Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
T?p chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Bui Tien Huan NGHIEN CifV TONG QUAN VE GIAO DUG LICH StJ" UC TRONG TRU''''OfNG PHO THONG BOI TlfiN HUAN'''' T 6 M TAX Bdi bdo ndy gidi thieu bdi cdnh, qud Irinh nghien cdu vd cdc[.]
Bui Tien Huan T?p chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM NGHIEN CifV TONG QUAN VE GIAO DUG LICH StJ" UC TRONG TRU'OfNG PHO THONG BOI TlfiN HUAN' T M TAX Bdi bdo ndy gidi thieu bdi cdnh, qud Irinh nghien cdu vd cdc kit qud dgt dugc ciia cdng cugc cdi cdch dgy vd hgc Ljch sir (LS) Uc bdc hgc phd Ihdng giai dogn 2000-2010 Nghien etiu ndy dugc Ihuc hien thdng qua viec tiep can cdc tdi lieu gdc dugc cdng bS tren cdc website chinh thiic ciia DEST, ACARA vd cdc nghien eiru ddng lin cdy dugc ddng Id tren website cug HTAA, AHA vd cdc tgp ehl khoa hgc cd uy tin Tir khda: qudc gia, giao due lich sit, lieh su Ue, day va hpe, trudng phd thdng ABSTRACT An overview ofAustralian history education in high schools The article introduces the context, research process and results of the renovation i teaching and learning Australian history during the period of 2000-2010 The study wa conducted through original materials officially issued by websites of DEST, ACARA and reliable studies in websites of HTAA, AHA and other Keywords: nation, history education, Australian history, teaching and leaming, Mgh school Thye tr^ng giang day L|ch su* Uc trirdng phd thong Nude Ue nhiing nam dau the ki XXI da chiing kiln su xudng ddc cua viec day va hgc LS trudng phd thdng Viee ehan hpc mdn LS eua hgc sinh (HS) [3], su thieu hut cac ngudn tai lieu hd trg, vin de sd lugng va ehit lugng dpi ngii giao vien (GV), sir ap dat va chinh tri hda mdn LS [12], su xem nhe vai trd ciia mdn LS giao due nhan each HS, dinh hinh ban sic dan tpc va hinh thinh nhiing pham ehit cin thiet cho ngudi cdng dan [4], [8], [9] da dugc du luan xa hdi va cae nha khga hpc giao due tai Uc neu ra."Song chi din Chinh phu va ngudi dan Uc ehuan bi bude vag thien nien ki mdi, dinh hinh lai nhimg gia tri Ue thi hp mdi nhan rang vdi vdn LS Men cd, nude Uc khd ed the chilm dugc mgt vi tri quan trgng va day anh hudng tai khu vuc chau A Thai Binh Duong Su thien lech va de cao vai trd thdng tri ciia ngudi da trang, su siing bai nii hoang Anh qudc, su ki thi ngudi nhap cu, sy phan biet va ap bite thd dan, su gan giii ve dia li nhung xa each ve ngoai giao, van hda, tat ca se khien eho Uc dl bi cd lap va tach biet vdi cac qude gia trgng khu virc Tinh trang HS khdng quan tam den LS dit nude ciing dugc ghi nhan qua mgt Igat nhiing bao eao cdng bd ring mirc dg MIU biet LS cua HS la rit kem Nam 1994, Civics Expert Grgup da egng bd ket qua mdt cuge khag sat cho thay gidi • ThS, Vijn NghiSn eiru GiSo dgc, Trudng Bai hpc Su pham TPHCM 167 Tu' lieu thann khao tre d Uc cd su bieu Met rat bdi hgt ve LS chinh tri va thi ehl dit nude Nam 1997, mdt nghien ciiu dugc thuc Men bdi Hdi ddng Qude gia Ki niem 100 nam lap Lien bang Uc (Council for the Centenary of Federation) da thira nhan su thd a cua gidi tre Uc ddi vdi qudc sir qua sd lieu thdng ke dang bao dgng rang chi cd 18% ddi tugng dugc phdng vin biit Edmund Barton la vi thu tudng diu tiSn cua Ue, 43% ddi tugng duge hdi khdng biit "lien bang" ed y nghia gi? (dan lai tir [12]) Theo mdt bao cao lien bang ve quyen va nghTa vu edng dan dugc thuc bien vao nam 2006 cho biet, cbi ed khoang 23% HS ldp 10 biit ll Qude Khanh eua Uc, tiic la ki niem ngudi Anh lan dau tien dat chan den tieu lue dia nam 1788 (Din theo [3]) Tinh trang thilu hieu biit vl LS dit nude da lam tang sir lo lang ciia eae ben cd lien quan vl edng tac giao due LS tai Uc Cac tranh luan ve giao due Lich sirof Uc Nam 2006, bai phat bilu tai National Press Club, Thil tudng