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Tai lieu tham khao 1 Nick Dowling (2013) Review of Literature and Data Collection Relavant to APEC Skills Mapping Project 2 Robyn Iredale Phillip Toner, Tim Turpin and Manuel Femandez Esquinas (2014),[.]
Tai lieu tham khao Nick Dowling (2013) Review of Literature and Data Collection Relavant to APEC Skills Mapping Project Robyn Iredale Phillip Toner, Tim Turpin and Manuel Femandez-Esquinas (2014), Skill Mapping Region Report APEC Skills Mapping Project http://hrd.apec.orgrtndex.php/APEC_Skills_Mapping_Project) improving Connectivity in Asia Pacific Region - Perspectives of the APEC Policy Support Unit, September 2013 - Advancing free Trade for Asia- Pacific Prosperity PHAT TRIEN KY N A N G NGHE CHO NGl/Ol LAO DONG GIAI PHAP QUAN TRONG OE NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH QUOC GIA TS Vu Xuan Hiing Pho Vu trudng Vu Phdp che tra - TCDN Trong nhOng nSm gan dSy, xu the hgi nhap, qua trinh quoc ti hoi san xuit va phan cong lao dgng diSn ngiy cing sau rong Kinh ti tri thirc phit triSn manh, do nhin lyc noi chung, lao ddng ky thuat not rieng cing trd thinh nhan td quyit dinh sy phit triSn cung nhw nang lyc canh tranh cua moi qudc gia Xac dinh vai trd quan trgng eua nhan l y c lao dfing ky thugt ddi v d i s y phat trien va nang lye cgnh tranh qudc gia, Chidn luae phat trien kmh td xa hgi 2011 - 2020, Dang la da xac djnh "Phat trien va nang cao c h i t lugng ngudn nhan luc, nhat la ngudn nhan luc chat luang cao la mot dot pha chi^n \^oc Ai Igi thi canh tranh quan trpng n h i t , bao dam cho phat trien nhanh, hlpu qua va ben vung 'V) Trong Bao cao phat tridn Viet Nam nam 2014, Ngan hang Thd gldl (Worl Bank) da nhgn djnh: "Mgt lye lugng lao dfing cd ky nang la chia khda eho cfing chuydn ddi kinh td va xa hgi d Viet Nam", _ /., , , , Tuy nhien hien nay, chat luang n h i n luc noi , ' ul- • ••1 a-' •• Chung, ky nang nghe cua nguai lao dong noi ^' ' " " M • » rieng dang cdn la "diem nghen" can trd s y phat trien, giam sut nang l y c cgnh canh cua qudc gia V i n dd dang trd thach thuc Idn, ddi hdi c i n phai lap trung giai quydl thdi gian tdi _ i , _ „ , , „ * ^- ° " = " " ' ? • " "^ ''^ " = " "' " ^ " = " S " S h e Nang l y c cua ca nhan d u g c danh gia t u nhidu khfa canh khac nhau, dd hai ydu td t h u d n g d u g c n h i n manh la ky nang va thai Ky nang cija ngudi lao ddng la s y thgo, tinh thong vd eae thao tae, dgng tac, nghiep vu qua trinh hoan mpt cdng viec cu thd nao Ky nang giup n q u d l lao dfinq hoan , , ' „^^ i , , ° : , ^ r V tot cong viec, quyet dmh tmh hieu qua , ^ • ^ ' • ^ cua cong viec < V9n kl$n D91 hOi dgi bi^u todn qudc \hn thLr XI, NXB Chfnh tn quoc gia, 2011 NGHieN CD'U TRAO D | Khoa hoc day nghi \ 21 ^' Cd quan niem cho r i n g , ky nang bao gdm: Ky nang cung va ky nang mdm Ky nang cdng la ky nang nghd nghiep - ky nang ky thugl cy the nhu kha nang hgc v i n trinh chuyen mfin cho mdi cdng viec, nganh nghd n h i t dinh va kinh nghifim Ky nang mdm thudng hieu la cae ky nang khfing mang tfnh ky thuat, la kha nang va dac diem c i n eo dd thyc hien chue nang nhu cung c i p thfing tin hoac dich vu tdi khach hang va ddng nghiep, lam viec hieu qua vdi l u