JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOL 10 18173/2354 1075,2016 0037 EducationalSci ,2016,Vol 61,No 3, pp 136 147 This paper is available online at hUp //stdb hnue edu vn T H U C T R A N G G I A O D U C K I N[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducationalSci.,2016,Vol 61,No 3, pp 136-147 This paper is available online at hUp://stdb hnue.edu.vn DOL 10 18173/2354-1075,2016-0037 T H U C T R A N G GIAO D U C KI N A N G H O P TAC CUA T R E - TUOI TAI CAC T R U N G M A M N O N T R E N DIA B A N T I N H B I N H D U O N G Khoa Supham, Vii T h i N h a n Tnfdng Dai hoe Thu Dau Mot Tdm tat Con ngubi lii long hoa cac mbi quan he xa hbi" (Kari Marx) - dbi sbng ngrfbi van hanh vdi srf giao liep cpng dbng irong mpi smh hoai, hpc lap va lam viec, vi vay kT nang hdp tac drfdc coi la mpt nhflng trang hi thiel yeu nhal Doi vbi ire, dac biet la tre mlu giao ldn vdi nhflng dac Ihu lfla tudi Irong flng xfl va tiep nhan, hdp lac la kT nang quan trpng cdn drfdc hinh thanh, trau doi va ren luyfn Nghien cflu nhin nhan vao ban chal cua kT nang hdp lac ddng thbi khang djnh vai tro cua viec giao due kT nang Irong viec hinh Ihanh - phat Irien nhan each Ire - tudi Bang viec khao sal ihrfc Irang nhan thrfc ve viec giao due kT nang hdp tac cho tre cua giao vien mdm non iren dia ban tinh Binh Drfdng, va thrfc te bifn phap gidng day sfl dung Irong cac nhii trrfbng, nghien cflu da nhin nhan va chi rfu diem va han che cua thrfc trang Trf thrfc te giao due cua giao vien mam non tren dia ban tinh Binh Drfdng, nghien crfu la cd sb de xuat nhflng bifn phap hieu qua cho vifc giao due kT nang hdp tac Ire - mdi frong nha trrfdng mam non Tit khda: KT nang, kT nang sbng, kT nang hdp tac, ihrfc trang giao due, tre - tudi 1, Mof dau Xd hdi hien Id xa hdi eua srf bdi nhap, todn eau bda vd de eao gid trj cua sfl hdp tdc, cung Iam viee, tdn va hieu b i l l tan Vi vay mue lieu hge tap eae nhd trrfbng cd trrfdng mam non da cd srf thay ddi Ngrfbi hoc khdng chi linb hdi kien thflc cd sdn vd phdl trien ndng ltfc trf lue ma quan trgng hdn cd Id hinb tbanh va phdt irien cdc ki ndng giai quyel cac moi quan hf xd hdi cb hifu qua [2] Nghien eflu van de d Viet Nam, Thai Duy Tuyen (2008) cho rdng hdp tac la mdt yen to khdng the thilu irong cude sdng Sfl hbp tdc dien suot cube dbi moi ngrfbi, diln mgi gia dinh, mpi cbng dbng cac vien cung boat ddng de dal muc dfch chung Doi vdi hpe sinh, vifc day, ren Iuyen kT ndng hdp tdc tfl ire cbn ngol tren ghe nhd trflbng la rat quan trgng, can dflbc coi trgng nhfl viec day kien thfle va cde kT ndng cd bdn khdc [9] Cao Thj Cue (2009) eho rdng tre 5-6 tud'i da cb nhflng kT ndng hdp tdc cd ban tham gia vdo ede boat dbng ehung cua Ibp mdu giao nhfl cung ban thda thuan v l chu de chbi, ndi dung chdi, phdn vai chdi eho nhflng tac gla cho rang nhflng ki nang chtfa dtfdc hinh day du va ben vflng Cdc kT ndng can dfldc ren Iuyen nhbm ban be thbng qua hoat ddng vui chbi d trflbng mam non, cu the Id thdng qua eae trb chbi nhrf: trd chdi ddng vai theo cbu d l , trb chdi xay dflng tap ghep, trb chbi van ddng [3] Ngaynhanbai- 15/2/2016 Ngay nhan dang 23/4/2016 Lien he; Vu Thi Nhan, e-mail' dongnoibinhduong@yahoo com Thtfc trang gido due ki ndng hop Idc ciia Ire - ludi lai c ac IrUe'mg mdm nem tren dta bdn Trong "Bd chuan phat trien tre ludi" Bd Giao due va Ddo tao (2009) dfla ra, tfch cflc hdp lac la mpl nhflng ndi dung quan trgng Chugc ITnb vflc tinb cam - quan hf xd hdi can ren cho tre 5-6 tuoi de chua'n bj vdo ldp mbt Bd chua'n cung dfla cdc chi sd the hien sfl hdp tae vdi ban be va mgi