J Howard da phat di mdt thdng diep mdi, dng keu gpi mdt "cupc cai each triet dl" nham lam "thay ddi gdc re" viee day va hgc mdn LS nha trudng Ong ndi "Sir that la mgi ngudi den qude gia bdi vi hg mudn trd ngudi Uc Chiing tdi hi vgng tit ca nhimg ngudi den day dlu thuc Men mgt cam kit quan trpng nhat ddi vdi nude Uc dd la tdn h-gng va thim nhuin va cac gia fri luat phap va dan chii Uc" [8] 168 So 65 nam 2014 Ldi keu gpi ciia dng Howard dien sau cudc bao loan lien quan den yeu td sac tge tai Cronulla vao thang 12 nSm 2005 cang khiln dng manh me hon gigng dieu, dng nhan xet thang than rang "5if gdn ket khdng phdi Id sdn phdm cua su may mdn md Id nd lire cua luang tdm vd tap the " Ong Howard cho rang ^dgy LS qudc gia la chia khda cho mgi no li^c nhdm trl bdn sdc vd cdn tinh qudc gia cua lJc^\ Ong nhan manh ^'Nhl^m vu chudn bi cho the he tre phdi Id gldg due di hg tro thdnh nhiing nguai cong ddn co hieu biet vd ndng dpng, Id dgy cho hg cdc xu hudng chinh yeu ve su phdt trien cm qudc gia" Ndi each khae, theo dng Howard, khdng day eau chuy?n qudc gia cd the khiln "Nhung ngudi tre tudi co nguy ca bi tudc quyen ke thira tir cpng dong cda hg neu cpng dgng thieu can ddm vd tu tin di dgy LS qudc gia minh" Ong xem "tinh da sdc tpc ciia Uc Id mpt nhiing siic mgnh Idu ddi ciia quSc gia" Trong dng Howard franh tin dugng mdt each thai qua vl giao dye LS, dng vin tin tudng vag tim quan trpng co ban cua mpt cau chuyen qude gia rieng Met frong nha trudng, dd la khSng djnh mgt dieu co ban: "Dgy nhirng cdu chuyen qudc gia Id quan trgng nhdm bdo ddm siic mgnh vd bdn sdc cug qudc gig " [8] Bai dien van va chinh sach mdi vl giag due LS eua dng Hgward nhan dugc su tan ddng ciia da sd du luan Uc, nhat la eac sit gia Trong mdt la thu giii cho Adelglde Advertiser, Grattan Wheaton da bay td y kiln "ddngy vai tdt cd mgi thii dng Howard id ndi ve viec dgy nhiing mon LS/ Dia ll nhd trudng" Bai Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM viet cho Weblog cua Andrew West an ban online ciia Sydney Morning Herald, mgt so blogger cung ung hg sang kien LS ctia ngai thii tuong, Lexa bay to; "7%eo tdi, LS phdi Id mdt mdn hgc bdt bugc sudt qud trinh gido due cua mgt ngudi" Co mgt quan di^m ph6 biln r5ng vai tro ciia LS qu6c gia la tang cuong va ciing e6 siic manh cho chinh quoc gia 4y Tuong img, vai tro ciia giao dye LS thuang la nham to chiic dk thuc day cau chuyen quoc gia bSng each truyen no lai cho thi h? tilp theo Sau bai dien van ciia ong Howard, thi cuu Bg truang Giao due ba Julie Bishop - da loan bao se to chiic mgt Hgi nghi Thugng dinh LS cap quoc gia bao gdm cac su gia va cac nha bao, cac GV day LS bac thong nham tim kiem nhung each thiic tiep c ^ quoc gia moi van de giang day qua khir quoc gia Ba Bishop khang dinh "f)a din luc cho mgt su phuc himg viec gidng day LS Uc cdc trudng hgc ciia chiing ta" Vao thai diem HS hoan bac hgc trung hgc thong', hg phai co mgt sir hidu biet toan ven ve qua khii cua qu6cgia" [13] Trong mgt la thu gui The Australian, Jenny Hammett da nggi khen sang kiln Hgi nghi, ong n6i: 'To/ thudng chodng vdng bdi cdch ngudi ta biit vi LS ciia chiing ta Uc Id qudc gia cd mdt LS phong phu day su kjeh tinh ldn bi kich vd kinh nghiim gdy dung niem hgnh phuc cita ngirdi Nd la mdt tdm thdm theu nhdt md tir rdt Idu rdi da bi chiim doat bdi nhimg loi- ich cd nhdn, nhirng ngudi muu toan diing sire mgnh ldn at Biii Tien Hudn tdm nhin vd da ngdn chgn su tranh ludn bdng cdch kiem sodt nen gido due cua em chung ta" [14], Mgt phong vien khac, Laf Miranda Kelly, da giii toi The Age moi lo ngai tuong tu, co noi: "Ldm the ndo chiing ta vdi tu cdch Id mdt qudc gia cd the mong dgi de canh tranh tren trudng qudc te niu LS Uc khiim khuyit vd khdng dugc dgy nhu mgt mdn hgc bdt bugc trudng hgc cua chung ta?" Co viet "Neu