TRIET H(?C, SO 10 (317), THANG 10 2017 TU TUONG Cni CnCH GinO DUC cOn N G U V I N TRUdNG T 6 Nguyen Minh Nguyen* '''' Tien sT, Vî n Triet hpc, Vi|n Hin lam Khoa hpc xa hfi Vî t Nam Email nguyen dhpd@gm[.]
TRIET H(?C, SO 10 (317), THANG 10-2017 TU TUONG Cni CnCH GinO DUC cOn N G U V I N TRUdNG T Nguyen Minh Nguyen* ' Tien sT, Vi^n Triet hpc, Vi|n Hin lam Khoa hpc xa hfi Vi^t Nam Email: nguyen.dhpd@gmail.com Nhgn ngiy thing n5m 2017 Chap nhin ( ^ g ngiy 30 thing nim 2017 Tom tdt: Nguyin Trudng Tf (1830 - 1871) la nha tu tudng Ion, nha canh tan ySu nude cOa Viet Nam giai doan cuoi thd ky XIX Ong da tiing sing va hpc tgp d mft so nude phuang Tay Tgi day, dng da cd dilu kifn md rpng kiln thfle vd van hoa, tren ca sd dng dk dua nhiiu tu tudng co gia tti Bdi viet t^p trung phan tich tu tudng cai cdeh giao dye ciia Nguyin Trudng Tp thi hifn qua vifc phe phan nen giao dye hu hpc va chu truang xay dyng nen gido dye thyc hpc cua dng Tu tudng cai each giao dye cua Nguyen Tnrdng Tp dgc bift de eao giao dye thyc hpe vdi tu each bien phap mang tinh each mgng toan difn, nhdm thay dli nen gido dye lac hgu cua Vift Nam liic bdy gid, tao nen tang ehan dat nude tren nhieu phuong difn, nhu kinh te, chinh ttj, xa hpi Tii kfaoa: Nguyen Tnrdng Tp, van minh phuang Tay, tu tudng cai cdch/canh tdn, cai each giao dye, thyc hpc Nguyen Trudng Td (1830 - 1871) la nhd tu tudng Idn, nha canh tan yeu nude cfla Viet Nam giai dogn cuii thd ky XIX Ong dugc danh gia Id "mgt nhan each yeu nude bdng tri tud ldi Igc cfla minh" [8, fr.246] Khdng nhflng thd, dng cdn la ngudi rdt thdng minh; thdng thao nhieu ngogi ngfl, nhu tilng Trung, tilng Phdp; ed nhieu kien thuc vl ITnh vyc kiln tnie, xdy dyng, thien vdn, dia Iy, co khi, vd am hidu vd chinh tri, qudn sy, ngogi giao, Tdi ndng, tri tuf cung nhu nhflng ddng gdp cfla Nguyen Trudng Tf deu nhdm myc dich nhat la gianh ddc lap dan tf c vd ehdn ddt nude ThI ky XIX, Vift Nam ttd tiianh thude dia ciia thuc dan Phap, ddi sdng chinh tri, kinh tl, xa hgi tti ttf va lac hdu Trude bdi canh dd, eac nhd nho yeu nude, nhu Dang Huy Trfl, Phgm Phfl Thfl, Nguyen Thdng, Nguydn Ld Trgeh, ehfl truong tien hanh cai each nham gdp phan giai quyet cdc vdn de neu ttdn Vd eo bdn, hg chfl truong nghi hda vdi Phdp va mong muon trieu dinh md rfng ngogi giao vdi cac nude phuang Tdy, phat tridn cdng thuong nghifp dh lam giau ddt nude Tuy nhidn, Nguyin Trudng To cd tam nhin todn difn hon, tu tudng edi each cfla dng da bao qudt mgt edeh hf thdng nhidu ITnh vyc khdc nhau, cdp nhdt dugc cdi mdi cfla vdn minh phuang Tay va trd thdnh xu the mdi d phuang Ddng "ve kinh td, gido due, van hda, khoa hgc, xa hdi, chinh tri, Nguyin Trudng To dd ndu len nhflng sai lam cfla cdc chinh sdeh cua nhd Nguyen va vgch nhung bien phdp tan vl mgi mdt"[7.ti.l33] Trong cac tu tudng cai each cfla dng, dang