ngfldi xung quanh nhfl: ldng nghe y kien cua minh vdi ngfldi khae, trao doi y kiln vbi ngflbi khdc, the hien srf than thien doan kll vbi ban be, chap nhdn sfl phan cdng cua nhdm ban va ngrfbi ldn, san sang thrfc hifn nhiem vu ddn gian cimg ngflbi khac [ ] Tren the gidi, nghien cflu ve van dl nay, Jdseph S Krajeik va cdng sfl (2003) cho rang: Irong sfl hdp tdc gifla tre vdi edng ddng Ire Iam viee vdi cha me, bang xdm, ban be, ngrfbi than, nhflng "chuyen gia" md tre bilt qua giao vien gibi thieu hode qua cdc phfldng tien truyin thdng trdng ITnh vflc hgc tap , bang each gap trflc liep hoac gian tiep qua difn thoai, thfl lfl de chia se, hoc hdi cac Chdng tin Thbng qua vifc hdp Cac vdi cdng dong, ere nhan rang kiln thfle ma tre hpe d irfldng hoc cd lien quan den nhflng van de irong the gidi thflc Chung khdng chi hoe drfdc kien thfle khoa hpc ma cbn hgc dflbc ca vl ngtfdi vd nghl nghiep, hgc cd edch giao tiep vdi ngfldi khdc moi quan he hdp tac [5] Trung lam Nghien cflu ve gido due va phdt trie'n tre em - nien chupc Dai hgc Ochanomizu, Nhdl Bdn (2004) da dfla sd tay giao due tre giai doan dau, irong eio dl cap den cdc moi quan hf cua ire vbi ban cung lfla nham phal trie'n sfl hdp tdc, iflbng tac tich erfc gifla cac ire vdi [4] Theo Press vd cpng sfl (2009), vifc phat trie'n srf hdp tac, phdi hdp d tre em Id rdt quan trgng nhdm giup tre phdt huy tbi da srf anh hfldng ddi vbi theo nhilu each khdc nhau, Irong bdi canh gia dinh va cdng dong cua chung [7] O Australia, nghien cflu Investing in the Eariy Years A National Early Childhood Development Strategy (Ddu tfl giai doan dau - Chien Ifldc quoc gia phal trien tre em) dd xae djnh "hdp tae, xet ve phfldng dien vdt chdl bay linh than, deu thuc day vifc ddp flng nhu cau cua tre vd gia dinh eua tre theo nbieu hrfdng khae nbau", drfdc eoi nhrf mdt thdnh to quan trgng be Ihbng phat trien tre giai doan dau mdi cdch hieu qua (Hdi dong Chfnh phu Australia, 2009) [6] Nhfl vdy, kT nang hdp tac la mot kl ndng xd hdi rat quan trong, de tre chilm ITnh drfdc kT ndng ddi hdi cac trrfdng mam non ndi chung va cdc trflbng mam non tren dja bdn Tlnh Binh Dfldng ndi rieng pbai cd nhflng bien phap cu the va dnng bb tdc ddng Ien ire 5-6 tud'i nham giup tre dat dfldc kT ndng Tren thflc te hifn cdc trfldng mam non tren dja ban Tinh da quan lam den vifc gido due kT ndng hdp lac cho tre.tuy nhien nhflng bifn phdp lae ddng chfla dong bd va chfla mang Iai hieu qua cao tren tre Noi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Khai niem giao due kT nang hdp tac cho tre mau giao (5-6) tuoi Giao due kT nang hdp tdc chd tre mdu giao la mdt qua trinh tdc ddng srf pliam cb muc dich, cd ke hoach eua nhd giao due den tre nham hinb va phat trie'n b tre sfl phbi hbp hdnh dbng de cung thrfc hifn cd hieu qua mdt nhifm vu chung nao dd drfa tren nhflng tri thflc va von kinh nghiem da cd dilu kien nhat djnh [8] 2.2 Y nghia cua viec giao due kf nang hop tac cho tre mau giao 5-6 tuoi Gido due ki ndng hpp fdc eho tre Id giup hinh thdnh vd phdl trien nhdn edch clio ire Cac moi quan hf xa hbi ma tre tham gia cang phong phu da dang, cang gbp phan vao vifc hodn thien nhan cdch ciia ire Sfl kel hbp va phoi hbp cac hoat ddng gifla cdc Ire nhdm chdi da tao nhflng moi quan he xd hgi het sfle dbc dao va dien hinh Vi vdy Cham gia vao cdc hoat 137 ddng chung, mdi tre bdng hogt ddng giao tiep cua minh dd tfch cflc chiem tinh cac moi quan he xa hpi v l thflc chat, day Id nen tdng cfla qua trinh phat trie'n nhan cdch Gido due kl ndng hap tdc cho tre Id tao ea hgi di'fre dUeic chat vd ren luyen ede kf