khdng, chiing ta phdi ddi mat vdi mot thirc te bi thdm rdng nhitng nhd lanh dgo tucmg lai ciia chiing ta se khdng cd y tudng vi cdch thiirc phdt triin ddt nude [6], Sir ling hg nhu vay khong la bit nga Cac yeu cau de day ve '"''Thdnh tuu Uc" truang hgc la m6t quan dilm dugc nhilu dang phai chinh trj khac cua Uc tich cue chia se Hg nhin th§y vai tro quan trgng ciia giao due LS la de giao due ''nhimg cong ddn tuang laf vl ban sac va di san cua quoc gia Bai diln vSn cua 6ng Howard da ma man cho cugc "biit chien LS" quy mo va keo dai den tan Ben canh da so cac y kien iing hg van eo nhfing y kiln ban khoan Vi nhu f kien cua Aima Clark, ba noi ''ddng y rdng su hiiu biit qud khu qudc gia Id rdt cdn thiet cho tdt cd HS" song cao han va quan trgng han, LS phai dugc xem la mgt mon khoa hgc vai nghia la "nhirng kiin thirc cdt loi vi qudc gia " Ba noi "nhung ro rdng Id sir hiiu biit vd nhdn thuc LS khdng din tir nhirng tri thirc thien can" That vay, thuat ngu "am hieu LS''' khong co nghia la biln tuang hoac pha bo qua khii qu6c gia, ma no doi hoi phai c6 nang lire dl 169 Ty lieu tham khao suy ngam-ve nd, hay "HS vd GV ximg ddng dugc md rpng su hieu biet vd phdn tich LS qudc gia, thay vi gidi hgn nd vdo mpt du dn cua chit nghia yeu nude" [3] Hay cac quan ngai viec giang day LS Uc truimg hge bi cac chinh trj gia lgi dung de phuc vu lgi ich dang phai^ hay bau viu de tri nhiing nhan thirc eu kT, mang ti'nh citng nhic, thay vi suy nglm Cae tae gia dua yeu ciu la cac chinh tri gia nen dimg ngoai cudc, thay vi can thiep vao van de chuyen mdn lien quan den giao due LS va quyen tu chii eiia nha frudng [10], [15] Tuy nbiSn, trudc dd frong gidi nghien eiru da xuat Men cai gpi la "biit chien LS" mpt cum tir dugc sir dung bdi giao su Stuart Macintyre, Chu tjch Hdi cae Sir gia Uc va tiln si Aima Clark qua bai bao "history wars"^ ma sau phd bien khip thi gidi Hp iing hd eai each LS nhung phai dimg d gdc dp chuySn mdn chii khdng phai la vin dl dang phai Phat bilu tren kenh ABC, sir gia Stuart Macintyre thira nhan su ein tMit ddi vdi mdt chuong trinh LS qudc gia manh me hon, mien dilu dd khdng gay tdn hai cho viec tham gia phe phan frong ldp hpc Ong ndi: "Tdi nghT tdt cd chung ta deu ddngy rdng chiing to cdn phdi lam nhieu hon de khdi phuc lgi vi tri ciia mdn LS' Song dng cOng thira nhan: "Nhimg ehting ta cdn phdi chdc chdn rdng Id su md rpng cho nhiing quan diim da chieu vd dieu khdng dan gian chi Id mpt su dp dung truyin thv tri thuc" Sir gia Graeme Davison cdn di xa hon, dng khing dinh gia tri cua LS mgt nen dan chu ttf nim frong kha 170 So 65 ndm 2014 nang phat buy tu phe phan: "Chimg ta khdng the khac sdu cdc gid tri ddn chit len chinh the trir chung ta khuyen khich cdc y kien/ su ddnh gid/ cdch nhin phe phdn vd dgc lap lap hgc" Sir gia Clare Wright ciing nghi ngd viec nhan manh vao cae su kien cd tinh bit bupc viec giao due LS Uc khdng ed lgi cho cae ki nang: "Toi img hp phg cgp gido due LS lie nhd trudng", nMen, cd eho ring "Nhung gieo nhung hgt gidng tii nhiing y tudng vd kiin thiic cd y nghia nhiiu hem tiep nhdn nhirng sir kien chdn xdc" [6] Nhiing y kiln xac djnh mdt svr hieu bill vl LS bing each hudng din m^t mdi quan tam phirc tap hon vl ich lgi ciia qudc gia thdng qua su cam kit quan trpng Cac quan diem chg ring LS cd the giup ehiing ta hilu tai cgn ngudi lai suy nghi khac vl qua kbit, va tji su giai thich LS lai thay ddi theo thdi gian Cac nha giao due LS da cd ging h$ thdng hda cac kl nang phiie tap cua su hieu Mlt LS theo mpt each thiic ma d nd cho phep HS hieu dugc tim quan trpng eiia mon LS xong vin giii dugc tinh phiic tap cua mdn hgc Dilu cho thay khdng phai cae sir kien la khdng quan trgng hoae cau ehuyen qudc gia khdng nen dugc giang day Di nhien, HS can phai biet "nhung gi dd xdy ra" LS Ue Nhung cac em