chli y la tu tudng cdi each gido due 45 Tir TU"(!JNG CAI CACH GlAO DUC CtJA NGUYEN TRU"CJNG T Q d do, ti^n CO sd tiip thu cd chgn Igc nhthig tu tudng tiin bf cfla nin gido dye phuong Tay, dng tiin hdnh phd phdn nin gido dye hu hgc vd chfl truang xdy dyng ndn gjao due thye hoc, nhdm mye dieh canh tan ddt nude eung nhu hipn dgi hda nen giao dye nude nha Phd phdn nen giao dye hir hpc Nguyen Trudng To xudt than ttong gia dmh Nho hge, bdn than duge hge tdp, ren luyf n qua cdc trudng lop cfla Nho gido vd cd CO hfi di nhidu nude d khu vyc Ddng Nam A, nhu Hdng Kong, Smgapore, Malaysia vd tdi cd Tdy Au Ong dugc mgi ngudi rJtin nhdn vdi tu edch mft nhd tan hgc mang nhflng kiln thfle mdi me, tien bg cfla phuong Tay ddi lap vdi kiln thfle phd c$p cua phuong Ddng duong thdi ThI kf XDC, nin giao dye Vift Nam vdn cdn Ige hgu ed vd phuong difn nfi dung lan phucmg phap hgc Phuong phdp hpe cdn bdn la thufc ldng, khdng ed ttanh ludn, khdng cd sy phd phan cai cfl, cai Ige h^u cimg nhu khdng cd nhung Igp lugn mdi, sang tgo edi mdi, kien thfle dgy va hgc qua xa rdi thyc te cugc sdng: "Nhin lai vdo sy hgc cfla ta ngdy nay, nhflng dilu thdy dgy, nhihig cai hgc trd hgc, deu todn nhimg chuyf n xa xua Tuy ttong sdeh cd ddi cho ndi ddn nhihig vifc thye te nhung chdng tniydn day dugc, vi ngudi xua da khudt " [2, tt.248] Chdng hgn, d cap tidu hge, cdc em hgc sinh van chi dugc hgc Nhdt thiin tu (mft nghin chfl), 7am thiin tu (ba nghin ehfl), Sa hgc vdn tdn nghia, Au hgc ngu ngdn thi (tho ndm tidng) hay Thien tir vdn, Hiiu kinh, Minh Tdm bdo gidm, Minh dgo gia hudn Tam tu kinh vd Tu thu, NgU ^nh, ddu Id kinh didn cfla Nho giao [Xem: 1, tt.IT] Ngi dui^ gido dye hdu nhu chua vugt ngodi phgm vi dnh hudr^ cfla Nho giao, va khdng quan tSm ddn thi gidi 46 phuong Tdy ciing nhu cac tyu khoa hgc ky thugt eua phuong Tay Vdi Nguydn Trudng To, gido dye dugc xem la nen tdng eo bdn ciia chiin luge xdy dyng dat nude Theo dng, nguyen nhan ciia nhihig hgn chl, phfl philm, lac hgu, hu hpc cfla ndn gido dye phuong Ddng ndi chung vd giao dye Vidt Nam ndi ridng Iflc la: "Cdc nude phuong Ddng Id dng t l cua tram nghe, nhung bdn tinh lai mdi md sy an nhdn vui thu khdng thich ddi mdi Vd Igi xua dd tflng xung hiing xung bd ttong thidn hg, ty man ty tue, nghT rdng thidn khdng hon minh Cho ndn chuydn chpn hu vdn phfl philm, hge ldi xu ninh bg dl dugc cdi phfl quy mdng manh trude mdt" [2, tr.l37] Tu tudng "ty man ty tue" gay ndn sy b l tdc, Igc h|iu cfla dan tf c Viet Nam Nguydn nhdn cfla nd la quan nifm "ngi hg ngogi di" cd dnh hudng sdu sdc tii vdn hda Trung Hoa, tflc xem nude minh, ngudi nude minh Id vdn minh hem nude khdc, ngudi nude khac Do dd, tdm thfle eiia ddng ddo gidi tri thfle, nho si cung nhu ngudi dan Vift Nam khdng can phdi hgc hdi, tham khdo hgc thugt phuang Tdy, kien quyit gifl gin loi hgc cii