ndng khdc e/ua chell Khdng phdi ngau nhien ma eae nhd kboa hpc va ngoai nfldc da chi rdng: Doi vbi tre nhb, chdi Id nhu cau cua mdt cd the dang phdt trien Id "trfldng hgc cua cube song" Khi chbi, Cre trb nen cao hbn chinh minh va chiing cd the Iam dtfdc nhilu vifc md thrfc ll khbng the tdm drfbc Khi tham gia vao trd chdi dtfdc thoa man nbu cau nen mang lai nilm vui eho tre, Iam cho linh than ctia tre sang khodi, pban khdi dd la nhflng ylu to quan de tdng ctfdng sflc khoe cho tre Khi tre dflbc ciing chbi vbi nhdm, tre se cg sdl vbi nhau, bpc hdi lan Trong chbi Ire bilt thda thudn vdi de phan vai chbi, hanh ddng chdi, biet tdng nghe y kiln Clia nhau, bill chia se Cd the ndi rdng, ehbi nhbm ban be Id nhu cdu bflc thill cua tre vd trd chdi cung Id npi dung chu yen de lap hdp tre thdnh nhbm Phan Idn cdc net tfnh each cua tre dtfdc nhen nhdm nhdm ban be Day Id mgt dieu vo cung quan trpng ddi vdi tre Gtdo due ki ndng hpp tdc cho tre Id giiip ire bude vdo eugc sdng xd heh Thdng qua hoat dbng hdp ldc vdi cdc ban Irong nhdm, tre Itf tim kiem srf hoan thien cua nhflng quan hf gifla ngfldi vdi eon ngrfbi Vi vay cung khbng nen cho rdng chbi theo nhbm chi giup tre ITnh hdi kiln thfle hay mdt tieu chuan flng xfl ndo dd, ma cbn Id cb sb ban dau de tre xay dflng each flng xfl cua minh de brfdc vdo thi gidi mai sau Vi vay, cd the nbi giao due ki ndng hbp tac cho Ire la lao cho ire eae kinb nghiem vl quan he dao dfle, quan hf trdeh nhiem va giup dd Idn nhau, cung hfldng den mue lieu chung, Idm ndy sinh rung cdm ve nhau, gdy dnh hrfbng lbi vifc hinh thdnh ddng cb ehung cua tap the Hoat dgng nhdm day Ire nhflng bai hgc cd gid tri va hinh b tre nhflng ki ndng xd hdi [7] 2.3 Noi dung giao due kT nang hdp tac cho tre mau giao - tuoi Gido due mam non Id mdt bb phan be thong giao due qudc ddn, thflc hien viee nudi dflbng, cham sdc, gido due tre em tfl ba tbang tuoi den tudi (Dilu 21, Lual Giao diac, 2005) [2] Muc tieu eua giao due mam non la giup tre em phat trie'n ve the chat, tinh cam, tri tue, tham mi, hinh thdnh nhflng ylu Id dau lien cua nhan cdch va chud'n bj cho tre vao Idp I; hinh thdnh va phat trien d Ire nhflng chflc ndng tam sinh If, ndng lflc va pham chat mang tinh nin tang, nhflng kT nang song can tbiet, phu hdp vdi lfla tuoi, khbi day vd phdl trie'n toi da nhflng kha ndng tieman, dat nen tang cho viee hge d eae cap tilp theo va cho vifc hgc lap suot dbi [2] Trong dd ndi dung gido due kT ndng ehbi hdp tdc chd tre 5- tud'i ndm muc tieu phat trien tinh cdm va cac kT ndng xd hbi cho tre 5- tud'i Can phdt trien d Ire cdc kT ndng xa hgi nhfl: "bill Idng nghe y kiln cua ngrfbi khac, sfl dirng Ibi ndi, efl chi, le phep, Ijch sfl; bill tdn trpng, hdp ldc, chap nhan; quan tam chia se, giup db ban; nhdn xet va tb thdi dd vdi hdnh vi dung - sai, i6t - xau." Ben canh dd, "Bp chua'n phal trien tre tudi" Bd Gido due va Dao tao (2009) dfla ra, ti'ch cflc hbp ldc la mdt nhflng ndi dung quan trpng thudc ITnh vflc tinh cam - quan hf xa hpi can ren cho tre 5-6 tuoi de chuan bj vdo ldp mbt Bd chuan cung dfla cdc chl so the hien ki ndng hbp tac vdi ban be va mgi ngfldi xung quanh nhfl: lang nghe y kien cua niinh vbi ngfldi khdc, trao doi y kiln vdi ngflbi khdc, the hien sfl than thifn, doan kit vbi ban be, chap nhan sfl phdn edng cua nhdm ban va ngflbi Idn, san sang ihrfe hien nhifm vu dbn gian cung ngrfbi khdc [1] Nhfl vay, dfla tren muc lieu cua chfldng ttinh giao due main non, muc lieu cu the vl phdl trien rinh cam va kT ndng xa hgi cho tre 5-6 tud'i ndm chfldng Irinh, dong thbi dfla iren bd chua'n phdl trie'n Ire