ciing nen tham gia vao cac mdn hge khac ngoai kiln thiic qude gia Dieu gpi la "phd cap LS"* Bit chip cac y kiln da ehilu, dudi su din dit vl chuyen mdn eua Hiep hpi cac Sit gia Uc (AHA), Hiep hdi cae nha giag due LS (HTAA) va su hd fro vl tai Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM chinh, nhan lire, vat luc ciia Bd Khoa hge, Giao due va Dao tao (DEST), Co quan Tham djnh va Danh gia Chuong trinh hpe Ue (ACARA), cudc cai each mdn LS da duge tien banh ddng bd, bai ban tren tinh thin eua Tuyen ngdn Melbourne [11] va sir ung hd eua ddng dao ngudi dan Ue Ket qua la ngudi Uc da: Xay dung dugc mdt chuong trinh hgc cua mdn LS thdng nhit tren toan lien bang [1]; thilt lap bd tieu ehuin nghi nghiep cho GV day LS [16] bien soan eae tai lieu hudng din day va hgc mdn LS [13], [17]; lap cac giai thudng vl thi tim hilu LS' dudi su hd trg die lire va hieu qua ciia cdng nghe thdng tin nham dem lai nhihig hd trg va ehuin muc cao frong giang day mdn LS d trudng phd thdng Tinh hinh nghien eiru ve day va hoc Lich sir cap phd thdng d* Uc Giai doan 2000-2013, da-cd hang ehuc cdng frinh nghien eun ve day va hgc LS Ue frong trudng phd thdng Trong khudn khd eiia bai bao, ehiing tdi ehi tdm luge cac nghien curu ciia cac tac gia sau theg frinh tu thdi gian: Tgny Taylor (2000) vdi Tuang lai ciia qud khir Day dugc xem la mdt nghien ciiu kha toan dien ve thuc frang va chat lugng day va hge LS d Uc Ban bao cao dua cae bude di thich hgp nhim xem xet va danh gia lai each thite day hgc LS trgng frrong lai, bao gdm: 1) Dua mdt Tuyen bd giao due qudc gia; 2) Xay dung cac dl an nghien ciiu; 3) Xay dung mgt bd tieu chuin ehuang trinh giang day qudc-gia; va 4) XSy dung bd tieu chuin nghi nghiep cho GV Dilm Biii Tien Huan lai qua khii, ngudi 4a thay su thay ddi ciia giag due Uc bat dau chiu su anh hudng ciia phdng trao "New History" eiia Anh Dae biet la anh hudng tir nha giao due Hoa Ki la Edwin Fenton, Jerome Bruner va Benjamin Bloom, nhiing ngudi da xay dung mdt khai mem mdi ve chugng frinh hge trgng cac he thdng giao due khac [12] Tony Taylor and Carmel Young (2003) vdi Tgo dung Lich sir: Mpt hudng ddn de dgy vd hgc Lich sir d Uc Day la mdt tai lieu hudng din dae Met dupe thilt ke eho cac mdi trudng hpc true tuyin nhim giup GV LS d eac cip hgc cd thi dl dang tuang tac va tham khao Nd la san pham cua mdt de xuat tai Hdi nghj Thugng dinh LS 2006 va la mdt tai lieu tham khao hiiu ich de phue vu cho viee phat trien chuyen mdn, eai thien kit qua hpe tap mdn LS chg HS frong trudng pbd thdng tai Uc Sach chia la ehuang: Kit ndi qud khir, Hgc LS, Hieu biet LS, Hgc vd thuc hdnh, LS vd ngudi cdng ddn/xd hgi ddn sir, LS vd ICT, GV LS, Vi tri mdn LS chucmg trinh hgc bdc phd thong Trong pham vi nghien eiru ciia bai bao, ehiing tdi chi tap trung tdm luge ndi dung Clia chucmg 8, Vi tri cua mdn LS frgng trudng phd thdng [13] Tony Taylor va Anna Clark (2006) Mpt tdng quan ve dgy vd hgc lich sir Uc a trudng phd thdng da tdm luge each tiep can ve day va hge LS Ue cua tit ca cac bang va vimg lanh thd Thdng tin da dugc thu thap chu ylu tir nhiing tai lieu chugng trinh hgc, vdi su hd trg tit nhiing GV va chuyen vien phu trach chuong trinh hpe Theo Taylor, thudng 171 Tut li$u tham khao thi rat khd de Met rd mdt each cMnb xac phin LS Uc nlm d dau frong chucmg frinh hgc Cac bang/viing lanh thd duge tdm tit theo thu tu ABC M6i tdm tit don nhat di theo mgt md hinh cu the, bao ham cac ndi dung: Phan tdm luge; tdng quan ve vi tri LS ehuang trinh hpc va mdt phan vl LS Ue; sau dd, din phin binh luan thi hifn quan diem eiia tac gia Cuoi cimg la mpt sd y kien minh hpa ngin bdi cac vien eua Higp hdi GV LS (HTAA) nhiing ngudi cd thi la GV, ehuyen vien phu frach ehuang trinh, hay nhiing nha giao due LS ed mdi lien kit chat che vdi trudng hge Chirc nang ciia