Sri D I I N DAN D6| THOAI Do! mdi chirdng trmh va sach giao Ichoa mon NguTvan trung hoc pho thong VUQU6CANH* Nghi quyet Hgi nghi Trung iXOng 8 khoa XI vedoi mdi can ban, toan di$n giao due va dao tao[.]
S r iD I I N D A N - D | THOAI Do! mdi chirdng trmh va sach giao Ichoa mon NguTvan trung hoc thong VUQU6CANH* Nghi quyet Hgi nghi Trung iXOng khoa XI vedoi mdi can ban, toan di$n giao due va dao tao da xac dinh muc tieu cua giao due phd thdng la tap trung phat trien tri tue, the chat, hinh pham chA't, nang hlc cho hgc sinh; hoan viec xay diing chuang tnnh giao due phd thong giai doan sau nam 2015 Trong do, van dS ddi mdi ehiidng trinh va sach giao khoa bg mdn NgU van d b$c trung hgc phd thong nhan diidc sii quan tSm sau sdc cua toAn xa hoi Thirc trang day hoc NguTvan va yeu cau dii cdch he tiiong giao due Thflc trang day hpc Ngfl van nha trfldng phd thdng hien rd't dang lo ngai NMlu hpe sinh co bilu hidn khdng thich, thdm cM chan ghet hpc mdn Cd nMlu nguyen nhan dUdc dUa dl ly giai cho hidn tUdng tren nhfl, "Idi cua thdi dai" (thdi dai khoa hpc va cdng nghd cao), khdng ed nMlu ed hfli diu ra, che'dp vd chinh sach dai ngd chfla thda dang, nhd't la chfldng trinh, sdch giao khoa, sdch hfldng ddn giang day; quy trinh kilm tra, danh gia, tM cfl va ca clu true hd thdng giao due qude ddn cdn bpc Id khflng it nhflng bit cdp ChUdng trinh d blu hit cac mon hpe ehUa that sfl phfl hdp 44 I Sd90 (6-2014) vdi cae dm tfldng hpe sinh khac nhau, vfla qua tai doi vdi bd phdn hpc sinh md sau ndy, nganh nghi hp lUa chpn va theo dudi sudt ddi khflng nhit thilt phai tilp nhdn khdi lUdng tri thflc nMeu den the, lai viia non tai dm vdi bd ph^n hpc smh ma nganh nghi hp Ifla chpn va theo dudi sudt ^ cin phai dfldc trang bi mdt lUdng tri thflc ldn hdn thd Do dd, mudn ed sfl ddi mdi todn didn vd tridt di, trfldc hit phai xem xdt lai cd'u tnic ciia he thdng gido due qudc ddn Khflng cd sU phan ludng hpc sinh hdp 1^ sau bdc trung hpc cd sd tM sfl qui tai vd non tii cua chudng trinh va sach giao khoa edn Id M^n tUdng nan giai thdi gian ddi nfla Thflc t l cho thdy, cac qudc gia cd nin giao di^ic ph&t triln tren the gidi diu thi hi^n rit ro si^ phan ludng hpc sinh dl dinh hudng hpc tdp lau dai Vi du, d Cdng hda Hen bang Dflc, sau bde tieu hpe, khoang 30% sd'hpc sinh dUdc dUde chpn de djnh hudng hpe len dai hpc vdi chfldng trinh cao hdn, 70% sdhpc sinh cdn lai dUde hUdng vao hpc cdc trUdng trung hpc i^hl va trUdng dao tao nghi Nhilu nudc khu viic vd tren the gidi deu cd su phdn ludng tfldng tu vdi khoang 30% sd hpe sinh hpc len dai hpe se dUdc dp dung mdt chUdng trinh r i t cao mang tinh phan hda ro ret Ddi vdi chfldng trinh vd sach giao khoa trung hpe phd thdng nUdc ta, giai phap Mdn Id mdi ehi cd mflt dd chdnh khoang 20% thdi Ifldng vd dung Ifldng tri thfle gifla * TS, Bp Giao due v^ Bko t?LO ^nissnnMiL^sm HKSinhTiif6ngTniiighKpholliDngHiiyidi1hdclOiiiig(tiianh|iMVhih)dl«cgUe*U^ chUdng trinh ban cd ban vdi khdng phai cM tao su khac ban nang cao ndn khdng giai bidt gifla cdc chUdng trinb quyet dUdc vide chUdng trinh bang sfl bdn kem v l thdi Ifldng va saeb gido kboa thoat khdi md chu ylu c i n dUdc xdc djnh tinh trang nha't t h i hda; bdi mue tieu dao tao; dung vdy, e i n cd dd chdnh ldn hdn lUdng vd mflc dp tri thflc, ky nfla Vi du nhu mdn Ngfl vdn nang can tMit; ddi hdi cua d ban nang eao v l khoa hpc xa thuc tien ddi sdng, cua sU phdt hdi va nhdn van phai can dd'n trien kinh t l , xa hdi, khoa hpc, hoac tidt/tuln, edng nghe; nang lUc va hflng dd, d ban ed ban vdn danh eho thfl t i l p nhdn cua dm tUdng hpc sinh thien v l eae mdn thu hfldng khoa hpc tu nMen tM cM c i n Sfl thay ddi ve cau trfle hd tiet/tuln NgUdc lai, vdi mdn Tban d ban nang cao v l khoa thd'ng giao due qudc ddn e i n dfldc coi la ye'u to'tien quyii va hpe tfl nMdn eiing c i n de'n hodc tiet/tuln, kM dd, tiiet dd eua sfl dd'i mdi chUdng d ban cd ban danh cho khoa trinh vd sach gido khoa, ngo hpc xa hpi va nhdn vdn khdng h i u ldm thay ddi dUde didn c i n den qua t i l t / t u l n Vdi mao eua gido due ndi ehung va cac mdn khae cung c i n cd sfl giai quyet dUdc nhiing b i t cap tinh toan vd phan bd thdi eua vide hpc vdn va day van Ifldng tfldng tfl Dfldng nMen Men ChUMig trinh va sach giao Ithoa mon NguTvan trung hoc thdng hien hanli va mot so de xuat doi mori sau nam 2015 So vdi chUdng t r i n b Ngfl van thuc hien khoang thdi gian tfl nam 1993 d i n trfldc nam 2000 la lfle dang tid'n hanh thi diem phdn ban t r u n g hpc phd thdng, t h i ehUdng trinh mdn Ngfl van thflc Men sau nam 2000 ed nhiing budc t i l n dang ke Dd la, ehUdng trinh d p t r u n g hpc phd thdng dUdc xem xet lai vd dat mdt tdng t h i , quan tam d i n eac moi tUdng quan vdi chfldng t r i n h Ngfl vdn tieu hpc vd trung hpe cd sd; nhien, khdng t r a n h khdi nhflng "dd venh" khdng ddng nha't v l quan S690 (6-2014) I 45 IHr D I I N DAN - Ddi THOAI diem va thdi gian bien soan ehUdng trinh eua tflng cap Bd chUdng trinh giao due thflng cho ca ba eip hpe va d ta't ea cdc mdn hpc, dd cd chUdng trinh mdn Ngfl van dfldc Bd Gido due va Dao tao ban hdnh cflng vdi chudn kid'n thfle ky nang vao nam hpc 2005 - 2006 la van ban phap quy hoan cMnh nhd't, cd mflt sd Uu dilm nhu: quan dilm t i l p can bien dai; coi trpng viec xdc djnh chuan kie'n thflc ky nang eho tflng ehUdng, tflng chu d l cu the dd ghi ro mflc dfl can dat; bien soan sdch gido khoa theo budng tich hdp, chfl trpng muc tieu ren nang lUc; tao dilu kien va cd sd cho vide dd'i mdi npi dung, phUdng phap ddnh gia k i t qua cho hpc sinh Tuy nMen, sau nMlu nam thUc thi, ehUdng trinh va sdch giao khoa Ngfl van van cdn n h i l u dilu e i n ehinh sfla ChUdng trinh vd sdch giao