each la vien cua nhom, hpc hoac dat di^gc ky nang ky thuat can Ihldl dd thyc hien nhiem vy tao mdm tin ddi vdi ngudi quan ly va ngudi hudng d i n , hidu va thfch nghi vdi nhung quy t i c van hoa tal doanh nghiep Ky nang mdm la thudc hieu qua cao cfing viec Bao eao phat trien Viet Nam nam 2014'^', Worl Bank da chf bp ky nang cua ngudi lao dgng bao gdm: Ky nang nhgn thuc, ky nang xa hgi va hanh vl va ky nang ky Ihual Nhdng ITnh vyc bao gdm cae ky nang cong viec eu the, phu hgp eho eae nganh nghd cy the, cung nhu nang lyc nhan thue va eac to chat ca nhan khac eo y nghTa quydt dinh den e6ng tren thi trudng lao dgng, cy thd: - Cac ky nang nhgn thdc bao gdm Ky nang sij dung l u 16-gic, tryc giac va l u phe phan eung nhu t u giai quydt v i n dd thfing qua eac kidn thuc da co Cac ky nang bao gdm kha nang dpc, vidt va tfnh loan, va m d rong den ea nang lye hidu d u g c cac y l u d n g phdc tap, hgc hdi t u kinh nghiem, va phan tfch v i n dd si> dung cac quy trinh l u Ifi-gfc - Cae ky nang xa hgi va hanh vl bao gdm cac td e h i i ca nhan co t u a n g quan ddn Ihanh cong tren thj trudng lao dfing nhu cdi m d de trai nghiem, tan tam, h u d n g ngoai, bidl each tan dfing va s y dn djnh vd cam xuc - Cac ky nang ky thuat bao gdm s y kheo leo dh s u dung cae e6ng cy, thidt bi phuc tap cho den cac kidn Ihuc cu the llfin quan ddn cfing vlecv^ eac ky nang cac ITnh vuc chuyen ng&nh, nghd cu the (Hinh 1) Hinh M6 hinh qua trinh hinh ky nang T d nhung quan nifim neu tren vd ky nang, co thd hieu ky nang nghd la td hgp cua cac ky nang nhan thdc, ky nang xa hgi, hanh vi va ky nang ky thuat Do vgy, viec phat tridn ky nang nghe eua ngudi lao ddng khong ehi quan tam Idl ky nang ky thuat ma cdn phai tidp tuc hoan Ihlpn, phat tridn cae ky nang nhdn thuc, ky nang hanh vl mfii quan he cua kien thuc, ky nang va thai dfi sudt hogt ddng nghd nghiep ' Ngan h^ng Th4 giai (2014) B^o cao phat tri^n Viet Nam 2014 - BSo cSo tSng quan, http //www.worldbank.o, ^'A 22 S6 dac biet thing 10/2014 NGHIEN CCrU TRAO D Anh hu'd'ng cua ky nang nghe t d i nang lyc canh tranh qudc gia Theo "Bao cao nang lyc canh tranh loan c i u 2013 - 2014" (GCI) D l l n dan Kinh td Thd gidi (WEF) cfing bd dau nam 2014, nang lyc canh tranh cua Viet Nam dung t h d 70/148 qudc gia xdp hgng, ndu so vdi nam 2013 thi da lang bac, song van d mat b i n g t h i p , chgm cai thien va t h i p han nhieu qudc gia Irong khu v y c d u g c xdp hgng (Vf dy: Singapore (thu 2), Malaysia (24), Brunei (26), Thai Lan (37), Indonesia (38) va Philippines (59) Cac qudc gia khu v y c Dfing Nam A ed xep hang sau Vidt Nam la L i o (81), Campuchia (88) va Myanmar (139) {^) Bao cao Nang lye eanh tranh loan c i u 2013 - 2014 la kdt qua khao sat nang lyc canh tranh eua cac nen kinh td loan cau, duge WEF tidn hanh khao sat vdi 148 ndn kinh td dya tren bg 12 tieu chi la: (1) The ehe; (2) C a s d t i n g ; (3) Mfii trudng vT mfi; (4) He thdng y td va giao dye phd thdng; (5) Dao tgo va gl^o due dai hgc; (6) Hipu qua cua thj trudng hang hda; (7) Hlpu q u i cCia thj trudng lao dgng; (8) S y phal trien cua thi trudng tai ehinh; (9) Tidp lhu cdng nghg; (10) Quy mo thj trudng; (11) Mdc phat tridn kinh doanh; (12) S y ddi mdi (Hinh 2), Mi>c d$ phat tnen / kmh doanh j Quy mo lh| tnfd'ng / \ / / / \ / \ ^ \ ^ \ ^v \ , Phdt tnln th| tnrong tdi chinh / \ ) / / / Phan tich vd nang lye eanh tranh cac chuyen gia deu cho r i n g , nang suat lao dgng la ydu td trung tam cdt Idl eua nang lyc cgnh tranh Nang s u i t lao dfing la kha nang tgo cac hang hoa va dich vy eo gia trj thdng qua vipc s u dyng cac ngudn luc ngudi, vdn va ngudn lyc t y nhien cua mgt qudc gia va la dgng lyc d i n d i t s y thinh v u g n g ben vung Mfll tru'ong vlmfl ^ \ )^p r / (c^( \ ^ K ^ Ti^pthu cflng ngh# ^v \ Theo danh gia cua WEF, Viet Nam hien chi d u g c xdp vao nhdm nude dang phat tridn d glai doan d i u (factor dnven economy) (3 glai doan nay, 60.% nang lyc canh tranh d u g c quydt djnh bdi sd 12 nhdm chi tieu neu tren la: The chd, C a s d tang, Kinh id vT mfi, Y id, Dao tao va giao due dai hgc Tuy nhidn, chf tieu d u g c coi la ydu kem nhdt eua Viet Nam lai n i m ydu td n6u tren la: C a s d t i n g (thu 82 vdi 3,7 didm), Dao tgo va giao due dgi hgc (thu 95 vdi 3,7 didm) va Tidp thu cfing nghe (thu 102 vdi 3,1 diem) Ba ehf llgu ydu kem ed quan he mat thidt, hdu c a vdi va ngudn gdc sau xa va suy cho eung ddu thugc vd ngudi Va n h u vay, se that la d§ hieu giao due, dao lao ydu kem khdng chi l^m cho chi lieu khac ydu kem, ma cd the lam eho nhidu ydu td khac nda cGng CO the ydu kem h$ thong y te vd gido due ph3 thong eao tgo va gido dye dai hgc Hieu qua cua th| In/ong hang hda Hi$u qui cua th| tru'&ng lao dpng - - V i $ l N a m - O - C^c nuii'c cung trinh dfl Td chuc Nang s u i t Chau A - APO vua mdi cdng bd ban Bao cao Nang s u i t nam 2012('') vd tinh hinh nang s u i t cua cac qudc gia chau A Theo sd ligu cdng bd Bao eao, nam 2010, Singapore la qudc gia co nang s u i t lao ddng cao nhit, dgt 89,9 nghin USD/ ngudi lao dgng, Nhgt Ban dat 63,9 nghin USD, Han Qudc dat 57,7 nghin USD, Malaysia dgt 35 nghin USD, Thai Lan dgt 15,3 nghin USD, Philippines dai 9,4 nghin USD, Indonesia dat nghin USD, Lao dat 4,8 nghin USD Nang s u i t lao dpng cua Viet Nam dat 5,3 nghin USD, ehi bang 5,9% nang s u i t lao ddng cua Singapore Nang s u i t lao dfing t h i p , d i n den thu nhap cua ngudi lao dgng t h i p g i n nhu la mgt he qua t i t ydu cua chudi phat trien Hinh Bleu nang lyc c^nh tranh cua W^t Nam Nguon: WEF-2014 ' WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013 - 2014 - http //www wefomm org/reports/global-compelitiveness-report-2013-2014 ' APO Productivity Databook 2012 NGHIEN CLFU TRAO l Khoa hgc day nghi I 23 ^'4 Theo Bao cao nang lyc eanh tranh loan cau nam 2014, d^n sd Vlel Nam tfnh den cudi nam 2012 dat 87,8 tri^u ngudi va co tdng thu nhgp qude nfii khoang 122,7 ly USD, tuang duang 0,38% GDP loan cau, tfnh tmng binh thu nhgp binh quan d i u ngudi dat 1.381 USD mfit nam Con sd duge xem la mpt budc tien Idn nhdng nam g i n day giup Viet Nam budc vao ngudng thu nhap Irung binh Tuy nhien, thdng ke eua WEF vong han 20 nam qua cho t h i y khoang each thu nh§p cua ngudi Viet vdi m u c trung binh cua cac nudc dang phat tridn Igi chau A mdt xa V^o thgp men 90, thd ky 20, thu nhgp cua ngudi lao dgng Viet Nam gdn nhu tuang duang vdi cac qude gia cung trinh dg phal trien khac tgi chSu A (khoang 700 - 800 USD