Ngoai ra, ill hudng thy an nhdn da trd thdnh hifn tugng tuong dli phd bien ttong mft bg ph|in ngudi ddn Vift Nam Iflc bdy gid Nguyen Trudng Tf viit: "Nude ta hifn dan gian cd ldm ngudi khdng edy rufng ma mudn cd com dn, khdng det vai ma mudn cd m|ic, khdng cd tai ma muon cd dia vi, khdng hgc ma muon Idm quan, cho din nhflng bgn Idng dg hep hdi, tinh kidu cdng, khdng lo bon phgn, chdng rd lugn Iy, " [2, tt.250] Quan nifm "muln Idm quan" cfla mft bg phgn ngudi dan ro rang dugc hinh thdnh trdn co sd quan nifm "ttgng quan khinh ddn" dd tdn tai ttong mft NGUYEN MINH NGUYEN thdi gian ddi d Vift Nam, cho rdng myc dich di hge dl ldm quan chfl khdng phdi dh sdng tgo khoa hge nhdm phyc vy cho thyc tien cude sdng hay cai tgo xd hfi Theo Nguyen Trudng Tg, hgn che ldn nhat cfla nen gido due hu hgc la nguy bifn, vd ttdch nhifm dli vdi xd hfi: "Nhiing nhd nho edu ne khdng kheo biln hda, thudng hay u l n luoi mfla mdm, sau sy thdnh bgi da ro nhu guong chidu rdi mdi bdn lugn anh hfli^" [2, tt.l42] Cugc sdng an nhdn, vien vdng, thieh hudng thy, khong suy tu ddn nhiing vdn dl cfla thyc tgi cugc sdng xd hfi se hbih thdnh ndn nhiing ngudi sing vd ttdeh nhifm vdi ban thdn vd cgng ddng Day la kdt qua cua nen gido dye hu hge Mgt cfng ddng, mdt xd hgi phat tridn ddi hdi ede ed nhdn ttong dd phdi cd tinh thdn ttach nhifm cao Tinh thdn trach nhidm dugc bidu hifn cy thd qua ba moi quan hf CO bdn: Cd nhdn - gia dinh, ca nhdn - xd hgi, ea nhan - cd nhan Tinh than trach nhifm Id mdt nhiing phdm ehdt cao dpp, thude gid tri cua ngudi, gdp phdn quan ttgng tgo ndn quan he xd hfi tit dpp, thuc ddy sy phdt triin cfla xd hfi Nguyen Tnrdng Tf chi sai Iam cfla vifc ldy vdn chuong hu hgc ldm tidu chudn dl chgn lya nhdn tai: "Trfl Trung Quic, Nhdt Ban, Cao Ly va nude ta ra, khdng cd nude nao ldy vdn chuong dl chgn nhan tai Dd eiing vi tho phfl khdng dudi dugc gige, nghin ldi khdng dugc mdt kl sach " [2, tt.I92] Theo dng, nhdn tdi Id ngudi ed tai ndng, ndng lyc, cd tam nhin bao quat, cd khd ndng ndm bdt dugc cdc quy lu|t van dgng chung ttong xd hgi va cd khd ndng phan tich, nhdn dinh, ddnh gia tinh hinh Do v|iy, nen gido due Nho hgc vdi nhiing kiln thfle xa rdi tiiyc tl, giao dilu se khdng thi ndng cao trinh ddn tri, khdng ddo tgo dugc nguin nhdn lyc cd chdt lugng cao vd dfl kha nang gdnh vdc nhifm vy cfla dan tf e Hon nfla, dng cdn eho rdng, nin giao dye Ige hgu, xa rdi thyc t l cufc sing (hu hgc) cd till dan tdi hgu qud to ldn Id ldm mdt nude, ttd thdnh ddn tde bi nd If: "Da mft thdi bao nhidu qudn tu ddi diu ehuyen chudng chfl nghTa vdn chuong, viit sach ldm Iudn de ty eao lap di ddn ddn bd mdt cai hgc thyc dyng, den ndi ede nude Tdy Bdc trdn qua danh phd md tan thdnh timg nude nhd"[2,tt.l92] Nguydn Trudng To chi rdng, cac kien thfle dang dp dung vdo gidng dgy d nude ta Iflc hdu nhu diu la