LffT!Mjff»v imnimii i jm''''i Ddi mdri giao due dao tao bac hoc pho thong nen bat dau tur Idfp hoc BANG HUVNH MAI* "Doi mdi can ban va toan dien giao due dao tao" la mgt trong nhiing nhiem vu quan trgng[.]
LffT!Mjff»v:imnimii.i-jm'i Ddi mdri giao due - dao tao bac hoc thong nen bat dau tur Idfp hoc BANG HUVNH MAI* "Doi mdi can ban va toan dien giao due - dao tao" la mgt nhiing nhiem vu quan trgng dttde Nghi quyet Hgi nghi Trung Hdng khoa XI cua Dang dera TH dSh nay, eo rKt nhieu hgi thao, tga dam ban ve v£n de nay, diidc cac nha sii pham dac biet quan tam va eo nhieu hien kecho sii nghiep ddi mdi giao due niidc nha Phiidng phap "Ddi mdi giao due - dao tao d b^c hge thong nen bit diu tH Idp hgc" la mgt hiidng tiep c$n thiic tien, thudng nhat day - hge rat can diidc tham khao PhUomg phap "bao cl^p" \k thUc trang day - hpc bam sach giao i(hoa Hidn nay, ra't nhilu ngudi quan tam din Nghi quylt sd' 29-NQ/TW, 14-11-2013, cua Hdi nghi Trung Udng khoa XI v l ddi mdi can ban, todn didn giao due va dao tao Sau Nghi quyet dUdc trien khai, hang loat eau hdi dUde dat ra, dd cd: Ai se la ngudi dUdc hudng thu true tilp tfl chu trUdng cua Dang, Nha nude? Chac ehdn rang, td't ca diu mong mufl'n ngudi thu hudng la t h i hd tre, nhfliig hpc sinh thdn ydu Nhu vay, dl Nghi quyd't di vao eude sd'ng thi mpi sU chi dao cung nhu giai phdp diu phai xua't phat tfl hpc sinh, vi hpc sinh ma ddn vi khdi diem chinh la Idp hpc Bdi xet cho cung, 16p hpc la ndi giao vien va hpe sinh hoat ddng hang ngay, hang gid; ndi trang hi kie'n thflc eho hpc sinh sudt mdt chang dudng dai 12 nam giao due phd thdng; ndi de gido vien gdp phan hinh va phat triln nhan each eho the he tre Qud trinh ay cdn dUdc gpi la qua trinh "Day tre hpc lam ngudi", bao gom vide dao tao mpt the' he mdi vfla bao tdn dfldc van hda dac trflng cua mdt dan tpc, vfla phai dfldc trang bi kiln thflc, ky nang sdng Mdn dai Bao tdn van hda dac trUng ddi vdi nUdc ta dUdc gpi theo mdt each khac la giao due dao dflc Qua quan sat thUc te' giang day tai 31 nha trUdng vdi 31 Idp hpc d bdc phd thdng tfl tieu hpc dd'n trung hpc phd thdng cua mdt so tinh eho thay, mdt dilu chac chan rdng co thi bdt diu thflc hien "Dd'i mdi can ban va toan didn giao due Viet Nam" tfl mSt tiet hpc, tfl Idp hpc Vide ddi mdi co thi * NGND, TS, nguyen Thfl triiSng Bo Giao due vk Bko tao SO90|(6-2014)| 15 ^ TIEU0liM:G6PPHAN0^^ OiiJltiUc hanh mon Sinh hotda hot sinh Itq) 11 dl uyen SinhTnltmgTrurghocpho thong chuyer Thing Long, Da lat dua tren y l u td' can ban tae ddng den hpc sinh: 1- Giao vien, ngUdi lanh dao, cM huy va trUe tie'p giang day cho hpc sinh mpt tap t h e Idp; 2- Can bd cM dao chuyen mdn cua phdng giao due, sd giao due - ddo tao, ngUdi dai dien n g a n h giao due, lanh dao d cd sd diing xdy dung, thiet kd' phUdng phdp day hpc t a i ed sd, ddng thdi la ngfldi r a d l kiem t r a chat lUdng, hpc ky, cha'm thi va cflng nhdn