Tap cH Khoa hpcDHQGH N, Nghier u Giao due, Tap 29, So 2 (2013) 50 55 TRAO DOI PISA va nhung bai hgc rut ra cho giao due Viet Nam Nguyen Thi Phucmg Hoa Tnrang Dgi hgc Ngogi ngit Dgi hgc Quoc gig Hd Ngi[.]
Tap cH Khoa hpcDHQGH.N, Nghier u Giao due, Tap 29, So (2013) 50-55 TRAO D O I PISA va nhung bai hgc rut cho giao due Viet Nam Nguyen Thi Phucmg Hoa Tnrang Dgi hgc Ngogi ngit - Dgi hgc Quoc gig Hd Ngi Du&ng Phgm Vdn Ddng, Cdu Gidy, Hd Ngi, Vi^t Nam Nhan ngiy 12 thing 06 niim 2013 Chinh sua 21 thing nam 2013: chip nhgn dSng 04 thing 12 nam 2013 Tdm tiit: Bii bao gidi thi^u khai quit ve PISA, dy in nghien cinj so sinh giao due quoc ti Idn nhit tir tmdc den \ i lic dpng cua PISA din he thong giao dye cac nude, tir phan tich nhirng co hpi vi nhiing bii hpc cho giao dye Vi?t Nam tham gia PISA, nhu: - Hieu v i tiip can dupc cac chuan quoc te ve giao due, - Hpc hoi dupc kinh nghiem giao due ciia cac nude da dat dupc nhung tich cao qua cic ki PISA: - Tren co sd hpc hoi kinh nghiem dinh gia giio due ciia PISA mi xay dyng dupc cho ViSt Nam mpt he thong danh gii rieng: - Tham gia vao moi quan h? hpp tac quoc te ve giao dye T&iAwr: PISA, nghien ci h? th6ng dinh gia sanh giio due quoc IS he Ihong giio dye, chuan quoc ti v i giio dye I Vai net khai quat ve PISA PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment - chuang trinh danh gia hpc sinh quoc te) ia dy an nghien cuu so sanh, danh gia chat lupng giao due Idn nhit tren thi gidi tir trudc d i n Du an PISA dupc th\rc hien nhim muc dich kiem tra danh gia va so sanh trinh dp hpc sinh d dp tuoi 15 giira cac nude kh6i OECD (T6 chirc Hpp tac va Phat trien Kinh te) va cac nude khac tren thi gidi mdi nude, s6 lupng hpc sinh tham gia vao dy chuang trinh danh gia dao dpng tir 4500 'DT-84-912238484 Email nthiphuonghoa^gmail com d i n 10.000 hpc sinh PISA danh gia hpc sinh a giai doan chuan bi ket thiic thdi gian hpc tap bit bupc v i nhiing kiin thiic va ki nang khong chi can thiet cho moi ca nhan viec song va lam vi?c xa hpi ma quan trpng cho sir phdt trien ciia m6i qu6c gia v i mat xa hpi, chfnh tri va kinh t i , tdp trung vio bdn mang nang luc chinh: Khoa hoc; Dpc hiiu; Toin hpc va N i n g lire giai quyet via d i (Nang lire giai quyit van d i dupc dua vao Mi PISA 2003) PISA 2000 dSt trpng tam npi dung dpc hiiu PISA 2003 dat trpng tam la Toan hpc, dua cac tinh huong thuc t i doi hdi kha ning tinh loan Trong tam cua PISA 2006 la Khoa hpc tu nhien va cua 2009 la Nang lire giai quyit N.T P Hoa I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN N^iei V Gido due Tap 29 So (2013) 50-55 van di Nhiing kit qua cua PISA ciing chira dung nhOng thong tin ve mdi lien he giiia nang luc cua hpc sinh vi nhiing nhan 16 xa hpi va nen van hda, hoin canh gia dmh va moi trudng hpc tap Diem khac biet khiin PISA duac xem la im viel hon cac chuang trinh danh gia chit lupng hpc sinh khac d tinh toan cau va su dinh ki ciia no (3 nam mot Ian) So luang cac nude (dac bi?t la cac nuoc khong thupc OECD) tham gia PISA qua cac ki ting len r5 ret: PISA 2000 cd 43 nude tham gia (trong co 14 nude khdng thupc khoi OECD), vao nim 2003, tdng s6 cac nude tham gia PISA chi 41 (co 10 nude khong thupc khdi OECD), din PISA 2006 so nirdc tham gia len den 57 (trong co 27 nude khong thupc khdi OECD) va din PISA 2009 cd tdi 65 nude tham gia (so nude khong thupc OECD Ien den 33) Dieu dd chiing to cimg cd nhieu quoc gia nhan thiic dupc y nghia cua PISA vi quyet dinh tham gia de thdng qua CO dugc cai nhin diing din ve