nhihig kien thfle Igc hau tfl ddi xua cua Trung Quic va khdng edn phfl hgp: "Nay xem cdc sdeh binh thu, ludt Uch, phuang dugc nghd deu tfl trude ddi Dudng va sau Ngu dh truyen lgi thi dfl biet chuydn mdn thdi dy nhu thi ndo" [2, tt.l92]; "ngdy ehung ta, Iflc nhd thi hgc van, tfl, tho, phfl, ldn len lam quan thi Igi lugt, lich, binh, hinh Lfle nhd hge ndo Son Ddng, Son Tay mdt chua timg thdy, ldn len lam thi din Nam KJ, Bac Ky Lflc nhd hgc thien vdn, dia 1;^, chinh sy, phong tyc tan ben Tdu (md hg dd sfla dli hdt rdi), ldn Idn Iam thi lgi dimg din dia Iy, thien vdn, chinh sy, phong tye cfla nude Nam " [2, tt.249] Theo dng, viec rap khudn may mdc he thdng gido due cfla nude ndy vdo nude khde se ed nhiiu dilm khdng phfl hgp Do v^y, viec tim kiim mdt chuong trinh giao dye phu hgp vdi thyc tien va ddp flng yeu cau ciia xa hfi d mgt giai dogn lich sfl cy the dugc Nguyen Trudng Tf dgt vd tim phuong an gidi quyet Trong ede sT phu duong thdi van chim ttong khoa bdng, Nguyen Trudng To vdi vdn tri thfle rfng ldn ttdn nhiiu ITnh vue ciing ldng ty hao dan tdc, khdt vgng dde lap 47 TU TUCiNG CAI CACH GIAO DUC C O A N G U Y £ N T R U C J N G T Q ddn tdc, dd chfl f ddn tinh thdn binh dang vdn hda va dy bao vl xu hudng thoat "Trung": "Nude ta ciing ed ttdi che, tiic thidn vdn, dudi cung cd ddt chd, tflc dia ly Trong khoang ttdi ddt, nude ta cung Id mft nude tdt Idnh hdn hoi, ddu phdi Id mgt miin phy dung cfla Tau Trong dd, cung cd vifc cua ngudi, Iuan thudng dgo Iy cfla ngudi, tflc la nhung gi ta phdi xdy dyng cho hifn tai cimg nhu chdu ta mai sau" [2, tt.249] Bdi, theo dng Id thuge, dfl It, dfl dd la nude cung Iy tudng, thi van chua hoan toan tu lyc, ty eudng, ma cdn phdi bilt tiip thu vd ddng hda nhirng thfl cd lgi, cd ich cho sy phat triin cfla ddt nude Cd till thdy, tu tudng cfla Nguyen Trudng To di ngugc Igi hoan toan vdi quan diem tu tdn dan tgc cfla trieu dinh nhd Nguyen Nha Nguyen phfl nhan cae ndn van hda khdc, ddng khung nen van hda Trung Hoa Vdi nhgn thfle nay, nha Nguyen dd ddng chat ednh cfla cfla minh, chli bd nhung co hdi tiep nhan thdnh tyu khoa hgc ky thuat mdi cfla thi gidi Cung chinh vi su ddng khung dd md trieu dinh nhd Nguyin da khdng nhdn thfle dugc thyc trang dat nude tiong mdi tuong quan ve chinh tri, qudn sy, hgc thu^t, vdi cac nude phuong Tdy Chu truonag xay dyng nin giao dye thyc hgc Nhu tiren dd trinh bdy, ndn giao due nude ta giai doan thi ky XIX chfl ylu coi ttgng vdn dl II nghi Nho giao, ma khdng quan tdm din vdn dl ldm thd nao dl ed thi flng dyng mdt edch hifu qud nhflng tyu cfla khoa hgc ky thudt vdo thyc tiin ddi song xa hfi Vdi tdm nhin bao qudt, Nguyin Trudng Tf dd dua tii tudng cai each giao due nhdm mye dich khdc phyc hgn chl cfla nen giao dye hu hgc va xdy dyng nin gido dye tiiyc hge dap flng nhihig ydu cdu mdi cfla thdi dai 48 Trong