khoa cdn nang ne, vfla qua tai ldn non tai, phan phoi thdi lUdng cho Tid'ng \^et, Van hpc va Lam van chUa that hdp ly, mdt so' van ban van hpc dUdc dfla vao chfldng trinh chfla tao dUdc sflc hd'p ddn cho hpc sinh, ehUa phfl hdp vdi yeu cau ddi mdi eiing nhfl tam ly Ifla tudi hpc sinh, sU tieh hdp chua thUc sU n h u i n nhuyen nen bidu qua khdng dUdc nhU mong mud'n Do dd, ehUdng trinb va sdeh gido khoa mdi sau nam 2015 46 I S690 (6-2014) can cd nhflng thay ddi phfl hdp TrUdc tien, chUdng trinh vd sach giao khoa Ngfl van c i n bao dam thfle hidn dfldc mue tieu: giup hpe sinh rdn luyen ky nang giao tilp, ky ndng thu thdp va xfl ly thdng tin de trien khai nhflng bai viet hay bai nghien cflu nhd; phat triln ndng lfle t h i m my cho hpe sinh thdng qua nhiing tac phdm vdn bpc dae sdc, kham pha ban thdn va thd' gidi xung quanh, tha'u Mdu gid tri nhan ban vd than phdn ngudi; phdt trien nang lfle tu duy, nha't la tU phan bidn, sU tu tin, tinh tfl lap vd tinh than cdng ddng cho mdi cd nhdn ngfldi hpc; trang bi cho hpe sinh nhflng kiln thfle cd ban v l ngdn ngfl va van hpc Mud'n nhu vdy, chfldng trinh va sach gido khoa mdi sau nam 2015 can cd tinh phan hda va phdn ludng rd rdt, khde hoan toan v l c h i t ma khflng phai cM la sfl chdnh lech v l thdi lUdng, sfl hdn kem va khac biet ve tae p h l m ndy hay tac p h l m khac, hoac sfl khac biet v l thdi gian hpe eiing mdt tac p h l m d cac ban Can xem xet va xdy dflng chfldng trinh tren eai nMn toan cue, he thong tfl tilu hpe, qua trung hpc ed sd d i n trung hpc phd thdng, t r a n h vide trung lap; cdn chfl y tinh vfla mflc, phfl hdp vdi dp tudi, tfl dd d i n khd Xem xdt de dilu ehinh thdi lUdng va ndi dung cua cdc phdn mdn, dd gia tang van ban vdn hpe mflt each hdp ly, trdnh phfle tap hda mdt sdvd'n d l thude phdn mdn Tieng ^^dt vd l;y ludn van hpe Ve vide lua chpn tac phlm vdn hpe, c i n chfl trpng viec lua chpn nhflng tde pham mang dam tinh van hpc va Id tde pham (Enh cao Ddy eung la mpt khd khan cho nhiing nha bien soan sach giao khoa Tuy nhidn, khd cflng khdng t h i khdng lam, e i n tim dUdc mdu sd' ehung mdt each tUdng ddi Bdi vay, viec rd soat lai vd dUa vao chfldng trinh Ngfl van sau 2015 nhiing tde pham cd gia tri, sdng mai vdi thdi gian la vd eung d n tMet C i n cd sU hai hda kM lua chpn cac tde pham ed chu d l v l tinh than yeu nUdc vd y cM chong xam lUdc vd v l cupc sd'ng ddi thudng, ve thien nMdn va tinh yeu tMen nhidn, v l pbong tuc tap qudn; nhflng tae phlm td eao va vach t r i n cai dc, cdi x i u vdi eae tac pham d l cao eai dep, cdi tMen va su diu tranh bao ve cai dep, cdi tMdn, cdi eao ea trdn ddi Ben canh dd, nhiing tae p h l m dUdc dfla vao chfldng trinh can mang hdi thd cua thdi dai, phfl hpp vdi tam ly Ifla tudi hpe sinh vd nhat Id can cd sflc hap ddn Tdm lai, viec thay ddi chfldng t r i n h vd sach