nhihig mat manh, yeu ciia h? thdng giao dye nuac minh va rut dupc nhiing bai hpc cai to can thiet Dupc td chirc dinh ki, cac ket qua PISA dupc su dung nhu mdt su theo ddi lien tuc ciia vi^c quan li td chiic cac he thong giio due PISA cung cap cho chinh phii cic nude tham gia du an nhirng kit qua mang tinh thuc nghiem giiip hp dinh hudng, dieu chinh cac van de thupc he thdng giao due tren ca sd dir lieu mang quy mo Idn va dang tin cay PISA kiem tra, danh gia sy chuan bj ciia nha tnrdng danh cho hoc sinh de budc vao xa hdi tri thiic ndi each khac la kha nang thich nghi cua hpc sinh doi vdi nhirng thach thirc ciia xS hdi tri thiic Cupc diiu tra danh gia hpc sinh d giai doan chuin bj ket thiic thdi gian hoc tap bit bupc vi kiin thiic va kT ning can thiet cho viec sdng va lam viec xa hpi, tap irung vao ba mang ky nSng: Khoa hoc Dpc hieu va Toan hpc PISA t^p trung vao nhumg nSng lyc ca ban va mang tfnh trung tam, nhting nang lyc kh6ng chi quan trpng cho viec hoc tap va ddi song ciia moi ca nhan ma cdn quan trpng cho su phat trien ve m^t x3 hpi, chinh tri va kinh ti Nhiing kit qua nit tir PISA ciing bao gfim thong tin vi mdi Hen he giiia nang lire ciia hpc sinh va nhiing nhan to x3 hpi va nen vin hda, ciing nhu mdi trudng hpc tap Tuy PISA khdng chi mdt cich cu the cho cac nude biet hp can quan li to chirc he thdng trudng hpc the nao nhung nhiing dir lieu thu thap dupc tu PISA chi cong ciia nen giao due mot so nude vi nhitng thach thirc ma nen giao due mpt so nude khac gap phai N6 cho phep cac nude so sinh nhiing mo hinh tdt nhat va tir dd phat trien, cii each he thong giao due cita hp [1 ] C^c ITnh vyc dinh gid ciia PISA Nhu tren da noi, PISA tap trung danh gia vao bdn mang ning luc chinh: Khoa hpc; Dpc hieu, Toin hpc va Ning lyc giii quyet van de * Nang lyc toin hpc La ning nh$n biet vai tro ciia Toan hpc ddi song, dua nhilTig nhin dinh c6 ca sd viing chic va sir dung Toan hpc de phuc vu ddi song vdi tu cich la mpt cong dan guong mau tien tien, mong mudn xay dyng va ddng gop CO ich cho xa hpi Ning luc Toan hpc the hien d kha ning phan tich, suy luan va trao doi dip an cua hpc sinh cac em dua mpt bii toan va giii quyet no Iheo cich toi uu nhat * Nang lyc dpc hieu Li kha nang hilu, sir dung va cam nhan nhihig van bin viet nham dat dupc nhiing muc tieu cupc song, md mang kien thirc va tiim nang de cong hien cho x3 hpi Nang luc dpc hieu PISA dupc danh gia sau hem bing viec dua mpt tieu chi mdi, mang tinh chii dpng han la hpc sinh khdng chi cin N.T.P Hoa I Tap chi Khoa lioc DHQGHN, Nghien cuu Gido ditc Tdp 29 So (2013) 50^55 hieu bai dpc ma cdn can phii neu cam nhan vi bai dpc ay * Nang lyc khoa hoc La kha nang sir dung nhirng kien thiic khoa hoc, phan tich cau hoi va rut nhiing kit luan hpp li CO ca sd nhim dua nhiing quylt dinh diing dan ve the gidi ty nhien va nhung thay ddi ngudi nen tao ddi vdi thi gidi tu nhien, * Nang lyc giai quyet van de Li kha ning nhan biet vi giai quyit cac tinh huong that cupc sdng thong qua qua trinh nhan thirc Dd Ii cac tinh huong khong cd mpt each giii quyet dan gian rfi rang nao vi giai phip ciia chiing yeu cau iing dung ea ba nang lire Toan hpc, Dpc vi Khoa hpc T&c dpng cua PISA den bf thong giio due eae nude Ddi vdi hau het cac quoc gia tren thi gidi, sy cong b6 kit qua khao sat cua PISA lin diu tien (2000) dupc xem nhu "mpt su canh tinh thd bao" ve thyc trang nen giio due cic nude tham gia PISA Trudc PISA chua cd mpt cupc diiu tra nio so sanh yinh dp hpc sinh giiia cac nude, bdi the