quay vi nd ung dung thich hgp cho viec tinh toan ciJa mpt sd Idn co cau phang khdp thap dang Tir ket qua nghien ctru 1> thujet, tien hanh cai tien may cdy lua tir che dp cay sang che dp cdy vdi mau may thu la may cay liia ma tham tir hanh HAMCO 2Z-8238BG-E-D May dupe thir nghiem dieu ki?n thir nghiem va chi tieu danh gia: - Quy md thirc nghiem: Rugng thi nghidm: Chieu dai rupng khdng nho hon 50m dien tich can thiet khong nhd hon 250m"/ hang thu; Tai diem dai dien tren be mat rupng tien hanh xac dinh cac thdng sd: Dp sau biin (cm); Dp sau nude (cm) Dp nhuyen ctia ddt Mdi chg dp khoang each khdm thirc hien tren mdi rupng, dien tich mdi rudng thii 3500 -6000 m" Mg Ibi nghiem: Gidng liia Nep 97; mat gieo 0.43kg mdng/m': Mat dp ma tren thanT - cay/cm"; Tudi ma: l H i ngay; Chieu cao ca_\ ma: 14 cm; Giai doan la/cay: la; Chieu day Idp ddt tham ma: cm; Dp am dat ma cay 73 - %; Dp ben keo ciia Iham ma - 0 g Cac che dp cay: che dp cay \ i khoang each khdm oa\ la 12cm 14cm, 16cm, 19cm cimg cM dp lam \iec cua may d chd lam viec nhanh va che dp lam viec trung binh Hinh I Sa hinh hgc cita nhdm hai khdu Dirang lien- pliuang an I: Jutrng din phirang an Gpi j va k la hai khau not ddng vdi nhau, dd khau j dugc ndi ddng vdi khau i bang khdp quay (iJ) Vj tri cLia cac khdp (i.j).(k,l) dupe xac djnh bang tpa dp xij yik xkl va ykl Ham \ j tri ciia cac diem hoac la bang hang neu nd dupe ndi vcri khdp quay cd djnh hoac la phu thudc vao loa dp q=tp2 ciia khau dan Ham sd ciia diem can xac djnh cua nhdm kliau la diem (j,m) Vj tri ciia hai khau dupe xac djnh nhd cac goc ipj, (pi: va cac tpa dp ctia khdp (j,k) T u hinh I cd die nhan thay rang dng vdi chieu dai Ij, l| bat ky se co hai vj tri tircmg lingcho khdp (j.k) He tpa dp t^-x\j la true vudng gdc vdi ^| Tuong tir nhu- tren, khau k cd he tpa dp ^ i i i vdi gdc tpa dp Chdt lugng cdy: Trung binh sd cay mpt tai khdp (k,l) Gdc ipjdupc tinh tir dirdng thdng song khdm ca\ Khoang each giua cac hang ca>, cm,song vdi true x theo hudng duang den huong dirtmg ciia true ^k 48 TAP C H i C O N G N G H I E P N O N G T H O N - S O 12 - 2014 - Chi tieu danh gia: KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE Phuong trinh tinh toan ham \ i tri x,,,, >,„, tp, va (Pk phai thda man dieu kien rang budc nghTa la hinh ciia Ij + I L va do khdng the tao dugc c a cau tir nhdm da cho chieu cua tpa dp cac khdp len hai true tpa dp phai la dudng thang khep kin (hinh I ) phuong an x,j+l, cos (pj - ll, cos (pL -\u Tir phuang trinh (4) va (5) ta tinh dupe gia trj sin va cos ciia gdc tpj: =0 (I) > ,i + I, cos (pj - 1, cos q>i -yLi=0 (sin 65 mm) OA Idn cung tao bien dang miii cay khdng hgp ly, hanh trinh tidn ciia mui cdy, dudng cong qua nghieng vd ddng trudc din d6n diii khdm m?, cay nghieng qua Idn (hinh 5c) K^t qua ghi d bang TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 12 - 2014 KHOA H O C - CONG NGHE Bdng J Anh hirang cua dti ddi khdu OA din chdt litung cdy TT Ngi dung OA (mm) Vm (mm/s) n (von^phiit) Do sau mui nia (mm) Khoang each vu (mm) Do sau cay lua (mm) OA-1 30 320 120 -141.6 -64.5 13.4 Anh hinrtig cua chieu d^i khau OA den chS Itro'flg cSv OA-4 OA-5 OA-2 OA-3 OA-5 55 35 40 45 50 320 320 320 320 320 120 120 120 120 120 -155.2 -168.7 -182.1 -195 •209.2 -52.8 -49 -57.6 -45.5 -42.6 -13.7 -27.1 -0.2 -54.2 -40.5 3.1.3 Kit qud nghien ciru ly ihityel phdn lich dnh hirang kich thudc cua khdu BC den chdt