theo ty gia v^o thoi didm dd), nhung ddn thdi diem cua nam 2011, thu nhgp cua Viet Nam dang t h i p han trung binh cua cac ndn kinh td dang phal tndn khdc tal eh§u A khoang 2.000 USD (Hinh 3) GDP (PPP) per capita (inl'l $), 1990-2012 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Hinh 3: GDP (PPP) per capita, 1990-2012 CQng lien quan ddn nang lyc canh tranh cua Viet Nam, Bao cao phat then ngudi 2013 Chuang trinh Phat tridn Lien hiep qudc (UNDP) cdng bd(5), Vipt Nam xdp thu 127 tren 186 nudc d u g c khao sal, dung nhdm cac nude ed muc phat trien eon ngudi (HDI) trung binh HDI duac tfnh loan dya tren chf sd phan la thu nhap (GDP binh qu§n d i u ngudi linh theo ngang gia sue mua), tudi thg Irung binh va giao dye Theo xdp hgng, HDI cua Viet Nam t h i p han cua cac nude khu v y e nhu Singapor (thu 18), Malaysia (64), Trung Qude (101), Thai Lan (103), Philippines (114), Indonesia (121) va cao han Campuchia (137), Lao (138) Ve c h i t lugng lao dong, Iheo bao eao khao sat cua Chuang trinh Phat trien Lien Hgp Quoc (UNDP) nam 2007(^), cac ehu doanh nghl?p Viet Nam cho r i n g tuydn dyng lao dong, doanh nghiep phai dao tao lai hau hdt lao dOng d cac c i p bgc khac n h u hgc nghd, dgi hgc, sau dai hgc; lao dgng r i t han chd vd ngogl ngu, nang luc td chuc va quan 1^ Ket qua khao sat vd "Thidu hyt lao dfing ky nang d Viet Nam" Vlpn Khoa hgc Lao dgng va Xa hdi va Tdp doan Manpower thyc hi?n nam 2011 cho thay lyc lup-ng lao dgng dO tudi cua Viet Nam Idn, nhung khong dap dng d u g c yeu c i u cua hg; 1/4 doanh nghiep cho I MMno Ifrlyl " r ^ T T ^^''^'^P'"^^' ^^^P"^ ^013 by the United Nations Development Programme UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA UNDP (2007)- ChtSn lifij-c cong nghiep cua cdc doanh nghf$p Ifrn nh^t Viet Nam, NXB Hbng DOc 24 I So d$c bigt thing 10/2014 NGHIEN CLTU TRAO Ddi rang lao dpng khdng dang tin cay hoac chua quan tam tdi c h i t lug-ng cfing viec va thidu ky nang giao tidp; mfit ty le nho han thi cho r i n g lao ddng khdng biet tri mdi trudng lam viec an toan, sach se, kem thfch nghi vdi s y thay dol, ydu vd quan ly va hoan nhiem vy eung nhu tidp thu, dng dyng cac thdng tin mdi; nhdm ky nang bj bd qua gdm ngogl ngu, vi tinh, hidu bidt vd tal chfnh, kha nang sang tao va tgo dpng lyc cho ngudi khac Nhung hgn chd vd c h i t lugng dao tao nghd da lam eho nang s u i t lao ddng, lhu nhgp eua ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam v.v t h i p han so vdi mgt sd nudc khu v y c va chinh didu dd da gdp phin lam giam nang lye cgnh tranh qudc gia Nhu vgy, nhidu ydu td, giao dye dao tgo ndi Chung, dao tgo nghd noi rieng co anh hudng Idn ddn nang lyc cgnh qudc gia Dd nang cao nang lyc eanh tranh, ngudi lao ddng phal co ky nang nghd gldl, didu dd se giup hg tang nang s u i t lao dgng, t u lang lhu nhgp Nhung de CO ky nang nghd gldl ngudi lao dfing khfing chf qua dao tao theo nghTa thdng thudng ma phal dao tgo cb c h i t lupng, dap dng yeu c i u cua thi trudng lao dgng, n h i t la nhung ddi hdi cua s y ph^t tridn khoa hgc cfing nghe Nang lyc cgnh Iranh quoc gia thyc s y trd thach thue khfing chi d l i m vT mfi ma la thach thuc tryc tidp ddi vdi dao lao nghd Do vgy, quan lam phal tridn dao tao nghd, nang