khong it qudc gia da nga ngang ve ket qui danh gia trinh dp hpc sinh ciia nude minh, die bi?t Ii moi tuong quan vdi cac Mm 2000 2003 2006 nude khic Nhieu cudng qudc Idn nhu Anh Phap, MJ, Dire xua van rat tu hao cho rang nen giao due ciia minh la uu viet nhat, la nai sin sinh nhiing nhan tai, cac nha bac hpc Dac biet, nen giao due eiia Diic - timg duac xem la niem ty hao chau Au, la nai sin sinh cac vi nhan mpi thdi dai, nhung ket qua yeu kem sau hai lan dieu tra (dimg dudi mirc trung binh OECD) da khien toin xa hpi diing trudc tinh trgng "ty van" Ket qua khio sat qua cac ki PISA cho thiy sy tien bp rd ret ciia hpc sinh cac nude Kit qua nam 2006 cho thay hpc sinh Han Qu6c di nang duac s6 diem dat dupc mon dpc len 31 diem vong mot nim chi bing cich tap trung phat trien cac mui nhpn Trong ciing khoang thdi gian do, hpc sinh Ba Lan cung nang duac tich ciia minh mon dpc len 29 diem Hpc sinh cac nude Mexico va Hy Lap lgi c6 dupc nhirng su tiin bp hit sire dang ke mon Toan Tuy nhien, nhin chung kit qua hpc tap ciia hpc sinh cac nude khdi OECD khong may thay doi nhiing nam gin day mac dii khoan tiin diu tu cho giio due cua cac nude di tang khoang 39% tir nam 1995 den nim 2004 [2] Ndi vi anh hudng ciia PISA d6i vdi h^ thdng giao due cac nude khong thi khong ki den tic dpng ddi vdi giao due nude Due [3] Ket qua cua nu*c Dire qua cic ki PISA (diem so va so thii tir xeo han?) Toan Khoah9ctirnhi€n Dqc 490(19) 487(20) 484(21) 503(16) 502(15) 491(18) 504(20) 516(13) 495(18) Co the n6i nude Diic da cd ket qua kha tdi t? d ki PISA 2000 Ca kl ning Toin va Khoa hpc ty nhien va Doc hieu diu d^t miic thap hem miix: trung binh OECD, die biet ki nang Dpc hiiu cua hpc sinh Diic kem xa miic diim bimg binh ciia cic nude OECD Trong dd, tat ca eac nude Tay Au (ngo^i tru Lich-ten-xten va Lucxem-bua) deu cd ket qua cao han miic trung binh Phan Lan dat kit qua cao nhit d mon Dpc hiiu, tiep din la Canada, Niu Di Lan va Uc N TP.Hoa/ Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN N^ien ciru Gido due Tap 29 So'2 (2013) 50-55 - Sy chenh lfch v i trinh gi&a cac hoc sinh d Diic l i k h i Idn: Trong sd eac qu6c gia tham gia Dire cung la nude cd su chenh lech Idn nhat ve trinh dp giira nhiing hpc sinh dat diem cao nhat va nhiing hpc sinh dat diem t h i p nhit - Hpc sinh Dire dac biet kem cac bai t|ip ddi hdi su tu danh gia Trinh dp ciia hpc sinh cOng rat khac Ket qua ciia nude Diic khdng dupc eao vi bj diem cua cac hpe sinh yeu kem keo xuong Due, I3Vo hpc sinh nam khung diem kem nhat \ a gan 10% t h i m chi cdn khdng dat ndi muc Dieu chi tang gan % sd hpc sinh Diic chi co the doe d miic dp sa dang (ti le trung binh cua OECD la 18%) Nhirng hpc sinh ciing dupc coi la hoan toan khdng co kha nang tu hpe suot ddi O nhiing nude nhu Han Qudc, Phin Lan, Canada, Uc \ a Thuy Dien ti le na\ chi d khoang 15%, thap han nhieu so vdi nude Dire Nira 2003, Diic cd tiin bd han nim 2000 nhung khong cai thien dang ke Nam 2000, \ e tong the Dire diing thir 25 32 (neu tinh ca cac nude khong thupc OECD) xep dudi miic trung binh d tat ca cac mdn diing thii 21'27 nude OECD v i Dpc hiiu 19 27 v i Toan, 20 27 v i Khoa hpc Nam 2003, Due dung 16/30 \ e Toan 18/30 ve Dpc hiiu, 15/30 v i Khoa hpc va 15'30 v i Giai quyet tinh huong T h i nhung sang den PISA nam 2006 lan d i u tien hpc sinh Diic d3 dat ket qui cao han miic trung binh c i c nude OECD (trir kl nang Dpc hiiu) Trong mon khoa hpc ket q u i ciia hpc sinh Diic da vuat qua miic trung binh cua 57 nude tham gia Cac