giao khoa cac mdn hpc ndi ehung va mdn Ngfl van ndi rieng c l n | theo hfldng tM'ch flng vdi thdidai mdi, tao dudc tao dflpc hflng thu cho ngUdi tie'p nhkai^ bao dam muc tieu nang cao chd't lupng cua hoat dflng day -TSEESESOMmS va hpc V l vd'n d l nay, tai phien hpp thfl 27 cua tiy ban Thudng vu Quoc hfli khai mac 14-4-2014, tiy ban dd xem xet ban hanh Nghj quyet v l ddi mdi ehUdng trinh, sdch gido khoa giao due thdng (thay t h i Nghj q u y l t sd 40/2000/QHlO, 09-122000, cua Qud'c hdi v l ddi mdi chUdng t r i n h gido due phd thdng) cflng nhu Du thao D l dn dd'i mdi ehUdng trinh, sach giao khoa gido due phd thdng sau nam 2015 Thfl trudng Bd Giao due va Dao tao Nguydn Vinh Hiln trinh bdy Td trinh eua Chmh phu va nhdn dinh: Dd'i mdi ehUdng trinh, sdch giao khoa giao due thdng phai khae phuc nhflng ban c h i cua chUdng trinh, sdch gido khoa hidn hdnh; giao due hpc sinh phdt t r i l n toan dien va phat huy td't nhd't t i l m nang, kha ndng sang tao cua mdi hpc sinh; bao dam hdi hda gifla "day ehii", "day ngudi" va dinh hudng n g h i ngMdp Ndi dung giao due phd thdng phai tilp can trinh dd giao due phd thflng d eae nUdc tien tid'n khu vUe va thd' gidi, cdn ddi gifla day kid'n thfle vdi giao due dao dflc, Ifli sfl'ng, Hch sii, van boa dan tde cflng nhu thnh hudng nghe ngMep Ooi moi phUoTng phap day hoc vk doi mdi Iciem tra danh gia icet q u i hoc tap cija hoc sinh G i n day, boat ddng d cdc trUdng, tfl trung hpc thflng d i n cao ddng, dai hpc, hieu qua cao nhd't qua ndi dung ddi mdi phUdng phap trinh giang day Va sau d l y day va hpc dupe d l cdp de'n mdi Id phfldng phdp Ma thfldng xuyen hdn nham ndng ca phUdng phdp ciing khdng cao chdt lUdng giao due - dao cd mdu sd' chung eho ta't ca tao Nhilu phUdng phap da mpi ngfldi Mdi ngUdi tfl tim dfldc dp dung, nMlu boat ddng tha'y phfldng phdp cua rieng da dupe thfle Men cac imnh tren cd sd nhiing nguyen nha trUdng nhU: khuyin kMeh ly chung, tfly vdo nhflng thdi hpc sinh, sinh vien chuyen dilm nha't djnh ma dp dung cin, tich cUc, chu dpng hpc tdp phUdng phap tMch hdp Dd'i mdi pbUdng phap day va cd y thflc vUdn ldn; hUdng ddn hpc sinh each tu hpc; ehu hpc khdng phai la vide phat trpng ren luyen cho hpc sinh buy tinh tich cUc eua hpc sinh phUdng phdp tu duy, tao hflng mflt each phong trao, khdng thfl, kieh tMeh nhu eau hanh phai d vide trinb chieu bang, dpng va y cM vfldt khd, vUdt bieu nhdm thay vide dpc khd; k i t hdp gifla viee hpc tap chep bang vide nhin - chep, cd nhdn vdi hpc tap hdp tac, hay viec hudng ddn hpe sinh gdn tri thflc vdi ddi sd'ng; phat cdch bpc va tfl hpc vao it phut huy tinh tich cUc, chu ddng, cudi tidt day mpt each cMd'u Id, sang tao, tie'p nhdn c6 phan hpc theo nhdm d l tao sfl thay bien, tu khdm phd va chilm dd'i boat ddng hay chuyen viec linh tri thflc; khuyen khich soan giao an t r u y i n thd'ng