Tu lieu tham khao s611(77) nam 2015 HIEU QUA CUA CACH TIEP CAN GIAO DUC NGON N G C CAN BANG TRONG VIEC HÛ CnvG DAN TRE LAM QUEN CHlT V I £ T TRAN NGUYEN NGUYEN H A N '''' TOM TAT Cdch tiip can gido due[.]
Tu lieu tham khao s611(77) nam 2015 HIEU QUA CUA CACH TIEP CAN GIAO DUC NGON N G C CAN BANG TRONG VIEC HU^CnvG DAN TRE LAM QUEN CHlT V I £ T TRAN NGUYEN NGUYEN H A N ' TOM TAT Cdch tiip can gido due nggn nga cdn bdng duac cai Id phuang phdp hudng ddn Id ndng tiin doc viil hieu qua ddi vdi Ire mdm non Yi thi viec dp dung each tiip can gidg due nggn ngd cdn bdng vdo hogt dong gido due ngon ngd tgi truang mdm non khong nhdng phdt triin nhu ciu, dgng ca dgc, viit md cdn phdt trien cdc ki ndng dgc viet cdn Ihiel cho hoal ddng hgc lap To-khda: each tiSp can giao due ngon ngfl can bang, lam quen chfl viet, tre mam non ABSTRACT The effect of the balanced language education approach on literacy education in kindergartens The balanced language education approach is considered an effective apprggch lo guide pre-regdiug and pre-wnling skills for preschool children Thus, applying Ihe balanced language education approach in kindergartens develop not only children s need and motivation lo read and write but also children '5 reading and writing skills necessary for learning Keywords: balanced language education approach, literacy education, preschool children I Dat van de Doc, vilt khong don thuin la boat dong ghi nho mot each may moc cac ki hieu chu viet de giai ma, ma hoa chu viSt ma la phuong tien giao ti6p hieu qua giup nguoi- truySn tai thong tin vol Cac nghien ciiu vS phuang phap huong dan doc thcri ki mam non da dugc thuc hien tir thi ki XIX Tir din nay, cac nha giao due vin khong ngimg tim kiem phuang phap hudng dan doc, viet phil hgp vol tre mim non Trai qua nhieu nam nghien cim, de khac phuc han che cua cac each tiep can giao due ngon ngir truoc do, tir sau nam 1995, each tilp can giao due ngon ngir can b&ig doi dugc xem la phuong phap huong din doc, viSt phii hop nhit cho tre mim non Phuong phap Holdway (1979) va Mooney (1990) di xuit, dugc tiSn hanh bing each kk hgp (electic or combination) hai hoa cac phuang phap huang dan tre lam quen chir vilt Noi dung 2.1 Ca sd hinh cua cdch tiip can gido due cdn bdng 21.1 Cdch tiip can tam phdt dm (phonetic language approach) „; Khdi niem va bdi canh ddi Xuit hien tir thi ki XIX, caA tilp • TS, Tn/&ng Dai hoc Su pham TPHCM, Emai: han929@gmail.com TAP CHi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM can trgng tam phat am nhan manh qua trinh dgc, giai ma chir viet hon la dpc, hilu D§ tre co the dpc chinh xac va troi chay, giao vien chu'trpng viec day he lh6ng chO cai, tir, nhan mat chu va phat am, nhan thuc va sii dung cac yeu to cua ngon ng& noi (phonological awareness) nhu am vi, am tiet, tiJ, cau Cach tiep can trpng tam phat am la phucmg phap phat trien ngon ngiJ dua tren quan diem ciia thuy6t hanh vi Tre chju anh huong boi yeu to moi trucmg, vi th6 tre hpc cac kT nang can thiet ciia dgc, vi^t thong qua eon duong bat ehudc va luyen tap co he thong dugc lap Iai thuong xuyen Cac nha giao due ung hp thuyet hanh vi cho rang thdng qua viec huong dan CO he thong va luyen tap thucmg xuyen cac kT nang can thiet cho viec