cao c h i t lugng dao tao se la dot pha quan de nang cao nang lyc canh tranh qudc gia Giai phap phat trien ky nang nghd, nang cao nang l y c canh tranh Ky nang nghd eua ngudi lao dgng ed y nghTa quan trgng ddi vdi viec x^y dyng mot ndn kinh te gia tri gia tang cao, sde eanh tranh cao Mac du dao tao nghd la chua du, nhung se khdng cd each nao dd lidn len ndu thidu mdt lyc lugng lao dgng ky thuat tryc tidp d u g c dao tgo idt, dap dng d u p e nhung doi hoi cua mot ndn kinh te hign dai, phuc tgp, nhung v i n dd dat la lam thd nSo dd xay d y n g dup'c mdt lyc lugng lao dong n h u vay De glal quydt van de neu tren, thyc hien chu truang ddi mdi can ban toan dien NGHIEN CLTU TRAO giao dye nhu tmh than Nghi quyet Dal hgi dgi bleu toan qudc l i n thu XI eua Dang, Irong thdi gian tdi, dao tgo nghd c i n tgp Irung vao mgt sd glal phap sau: Thif nhit li doi m&i quan If nha nuvrc vi dao tao nghi Giai phap t | p trung vao viec sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Lugt Dgy nghd g i n vdi viec hoan thien c a che, chinh sach vd dao tgo nghd, hgc nghd, c a c i u Igl he thdng giao dye nghd nghiep Theo do, se didu chmh ca trung c i p chuyen nghiep va gop trung c i p nghd, trung c i p chuyen nghiep vao mgt trinh dfi Luat Giao dye nghd nghiep se thyc hien nhung ddi mdi vd myc lieu dao lao nghd (myc tieu dao tao nghd cua lung c i p trinh theo sat yeu cau cua tung bgc trinh ky nang); td chuc, quan ly dao tao nghd (dao tao nghd Iheo md dun); dao tao nghd g i n vdi doanh nghiep, xac djnh doanh nghiep la chu the cua hoat dgng dao lao nghe va mfit sd chinh sach khac v v Thu" hai la xay dwng khung trinh dd nghi quoc gia Xay dyng khung trinh nghd qudc gia tuang thieh vdi khung trinh dg giao due qufic gia, hoan thien khung trinh ky nang nghd qudc gia; ban hanh cac tieu chuan ky nang nghd qude gia cho eac nghe phd bidn Thir ba li phit triin chwang trinh, giao trinh Xay dyng va ban hanh chuong Irinh, giao trinh dao tao nghd tren ca s d ll^u chuan nghd qudc gia ddi vdi cac nghd trgng diem qude gia; ddi vdi eac nghd c i p dp khu vuc va qudc id, lidp nhgn va s u dyng chuang trinh, giao trinh dao tao nghd cua cac nudc tien lidn khu v y c ASEAN va qudc id phu hgp vdi thj trudng lao dfing Viet Nam Thir tw li phit triin dgi ngu giao vidn va cin bd quan ly dio tao nghi Glal phap tap Irung chfnh vao viec c h u i n hoa dfil ngu giao vien dgy cac nghd trpng didm cap dp qudc gia vd trinh dp dao tgo, ky nang va s u phgm nghd; giao vien dgy cac nghd trpng diem c i p dd khu v y c va qudc i d vd ky nang nghe va nang lyc s u phgm cija cae nudc lien tidn khu v y e ASEAN va cac nudc phat tridn tren the gidi nam 2014 Khoa hgc day nghi I 25 Thir nim ia ting cuwig ca sa vat chit vi thiit bi dio tao nghi Xay dyng va ban hanh tifiu c h u i n ca s d v§t c h i t , danh muc thidt bl dao lao nghd ddi vdi cac nghd trgng diem qufic gia; ddi vdi cac nghd c i p khu vyc va qudc td, lidp nh|n v& ap dung tieu chuan ea s d vat chit, danh muc thidl bj dao tao nghd cua cac nudc lien tien khu vyc ASEAN va qudctd Thir sau ia kiim dinh chit lu^ng dao tao nghe vi danh gia dp chung chi ky nang nghi qudc gia Thyc hlpn kiem djnh ca s d dao tao nghe va kidm dinh chuang trinh; phat tridn cac