gido dye, gidng day va hgc tdp Id hai phdn khdng thi tach rdi giiia thdy va ttd, gifta truyin dat va tiep thu Nguyen Trudng Tf da dgt nhiing edu hdi eo ban, nhu "vgy hgc Id gi? La hge nhthig thfl ehua bilt de biet md dem thye hdnh (Nhung thye hdnh cai gi? Thyc hdnh d ddu?) Dd Id thuc hdnh nhiing thu gi thye te trude mdt va cdn de lai lgi ich cho ddi sau nfla" [2, tt.248] Theo dng, cai each gido due thyc hge se dem Igi cho chflng ta each hgc hoan todn khdc so vdi trude ddy Cy thd, hge dh flng dyng tich eye vdo thuc te cufc sing, giflp ieh ngudi, chfl khdng phdi la hu vdn, phfl phidm Nguyen Trudng To nhan mgnh, gido due thyc hge phai dugc phi cgp tdi timg ngudi ddn Bdi, dd vua la quyin lgi vua Id ttach nhifm cfla moi ngudi trude van mfnh cfla dan tdc Trude bdi ednh nude ta lflc dd, Nguyen Trudng Tf nhgn thay, cai cdeh giao dye thuc hgc cd vai ttd " bdi duong nhdn tdi tue dudng rgng ldn di di din gidu mgnh" [2, tt.291] Vifc ddo tgo, bdi dudng nguon nhan lyc dap flng nhu edu xa hfi va phdt trien ddt nude Iudn la van dl elt 16i dugc ddt ttong cae giai dogn phat trien cfla ljch sfl dan tgc Ndn giao due cd tinh dinh hudng cao sd tgo duge ngudn nhan lyc dfl nang lyc, phdm chdt dl giai quyit cdc vdn dh dgt cfla xd hfi, cfla ddt nude TrSn CO sd do, dng dl xudt xda bd nin giao dye tdm chuong trich cfl va xay dyng nin gido dye thyc hgc D I giai quyit thyc ttgng ydu kem cfla ndn giao ciing nhu gdp phdn tim cdu tra ldi dflng ddn ddi vdi nhiing vdn dl md xa hfi Vift Nam duong thdi dang dat ra, tiudc hit, Nguydn Trudng To dd nghi tiin hanh cai edeh ndi dung cac mdn hge cung nhu phuong thfle thi cfl Cy thd, dng vidt: "Xin NGUYEN MINH NGUYEN cho cdc trudng Qudc hge, tinh hge, ede trudng tu vd cdc bai thi Huong thi Hfi diu ehfl ttgng vdo thih hinh hifn tgi, nhu lu|it lich, binh quyin, cac ehinh sy vl cdng hinh lgi ll, tdt cd diu dugc ndi thdng, khdng gidu giem, cd cdi gi tf hai cdi gl hay ho, cdi gl nen dl Igi, cai gi edn thay di, nhung cai cdn thiet trude mdt, nhihig cdi cd thi phdn tich ty my, xac ddng, hgp thdi, thi dugc eoi Id trflng cdeh, edn nhihig chuyf n cii chi la thfl ylu" [2, tt.l94] Theo dng, thye hifn dilu ndy sd gdp phdn khdc phye nhflng mgt hgn chd cua nen giao dye hu hgc, C£ip nhgt nhieu kiln thuc mdi, ddo tgo dgi ngfl nhan lyc cd trinh df cao tham gia tich cue vao qua trinh edi cdeh kinh te, chinh tri, xa hfi Nguyen Trudng To chfl truong l^p cae khoa hodn toan mdi me, cd gid tri thyc dyng, nhu khoa Ndng chinh: Truyin dat cho ngudi hgc nhflng phuong phdp ndng nghipp CO bdn, thich hgp vdi dilu kifn hau, dat dai ddc thfl mSi viing vd dem lgi hifu qud kinh tl cao; khoa Thien van - Dia Iy: Truyin dat cdc kiln thfle v l thien vdn va dia Iy cfla Vift Nam; khoa Cdng ky nghf: Cung cdp cac kiln thfle mdi cfla phuang Tay vl k)? thuat may mdc; khoa Lugt hgc: Cung edp