tud'i, Iuan dn dfla nbi dung cb bdn vl gido due kT ndng ehdi hbp lac cho tre 138 Thtfc trang gido dgc ki ndng hop ldc ciia Iri' - (i tudi tai cdc tnfdng mum non tren dia bdn 5- tuoi trd chdi ddng vai ed chu de nhfl sau: - Giao due tre em biet ldng nghe chia se kinh nghiem y trfdng vdi cac ban irong nhdm ehdi Biet chap nhdn srf phan cdng nhiem vu cua nhdm vd hoan nhiem vu nhdm giao cho - Biet phoi hdp hanh ddng vdi cae ban tronh nhdm de thrfc hien edng viec chung - Chu ddng hd trd ban vd yeu cau ban hd trd minh mdt each irf tin, ehan thflc cdi md - Biet dilu tilt hoai ddng chdi va the hien thai tfch cflc ddi vdi ket qud hoat ddng chung 2.4 Ket qua khao sat trtfc trang giao due kT nang hdp tac tre 5-6 tuoi tren dia ban Tinh Binh Dtfdng Khao sdt thflc irang thrfc hifn cac bifn phdp gido due kT ndng hbp tac cho tre 5-6 tud'i d cdc trrfbng mam non tren dja ban Tinh Binh Drfdng dflbc thrfc hien bdng phfldng phdp sfl dung philu dieu Ira, trao ddi, dam thoai vdi 404 GV va CB qudn If, dong thbi quan sdt qud trinh to chflc cac hoat ddng cua GV d trflbng mam non Ket qua thu dtfde xfl If bang phan mim tbongke SPSS 16.0 - Muc dieh khdo sdl Xdc dinh thrfc frang giao due kT ndng hdp lac cho tre mau gido 5-6 luoi b irrfbng mam non hien Tren cb sb dd, xde djnh nguyen nbdn dan den thflc trang lam ed sd de de xual bifn phap - Ngi dung khdo sdt Khao sal thrfc trang nhdn tbflc cua gido vien ve van de giao due ki ndng hdp tdc eho tre Khao sat trflc trang cdc bien phap gido due ki ndng hdp tac ma gido vien dd sfl dung de gido due tre Thflc trang cac yeu to anh hflbng den gido due ki ndng hgp tac eho tre Thflc trang nhflng thuan Ibi vd khd khdn ma giao vien gap phai crong qua crinh giao due kT ndng hdp lac cho tre Xdc djnh nguyen nhdn dan den thflc trang - PhUffng phdp khdo sdl De danh gia thflc trang nhan thflc cua giao vien ve vifc giao due kT nang bdp tdc cho tre cung nhrf thrfc trang bifn phdp ma gido vien dd sfl dung de gido due kT nang hdp ldc cho tre, chflng tdi sfl dung cdc phfldng phap thu thdp thdng lin: dieu tra bdng bdng hdi dam thoai, trao dd'i vdi giao vien; quan sat each thflc giao vien td ehflc hoai dgng vui chdi cho tre 2.4.1 Ket qua khao sat true trang nhan thii'c cua giao vien ve van de giao due kT nang hotp tac tre - tuoi Nhdn thdc eua gido viin ve khdi niem kindng hdp ldc vdy nghia eua viic gido due ki ndng hap ldc eho ire Ket qua khao sat cho thay sfl nhdn thflc cua gido vien ve ki ndng hdp lac cua tre mdu gido dfldc nhan manh d ndi dung: kha nang tflbng tdc thrfc hifn hieu qua mdt cdng viec drfa tren kinh nghiem va tri thflc da cd nhdm daC muc dfch chung (38.9%) Cdc ndi dung khdc drfdc ddnh gid vdi ri Ie nhfl sau: Ld mdi nhdm tre cung thflc hifn cdng viec dflbc giao drfa tren tri thflc va von kinh nghifm nhat djnh (15.6%); Hf thong moi quan he gifla ngflbi vdi ngfldi (19.6%) Trong dd ngi dung "kha nang phoi hdp hdnh ddng cung thflc hien cd hieu qua boat ddng chung drfa tren nhflng tri thflc va von kinh nghiem da cd nhflng dieu kien nhat djnh" drfdc xem la ngi dung phan anh dau du vd dung ban chat vl kT ndng hdp tac cua Ire mau giao The nhrfng ndi dung cung chi cd (26.0%) gtao vien lrfa chpn Vdi sd ndy, cd the ket luan rdng nhan ihflc eua GV ve kT nang hdp tac cua tre chrfa thflc sfl sau sdc va phan dnh dung ban chdl eua nb Da phan Vu Thi Nhan GV ctio rang kT ndng hbp tac Id kha ndng tfldng tdc crong khd ndng ifldng tdc dfldc hinh Iflbng hda bang srf tiep xue be mat cua hai ddi the, cbn khd nang phdi hdp hanh ddng drfdc the hifn bdi sfl hda quyen, ket hbp cua cac dbi trfdng tham gia hrfdng tdi