dge, viet, dp chuan bi dgc se dupc phat trien nhanh chong hon b) Phuang phdp hirdng dan Muc dich ciia each tiep can nhSm phat trien kha nang dgc, giai ma (decoding), ma hoa (encoding) ban la nam y nghTa va chiic nang cua chij viet, chii trgng dgc, viat chinh xac hon la hinh Ihanh thai va dgng co dgc, viet Thong qua str huong dan co he thong va dupc ren luyen thudng xuyen, cac kT nang cSn thilt cbo viec dgc, viSt dugc thuin thuc Giao vien day tre theo chuong trinh dugc chu&i hoa khong liru y den d^c trtmg hay kinh nghiem ciia ngu6i hgc Cach tiep can cho rang kT nang nghe va noi dii khong dug-c hpc theo hinh thiic dac biet nao cung co th6 ITnh hgi ™0t each tu cupc s6ng Tuy Tran Nguyen Nguyen Hdn nhien, kT nang dpc va viSt cSn phai dugc huong din bai ban, he thdng Giao vien danh nhi6u thdi gian cho h-e luyen tap cac kT nang ciin thi6t chu4n bi cho viec hpc chO, nhu: nhan \>\k su khac va giong v^ hinh dang, kich thuoc ciia chii viSt, kha nang dinh hudng khong gian, kha nang ph6i hgp tay va mat Ngoai ra, giao vien chu trpng sOr dung bai tap-tro choi co he thong nham giiip tre nhan bi^t tu va chCr, dgc to tir va chir, nhan \>\k mat chir, ten chii, biet phat am chit cai, hieu quy tac ghep van de dgc Nguyen tac hudng dan ciia each tiep can dugc bat dau tir don vi nho den don vi ldn: am vi—^chii cai—*tir—^cau—*cau chuyen Tuy nhien, giao vien khong nhat thiet phai hudng dan bat dau tir am vi, ma dau tien, giao vien CO the hudng dan tre nhan thiic chii cai, tir quen thupc, phin biet tir, chu cai cho dan tre thuan thuc, giao vien mdi hudng din tre nhan bilt va phat am am vi Cach tilp can trgng tam phat am cd hieu qua viec hudng din tre dgc, giai ma, mS hda tir hay chit, nhimg viec hgc cua tre dupc tien hanh theo hinh thirc luyen tap thudng xuyen, ben canh dd, tai lieu hgc khong mang l?i bling thii cho tre co the dHn den viec tre mdt hiing thii vdi chu- vilt De khac phuc dieu nay, cac nha nghien ciiu da tim each tilp can mdi ve su phat trien ngon ngir ciia fre, la each tilp can ngon ngu" trgn ven NIU so vdi each tilp can trgng tam phat am chii ylu chu y den hrinh dp dpc, vilt cua tre theo tieu chuan dat thi each tilp can ngon ngii trgn v?n lai dat 169 TIP lieu tham khao mdi quan tam ldn hon d viec tre cd hilu dugc y nghTa cua chir vilt hay khong va tre sir dung ngon ngii de giao tiep nhu the nao 2.1.2 Cdch tiip can gido due ngon ngutron ven (whole language approach) a) Khdi niem va boi canh ddi Cach tiep can ngon ngu trpn ven dupc ddi vao nam 1960 va phd bien rgng rai vao nhimg nam 80 Cach tiep can dupc coi la phuong phap phat triln ngon ngu- cbo tre mang tinh cu the boat ddng hoc tap xual phat lir linh huong CO y nghia doi vdi ire thay cho phuong phap phat trien ngon ngii mang tinh triru tupng, hinh thiic phi tinh hudng trudc Dilu dem lai su thay doi Idn ddi vdi su phat trien kT nang liln doe, \ let cua tre va phuong phap hudng dan ciia giao vien Cac nha giao due gpi each tiep can la each tiep can ngon ngir trpn ven vi ba li sau day: (i) Don vj co ban cua ngon ngii la •">' nghia", (ii) Khdng day tach rdi bon kT nang nghe ndi dpc viet ma day tdng the ca bdn kT nang (iii) De tre phat trien loan dien, ITnh vuc phat trien ngon ngir phai dugc day tich hgp vdi lat ca cac ITnh