cac kiln thuc chung vd Ii4t phdp; khoa Thdng kd: Van dyng kiln thfle cua cac mdn khoa hgc ty nhidn dl tdng hgp, phdn tich vd dua cae nhan djnh, gidi quyit cac van dl Tiip ddn, Nguyin Trudng Tg chfl truong cdi edch chfl viit cfla ngudi Vift Nam: "Nude ta Id mft nude cd tdn tuoi vao hdng nlu cfla phuong Ddng, vgy md chi mgt minh nude ta khong cd ehfl vidt" [2, tt.255] Ong dd chi nhflng bdt c|ip cfla vifc sfl dyng chQ: Hdn, bdi vifc sfl dung chfl Han ttong cugc sdng hdng da dua lai mgt sd ban chd, nhu hgc chii Han md khdng dgc dugc nhu ngudi Hdn, lgi them mgt phdn phdt dm ciing nhu mdt ldn gidi nghTa cho ndn rdt mdt cdng sflc dd dfli mdi mdi dgc hilu duge, lang phi thdi gian cho vifc hgc ehfl nhung lai khdng ed thdi gian hgc cdc mdn hgc khdc [Xem: 2, tt.256] 6ng Id ngudi cd cdng ldn ttong truyen bd chfl qudc ngii d Vift Nam Y tudng phd cap chu viet ridng cho ngudi Vidt Nam dd ndng cao kien thfle cho ngudi dan cfla dng dd dap umg dflng mong mdi cua ngudi dan va phfl hgp vdi nhu cdu phdt trien cfla xa hdi, ddng thdi gdp phan tdn vinh long ty hao dan tf c ttong bdi ednh Viet Nam thi ky XIX Vdi vdn kiln tiiflc Nho hgc ttong nude vd kiln thfle tiip nhdn d nude ngoai, Nguyin Trudng Tg da cd nhung cam nhdn, so sdnh, ddi chidu vd khang dinh thye td ydu kem cfla nen gido dye Viet Nam Iflc bay gid: "Ngudi phuong Tdy ciing Id ngudi, hg ddu cd thi vugt khdi ttdi ddt md hgc, thi cai hge cfla hg dugc eong hifu" [2, tt.l93] Tfl dd, dng ehfl truang cai each ndn gido dye cfla Vift Nam trdn eo sd tiip thu cd chgn Igc nhung the mgnh ciia nen giao dye thye hge d phuang Tay: "Hgc nhung gi thyc te flii se cd thye dyng, hgc nhflng cdi vyn vat tM chi dugc cdi vyn vgt, " [2, tt.l93] Nfi dung giao dye khoa hgc vd vdn minh phuong Tdy md Nguydn Trudng To lya chgn dl thdu ngp, b l sung vd vgn dung Id cac kiln thfle khoa hgc ty nhidn 6ng nhdn thdy vai ttd quan trgng cfla khoa hgc ty nhidn dli vdi sy phdt triin cua nen vdn minh phuong Tdy, ddy la cdi md gido dye d Vift Nam Iflc dd van cdn thieu: "Hifn cac nude phuong Tdy tdt cd cac cu ky la, khdng ed mgt edi gi Id khdng dya vdo sflc ty nhien cfla ttdi ddt dl Idm" [2, tt.l93] Tuy nhien, Nguyen Trudng Tf eung khdng phu nhgn hoan toan nin giao dye nude nhd, cho rdng: " Khdng phdi la muln 49 TU" TUdNG CAT CACH GIAO D y C CUA NGU Y N T R U C J N G T Q bd hdt cai cii ma mmi cau cdi mdi Nhimg phai lay cdi hay cfla minh cd sin, cdn phdi gIm ed nhihig cdi hay ciia thidn hg mdi sdng tgo ra" [2, tt.l93] Dd Id edch tiip cgn tii thfle mdi bdng dudng ngdn hon ma van luu gift dugc nhftng gid tri xua cfi Quan dilm ndy cfla dng, mft ldn nfla, khdc vdi nhdn thfle tiirdc ddy cfla Nho gido cho rdng "xua hem nay" Bdi, theo dng, moi giai dogn deu cd nhflng tiidnh tyu ridng cung nhu ton tgi nhflng m|t hgn chl nhdt dinh Cdi tidn bd cfla giai doai cd thd tid thdnh