gido vien day gidi; 3- Sach giao khoa, cdng cu day hpc cua gido vien; 4- P h u 16 I 50901(6-2014) huynh hpc sinh, ngUdi giup hpc sinh c h u a n bi bai hpc trUdc den Idp Se khdng ed gi khac n h a u v l sU hudng t h u giao due cua hpc sinh, hay noi each khac la t a t ea hpc sinh chi ed the dUdc hpc, dupe hudng ddn va tu g i n gidng nhU n h a u gido vien ehi dfldc b a m vao sach gido khoa d l giang day Giao vidn hidn vdn khdng dam bd sdt mdt ddng, mpt y, t h a m ehi edn khdng dam de sai mdt tfl ciia sach giao khoa t r o n g qua t r i n h day hpe t r e n Idp Ddy la phfldng p h a p m a cdc nha giao due cho rdng "Tra bai tfl sach gido khoa" hodc "PhUdng phap bam sach gido khoa" Cbl nhfl vay, can bg chi dao ehuyen mdn mdi khflng phe p h d n gido vidn k h i thflc hien k i l m t r a gid giang Cfl tri phfldng p h a p tM n h a giao ehung ta se khflng khac gi mflt cdng cu "may chieu"; hdn nfla, de chuyin tai thdng tin tfl sdch giao khoa d i n hpc sinh, b i t chd'p ddi tfldng trfldc mat rainh la nhU t h i ndo: thudc gia dinh ngheo, khd khdn, -QXaSBBSSESQ giau CO, vflng xa xfli heo lanh Day la san p h l m cua vide day - hpc m a n g t i n h "bao e^p" n h u Nghi quyd't sd 29-NQ/TW neu: "Muc tieu giao due chua dfldc hieu va thfle hidn dung Tu bao ea'p cdn n a n g , lam h a n che k h a n a n g h u y ddng cdc ngudn lUc xa hfli dau tu cho giao due dao tao" Hien tUdng hpc nhdm va tuyen dUdng hpe sinh n h u hien cung la vd'n de can phai xem lai Qua k h a o sat 31 giao vien ve hien tUdng ndy, da n h a n dUdc 30 cau t r a ldi: "Chi mang tinh Mnh thfle va hoan toan dUde chuan bi trUdc ne'u cd dai b i l u de'n dU gid" Thfle eha't, vide hpc nhdm n h u vdy cung la mdt l l n nfla giao vien va hpe sinh lam theo sach giao khoa Qua t r i n h k h a o sdt dflde ghi n h a n , t r u n g binh mdi t i l t hpc giao vidn t u y e n dUdng khoang 11-12 hpc sinh t r a ldi cdu hoi cua giao vidn dat ra; that ra, viec giao vidn hoi va hpc sinh t r a ldi deu dUa theo sach giao khoa; nhfl vdy, hpc sinh n h d n dupe qud nhieu ldi tuyen dUdng ma khdng phai la dUa trdn sU sdng tao, van ddng cua ca nhan, he qua la se r a t de lam cho hpc sinh trd t h a n h vd cam v l sau Co mpt d i l u p h a n anh g i n n h u gid'ng n h a u ddi vdi cac can bd quan ly gido due, cM dao ehuydn mdn kiem tra, danh gia t i l t day cua gido vien t a i Idp khdng dat ydu c l u d i u "gido v i l n da khdng bam sat sach giao khoa" Bam sdt sdch giao khoa dUde Meu trUdng hdp Id sach viit "Bflc t r a n h trdn tae gia da ve npi dung gi?" tM ba't cfl giao vien nao eung phai lap lai dung mdt edu hdi nhu thd' Dien hinh, bai hpc Dao dflc Idp "Tra lai cua rdi", gan n h u giao vidn ndo cung phdng to bflc t r a n h hai ban nhd dang nhat cua rdi trdn dudng di hpc da dUdc in sach, cd phai la mdt sU khdng tiet kidm kd ca cdng sflc vd tien cua hay khdng? Neu can bd ehi dao ehuyen mdn va Idem tra k i l u tM thdt la qua