vuc khac bao gdm: ITnh virc phat trien the luc ITnh vuc phat trien nhan thuc ITnh virc phat Irien linh cam xa hpi ITnh \ uc phat trien tham mT Co sd Ii luan ciia each tiep can ngon ngii trgn ven chiu anh hudng bdi triet Ii chii nghTa cap lien cua Dewey nhan manh kinh nghiem, thii eiia tre qua trinh hgc lap, quan diem hpc tap lich cue thdng qua kinh nghiem cam giac cua Froebel, Pestalozzi va each tilp can hgc tap mang tinh tu nhien ciia 170 Sd 11(77) nam 2015 Rousseau, Pestalozzi Froebel Cach tiep can nhan anh hudng H luan cua Piaget va Vygotsky, cho rSng nang lire can thilt cho viec dpc nam ben ngudi hgc, nang lire ben thdng qua qua trinh ngudi hpc tuong tac vdi the gidi ben ngoai se dupc hinh tir cho ddi khai niem dgc, viet tu phat (emergent literacy) Tren co sd giao vien khdng nhdi nhet ngi dung dupc lap trinh san cho tre ma eung cap mdi trudng va tao CO hdi tuong tac vdi Ire de tre dupc thi hien nang lire dge viet cua minh Dd cung chinh la ndi dung day tre hgc dpc vilt (Theo [I4J) Cach tiep can ngon ngu trgn ven cdn ehiu anh hudng Halliday Ong cho rang chirc nang va hieu qua sir dung ciia ngon ngCr tinh hudng su dung ngon ngir quan trpng hon cau triic ciia ngdn ngir Viec ngudi Idn cho tre hgc sii dung ngon ngir mot each tir sinh hoal hang ngiiy dem Iai hieu qua Idn ddi vdi qua trinh ITnh hdi ngdn ngO cua Ire Quan diem mdi cua Rosenblatt ve hpc dpc cung anh budng den each tiep can ngdn ngii' trpn ven Trudc day hgc dgc dupc hieu la qua trinh truyen dat van ban mot chieu den ngudi dgc, nhtrng theo quan diem cua Rosenblatt, dgc la qua trinh tuong lac gifl-a ngudi dpc vdi van ban (transactional process) (Theo [14]) Dii ciing mgt van ban nhung kha nang tiep nhan y nghTa van ban ciia ngudi dpc rat khac tiiy vao kien thiic, su quan tam, nang luc tu ciia ngudi dpc Quan diem dac biet nhan manh vai trd tich cue ciia ngudi dpc Ngudi khai sinh each tiep can ngdn ngir trgn ven la Goodman [7] Ong TAP CHi KHOA HOC SHSP TPHCM chinh la nguai tien hanh lira chon, dilu chinh cac nguyen 11 hoc tap ngon ngu phong phli cua cac nha nghien cim dl cho doi each tilp can ngon ngii trgn ven b) Phuang phdp hudng din Cach tiep can ngon ngfl tam phat am va each tiep can ngon ngir trgn ven CO su khac biet viec lua chgn muc dich giao due ngon ngfl Muc dich cua each tilp can ngon ngir trgrig tam phat am la phat triln nang luc giai ma (dpc) va ma hoa (vilt) mgt each chinh xac Muc dich ciia each tiep can ngon ngir trpn ven la khai ggi dong ca dgc, viet cua tre nham giup tre nim vimg va truyen tai y nghia cua ngi dung dugc dgc, khong chu y din loi ciia tre Cach tilp can trgng tam phat am coi trgng viec nim ciu true ciia ngon ngfl, each tilp can ngon ngu trgn ven coi nang lire su dung ngon ngir de giao tilp ban Trdn Nguyin Nguyen Han phat am hudng din dpc, vilt rieng le, nu tien day hgc dgc truac hgc vilt, each tiep can ngon ngii trgn ven khong nhimg hucmg din ting hgp ca bin ki nang nghe, noi, dgc, vilt ma tieh hgp npi dung giao due ciia cac ITnh vuc phat triln khac Theo each, tilp can trgng tam phat am, tre hgc chuOi kl nang cin thilt cho viec hgc dgc, viet theo hoat dgng mang ti'nh chii dich ciia giao vien Giao vien chu yeu sir dung tai lieu hgc chir cai theo he thong va ren ki nang phat