kit qua eudi cung chfnh Id san pha'm - muc lieu cua qud trinh hdp lac Bdng Nhdn thdc cua GV ve khdi niim ki ndng hdp tdc Nhan thu'c cua GV ve khai niem kt nang hdp tac Tan so Ti le % La kha nang giao liep diJa tren doi thoai; He thong moi quan he git^a ngitdi vdi ngubi Kha nang phoi hop hiinh dpng cung thttc hien cd hieu qua boat dpng chung dlJa tren nhitng tri thiic vii von kinh nghiem dii CO nhiing dieu ttien nhat dinh Kha niing lUOng tac ihuc hien hieu qua mol cong viec dita Iren kinh nghiem va tri thdc da co nhSm dal muc dich chung 63 79 15,6 19,6 Tan xu3t tich liiy 15.6 35,1 105 26.0 61,1 1.57 18.9 100,0 Bdng Nhdn thitc cua gido vien vey nghia cua viec gido due kindng hpp tdc cho tre - tudi Nhan thii'c ciia giao vien ve y nghia ciia vice giao due kt Tan so T! le % nang hdp tac 162 Giiip tre hoa dong hdn vdi cac ban 40,1 17,1 Gitip tre tli tin hon giao tiep 69 77 19,1 Giup tre biel each tu khiing dinh ban than tap the 9,9 Giiip niing cao pham chat dao diic cho ire 40 Gnip phat trien cac kT niing xii hpi d tre 56 1.3,9 Tan xuat ti'ch liiy 40,1 57,2 76,2 86,1 100,0 Du chrfa nhan thfle dung ban chdl eua khai niem hdp tdc hoat ddng nhdm cua tre, cdc giao vien deu thay dflde y nghTa cua viec gido due kT ndng hdp tac cho Ire d cae khia eanh khdc nhau, 100% GV cho rang viec gido due kT ndng hdp tac cho tre la can Ihiet Khi dfldc hdi phan Idn GV (40,1 %) eho rdng, gido due kT ndng hdp tdc cho ire Id gdp phan pbat trien sfl hda ddng d tre Mpl so GV cho rang hdp Idc giup Ire tfl tin den irflbng hdn va tfl tin giao tiep (17.1%) Ben canh dd (19.1 %) GV cho rang hdp tac phdt trien b tre kha ndng tfl khang djnh ban than tap the 13.9% GV cho rdng giao due kT ndng hdp tdc la phdt trien cdc kT ndng xa hdi b Ire Va 9.9% GV eho rdng giao due kT ndng hbp tdc gbp phan phat trie'n phd'm chat dgo dflc cho tre Nhfl vdy, cdc giao vien mam non deu nhan thflc rd ve vai trd quan trgng cua viec giao due kl ndng hbp tdc cho Ire, va dieu se ta dieu kien thuc day GV thill kl, xdy dflng eae hoat ddng day hoc nham hflbng tdi muc lieu phal Irien ki ndng b Ire Nhan thiic cua giao vien ve phUdng ticn giao due kT nang hop tac cho tre 5-6 tuoi Phan ldn giao vien (51 %) dd tfla chon hoat ddng vui chdi de thbng qua dd gido due kT ndng hdp ldc cho tre Khi drfdc hdi If do, thi GV cho rang vi vui ehbi Id hoat ddng chu dao va nd chiem thbi Ifldng cad bdn so vdi cac boat ddng khac, nen lfch hbp muc lieu giao due kT ndng hdp ldc vao hoat dgng vui chbi, tre se cb nhieu thdi gian trdi nghifm cung nhrf thrfc hanb va phdl trien kT ndng hdp tdc (30%) gido vien cho rang hoat dgng hgc tap cung la mpt nhflng hogt ddng I Thifc trgng gido due ki ndng hgp ldc ciia Ire - ludi tgt cdc irtfdng mam non mm dia ban gido vien sfl dung de to chflc cho tre hdp tac vdi nhau, ire cd the cung giai quyet nhiem vu hgc tap, nhfl cung hgc thudc bai thd, cau chuyen, bai hdl Ben egnh db, hoat ddng lao dbng eung dfldc (15.1%) GV sfl dung de gido due kT nang hbp tdc cho tre GV gidi thich rang cd nhiem vu Iao ddng nhtf nhat la eay, dgn rdc xung quanh Ibp hgc quanh san trtfbng giao vien giao eho mdt nhdm tre tbtfe hifn va nhdc nhd cdc em cung hbp lae de hoan thdnh nhiem vu 4% GV lfla chon giao due tre hdp tdc thbng qua chl sinh hoat nhfl giao nhifm vu cho tre cung dgn dep dd ehdi, sdp xep dd chdi tren ke, hdde cung chua'n bi bdn an Bdng Nhdn thtic cua gido vien ve phiidng tien gido due ki ndng hdp tdc cho tre - tudi Nhan thii'c ciia giau vien ve phirdng tien giao due ki Tan so Ti le % nang hdp tac cho tre Hoat dpng vui chdi Tan xuat tich liiy 206 121 51,0 51,0 