ddn gian, cM can cd t r e n tay mdt quyen sach giao khoa la du, khflng c i n d i u tfl tri tue va tu duy, khflng c i n phai la can bd chuyen mdn gidi, thdm chi eung khdng can phai la ngudi dUdc ddo tao tfl nganh sU pham V l vai trd cua phu hujTih hpc sinh, eae bdc phu h u y n h cbl c i n minh co diem tot de dUde xe'p h a n g gioi Idp, dfli kM khflng can biet la d i l m tfl't mang lai Idi ich eho eon m i n h hay lam hai dfla tre nen chuan bi bai cho em minh trUdc de'n Idp eung ehi c i n day trUde theo sach giao khoa la du Nhu thd', hpc sinh cd the la'y dUdc d i l m cao tfl giao vien cua minh Va'n d l chinh, cot loi cua giao due Idp hpc p h i n ldn la lien quan de'n sach giao khoa Tri tue tfl sach giao khoa ehi cd dUdc mdt bd phdn, ndi dung cua cac bdi day n h o m chuyen gia dfl xud't chflng den ddu cung khong the nao bao h a m hd't cac vd'n d l thfldng dang dien xung quanh hpc sinh (ke ca cdc vi du dd'i vdi cdc mdn tfl nhien) cupc sd'ng binh di d ndng thon hay xd hdi cdng nghidp thude cdc t h a n h phdldn Dd cung chinh la ly ma lau n h i l u ngUdi cho rdng, n h a trUdng khdng quan tdm de'n vide giao due ky n a n g sd'ng, giao due dao dflc hay ndi each k h a c la day l a m ngudi cho thd' he tre Doi md^ can ban, toan dien giao due - dao tao liac thong nen bat dau til Idp hoc D l Nghi quyet sd29-NQ/TW di vao cudc sfl'ng thi muc tidu giao due eiia nude n h a c i n tha'u triet tfl tudng Hd Chi Minh day hpc sinh: "ifpc de lam viec, lam ngudi lam can bo Hgc di phung sU doan 3690 (6-2014)1 17 TiEU OIEM: GOP P H A N 001 Mdi CAN BAN, TOAN D I E N B A C H Q C PHdTHONG HllN NAY the, phung sU giai cap va nhan dan, phung sU To quoc va nhan loai" ddi vdi ta't ca cac mdn hpe Ddng thdi, thay ddi can ban nhflng gi e i n dUdc day hpc sinh, giao due Idp tre d i l n thudng nhdt mfli trUdng Idp hpc Tfl sU phdn tieh va nhdn thfle trdn, chung tdi xin d l xua't mdt vai nhiem vu ddi mdi trUdc mat doi vdi bdc hpe phd thdng n h u sau: Mgt la, ddi mdi edng tac chi dao va ddnh gia giao vien cua cae cd'p quan ly giao due cung vdi nang lUc can bp c H dao chuyen mdn Can bp cM dao chuyen mdn phai tU dfli mdi va ndng cao n a n g liie ehuydn mfln, d i l u cd the lam dUdc bdng viee thay ddi each nhdn dinh, danh gia doi vdi giao vidn dflng Idp t h a m gia du gid, khao sat, khdng ndn qua chu trpng vdo viee gido vien "khdng bam sdch giao khoa, hode khdng bam chdt sdeh giao khoa" Ydu c l u gido vien tudn thu tridt dd 'Taam chat sdch giao khoa" la ddng ngMa vdi vide khflng ndm chdc, qudn triet cae quan diem dd'i mdi cua Dang Nghi q u y l t sd 29-NQ/TW: "Ndm vflng muc tieu giao due, phUdng phdp bd mdn, t i m nhin cMen Ifldc de CO thd giup gido vien ddi mdi phUdng phap, sang tao 18 I S6901 (6-2014) qud trinh trang hi kie'n thflc cho hpe sinh vfla dam bao tinh khoa hpc, t i l p can, dung dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia vfla bao tdn va p h a t