am, ghep am, truyen dat mgt chieu ngi dung giao due dugc lira chgn sin cho tre tren gio hpc each tiep can ng6n ngii trgn ven, tre dugc tiep can va tuong tac vol tai lieu dgc, vilt CO y nghia (lai bai hat, to quang cao, ban do, bleu do, sach bao, tap chi, bang hieu, thuc don, tac pham van hoc, san phim ciia tre ), qua do, tre tu hinh kiln thirc cho minh Ngoai ra, each tiep can trgng tam Bdng I, So sdnh cdch tiep cdn trgng tdm phdt dm va cdch tiip cdn gido due tron ven Cach tiep can giao due ngon ngir tron v^n Thuyet chii nghTa tir nhien, thuyet Li luan nen chii nghia cap tien, thuylt chu nghTa Thuyet chu nghia hanh vi tang tuong tac, ngon ngii hpc theo chiic nang Giai ma (dgc) va ma hda (viet) Nam vimg va truyen dat y nghia Muc dich chinh xac giao due Dgng CO dgc, viet Nang lire dpc, viet Sir dung ngon ngii de giao tiep Nam vung cau tnic ng6n ngii Tai lieu hpc he thong chii cai va Sach tranh, tai lieu dgc, viet Hgc lieu moi trudng xung quanh cd y nghia nguyen tac ghep am Tai lieu khong co y nghia doi vdi tre vdi tre Giao vien truyen dat npi dung Tre tir hinh kien thiic (tre hpc Phuong phap giao vien lap ke hoach san cho tre theo nguyen tac tir ngoai) (tre hpc theo nguyen tac tii ngoai Cach ti£p can tam phat am 171 S611(77) ndm 2015 Tif lieu tham khao vao trong) Nguyen tac Am vi —»^ chir cai —» tir —» cau —»• hudng dan cau chuyen KT nang nghe, noi dugc ITnh hgi mgt Giao due each tir nhung kT nSng dgc viel chiic nang can thiet phai dupc hudng dan co he thong KT nang dgc, viet dugc ngon ngir hudng dan mgt each rieng le Moi quan he Thdi gian giao due ngon ngu cho tre vdi cac mon 6Mqc lien hanh rieng biet hoc khac Tre CO kha nang dgc, giai ma chinh xac l/u diem Dat hieu qua cao viec day dgc, viel cho tre dii cho tre thilu kinh nghiem dgc viet Cau chuyen -» cau - » t i r - * chu cai - ^ am vi B6n kT nang nghe, ndi, dgc, viet duge hpe mot each tir KT nang dgc vilt dupc hudng dan tich hpp Hudng dh\ tich hpp vdi tat ca cac bp mon khac Tre cd himg thii vdi viec dpc, viet Dat hieu qua viec khoi gpi dpng eo dgc, viet eiia tre giiip tre hieu y nghTa ngi dung dgc Ngudn: fl4] Ngoai each tilp can giao due ngon ngii trgn ven co each tilp can kinh nghiem ngon ngu, each tilp can van hgc Cach tiep can kinh nghiem ngon ngii sir dung phuang phap noi -^ ghi chep -> dgc, nic la giao vien cho tre noi dieu ma tre CO kinh nghiem n^ac do, sau do, co ghi chep lai ngi dung tre noi hoac co thi cho a-e tu vilt ngi dung tre noi bing hinh ve hay hlnh thiic hiong tu chii vilt va cho tre dgc lai ngi dung ghi chep Qua trinh giiip tre co himg thu vai hoat dgng dgc, viet Tac pham van hgc la mgt nhitag tai lieu dugc sir dung each tiep c$n giao due trgn ven Theo do, each tiep can van hgc dugc dcri Sir dung van hgc nhim phat d-iln-ngon ngii cho tre la phuong phap huong din chinh theo each tiep can van hgc Kinh nghiem cua tre CO dugc thong qua tac phim van hgc se giup tre hgc each hlnh va thi hien y nghia Cac nha nghien cim da chiing minh ring tir nho, viec bl me thuong xuyen dgc sach cho tre nghe se giiip tre phat trien nang luc dgc, viet ct truong thong Ngoai ra, thong qua tac pham van hgc, tre em dugc tiep xuc vai cac linh vuc phong phu nhu toan, khoa hgc, xa hgi, dao diic, am nhac, dieu giiip lam