vide dp dung cdng nghd thdng bang viec soan giao an dien tfl tm, ban tu duy, day vd hpc hoac flng dung edng nghe theo nhdm, hpc tdp thdng qua thdng tin Doi mdi phfldng cdu lac bd Trung tdm vd la phap day hpc, nhdt la giang ngudi thuc hidn nhflng boat day tac pham vdn hpc, cung dpng dd khflng phai khae khdng phai la cbdi bd phUdng ngoai ngudi thay, Cai cd't Idi phap diln giang truyin thd'ng vdn la d ngudi thay va vd ldi the cua phUdng phdp ngUdi thiy, ma d i l u quyd't ndy Bd qua hodc quan tam djnh la vfl'n tri thflc, y thflc va khdng dflng mflc d i n phfldng hdnh ddng cu t b i d l tu nang phdp diln giang, nha't Id d van cao trinh dp, bdi duSng va cdp ban trfl tinh, thi cM c6 the cho nhat tri thflc mdi Bdi tri thflc hpc sinh dpc va h i i u dUde van xd hpi vd cflng rdng ldn va ban mdt each t h u l n tfly ma thay ddi tiftig ngdy, tflng gid, khdng lam cho hpc sinh cd ngfldi t h i y can khdng ngflng dUdc nhflng xuc cam chan, hpe tap md mang tri thfle, c i n thien, my mdt each thUe su "trUdng vd'n" mdi cd t h i "di b i t nha't hay cd dupe sfl cam hiiu bieh, flng van bid'n", tMch flng sdu sac Do vdy, nhflng phfldng vdi cae tinh hudng d l dat dupe phap, bien phap tren c i n dudc , (6-2014) I ^ ^ D I I N O A N - THOAI dp dung mdt each thuc chat, phai la k i t qua cua sU d i u tu tam tri, sflc luc, nhiet huylt cua ngudi t h i y va phai dUde vdn dung linh boat d tflng bai, tuCng Idp, tiing thdi dilm khac Vi t h i , ben canh kiln thflc thi ban linh, sU t r a i ngMdm cua ngUdi thay ddng vai trd vd cung quan trpng vdi vide dp dung cflng cdc phUdng phdp day hpc dfli mdi; dap flng yeu clu, muc tidu cua n i n gido due tien tiln - kM md ngudi hpc nhdn dUdc nhiing ndng luc tri tud cua minh di di tim tilp nhiing ldi giai cho nhfliig vdh d l chua ban hoan todn da biit, theo dudng phu hdp nhd't vdi nang Me tri tue ca nhan Viee ddi mdi phUdng phdp day hpc ludn Id vd'n di ndng cua nganh gido due va nhdn dUdc sU quan tdm cua todn xd hfli ThUe te cho thay, viec ddi mdi phUdng phdp day hpc gap nMlu khd khan khdng cM d nhiing khu vUc ndng thdn, viing sdu, viing xa md cdn d ca khu vuc t h a n h thi, nhflng trung tdm dd thi ldn Cd mpt thUc trang la d nhflng phd ldn, sd bpc sinh trdn mflt Idp thfldng qud ddng, eho nen dfl mdt bang dan tri va kinh td' cao, cd d l y du tien ngM va cd sd vdt chd't tM cdc giao vidn dfl cd gang den may eiing khd cd thd ddi mdi phfldng phdp day hpe mdt each Meu qua Tfl hdn ntta t h i ky qua, tfl ludn ludn dfldc coi la phUdng phap kilm tra, ddnh gia 48 I 5690 (6-2014) nhd't Bdi le, cam nhdn mflt tae p h l m van chUdng phai la sU cam n h a n tdng t h i ve d l tai, t u tfldng chu di, hinh tUdng, ngdn ngfl nghd thudt, nhan vdt vd xung dflt nhdn vdt, cam hflng vd gipng didu vdn chfldng, t r a o lUu va phong each, y ngMa xa hdi dao dflc vd n h a n sinh Cho nen, k i l