huy net dep cua van hda dan tpc Vidt Nam" Hai la, ban t h a n giao vien c i n dd'i mdi thuc sU tfl ndi dung (trang bi kie'n thflc cho hoc sinh) d i n phUdng p h a p giang day Giao vien cd the t a n dung vdn song ciia hpc sinh d l hudng hpe sinh tU xdy dflng bai hpc ma khdng phai lang phi cflng sflc vao nhflng vide lam vd bd k h i soan bdi giang nhfl trfldc ehi bidt t u a n t h u theo sdeh giao khoa Chang b a n n h u kM day bai "Tra lai eua rdi", khong nhd't thiet la giao vien phai hodn t o a n day theo sach, khdng phai chup a n h de t h i l t ke' den chieu dd chieu mdt hinh anh c6 sdn, giao vien cd t h i gdi y, tuyen dUdng mdt hoac vai hpc sinh cua trfldng da n h a t va t r a lai cua rdi; hoac ngUdc lai, ed thd hdi xem t h a i dp cua hpc sinh d a n h rdi vdt g^ cua cdc em Vdi each l a m nay, thay, cfl giao cd thd trd chuydn vdi t a t ea hpc tro eua minh mdt t i l t hpc, udn n a n sfl lech lac (ndu ed) va hoe sinh ed t h i t u r u t bai hpc cho minh vd hodn t o a n khong cd gi trai vdi mue tieu giao due Chinh vi t h i , nMeu giao vien ddi lue eung dd tam sfl: "Ndu dUdc chu ddng day n h u vdy, chung em se rd't tu tin, Idp hpc cung rd't sinh ddng, n h i l u k h i qua bam theo sach giao khoa chflng em khong biet dUdc hpe sinh cua minh Meu dUde dieu gi, n g h i gi tTdc can bd chi dao h i i u va ddnh gid dung dUdc tdm h u y e t vd sfl sang tao vi muc dich n a n g cao chd't Ifldng day hpe va giao due t h a t sU cua chflng em" Giao vien ra't mong ddi d sU ddi mdi cua can bp ebi dao chuyen mdn, song cMnh ban t h a n gido vien cflng c i n c6 sfl ddi mdi chinh minh tfl t d m h u y e t de'n vide nam vflng kid'n thflc khoa hpc, t a m ly Ifla tudi vd phfldng p h a p day hpc Ba la, e i n t h a y dd'i de c6 mflt cha't lUdng gido due t h a t sU tfl npi d u n g sach gido k h o a de'n phfldng phdp sfl d u n g sach giao khoa day l a vd'n d l cfl't ldi Ngay - - 2 , B a n Chd'p h a n h T r u n g fldng Dang da b a n h a n h Ke't l u d n sd 51 KL/TW, ve D l a n "Dd'i mdi can ban, t o a n didn giao due va dao tao, d a p flng yeu clu cong n g h i e p hda, h i e n dai hda d i l u k i e n kinh te t h i trfldng d i n h hfldng xd hdi chu n g h i a va hpi nhap trl-im-lil-HiiHiBgaSB qude te"*' N g h i quyd't sd 29-NQ/TW da ndu: "Tdng cudng su l a n h dao eu,a Dang va su q u a n ly cua N h a nUdc dd'i vdi q u a t r i n h ddi mdi giao due; tiep tuc ddi mdi m a n h me va ddng bd eac yd'u t d cd b a n ciia ehUdng t r i n h giao due theo hfldng p h a t t r i l n p h l m chd't vd n d n g Iflc c u a ngfldi hpc" GS Dao T r p n g Thi, C h u nhidm Uy b a n Vdn hda Giao due, T h a n h thieu nidn, Nhi dong cua Qud'c hdi cflng cho rdng: Day chfl la t r a n g bi kie'n thflc; edn k h a i niem day ngfldi p h a i h i i u rdng hdn, khflng ndn chi gidi h a n t r o n g p h a m vi giao due dao dflc, ldi sd'ng md cdn bao h a m ca t r a n g bi ky ndng sd'ng, hieu Met v l khoa hpc