nhiing ldi binh luan eu6i cimg la dl cung cap cho ngudi dgc mdt cai nhin duge minh hga tir ben mpt hp thdng giao due bang Nhimg binh lu|in khdng nhat thilt mang tinh dai dien nhung nd duge dua bdi nhung chuyen gia giau kinh nghiem Sau dd, tac gia da dua mdt tap hgp cae kit lu$n dua fren bing chimg va kinh nghiem chuyen mdn ciia minh [14] Mdt nghito cim cua Anna Clark (2008), duge xem la mdt frong nhiing ngMen eiru so sanh diu tien vl giang day LS d lie va Canada, da phdng vin 182 HS cip frung hgc (tit ldp din ldp 12), 43 GV LS va 21 can bd phu frach chuong trinh giang day d tilu bang va vimg lanh thd ciia Uc; 56 HS, 17 GV va can bd phu frach chugng frinh giang day tai British Cglumbia, Ontarig, Quebec va New Brunswick (Canada) Nghien cim tap frung vao ngi dung chinh, bag gdm: LS dia phuang vd khu virc; LS thai tiin thuc ddn/bdn dfa: 172 sd 65 nam 2014 Su thdnh lap-lien bang; Qudc gia thdi Chien tranh, vd LS chinh tri duang dgi vdi ddi tugng cMnh la GV va HS NghiSn cim dinh tinh khdng nhim mye dich thong kd vl nhiing hilu biit ciia HS vl kiln thitc LS qudc gia hay yeu ciu cac GV va HS dua cic eau tra ldi vl tam quan frgng ciia vifc hge LS qudc gia, ma nguge lai, nhdm nghidn cihi mudn GV va HS bay td mdt each rd rang cac quan diem ca nhan ve vi$c can phai day va hgc LS nhu thi nag D^ra vag kit qua khao sat, tac gia da chi vin dl ma vige day va hge LS bac phd thdng d hai nude Uc va Canada dang ddi mjt, dd la: Vdn de ve sif trimg lap chii di gidng dgy; su thieu hut ngudn tdi lipu di phdt triin chuyen mdn cho GV dgy sir; cdch tiip can mang tdm qudc gia ddi vdi gido difc LS; tdm quan trgng ddc bift cua GV LS; thu hiit HS cdc lap hgc LS Tit do, tic gia da dua cic kiln nghi, nhu: G0m thieu su lap lgi di tdi; ddm bdo ehuang trinh gidng dgy cdng bdng vd gdn ket cdng tde gido difc LS; phdt trien tdi lieu hd tra dgy vd hgc di gidm bat su Igp lgi bdt tdn khiin qud nhiiu HS phdn ndn; cdi tiin vd ndng caa chdt lucmg chuyen mdn chg GV; xem trgng viec dgy vd hgc LS qudc gia nhe trudng; de cao vai tro quyit djnh cua G\ chir khong phdi Id sdch gido khoa hay np dung bdt hgc; khuyin khich HS phdt hu, tu phe phdn vd tranh bi?n, ndng ly:' sdng tgo vd tri tudng tugng phong phu nhdn thirc vd trinh bdy cdc quan diem khde han Id hgc thupe long cdc su kien T?p chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nghien ciiu cd diem mdi la trao tieng ndi ve thuc frang day va hgc LS cho hai ddi tugng chinh la GV va HS Dilu gdp phin lam cho nghien ciiu ed gia tri thuc tien rit ldn Tuy nhien, nhdm nghien ciiu ciing da ehi ban chi eiia nghien eiiu dd la khdng kilm tra danh gia kiln thiic va nhan thiic vl mdn LS cua GV va HS Ching ban, GV va HS suy nghi gi vl viec day va hpc LS? Cd cin bat bude phai day hpc LS frong nha trudng va lam thi nao dl eac nha thilt kl chuong frinh ldng ghep LS qudc gia vao? [3] Mdt nghien ciiu khac ciia Atma Clark (2009) cd tua dl Dgy cdu chuyen cua qudc gia: So sdnh cdc tranh ludn cdng khai vd quan diem hgc tgp cita gido dye lich sir a Uc vd Canada cho biet miic thip vl kiln thiic LS dan tgc cua HS, mdi quan ngai cang gia tang vi HS hiu nhu khdng biit gi vl di san qudc gia Nghien eiru dua tren eac cudc thao luan cdng khai va chuyen nghiep ve giao due LS d Ue va Canada, ciing nhu ket qua tir mdt du an ngMen eiiu dinh tinh da duge thuc hien nam 2008 d hai qudc gia nay, nd IJp lu^n ring: Khuyin khich phan Mpn LS frong ldp hpc la quan frpng, chii khdng phai sv quay frd lai vdi "su thgt" mdi la chia khda dl hudng HS quan tam frd lai LS qudc gia, nd giiip HS kit ndi dugc vdi LS dan tde Qua do, tac gia lap lujn ring frong da phin HS cam nhan dugc tim quan frgng eua vi$c hge vl qua khit, HS ddng thdi cung ddi hdi hge LS khdng chi de nhan dien vl "cau chuygn cua qudc gia" [5] Biii Tiin Huan Nam 2007, nhdm tu