giau kiln thire, kinh nghiem cho tre Tac pham van hgc dugc sir dung nhu la mgt phuong tien huang dan dgc, viet va cac linh vuc khac, nhien, muc dich Ion nhit cua each tilp can van hoc la giup tre hilu va himg thu vol tac pham van hgc Su yeu thich sach va thai dp tich cue dli vol sach dugc hinh thong qua sinh boat hang Nguoi lan cho tre dgc sach cimg vai nguoi Icm, da quen thuoc vol ngi dung ciia sach, tre s« kit nli vol chti Viet sach, tir do, tre hilu mil quan TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM he tuong img giiia Idi ndi va chu: viet va ITnh hpi tir y nghTa cua in phim Ngoai ra, nlu nhu ngon ngQ noi 1^ ngdn ngCr mang tinh ngir canh vi phai phu thupc vao tinh huong ciia ngudi ndi va nguoi nghe tbi chir viet lai la ngdn ngir mang tinh phi ngir canh Tre cd the ITnh hgi ngon ngii phi ngu canh nhd vao kinh nghiem dpc sach ciia minh Z/.i Cach tiep edn ngon ngir cdn bdng (balanced language approach) a) Khdi niem vd boi canh ddi Vao nhiing nam 1990, cac y kien tranh cai ve hieu qua cua each tiep can giao due ngon ngii loan the xay cang gay git Hg cho rang nang lue dpc cua iil.ung tre dupc hudng dan theo each tiep can trpn ven bi tut hau hon so vdi nhiing tre khac hgc chti d trudng thong Dpc bao gom bai qua trinh la dpc va giai ma (decode: chuyen chii viet sang am thanh) va dgc hieu (comprehension: nam y nghTa cua van ban) Cach tiep can trgng lam phat am hay cdn ggi la each tiep can trgng tam giai ma (code Tran Nguyin Nguyen Han emphasis approach) nh4n manh qua trinh dpc va giai ma, each tilp can trgng tam y nghia nhan manh qua trinh dgc hilu Nlu chi Sli dung each tilp can trgn ven tre se gap kho khan viec hgc chti d trudng thong Dk tre cd thi dgc troi chay va nhan dien tir (word recognhion) trudng mim non can hudng din true tilp va CO he thdng cho tre nang luc nhan thirc am van kien thiic ve nguyen am, phu am, kien thiic vl moi quan he gitia am Idi noi va chir vilt [I], [2], [3] Cac kT nang co ban cua viec dgc khong the giiip tre trd nen dpc t6t hoan toan nhung neu khong co kT nang eo ban, tre khong the dpc mgt each troi chay De tre cd the dpc tot, giao vien can hudng dan phoi hpp phucmg phap hieu y nghTa ngii canh trpn ven vdi cac kT nang co ban can Ihiet cho viec giai ma chii viet De phoi hpp each tilp can trpng tam phat am va each tilp can giao due ngdn ngu trpn ven viee phat trien ngon ngii cho Ire, each tiep can can bang dupc ddi Cach ticp c^n tam phat am (phonetic language approach) Cach tiep can can bang (balanced approach) Day tre Iam quen chii vilt bat dau tir viec hudng ddn tryc lilp kT nang dgc (nhan thuc ve nguyen am, phu am, moi quan h? tuong iing giira am ldi noi va chir vilt) Day tre lam quen chii viet bang each tao co hpi cho tre kham pha chii vilt tinh huong ed y nghTa doi vdi tre, dong thdi hudng dan true tiep kl nang dpc can thiet cho tre Cach tiep can giao due ngon ngu* tron ven (whole language approach) Day tre lam quen chii viet bat dSu bang viec cho tre kham pha chii vilt tinh hulng co y nghia doi vdi tre 173 Tu" lieu tham khao Phucmg phap Holdway (1979) [8] va Mooney (1990) [10] dl xudt, dupc tiln hanh bang each ket hgp (electic or combination) hai hda cac phuang phap hudng dan tre Iam quen chii vilt, bao gdm phuong phap trpng tam phat am phucmg phap phat trien ngon ngu theo each tiep can trpn ven Cach tilp can can bang doi hdi dira tre phai dupe trang bi kiln thiic phong phii vl hpc dgc nhu nang Iuc nhan dien tir, nang lyc hilu va phan tich y nghTa, hiing thu vdi sach.