xa hpi d l tfl hinh thdnh, r e n l u y e n va p h a t t r i e n n h a n each cho hpc sinh; n h i l u bdi giao due edng dan giao vidn edn khflng linh hfli dfldc n h i l u k h a i nidm: vat chd't, y thflc, tdn t a i khach quan, vdt bien chflng gid'ng nhfl mdt giao t r i n h t r i l t hpc sd khai eua bae dai hpc hoac: h a n g hda, gia ca t h i trfldng , gidng n h u hpc mfln k i n h te' hpe thi l a m md day td't cho dUdc Cd le ddy la vd'n d l m a k h i t i l n h d n h "Dd'i mdi can b a n vd todn didn" t r o n g linh vUc sdch giao k h o a cung n h u phUdng p h a p sfl d u n g sach giao khoa eua n g a n h giao due nude n h a rd't e i n dUdc ddi mdi Cu t h i : 1- Ndn ed mdt bd sdch giao khoa mang tinh chinh thflng, dinh hudng vd rd't "phS thdng"ha.o dam viec t r a n g bi kid'n thflc cd ban, hinh t h d n h vd phdt t r i l n nang Iflc chung cua bd mdn 2- Da Id phd thflng thi ndi dung nen ro rang, ngdn ngfl g i n gui vdi cudc sdng hdng ngay, d l hieu, giao vien va hpc sinh d i u ed t h i khai thac ky ndng sdng d l giang day cung n h u hpc tdp, phu hujmh hpc sinh cung ed the sfl dung kha nang h i i u biet cung vd'n sd'ng cua minh giflp em hpc t a p td't hdn Cd t h e ehu thich t h e m each dflng tfl eua ba m i l n Bdc, Trung, N a m cho mpi ngudi ed t h e hidu - Giao vien dUdc t u ehu phUdng phdp sfl dung sach giao khoa Chang b a n n h u d tiet 31 giao khoa Giao due cflng ddn Idp bdc t r u n g hoc ed sd vdi bai "Quyen tU kinh doanh va nghia vu phai ddng thul*', ndu giao vien b a m theo sach giao khoa tM se bi nghdo n a n v l npi dung giang day va ed p h i n xa rdi thiie te', cdn giao vien t a m huyet va chiu khd cap n h d t thi day la mdt t i l t day ra't gan vdi ddi sd'ng thfle t l , mpt sd' hpe sinh cd t h e nhd phu hujTih hd trd giang giai v l cdc loai thud', cac t h u tuc kinh doanh, cac quy dinh mdi bd sung Cd nhfl vay, dd mdi la mflt tidt hpc theo kip xu t h e p h a t t r i e n cua dd't nfldc cung nhu thdi dai 4- N M l u chuydn gia cd t h i t h a m gia bd sung sdch danh cho hpc sinh gidi, trung binh va yd'u Gido vidn, hpc sinh d i u ed t h i t u lUa chpn tfl thj trfldng sach giao khoa phfl hdp vdi ban t h a n Dd thUe hidn t h a n h edng Nghi q u y l t sd 29-NQ/TW nen b i t d i u tfl nhflng gi cd t h i lam cho mflt Idp hpc Tfl Idp hpc ed t h e ddi mdi npi dung va phfldng p h a p day hpc d mdi tidt day vdi tflng giao vien Cd le ddy eung la mpt dfldng cd t h i gdp p h i n "Ddi mdi can b a n va todn didn gido due Viet Nam" vdi budc di xud't phdt tfl cdi r l n h u Bac Hd da tiing can dan: "Td't ea can bp dang vidn eua Dang phai vi Dang, vi ddn m a h a n g h a i phd'n da'u P h a i ehiu khd hpc tdp chinh tri, kinh td', khoa hpc, ky t h u a t de n a n g eao n a n g lfle, lam cho kinh t l p h d t trien, chid'n dd'u t h i n g ldi, ddi sd'ng eua n h a n dan ngdy cang no a'm, tUdi v u i " ! 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