vin Chuong frinh lich sit Uc gidi thieu Hudng ddn dgy hgc lich sir Uc a ldp vd lap 10 mdt tai lieu tham khag chi tilt va ein thilt danh cho cac GV giang day mdn LS Igp va 10 Nd la san pham ddi sau Hdi nghj Thugng dinh LS Uc nam 2006 Hudng din dua mdt khudn khd nhiing chu de, nhiing su kien frpng dai va nhiing nhan vat da dinh hinh nen qudc gia lie Nd cung dua mdt loat cac kl nSng giiip phat triln viec hgc vl LS Uc Hudng dan khdng dua cae yeu ciu ve kit qua va kl thuat danh gia lien quan d giai doan nay, va ciing khdng dua mdt hudng din vl tai lieu giang day v l mat li luan, nhdm bien soan nhan thirc rang "LS la mpt khag hgc LS Id mgt mon hgc dpc lap vol nhiing thupe tinh dpc ddo Viec phdt trien su hieu biit LS dugc thiet Igp dua tren mpt su xdc dinh ro rdng la LS Id mon khoa hgc rieng biet a bdc trung hgc ca sd vd trung hgc phd thdn^\ Day la mgt thay ddi quan diem so vgi qua khii vdn tich hgp mdn LS vao SOSE Hgc LS phai bao gdm cac hoat ddng va cac kl nang sau: suu tim, phan tich, danh gia va sii dimg cac ngudn tai lidu khac nhau, ciing nhu xem xet ngudn gdc va y nghia ciia chimg cii dua tren viec giai thich ve eac su kien va ngudi frong qua khir Dat nhflng sir kien mdt chudi cau chuyen dl nang cao kien thirc va su hieu Met vl LS cua HS Xay dung mgt chudi cau chuygn ddi hdi HS suy nghi vl nhflng nguyen nhan, anh hudng, kit qua va hau qua eiia nd Nhiem vu ddi hdi nhflng ki nang nhu phan bien, ddi ehilu va sif ddng cam Khdng 173 Tfr lieu tham khao ehi de cap cac ndi dung can dugc day va day nhu the nao, Taylor va cac cgng su cdn dat va li giai "tgi phdi cdn thiet dgy hgc mdn LS trudng phd thdng', dd la viec hpc LS Uc se giup HS: tim hiSu, biet, hieu va danh gia sir phat frien cua qudc gia noi cac HS da va dang sinh sdng; phat trien su hieu bill vl LS Uc mdt bdi eanh toan cau; tang cudng mdi quan tam den viec hpc tap sudt ddi ve LS Uc HS se hpc nhieu hon de hieu ve ban than va suy nghi ve xa hdi Uc Hieu qua kbit se giup tao nen y thirc ve hien tai va giai thich cho su tilp diln va ddi thay tuong lai Nd lien kit vdi viec hpc van hpc, nghe thuat, kiSn triic, am nhac, dia li va khoa hpe Nd gidp phat triln nghien eiiu, li luan, ngdn ngu va kl nang dien giai Viec hpc nhu vay nen dugc khuyin khich vi diy thaeh thiie va thii vi Gregory Melleuish (2006) frong bai bao cd tua de Dgy lich sii Uc nhd trudng Uc: Mpt cdi nhin quy chudn da tim each giai quylt vin dl HS ciia Uc dang gap phai, tir dd tap trung vao nhung gi la thieh hgp dl day cho HS Ue khoang tu ldp din ldp 10 Bai bao dugc chia nhilu phin Phin diu dl cap mgt sd nguyen tic chung lien quan din ban chat viee hgc LS, sau dd thao luan vl cac eau chuyen va viec giang day LS Phan thii hai xem xet mdt so chi tilt cau hdi: "HS Uc cin biit gi?" Phin dugc chia hai phin nhd Phin dau tien giai quylt vdi ddi tugng HS bac hgc va phin thii hai la ddi vdi HS bac tieu hgc Tac gia da kit luan ring mgt HS se hge duge phin ldn cac kiln thiie 174 So 65 ndm 2014 frong chuong trinh ldp 9, ldp 10 va cac cdng viec duge thuc Men d cap tilu hpc duge xem la dieu kien can thilt dl chuan bi chg nam hgc ldp va 10 Day la CO hdi de truyen tai niem dam me LS cho HS, mac dii HS cd the thue Men nhiing each hgc LS khac d trudng Tac gia khang dinh cd mdt nhu cau cMnh dang dl dat viec day va hgc LS Uc frgng mgt bdi canh tgan cau Ddng thdi dam bao ring hpc LS se cung cap cho ngudi hpc kha nang danh gia chirng eii, dua eac phan xet lien quan den tinh hgp li cua nhiing tranh luto, nhimg giai thich diy dii va khuyen khieh quyln ban cua ehiing tri tudng tugng va su ddng cam lin Bing each nd chuin bi cho HS quyln va trach nhiem ciia mdt cdng dan Chucmg trinh hgc mon LS phien bdn 5.1 (Australian Curriculum, version 5.1) Lan dau tien, mdt chuong trinh hpc dugc xay dung hoan ehinh, thdng nhit, nhan