[5] b) Phu-ffng phdp hw&ng ddn Cach tiep can can bang dinh hudng giao due theo ca nhan hoa nen vai trd cOa giao vien rat quan trpng Giao vien phai nam ro trinh dp phat trien ngdn ngu, tu duy, hoan canh gia dinh de tim phuong phap phdi hpp phu hpp cho ca nhan tre Nguyen tac hudng dan ciia each tiep can can bang la tir toan the din bp phan Giao vien bat dau cho tre hilu y nghTa toan the trude roi sau mdi hudng dan cac kT nang dpc, vilt, thai do, hanh ddng sau [4] Thong qua boat ddng dgc, viet cimg vdi tai lieu dpc, viet cd y nghia vdi tre giao vien se tiln hanh hudng dan true tilp va cu the kiln thiic am van, kT nang giai ma tir [9], [13] Strickland (1989) va Fowler (1998) de xuat phuong phap "loan thi-bd phantoan the) Dau tien, giao vien trinh bay tai lieu dpc \a cho tre tro chuyen vl y nghTa ciia nd (loan the), ke tilp, cd hudng din mdt each chinh xac kT nang co ban cua viee dpc (bp phan), sau do, co danh thdi gian de tre hieu y nghTa mgt ISn nira (toan the) Tuong ty, Jo Jong Suk & Kim Un Sd 11(77) ndm 2015 Sim (2003) trinh bay phucmg phap "y nghTa - phat am - y nghia" nhu sau: CJ giai doan 1, giao vien cho tre quan sat cau hay tir don gian cd kem theo tranh minh hga, ke tiep, cd dgc to tir va yeu cau tre dpc theo cd Liic nay, cd hudng sy chu y cua tre den y nghTa eiia tir (chii) hon la ban than chii giai doan 2, co vira tri phuong phap trpng tam y nghTa, dong thdi hudng dan tre phat am tir chinh xac Giai doan giao vien can luu y hudng dan tre nhan mat chu cai, cac net chii, phan biet each phat am ciia am vi Ci giai doan 3, co quay lai phucmg phap hudng dan trgng tam y nghTa [14] Quan diem co ban ciia Hiep hgi dpc qudc le (Intenational Reading Assocoation) cho rang neu giao vien chi Sli dung hoac phuang phap hudng dan kT nang tien dpc thi khdng the nao hudng dan hieu qua cho tat ca tre dupc Thay vao do, giao vien phai nam viing cac phuang phap hudng dan dpc phong phli va dac trung ciia ngudi hgc de tim phuang phap hudng din dgc phdi hpp phil hpp vdi ngudi hgc [11] De thuc hien tdt each tiep can can bang, giao vien khong nhiing phai hieu ro uu - khuyet diem cda each tiep can trpng tam phat am va each tiep can giao due ngdn ngii trpn ven ma cdn phai luu y din hiing thu, nhu cau, dac trung phat trien cua tre Giao vien cd the td chiic trd choi ngdn ngu nhu: "ndi tilp tir", "ndi tir bat dlu (kit thiic) cd cung chti cai" cd tac dung giiip tre the hien su quan tam din cdu tao am Ihanh ciia tir, ddng thdi, phat triln nhan thue vl chir Ddi vdi Ire bilt ro cac kT nang can thilt cho viec dpc, vilt nhung TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM khong cd hirng thii vdi boat dgng dgc, viet, giao vien can phai hudng dan tre theo each tiep can giao due ngdn ngii trgn ven Ngupc lai, ddi vdi nhtrng tre himg thu dpc, viet va thudng xuyen thye hien boat dpng dgc, viet nhung tre phat am tir chua chinh xac hay nang luc nhan mat chii ban che, giao vien nen tiln hanh hudng dan tre theo phuang phap cd he ihong, bai ban [15] Cach tiep can can bang lay each tiep can Irpn ven lam nen tang de day nhirng kT nang can thiet cho viec hpc dpc nhu kha nang nhan ihiic am van, biet ehCr cai diing de ghi am am vi biet mdi quan Tran Nguyen Nguyen Hdn he hrang iing d6i gitra am ldi ndi va chii vilt Vi thi, giao vien cd thi sir dung hau hit cac phuong phap hudng dan dupe su dung d each tilp can trgn ven nhu: dpc to, dpc ciing nhau, dgc mdt minh, giao vien viet cho tre vilt cimg vdi tre tre viet mot minh Khdng nhiing thi, giao vien dpc cho tre nghe nhilu dn phdm ed kha nang du doan, bai tho, ddng dao cd van dieu de tre chii y din vdn dieu, hudng dan mdi quan he tucmg ung gitra am Idi noi va chii viet cho tre hieu 2.2 Hogt dong hudng ddn tre ldm quen ehd' viet theo cdeh tiip can ngon ngir can bang 2.2.1 Hir&ngddn tre ldm quen chu viet thdng qua tdc phdm vdn hoc Sach trnnh Qua bail tien Ba chil heo Kuri va Kiira lam banh Hoat dong giup tre hieu y nghta Noi tir suy luan giai thich - Nhd ten nhan vgt - Noi sir khac biet ve hanh dgng cua em be va l3o nliji giau - Tim hieu nguyen nhan lao nh.i giau bj ran rit cin chit Noi tir, giai quyet van de - Tim hieu vat lieu lam nha ciia ba anh em nha heo - Tim hieu tinh each cua ba chu heo - Tim hieu li soi khong vao nha dugc nhii cua heo ut Noi phiroTig an giai quyet phong phu, danh gia - Phuang phap mang qua tning ve nha cua Kuri va Kura va li that bai - Lam each nao de mang chao, nap va lam v5 Iriing Noi diing ng& phap - Sang tac tho "Ten chimg ta la Kuri va Kura" Hoat dong huong dan kT nang doc Nhan thuc am van, hieu moi quan he giCra chu va am tiet - Tim va dge tir chi ten nhan vat sach - Tim tir bat dau bang ehu cai co ten ciia cac nhan vat truyen Nhan thuc am van, hieu moi quan h? giua am vj va chii cai - Nghe va nhan biet diem gilng nhffu va khac giua cac tu co each phat am giong - Ghep the chii cai rdi tir va dpc tu Nhan thirc am, moi quan he giira chEr cai va am vi, ten ciia chii' cai - Tim dilm khac ten cua Ku Ri va Ku Ra - Viet phu am khac thay cho "k" (vi du: Mori va Mora) - Tim tir co am "i, a" 175 Sd 11(77) ndm Tir lieu tham khao 2.2.2 Hircmg ddn tre ldm quen chir viet sinh hoat hdng ngdy Tao ca hdi cho tre tim chir viet quen thupc nhu ten cac ban, biln quang cao, ten banh keo Ddu tien, cho tre nhin hinh va noi ten ban, sau do, cd cho tre chi vao timg tieng de dgc Cho tre nhin tranh sach bao, tap chi va ndi ten san pham, sau do, cho tre tim chii quen thuge va chfl- cd ten ciia minh sach bao, tap chi Giao vien viet san ten tre bang chti rdng cd kich thudc to sau do, eho tre td mau ten ciia minh de tre nhan biel ten cua minh va quan tam den chii viet ten ciia minh Sau do, cd cho tre tim chtr cai ten eiia cac ban gidng vdi chtr cai Irong ten cua minh Sau do, cd cho tre dat cau cd tir chi ten cac ban Idp Cbo tre gpi ten cac bd phan tren khudn mat, cd viet lai ldi tre noi Sau do, cd hudng dan tre nhan bilt chii cai m cac tir va hudng dan each phat am Sau dd, cd cho tre dat cau eo tir chi ten cac bd phan tren khudn mat 2015 Cd cho h-e dpc bai t h a "'Tay dep", h u d n g d i n tre nhan bilt, each phat am chir cai t va nhan b i l t cac k i l u chir t khac bai tha Sau dd, giao vien cho tre tim cac tir cd chiia am t K e t luan Muc dich cudi ciing