lyc cdn cfla giai dogn sau Do dd, "xua" se gdp phdn tgo tiin dd cho "nay", ma khdng phdi tuyft ddi nhu Nho gido van khdng dinh Ngodi ra, Nguyen Trudng Tf cdn dua ehii truang dao tgo nhdn tdi bdng cdeh chgn ngudi gidi gfli di du hgc tgi cdc nude phuong Tdy, vd sau ttd vd, se gdp phdn md mang kiln thiic cho ndn gido due nude nhd ciing nhu thdnh lap cdc trudng ky nghf nhdm ddo tgo nhdn lye ttong nude Ong Ifp Iudn rdng, gift bd cdi giang son phdi bdng dan tri, bdng sfle mgnh thyc sy cfla tri thuc thi mdi gidnh lai dugc df c Idp, mdi gift dugc ddt nude: " Ddn dd yen sau se khiln ke hien tdi vugt biln, sang cac nude Idn hgc each ddnh ttdn gift thdnh, hgc tgp tri xdo cfla thidn ha, giao thifp vdi hg lau ddi, mdi bilt Iudng sflc tdi, bilt hit tmh tirgng cfla hg Hgc cho tinh vi mdi smh ky xdo, rat myc kj* xdo mdi mgnh, bdy gid mdi dudng uy sflc nhuf, dgi thdi hdnh dgng, mdt d phia Ddng thi ldy lai d phia Tdy, cung chua mufn gi" [2, tt.lll] Vifc dua hge sinh nude ngodi hgc tap sg giflp cho hg nhanh chdng tidp tiiu nhflng thdnh tyu cfla khoa hgc ky tiiudt phuong Tay va vgn dung nd ttong qua trinh edi tgo ddt nude ttdn nhiiu ITnh vyc cfla ddi song xd hfi, ddng tiidi, gdp phdn thay doi nhanh chdng tu Igc hdu eua ngudi Vift Nam lflc dd Nhu vdy, cd thd thay, ehlln luge cdi cdeh gido dye cua Nguydn Tnrdng Tf dya ttdn quan dilm cho rdng "dan tgc cd tri thfle thi mdi thyc su tid nude giau mgnh" Tdm lai, cd thd thdy, tu tudng cdi cdeh gido dye cfla Nguyen Trudng Tf dd phe phdn manh md nin gido dye Igc hau, loi thdi cfla Viet Nam lflc dd De gidi quyit tridt dd vdn dl cdp bach cflng nhu Idu dai cua ddn tdc, theo dng, cdn thilt phdi tidn hanh cdi each gido due, bdi Id gidi phdp ty lyc ty eudng nhdm nang cao ddn tri vd bdo vf dde Idp ddn tde Hon nua, qua cac bdn dieu ttdn, nfi dung tu tudng cdi cdeh giao dye cfla Nguyin Trudng Tg cd nhiiu didm tiin bf, danh ddu bude chuyin biln quan ttgng ttdn phuong difn tu tudng tiong xa hdi phong kien Viet Nam the ky XIX Tai lieu tham khao [1] Phan Trpng Biu (2015), Gido due Viit Nam cgn dgi, Nxb Khoa hpc x i hpi, Hi NOi [2] Ngityin B i can (1988), NgtQ^n Trudng Tg: Con ngudi vd di thdo, Nxb Thinh Ho CM Minh [3] Nguyin Dinh Diu (2013), ^ g « y ^ Trudng Tg vai triiu dinh Tff Diic Nxb Trfi [4] TS LS Thj Lan (2002), Tu tudng cdi each & Viit Nam nua cuoi thi Ay XIX, Nxb Khoa hpc xah0i,H4NOi [5] Nhi^u tic gii (2002), Qudc sU qudn triiu N^tyen [6] Nhi^u tic gii (2014), WguyJn Trudng Tg horn Dgi Nam thifc life, i 1, Nxb Giio dye, Hi Nfi qua vd horn nay, Nxb Tri thtic, H i N^i [7] D$ng Huy Van, Chuong Thiu (1961), NIaing di nghf cdi each cua Nguyen Trudng T^ cuoi thikyXIX, [8] Nxb Giio dye, H i Nfi Vifn Khoa hpc x i hfi - So Vin h6a thong tin Tp H Chl Minh (1992), Nguyin Truang Tg vdi vdn di canh tdn dot nu&c Trung tim n^ifin Cliu Hin n6m, H i Nfi