Hoat dpng hpc lap 30,0 80,9 Hoat dpng lao dong 61 15,1 96,0 Che dp sinh hoat 16 4,0 100,0 Trong 51 % giao vien da Irfa chgn boat ddng vui ebbi de gido due kT nang hdp tac cho tre, dfldc hdi cac cd sfl dung trd ehdi ndo de thbng qua dd gido due kT ndng hbp tac cho tre thi kit qua nhan dfldc cbo thay cdc giao vien khdng tap trung vao mgt trd chdi nao de gido due kT ndng hdp tac cho tre, ma cdc lib chdi drfdc sfl dung gan nhrf ddn trdi vdi mflc phan trdm khd Ifldng doi: trb chdi ddng vai theo chu de (24%), ddng kicb (21%), hge tap (18,6%), van ddng (19.3%), xay dflng-lap ghep (13.1%) 2.4.2 Ket qua khao sat thirc trang cac bien phap giao vien da sU dung de giao due kT nang htfp tac cho tre thdng qua hoat dgng vui choi Khi dtfdc hdi vl cac bien phdp ma GV dd sfl dung de giao due kT nang hdp tdc cho Ire thi cau tra lbi eua cac GV xoay quanh nhflng bien phdp sau: Bdng Thuc trgng cdc bien phdp GV thudng sii dung degido due Id nang hpp tdc cho tre Cac bien phap GV thtrtfng sut dung de giao due kl nang hdp tac cho tre Tan xuat Ti le % % cac trutfng hdp Xay dung moi trttdng than thien Idp hoc 145 19,3% 35,9% Tao tinh huong chdi mang tinh hdp tac va iJng xii theo hitdng hdp tac 98 13,0% 24,3% Xay dttng chti de va npi dung chdi phong phii 184 24,5% 45,5% 183 24,4% 45,3% 141 18,8% 34,9% 751 100,0% 185,9% Khuyen khich Ire ihoa thuan, chia se kinh nghiem, y tifdng chdi cung Theo doi viec chdi va kip thdi giai quyfit nhiing xung dpi Tong cong Vu Thi Nhan Xdy dioig indi trifdng thdn Ihien ldp hge 35.9% GV cho rang sfl thdn thien cdi md gifla gido vien vbi Ire va vdi cdc tre vdi chbi la viec Iam ddn gian nhrfng mang lai bau khdng tfch erfc gdp phan giup tre phat trien kT ndng hdp tde De tdm drfdc dieu ndy cdc cd cho rang qua trinh td ehfle boat ddng vui chdi, gido vien lubn cb nhflng cfl chi nhe nhdng, gan gui vdi ire, Ibi ndi nhd nhe, thien cdm lfl dd giup tre trf tin the hien bdn than minh, bay id suy nghT eua minh vdi ban, manh dan ehbi Tgo linh hudng cbai eho tre 24.3% GV cho rdng qua trinh tre ehbi cung sinh cdc tinh huong khdc nhau, nhien tinh huong chdl cua tre cbn ngheo nan, ehu yeu Ire chdi nhdm cua minh vd fl lien kit vdi nhdm kbac, ddc biel la dbi vdi trb chbi dbng vai, ehinh vi vdy GV nen tao tinh huong chbi cho tre De Iam dilu thi GV cho rang qua Irinh to chflc hoat dgng vui chdi, thi GV nen theo ddi, quan sat tflng nbom ehdi de kjp thbi phdt bien nhflng tinh hudng sinh ehbi, tfl dd kich thich, yeu cau ire giai quyet tinh huong Qua dd GV ehu ddng tao cdc tinh huong chbi cho tre theo dien bien cua cube ehbi Khi Cao tinh hudng chdi GV khdng gdi y each giai quyet cho tre ma de Ire tfl rim kiem each gidi quyet Sau dd GV quan sdl va kjp chbi ddng vien, khfch If Ire cb nhflng bieu bifn hbp tde nhrf biet ehia se, ldng nghe ban, bdng cdch neu gfldng tre de eac tre khdc hgc tap Xdy difng chu di chdi vd npi dung chai phong phd 45,5% GV cho rang thdng thflbng, viec to ehflc boat ddng vui ehdi Id cdng viec giao vien td chflc Ihfldng xuyen, db chu de chdi td mang hien tbflc cua cudc song sinh hoat xung quanh tre dfldc phan anh trd chdi, thrfbng la cac ITnh vrfc gdn gui quen thubc vdi tre vd tim hieu sdu hbn vl bien phdp xay dflng chu de va ngi dung ehdi pbong phu cfla cac giao vien thi kit qua thu dfldc nhfl sau: Dbi vbi trd chdi ddng vai tbeo chu de, gido vien thfldng chgn cdc chii de chdi nhfl chu de gia dinh, bfnh vien, bdn hang., Ngoai ra, giao vien eung td cbflc tbem cdc chu de khdc nhfl chu de Irfldng tieu hgc, cfla hdng uon tdc, cap drfbng Doi vdi trd ehdi xdy drfng ldp ghep GV cung thay ddi dd