cda day dgc, vilt la tre nhan dien nhanh, dpc trdi chay tir, cd su tu tin va thai tich cue ve dge, vilt, ed the thyc hien dpc, viet mdt each ddc lap, ly De thuc hien d u a c dieu nay, cdng tac chuan bi cho tre hpc dgc, vilt d trudng mam non la rat can thiet LTU diem ciia each tiep can ngdn ngti can bang la giao vien day tre lam quen chir viet bang each tao co hdi cho tre kham pha chir viet tinh hudng cd y nghTa ddi vdi tre, ddng thdi co the hudng dan true tiep kT nang dpc, viet can thiet cho tre N h d su ket hop hai hda cac phuang phap hudng dan dgc, viet ma kien thuc ve chtr viet cua tre dupc hinh mdt each ty nhien, giup tre phat trien toan dien cac kT nang ngdn ngii de chuan hi cho boat ddng hpc d bac phd thdng TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Tieng Anh Adams, M J (1990), Beginning Cambridge, MA: MIT Press to read: Thinking and learning about print Bus, A G & Van Ijzendoom, M H (1999), "Phonological awareness and early reading: A meta-analysis of experimental training studies" Journal of Educational Psychology 91(3), 403-414 Byrne, B., & Fielding-Bamsley, R (1993), "Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1-years follow up" Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(1), 104-111 Harris P J (2001) Language arts: process product, and assessment f3rd M ^ MP.« York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education '' 176 TAP CHf KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trdn Nguyin Nguyen Han Fitzgerald, J (1999), "What is this thing called 'balanced'"? The Reading Teacher 53(2), 100-107 Fowler, D (1998), "Balanced Leadership 55(6), I l-n Goodman, Y M (1986), "Children coming to know literacy" In W Teale & Sulzby (Eds.), Emergent literacy: Writing and reading Norwoods, NJ: Ablex Publishing Company, 1-14 Holdaway, D (1979), The Foundations of literacy Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Lapp, D., & Flood, J (1997), "Where's the phonics? Making the case for integrated code instruction", Reading Teacher, 50(8), 96-98 Mooney, M (1990),/?efl£//«gro, with, and by children New York: Ashton Scholastic Morrow, L M (2001), Literacy development in the early years: Helping chilren reading and write, Needham Heighs, MA: AUyn and Bacon Strickland D S (1989), "A Model for Change: Framework for an Emergent Literacy Curriculum", In Strickland & Morrow, Emerging Literacy: Young Children Learn to Read and Write IRA Ukrainetz, T A., Cooney^ M H., Dyer S K., Kysar, A J., & Harris, T.J (2000), "An ivestigation into Teaching Phonemic Awareness through shared reading and writing", Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 15(3), 331-355 Tieng Han Jo Jong Suk, Kim Un Sim (2003), Hirdng ddn kT ndng ngon ngU cho ire mam non, Nxb Jong Min Sa Lee Ji Hyong (2013), Gido due ngdn ngu eho tre mdm non, Nxb Knowledge Community 10 11 12 13 14 15 reading instruction in practice", Educational (Ngiy Tda soan nh$n ducfc bai: 01-6-2015; phin bien dgc, nic la giao vien cho tre noi dieu ma tre CO kinh nghiem n^ac do,... tre hgc sii dung ngon ngir mot each tir sinh hoal hang ngiiy dem Iai hieu qua Idn ddi vdi qua trinh ITnh hdi ngdn ngO cua Ire Quan diem mdi cua Rosenblatt ve hpc dpc cung anh budng den each tiep