duge su ung hd va cam kit thuc thi eiia tat ca cac tieu bang da ddi Chuong trinh mdn LS dugc xay dung va quan li bdi mdt td chiic eg uy tin la ACARA Ndi dung chucmg trinh duoc thilt kl bao gdm phin: (i) Co sd li luan va cac muc tieu (ii) c i u tnic mdn hgc: Ciu tnic chuong trinh, Td chiic chuong frinh, Cac tieu ehuin tich; Su da d?ng ciia ngudi hgc; Nang luc tdng quat; Nhung uu tien chucmg trinh hgc; Su kit ndi vdi cac mdn hgc khac; Cac itng dyng chg giang day, Danh gia va bao cao, Cac thuat ngO; Pham vi va trinh tu cac kl nang, Kiln thiie va sy hilu biit theo lop Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM (iii) Ngi dung chuong trinh hgc cac lap Tir sau cugc cai each, LS dugc xem la mgt mdn khoa hgc dgc lap, khong nam SOSE hay Social Science, cau tnic ehuang trinh khong theo 16i niSn dai ma theo timg chu dl lan Phan LS Uc luon dugc i6ng ghep timg ngi dung bai hgc chii Idiong tach mgt ph^n hge rieng biet Quan diem dugc thi hien va tuan thii thilt kl cung nhu qua trinh day va hgc a ikx ca cac dan vi bai hgc [1] Danh gia chung v^ cong tac cai each giao due Ljch su 6" Uc Cugc cai each giao due mon LS truang thong ciia Uc da dat dugc nhimg ket qua cu the Trong vai tro noi b$t va tien phong chinh la cac su gia va cac nha nghien cim giao due LS thugc AHA va HTAA duai su img hg ciia Chinh phu va Bg Giao due lien bang Uc, ciing nhu cac bg thuge tieu bang/viing lanh tho Song hanh la sir tham gia tich cue va hieu qua eiia dgi ngu GV va HS, nhiing nguai dong vai tro chinh mgi hoat dgng giao due LS truang thong Mgt phlin khong the thieu bat cii mgt cugc cai each nao the giai hien dai chinh la giai truyen thong Tat ca da lam nen m6t "su thay doi triet de" Tuy nhien, de co dugc qua that khong he de dang, eo the ke day qua trinh xay dung va thilt kl ehuang trinh hgc mon LS Khung Chuong trinh Biii Tien Hudn mon LS (tir Lap va long den lop 10) dugc xay dung tir thang 7-2008 din 52009; Chuang trinh mau dugc bien soan hi 6-2009 din 12-2011 ban du thao (Shape of the Australian Curriculum: History (2009) va Curriculum Design Paper v3.0 (ACARA 2012)) vdi phien ban dugc cap nhat, chinh sira, bo sung da cho thay nhiing no luc cua cae ben hiiu quan viec thuc thi trach nhifm va dua cae sang kien toi im nham ho trg dae luc cho viec day va hgc mon LS Ket lu^n Giao due LS cho HS trucmg thong luon dugc xem la can thiet song khong he de dang, bai xet tren khia canh vira dinh hinh nen nhimg eong dan hien dai, cong dan quoc te nhung van gifi dugc ban sae dan tgc, ban sSc ca nhan Khong phai liic nao giai khoa hgc va chinh trj cung di tren mgt duong, song neu biet each hgp tac va ho trg thi sir cong se den sam hon, gop phan dem lai lgi ich tot hon cho nguai hgc Giao due LS Uc la mgt minh chimg Chit Igc hay tit choi la quyen cua moi chiing ta, nhimg it nhat nhung gi da va dang dien nuac Uc se la ca sa khach quan va khoa hgc de cac nha khoa hgc giao due LS, cac sir gia, chinh tri gia va dae biet la cac HS va GV Viet Nam co thi tham khao nham tim mgt huang di cho rieng minh 175 Tu lieu tham khao Sd 65 nan, 2014 ' tjc bac trung hoc ph6 thong (senior secondary schooO chi co k h o i l va 12 ' Cuoc tranh gianh anh huong giiia Dang Tg ciia ong Howard va Bang Lao dpng cua ong Paul Keating ' M « cuoc tranh luan cong khai v i vai tro ciia nucic Anh va nguoi da M n g doi v4i hch su Uc va sir ph4t trien cua nuoc ilc hien dai (djc bill lien quan din vSn d i t h i dSn tJc v i dao Ton-es Strait) Cu6c tranh lujn loi Wo gin nhu loan xa h«l Uc, tii cic dang chinh tri, cSc chinh tri gia, cac s i gia, tniyen thong tham gia ' Mpt thuat nga dupe Anna Clark vay mupn til hai nha giao due Lich su Tony Taylor va Carmel Young ' Mpt nhifng giai thuong Ion va c6 uy tin dupe chuin bi boi HTAA, Miic tieu chinh la cung cip mSt cu6c thi thii vi v4 diy