dung dd chbi lien tue theo chu de ehdi: xdy edng vien, xay sd thu, trflbng hpc, benb vien Doi vdi trb chbi ddng kjch thi GV thay dd'i thflbng xuyen cdc cdu chuyfn theo chu de chdi, cho tre Cling tdi hien lai cau chuyen Dong thdi GV xay dflng nbi dung va xdc djnh nhiem vu cu the, chi tiel cho tflng boat dbng vd ten ke hoaeh Chflc hien phu hdp Theo ddi ire chai, vd kip thdi gidi quyel nhftng xung dot 34.9% GV cho rang ehdi, khbng the trdnh kbdi gifla cdc tre xdy xung dot, vfldng mac Kit qua cfla nhflng vfldng mdc db cd the dan den mat vui, dd vd tinh bari, qud trinh chdi bj bd gifla chflng Vi vdy, tinh dodn ket, gdn bb cua tre se bj mat di, nhflng cbng vifc ddi hdi srf hdp tdc se khd tbflc hien dflbc Tuy nhien, xung dot cb the se la dbng Iflc cua srf phal trien, tang them sfl hieu bill, srf doan kit va giup eho mdi quan he trd len lot dep bdn neu giao vien bill cdch hrfdng ddn, chi bdo cho tre mbt each khoa hgc va hdp If Trong qua trinh td' chflc hogt dbng vui cdi, gido vien Iudn gan gui vdi tre Kht thay cd bieu hien xung ddt xay ma tre khdng lfl gidi quyet dflde Ihi gido vien can kip thbi giup tre giai quyet nhflng vflbng mac dd mdt each thoa ddng, Idm cho xung dot dju xuong, thao Iuan mdt cdch binh tinh vdi thai xay dflng Lam dtfdc dilu ndy se tao dieu kien cho tre cd hflng thu tham gia vao cudc chdi, cd linh than hdp tac vdi mgi ngflbi de thflc hten nhiem vu ehung Khuyin khieh Ire thoa thugn chia se kinh nghiem, y ludng chai cimg 45.3% GV cho rang, tham gia trb chdi, tre lubn mong muon dtfdc mgi ngtfbi tdn trpng minh, dtfbc the hien tinh tfl nguyen, ddc lap sang tgo, tfl ndi y tfldng va kinh nghiem chbi Co gang the hien minh cudc chbi de khang djnh ndng Iflc ca nhan vd gdp phan the hifn sflc manh ThUc trgng gido due ki ndng hpp tde ciia Iri - ludi lgi cue trudng mdm nem fre-n dia hdn cfla nhdm Vi vay theo GV viee khuyen khich tre bill ibba thuan, thflbng Ifldng chdi la mdt nhflng bien phdp can tbiet de Ire bdc Id va phdt trie'n kT ndng hdp tdc eua minh De ldm dtfdc dilu cdc cd dd tiln hdnh bang each trb chuyen vdi Ire trrfde kbi nhdm bdt dau chdl, khdi gdi de ede em chia se y Irfbng ehbi cua ban chdn Trong tre ehdi, giao vien quan sat thay tre biel thda thudn, chia se kinh ngbiem cbdi thi giao vien khen ngdi tre dung luc tfl dd tre se hao hflng hdnh ddng tiep vao nhflng tan sau 2,4.3 Thuc trang cac yeu to anh hudng den giao due kT nang htfp tac cho tre - tuoi Qua kit qua khao sdt tren GV, cung nhfl ket bdp vdi viec quan sdt, nghien cflu san phd'm cua tre, kit qua nghien cflu ve thflc trang cdc yeu to anh hrfbng den giao due ki ndng hdp tdc chd Ire dfldc Che hien tren bang sau: Bdng Thuc trang cdc yeu to dnh hitdng den gido due ki ndng hpp tdc cho tre - tudi Mii'c Thli Cac yen to anh hirifng Rdi DTB Trung Rdi hang Cao Thdp cao binh Ihap Dac diem tam, sinh If ciia tre 2,6 16,9 29,9 29,9 20,8 3,49 Stf tfch cue, chii dong ciia ban 29,9 14,3 6,5 26,0 23,4 2,99 than moi tre Moi tnfdng chdi 7,8 28,6 37,7 20,8 5,2 2,87 Bien phap giao due ciia GV I 45,5 35,1 7,8 2,6 1,88 9,1 to chiic hitdng dan tro chdi Ket qud nghien eflu cho thay mflc dd anh hrfbng cua cdc yeu td mang tfnh chal khdch quan cd mflc cao hbn cae yeu to mang tinb chu quan cua dfla tre Quan sb lieu drfdc md ta tren bdng thi yeu tb 'blen phdp giao due cfla giao vien td cbflc trb cbdi" anb hrfdng cao nhat den mflc kT ndng chbi hdp tdc cua tre, diu ndy cho thay chinb bien phap eua GV lam thay dd'i nhan thflc chdi, den hanh dpng ehdi cua tre GV cang theo ddi tre chdi nhieu va cd kl hoach gido due de phal trien kT nang chbi hbp tae d tre