n h i hoach dinh chinh saeh giao due coi day la mpt thinh cdng Idn Tuy nhien cac mdn nhu Doc hieu \ a Toan hpc, hpc sinh Diie khdng cd tien bd dang ke so vdi PISA 2000 va PISA 2003 Bp trudng Bp Giao due Lien bang Annette Schavan va Trudng Hpi dong cac Bd trudng G i i o due \ a Vin hoa ciia Diic, Jiugen Zollner da nh^n xet kha lac quan ve ket qua PISA 2006: "Chdng fa dang di dung dudng nhung khdng dugc phep ngu quen chien thdng" "Chung ta dd nam trgng top 10, tm' nhien vdn chua phdi Id ngu&i diing ddu" Heino von Mej'er Giam doc Trung tam OECD tai Berlin nhin xet v i kit qua dat dupc d linh MSC Khoa hpc Trong 30 nude OECD tham gia, Diic diing thii Diem sd cua hpc sinh nam va hpc sinh nii la kha ddng diu Tdm lai, ket qua cua hpc sinh Diic qua ki PISA da giup Dire dua nhiing cai each quyit liet v i ddng bp: - Bp Giao due cam ket dira giao due Dire v i o top nude diing d i u OECD sau 10 nim Xudc Dice se chuyen tir he thong sang Ipc hpc sinh theo cap sang he th6ng giio due toan dien (comprehensive schooling) nhu ciia Phan Lan Nam 2002 chinh phii Diic d i dinh mdt khoin ngan saeh ti Euro eho eac bang de \i> mdi 10.000 trudng hpc toin dien tir 2002-2006 - Ting ngan saeh cho giio due: tijr 19982002 ngan sich ehi cho giao due tang % va ngan saeh giao due va nghien ciiu se tang tir 5.3" len 6" D GDP bit d i u tir nam 2010 - Tir nam 2001, Diic lap mdt c a quan dpc lap de xa>' dyng c i c tieu chuan danh gia yinh dp eiia hpc sinh ap dung chung cho toan qudc (thdng qua thing 12.2003) Bp tieu chuan danh gia chung (ap dung thi diem rir nim 20042005) dua nhihig tieu chi cu the danh gia trinh dp tdi thieu cua hpc sinh d timg tudi ve tit ca cac mdn hpe \ di muc dich can bing trinh dp hpc sinh giiia cac bang, nhien quyen ty chii cua eac bang, eac trudng ffong viec xay dung chuang trinh, lua chpn saeh giao khoa, phuang phap day hpc van dupe ton trpng Them niia Diic ciing lap mdt u\ ban gom cac chu> en gia giao due hang dau de giam sat chit lupng giio due tren ca nude N.T.P Hoa I Top ehi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghieii ciiu Gido due Tgp 29 So (2013) 50-55 N h u n g bai hpc r u t cbo Viet Nam tham gia PISA - Tren ca sd hpc hdi kinh nghiem danh g i i giao dye ciia PISA ma xay dyng dugc cho Viet Nam mpt he thong dinh gia rieng; Mdt thyc ti hiin nhien da dupc chung minh tren toan cau, la dau t u cho giio due la mot nhting dau tu quan trpng nhat de mdi qudc gia cd dupc mpt tuang lai tot dep hem ve xa hpi cung nhu kinh t i Viet Nam tuang quan vdi cac qudc gia khic thupc di^n nude ngheo Co mpt nguyen tac d i e bi|t cd gii tri doi vdi nhung ngudi ngheo, vdi sy eo h?p ve cic diiu ki|n tai chinh, cd Vi?t Nam, la: c i n g CO it tien thi vi^c sir diing dong tien lai cang p h i i than trpng horn v i c i c van de g3p phai c i n g Idn thi cac pbirang i n giai quyit lai c i n g phai c6 mijc dieh ro rang ban Do do, viee tham gia timg phan hoic toan phan (it nhit Cling li d tam trung han) vao cie nghien ciiu ciia OECD khdng chi giup "bit mach" cho nin giao dye Viet Nam, danh gii so sinh chat lupng giio dye Vi?t Nam mdi tuang quan vdi cac nin giao due khac tren the gidi, ma mang lgi cho Viet Nam nhiing Ipi ich quy bau khic, vi du nhu giiip Viet Nam: - Tham gia vao mdi quan he hop t i c qudc te ve giao due; - Hieu v i tiip can dupc cac chuan quoc te v i giio due; PISA d i xay dyng va i p dung nhuTig chuan quoc le nghien ciiu thyc nghi|m ve giao due Cac quoc gia tham gia PISA se c6 dieu ki^n hpc hdi dupc nhiing kien thiic