Imrng cdy Hinh gidi thi§u anh hudng cua khau BC den chatlupngcay a) b) c) Hinh Anh hudng cua ddi khdu BC din chat lugng cdy xO=0:yO^0 xC - mm, yC = mm .xF = - 187mm: yF = 43mm: OA= 35mm: AB - 90mm: eD=-l86mm nD = '34 mm, vm = 240 mm/s a) BC = 80mm: b) BC = 90mm: c) BC -= / lOmm OA-6 60 320 120 -223.7 -52.8 -68.7 - Kich thudc cua khau BC Idn qua (> 120mm), hoac nho qua (< 70mm) nhu quan he kich thudc cac khau da dua thi co cau cay hoat dpng khdng toan vdng - Khi thay ddi kich thudc khau BC, hinh dang quy dao cua mui cay thay ddi khdng ldn Hanh trinh tien cua mui cay khdng nghieng qua, hanh trinh tra ve mui cay chuyen dpng liii lai phia sau nen khdng bin cay - Khi kich thudc khau BC nhd, dp sau cay ldn tranh dupe hien tupng ban trugt gat vao cay da cay hinh a), kich thuoc khau BC ldn dp sau cay giam va ban trupt dd ggt vao nhiJng cay liia sau cay (hinh c) Ket qua ghi d bang Bdng Anh hircnig cua ddi khdu BC din chat lirgng tin TT •> Npi dung Chieu dai khau BC (mm) Vm (mm/s) n (vonq/phiit) Do sau mui nia (mm) Khoana each va (mm) Do sau cay lua (mm) BCI 80 320 120 -172.13 -70.39 -17.13 Anh hinimg cua chieu dai khau BC den chat luong cuv BC2 BC3 BC4 BC5 85 90 95 100 320 320 320 320 120 120 120 120 -163.71 -155 20 -146.53 -137.67 -64.12 -57.61 -51 39 -45.20 -8.71 -0.20 8,47 17.33 3.1.4 Kit qud nghien ciru ly thuyet phan lich anh hirang cua van toe lien cua mdy den chdt lirang cdy a nu)i chi dt) cdy Tren hinh gidi thieu mpt sd thj quy dao ciia mui cay thay ddi van tdc tien ciia may d cac che dp ca\ khac Khi may di chuyen vdi van tdc khac luong irng vdi tirng che dp khoang each khdm theo yeu cau ndng hpc ve mgt cay liia, chat lupng cay se thay ddi theo K6t qua ghi d bang Tdng hgp van toe di chuyen ciia may nia\ di chuyen nhanh tuong irng voi che dd khoang each BC6 110 320 120 -119.30 -45.63 35.70 khdm cang Idn, thi khoang each vo (khoang each mui nia cham vao cay ma theo phuong ngang x) se a) b) c) Hinh Anh hucmg ciia vein tdc lien ciia mdy den chdt lucmg cdy xO- 0- yO xC = mm: yC mm: xt-' - - lt(7mm yF - 43mm: OA -= 3Smm: BC- 90mm A8^ 90mm: eU - -186mm nD - -34 mm a) a = 120mm, vm -'-240mm s i>) a - I4nmm: vm 240mm s c) a = 160mm: vm ^ 240mm s TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 12 - 2014 51 KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE cang ldn, cay lua se it bj anh huang hon Khi cung mpt ehe dp khoang each khdm viec thay ddi tdc dp tay cay ciing anh hudng den cay liia Tuy TT 1 11 111 IV J N^i dung Biittg Anh hirong van loc t eu cua A n h h i r a n g cua \ an toe t en c i i a v4 \3 vl I i2 mdv may den c Itdl lirgng cm- d e n c lat l u ^ n g c a v a m o i ehe d o cSv \5 >6 v7 i8 a = 120 m m Vm (mm.'s) n (vo ns i' phut ) K h o a n g each v a ( m m ) 120 60 -57 65 180 90 -57.56 240 120 300 L50 360 180 420 210 480 240 -57.53 - 50 - 29 -57.65 -57.28 60 120 51.4 25.7 -64.54 ' -64.56 ISO 77.1 -64 58 102.9 128.6 1.54.3 180.0 205.7 -64.44 -64.35 -64.64 -64.26 -64.52 60 22.5 -71.42 120 45 -71.42 180^ 67.5^ -71.42 240 90 112.5 360 135 157.5 480 180 -71 28 -71.27 -71.22 -71.33 -71.19 60 18.9 -81.67 120 37.9 -81.60 180 56.8 -81.60 420 480 75.8 94.7 113.7 132.6 151.6 -81.48 -81.54 -81.60 -81.29 -81.48 60 30 -57.65 a = 140 m m Vm (mm's) n (vonti/phut) K h o a n g each v a ( m m ) 240 3011 360 420 480 a = 160 m m Vm (mm/s) n (vonti/'phut) Khoans; each v a ( m m ) 300 420 a = 190 m m Vm (mm/s) n (von-o/phut) K l