thi hieu qua giao due cdng cao Ben canh db thi "mdi Irflbng ehdi" Id yeu to anh hflbng Ibn thfl hai sau "bifn phap tdc ddng cua GV" Mbi trflbng drfdc ddnh gid Id "ngflbi thay thfl 3" sau cd gido va gia dinh Viec ed gido quan tdm thiel ke mbi trrfbng chdi cho tre de lao cdc tinh huong hap dan tre chdi, ddng thbi dd diing chdi GV chua'n bj mang net gan gui vdi cudc song, phong phu Id dieu hdp dan tre chdi va sinh y trfdng chbi Sfl li'ch cflc chu ddng cua bdn than dfla tre Id yeu id cd mflc db anh hrfbng thfl sau "mdi tnlbng ehdi", qua nghien cflu tudn dn thay rang neu tre cbu ddng va tfch erfc qud ttinh chdi, cung nhfl dfldc chu ddng, ticb cflc qua trinh chbi khbng bj dp ddt bdi GVkbi xdy dflng y tflbng ehdi, phdn vai ehdi, dae biet la chgn nhdm chbi lbi day drfbc coi l_d yeu id mang tfnh chat xue lac lam cho qua trinh gido due kT ndng chdi hdp tac eua GV dien de dang va mang lai hieu qua cao hdn Cuoi cung la dac diem tam, sinh tf cua tflng ca nban ire cflng anh hflbng den viec gido due kT nang hbp tac cho tre, nhien so vdi cdc yeu td da phan lich tren tbi mflc dd anh hflbng cua yeu Cd la thap nhal, vi ire 5-6 tuoi dd bgc Id rd nhflng net tinb each neng biet, vdn kinh nghiem cua tre nhieu va tre tfl tin manh dgn hdn cdc dd tud'i trrfde Dac biel la kT ndng giao lilp phdl trien tdt Tuy nhien cung cd mdt vai trrfbng bdp tre phat Crien ve tam, sinb li cham hdn so vdi ludi, va dieu phan nao cung anh hrfbng den boat ddng nhdm chdi ndi chung, cung nhrf toe dp hinh va phat trien kT ndng hdp tae cua ca nhdn tre ndi rieng 143 2.4,4 Ket qua khao sat vl thuan Idi va kho khan cua GV viec giao due kT nang hdp tac cho tre - tuoi Thudn lpi v l phfa nhd trrfbng: Drfdc stf quan tdm chl dao eua ban gidm hieu nhd trrfbng yeu cau thflc hien bd chuan phal trie'n Ire tud'i, db chua'n thfl 11: "Tre Ihe hien sfl hdp tde vbi ban be va ngrfdi Ibn xung quanh" eb ehi sd cho chuan 11 dd la: Lang nghe y kiln cua ngrfbi khdc; Trao ddi y kien eua minh vbi cdc ban; The hien srf thdn thien, dodn kll vbi ban be; Chdp nhdn sfl phdn cdng cua nhbm ban vd ngfldi ldn; Sdn sang thflc hien nhiem vu ddn gian cung ngrfdi khac Ve phia tre Tre 5-6 tud'i dd cd mdt Irfbng von tfl phong phu, va the hifn tflbng doi lot kha ndng giao tiep So vdi eac Ifla tudi trfldc, von kinh nghiem song cua tre md rbng hdn va cd kha ndng thilc lap moi quan he vdi ban be ehdi Kho khdn GV cho rang so tre ldp qud dbng qua trinh to chflc cac boat ddng vdl khoi Ifldng thdi gian cho phep GV khd bao qudt hit ede nhdm chdi, cung nhfl quan tam den dac diem ed nhdn Clia Ire qud trinh hoat ddng ehung Do dung dd chdi cua tre cbn chrfa phdng phu, thay ddi chu dl chu die'm thi chu yeu them cae tranh anh, cdn dd chdi cua tre tbi cung cd thay doi nhrfng cdn ban ehe Chrfdng trinh giang day mac du da gidm lai, nhien van cdn nang ne va tao dp Irfc cho giao vien qua trinh to' chflc hoat dgng, cdng viec d irflbng ca ve nhd phdi ehuan bj gido an, va dung chbi vao buoi toi, dong thdi cham lo cho hanh phuc gia dinh cho nen khdng cb nhilu thbi gian de dau Itf vl mat y tfldng eung nhrf dd dung, dd chdi cho eac hoat ddng cua ire 2.5 Danh gia ket qua khao sat thtfc trang giao due kT nang hdp tac cho tre 5-6 tuoi tren dia ban Tinh Binh Dtfdng - Danh gia chung Thli nhdt: Hdu hit cac giao vien deu y thflc dfldc tam quan trgng cua viec giao due ki nang hdp tdc cho tre -6 ludi nhd Irrfbng mau giao b nhilu khia canh khac nhfl phdl trien sfl hda ddng d tre, tang cflbng srf trf tin giao tiep, phat huy kha nang dilu phoi va y thfle khang djnh minh lap the, cung nhfl gdp phan ren Iuyen va hoan