m t r a mdt each tdng the, khflng t h i khflng dflng d i n hinh thflc tfl Man Tuy nhien, ddi sd'ng hien dai, quy thdi gian h a n hep, su tac ddng cua vdn hda nghe nhin khid'n ngUdi ta khdng du tM gid dd cam nhdn mpt each tdng the ma cd chi la mdt mang, mdt khia canh nhlft djnh G i n ddy, kiem tra theo hinh thflc trde nghiem ciing dflde ban tdi nMlu va sii dung mpt phan d l tM mdn Ngfl van Mdi phfldng p h a p d i u ed nhiing flu, nhude dilm rieng, bdi vdy khdng ndn tuydt dd'i hda phfldng p h a p ndo va nen dp dung mdt each Hnh boat Cdch d l theo hudng md, danh mpt khoang trdng cho sfl sang tao eua hpe sinh dang dfldc nhilu ndi thUc Mdn Day la mpt hfldng tich cflc, giflp moi hpe sinh cd t h i ndi len nhflng cam n h d n cua rieng minh, dflde binh gia vd'n d l tren cd sd quan dilm thdm my cua ca nhdn, cd cdn ed nhiing phan bien nha't djnh Vd'n d l ddt la c i n ban bac va thdng nh^t viee di md, mflc dp sao, ed hay khdng ed dinh hudng ddi vdi de md, ngn g i n k i t vdi eae sU kien van hda, xa hdi, kinh t l , chinh tri, cdp nhdt nhiing v l n d l thdisti cua d i t nflde cdc dltl^ dang md d l p h a t huy tuih nang ddng va sang tao cua ngudi hpc Cd t h i th^y, hoat ddng dfi mdi chUdng trinh vd sdch giao khoa Ngfl vdn sau nam 2015 cung n h u ddi mdi phfloi^ phdp day hpe da vd dang tr3 t h a n h vd'n de bflc tMit coa nganh giao due - dao tao hien va dat r a n M l u cau hra c i n t r a ldi Giao due phd thdng Vidt Nam ndi chung vi chUdng t r i n h gido due pU thdng ndi ridng c i n dfldc dS mdi mflt cdch can ban, toan didn d t i t ea nhflng v i b de ldn, edt loi de nang eao < lUdng giao due, chd't lUdng ngudn n h a n lue va thflc hifin cac ydu c l u ma Nghi quyft cua Dang da d l Dii mfli chfldng trinh, sach gido khoi Id mpt cflng viflc trpng dai, cin huy dflng tri tue cua nMlu ca n h a n vd tdp t h i ; d i u tfl nhieu ngudn lfle; can cd sfl dong tinh, thdng n h i t phdi hdp cua nMlu cd quan, ban ngdnh vi cdc td chfle xa hfli Hy vpng, hudng di va mdt sd giai phap da dUdc d l bai viltco t h i la mdt nhiing hoat ddng cu t h i , t h i l t thflc go] p h i n thUc hidn tUng biidc, tiXng bd phAn cho cudc cai each cdn ban va todn didn nin giao due - dao tao nudc n h d j menh Idnh cfla cupc sfl'ngi ... dflng chfldng trinh tren eai nMn toan cue, he thong tfl tilu hpe, qua trung hpc ed sd d i n trung hpc phd thdng, t r a n h vide trung lap; cdn chfl y tinh vfla mflc, phfl hdp vdi dp tudi, tfl dd... tUdng hpc sinh thien v l eae mdn thu hfldng khoa hpc tu nMen tM cM c i n Sfl thay ddi ve cau trfle hd tiet/tuln NgUdc lai, vdi mdn Tban d ban nang cao v l khoa thd''ng giao due qudc ddn e i n dfldc... de''n hodc tiet/tuln, kM dd, tiiet dd eua sfl dd''i mdi chUdng d ban cd ban danh cho khoa trinh vd sach gido khoa, ngo hpc xa hpi va nhdn vdn khdng h i u ldm thay ddi dUde didn c i n den qua t