i o a n p each v o ( m m ) 3.2 Ket qua nghien cuu thuc nghiem 3.2.1 Cai lien Imp ,s(i cli chuyen Tir nhung ket qua nghien ciru ly thuycl vdi cac thdng sd khoang each khdm ciia may la [2/l4/16/!9 cm tien hanh cai tien bp phan di chuyen ciia may Cu the la thiet ke hpp sd ciia may cay, co chg dp khoang each khdm va mdt che dp di chuy^h nhanh tren dudng 3.2.2 Kel cpiu thir tinh ndng mdy ldm viec tren dong sau dd lap dgt hop so mdi - Vi chdt lugng cdy: So ca) ma/khom tap trung 2- danh; Cac loi chii >eu may nhu: khdm bj viii lap, noi, hu hai rdt it; Ty le IPi bd khdm khdm bj loi lien liep mirc cho phep, nguyen nhan chii \eu mat dp ma tren tham chua deu mi^ng ma klii cat dem cay bj thieu be rpng: - Ve sir dung: May cd the dieu chinh dupe d khoang each khdm va dp nong sau cdy phii hgp theo yeu cau ndng hpc \a lam viec dn djnh; Kha nang vugt bd thira tdt nhd he thdng thiiy luc dieu khien ban trupt; Van hanh bao duang dan gian thuan tien, Cdn nang cao dp dong nhat gieo ma, chieu daj Idp bim gieo ddng nhat cdt ma dem c;i> phai du kich thudc de giam bdt ty le bd khdm IV KET LUAN - Bdng nghien ciru ly thu>ei va phuang phap thuc nghiem da xac djnh dupe su anh hudng cua van tdc di chuyen ctia may cay den quy dao cdy, dp 52 nhien dp anh hudng la rat it cac tdc dp quay ta> cay anh hirdng den tay cay gan nhu 240 300 360 sau cay, khoang each vo may cay lam viec Tren CO so dd, theo >cii cati cua ndng hpc cay liia da cai tien dugc ma\ cay liia tir liitnh kieu trai day tir che dp khoang each khdm sang che dp khoang each khdm phu hpp \di yeu cau ndng hpc canh tac Liia - Ket qua ciia viec nghien cuu tao lien de cho \iC'c cat tien may cay cd nhieu che dp cay han, phii hgp vdi nhieu loai gidng va thd nhuong tirng viing thdi gian tdi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO | I | I.C Sy I limg, Nghien ciru thici kc the tjio ni(ii M> \ixii may gico may ca> phii hirp \»'n ilieu ki^n thdm ciinli lua i» VK-I Nam IJ.li> cao long V.k lic lai cap nhii nimc Ua NiSi 2005 [2| J'CiS NguNL-n Haiig llai gianj; "{A thujcl ina\ canh ticdung tho ( «> h(«,- CKNN rnnrng d^ hoc nonj: ngjiivii! - 1W5 | | NguySn Van Mu6n Nguyen ViOi liu TrAn Van Nghien I ia Dire Thai May canh lac nong nghidp Nhii xuat bin giiiotlgc- iy-;7 [-l| Ngu; en Dien Dyng Viin Than Dae diem dja hinh \i tinh chill CO l> cuu dill nong nghii;p Viet Njm Nhii \uat ban nong nghiep- l''X4 |5| KVNX410-2(iiu mii> cay lua-tmh nang lanni^c -phinmg phiipihu- [6] Hol/^eisMg DrcMu (Vu Liem Chinh vii t S dichl CiiiiiJ irinh Dyng li.e hoe ma\ Nh;i \uk ban khoa hoe \ii kj lhu(iiI[aNoi 20(11 N g a y n h a n bai: 20/02/2014 Ngay phan bien: 01/4/2014 Nguoi phan bicn: TS Do HCru Khi Hpi co ndng nghiep Viet Nam TAP CHi CONG NGHjEP NONG THON - SO 12 - 2014 ... 24 0 120 300 L50 360 180 42 0 21 0 48 0 24 0 -57.53 - 50 - 29 -57.65 -57 .28 60 120 51 .4 25 .7 - 64. 54 '' - 64. 56 ISO 77.1 - 64 58 1 02. 9 128 .6 1. 54. 3 180.0 20 5.7 - 64. 44 - 64. 35 - 64. 64 - 64 .26 - 64. 52 60 22 .5... 30 320 120 - 141 .6 - 64. 5 13 .4 Anh hinrtig cua chieu d^i khau OA den chS Itro''flg cSv OA -4 OA-5 OA -2 OA-3 OA-5 55 35 40 45 50 320 320 320 320 320 120 120 120 120 120 -155 .2 -168.7 -1 82. 1 -195 ? ?20 9 .2. .. 22 .5 -71. 42 120 45 -71. 42 180^ 67.5^ -71. 42 240 90 1 12. 5 360 135 157.5 48 0 180 -71 28 -71 .27 -71 .22 -71.33 -71.19 60 18.9 -81.67 120 37.9 -81.60 180 56.8 -81.60 42 0 48 0 75.8 94. 7 113.7 1 32. 6 151.6