trung tam danh gia ky nang nghd eho ngudi lao dfing g i n vdi d i u t u xay dyng cac nghd trgng diem d eae ca s d dao tgo nghd, d mdt sd doanh nghiep v^ mgt sd ea s d khac Thir bay la gin kit giira dao tao nghi vai thi truung lao ddng vi sy tham gia cua doanh nghidp Doanh nghiep eo trach nhiem chinh viec dam bao ky nang nghd cua ngudi lao dfing doanh nghiep cua minh; tryc tidp tham gia vao cac hoat dfing dao tao nghe (xay dyng tl^u chuin ky nang nghd, xac djnh danh myc nghd, xay dyng chuang trinh dao tao, danh gia kdt qua hgc tgp cua hge sinh hgc nghd ) Thu" tim ia day manh hgp tac qudc ti vi dao tao nghi Hgp tac vdi cac nudc ASEAN de tidn tdi cong nhan ky nang nghd giua eae nudc, hudng tdi Cfing ddng ASEAN vao nam 2015 Khuydn khich cac ea s d dao tao nghd nude m d rong hgp tac, lien kdt dao tgo vdi cac ca s d dao lao d nude ngoai; lao hanh lang phap ly thuan Igl dd thu hut eac nha dau t u , eac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai phat trien ca s d dao tgo nghd c h i t lupng cao, hap lac dao tao nghe tal Viet Nam Tai lieu tham khao VSn ki$n D^i hgi dai bieu toan quoc lan thirXl cua Ding (2011), Nha xuat ban Chinh trj qu6c gia, Ha Ndi; Quyit djnh so 579/QD-TTg 19/4/2011 ciia ThO tutmg Chinh phu, phe duy$t Chiin lui?c phit triin nhin li/c Viet Nam thoi ky 2011 - 2020; Quyit djnh so 1216/QD-TTg 22/7/2011 cua Thu tuxyng Chinh phu, phe duyet Quy hoach phat Men nhan lire Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020 Quyet dinh so 630/QD-TTg 29/5/2012 ctJa Thu tu^ng Chinh phu phe duyet Chien luxjc phit triin day nghi thdi ky 2011 - 2020; Vien Quin ly Kinh ti Trung uxmg (CIEM) (2010), Bao ning It/c canh tranh Viet Nam nim 2009 • 2010; Asian Productivity Organization (2012), APO Productivity Databook 2012, www.apo-tokyo.org United Nations New York (2008), World Economic Situation and Prospects 2008 UNDP (2013), Human Development Report 2013, United Nations Development Programme UN Plaza New York, NY 10017, USA World Economic Forum (2013) The Global Competitiveness Report 2013 - 2014, http://reports weforum.org Nhu vgy co the thiy, de nang cao nang lye cgnh tranh qudc gia can phai nang cao nang s u i t lao ddng, tang thu nhgp cho ngudi lao ddng IVIudn vgy, Nha nude c i n phal quan tam han nua den phat tridn, nang cao c h i t lugng dao tao nghe, nang cao ky nang nghd cho ngudi lao ddng, thyc s y coi phat tridn dao tgo nghd \i mot Irong nhung dot pha chidn luge, gdp phan quan trgng dua nang lyc canh tranh Viet Nam len muc l u a n g duang vdi cac n u d c khu v y c va the g l d l n 26 I So d$c biet thang 10/2014 NGHIEN CCrU TRAO 06\ ... dao lao nghd Do vgy, quan lam phal tridn dao tao nghd, nang cao c h i t lugng dao tao se la dot pha quan de nang cao nang lyc canh tranh qudc gia Giai phap phat trien ky nang nghd, nang cao nang... de nang cao nang lye cgnh tranh qudc gia can phai nang cao nang s u i t lao ddng, tang thu nhgp cho ngudi lao ddng IVIudn vgy, Nha nude c i n phal quan tam han nua den phat tridn, nang cao c h... nghd, nang cao nang l y c canh tranh Ky nang nghd eua ngudi lao dgng ed y nghTa quan trgng ddi vdi viec x^y dyng mot ndn kinh te gia tri gia tang cao, sde eanh tranh cao Mac du dao tao nghd la chua