ciing nhu kinh nghiem quoc ti va tir phit trien tiep tuc tiiy theo nhu cau ve phat trien ciing nhu danh gia giao due eua nude minh Hi|n da cd khong it nude ap dung phuang phip ciing nhu chuan danh gia ciia PISA vao qua trinh khio sat, danh gia so sanh chit lupng giio due giiia cae vimg mien hay giiia cac bang nude minh - Hpc hdi duac kinh nghiem giao dye ciia cac nude da dgt duac nhiing tich cao qua cae ki PISA: - Tham gia vao cupc canh tranh quoc te ve giao due nham cd dupc nhiing tich cao han, trudc hit la hpc hdi ciing nhu canh tranh vdi cac nude khu vyc nhu Indonesia Thai Lan Trung Qu6e (Hong Kong, Macao, Dai s i c ) , tiip den la vdi nhirng nude co nhieu net tuang ddng v i van h6a truyen thong, vi du nhu Han Qudc, Nhat Bin Day la nhting nude cd tich kha eao qua cac ki dinh g i i PISA PISA da chi cho thiy r6, cdc nuac co nin giao dye cdn non yeu se cd nhirng ca hpi thuan Ipi de cii thifn nen giao due nude minh tham gia PISA thdng qua vifc quan sat, nghiin ciiu, tim hieu each thiic to chiic giao dye ciia cac nude khac ma hpc hdi, riit kinh nghiem cho rieng minh Cd mpt cau hoi dupc dgt nhu the nay: "Hpc sinh ciia chiing ta khdng k^m han hpc sinh cua cac nude khac vgy tgi lgi cd ket qua hpc tgp tdi han?" V i nhieu c3u tra ldi cho cau hoi chiing ta eo the tim thiy tham gia PISA va hpe hdi nhiing kinh nghiim quy bau khdng chi tir c i c nude cdng ma tir ca cac nude eon ehua cong Tai lieu t h a m khao [1] Nguyin Thj Phucmg Hoa Chuang trinh dinh gii hpc sinh quic ti (PISA): Myc dich, tiin trinh thyc hien, cac kit qua chinh Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN si (2009) [2] http://w-\v-tt.oecd.org/document/22/0,3343.en_264 9_34487_39713238_Ll_l_l,00.html [3] Nguyin Thj Phucmg Hoa Nude Dire vi nhiing bai hpc nit til PISA Tgp chi khoa hpc DHQG, s6 (2010) N TP Hoa I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghieii ciru Gido due Tap 29 So (2013) 50-55 PISA and Its Lesson for Vietnam's Education Nguyen Thi Phirong Hoa VNU Universil)' of Languages and International Studies, Phgm Vdn Dong Street, CduGidy, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract: This article generally presents PISA {Program for Intemational Student Assessment) - a biggest intemational education study and its effect on the educational system of other countries and analyzes the opportunities and such lessons that Vietnam can be leam when participating in PISA, as: - Understanding and getting close to the intemational standards of education - Leaming about the experience of countries that achieved high performance in PISA tests - Building a separate appraisal system in Vietnam based on leaming experience of evaluating education of PISA - Participating in the intemational cooperation and relations in education Keywords; PISA, international education study, education system, intemational standards of education, appraisal system 55 ... performance in PISA tests - Building a separate appraisal system in Vietnam based on leaming experience of evaluating education of PISA - Participating in the intemational cooperation and relations... tra (dimg dudi mirc trung binh OECD) da khien toin xa hpi diing trudc tinh trgng "ty van" Ket qua khio sat qua cac ki PISA cho thiy sy tien bp rd ret ciia hpc sinh cac nude Kit qua nam 2006 cho. .. (2013) 50-55 N h u n g bai hpc r u t cbo Viet Nam tham gia PISA - Tren ca sd hpc hdi kinh nghiem danh g i i giao dye ciia PISA ma xay dyng dugc cho Viet Nam mpt he thong dinh gia rieng; Mdt thyc