thir thSch cho HS, ding thdi nhim h6 trp GV trorig vi|c thuc hien Chuong trinh Ljch sii miSi cua Lie T h i I?, dii Urpng, nSI dung v4 cfch thilc chim diim dupe cong bo chi tiet v4 rS ring tren web (Tham khao tgi; hllp://www.aiislraliahtslorycompettlion com.aii/) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ACARA, "AustraUan Curriculum, History", htlp://www.acara.edu.au/default.asp, hltp://www australiancurrieulum edu au/ Anna Clark (2006), Teaching nation Politics and Pedagogy In Australian History, Melboume University Press Anna Clark (2008), "A comparative study of history teaching in Australia and Canada", Soiu-ce at www.hisloryteacherorg.au/ /200804_HlstoryTeachingR Anna Clark (2008), The challenges of teaching Australian History in John Butcher "Australia Under Construction nation building - past, present and future", The Australia National University Ebook Press Anna Clark (2009), "Teaching the nation's story: Comparing public debates and classroom perspectives of history education in Australia and Canada", Source: hltp://epress lib uls edu au/research/handle/10453/9877 Ann Ciuthoys, "History in the Howard Era", Source at: http://www.phansw.org.au/wpeonlenl/uploads/2012/ll/CurthoysHlstorylntheHowardEra.pdf (7h56' 10 thang 12 nSm 2013) Robert Guyver (2011), "The role of government in determining the school histoiy curriculum: lessons from Australia", Source: http://www.hlstoryandpolicy.org/papers/pollcy-paper-120.html (19h23 10 thang 12 nam 2013) John Howard (2006), John Howard's Australia Day Address to the National Press Club Source.' http://australlanpoltttcs com/2006/01/25/j'ohn-howard-aush-alia-dgy address.html (7h27 10 thang 12 nam 2013) Stuart Mccintyre va Anna Clark (2003), History Wars, The Sydney papers winter/spring Source: http://www.koortweb.org/foley/resources/pdfs/19S.pdf (7h44 10 thang 12 nam 2013) 10 Gregory Melleuish (2006), The teaching of Australian Mstory in australian schools: a normative view The Australian History Summit, Canbeiia 176 Tap chi KHOA HOG DHSP TPHCM U 12 13 14 15 16 BUi Tiin Hudn Ministerial Council on Education Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (2008), Australian Education Melboume Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, http://mceecdya.edu.au/verve/j-esources/National_Declarationon_the_Educational GoalsJbrJioungA ustralians.pdf Tony Taylor (2000), The future of the past Executive Summary of The Report of The National Inquiry into School History DESTYA Tony, Taylor and Carmel Young (2003), 'Making History: A Guide for the Teaching and Leaming of History in Australian Schools.' Canberra: Department of Education, Science and Training Tony Taylor - Anna Clark (2006), An overview of the teaching and leaming of Australian history in schools, The Australian History Summit Canberra The Australian History Curriculum Reference Group (2007), Guide to the Teaching 10 Source at." of Australia History in Years and http://www.htansw.asn.au/20073guide-to-teaching-australian-history (07/05/2013) http://www.historyteacher.org.au/htdocs/resources/National%20_History_Standar •pdf (Ngiy Tda so^n nhan duxrc bii: 13-12-2013; ngdy phin bt$n ddnh gid 07-04-2014; ngiiy chip nh$n dSng- 23-12-2014) 177 ... djnh mdt svr hieu bill vl LS bing each hudng din m^t mdi quan tam phirc tap hon vl ich lgi ciia qudc gia thdng qua su cam kit quan trpng Cac quan diem chg ring LS cd the giup ehiing ta hilu tai cgn... Uc Id mpt nhiing siic mgnh Idu ddi ciia quSc gia" Trong dng Howard franh tin dugng mdt each thai qua vl giao dye LS, dng vin tin tudng vag tim quan trpng co ban cua mpt cau chuyen qude gia rieng... quan trgng nhdm bdo ddm siic mgnh vd bdn sdc cug qudc gig " [8] Bai dien van va chinh sach mdi vl giag due LS eua dng Hgward nhan dugc su tan ddng ciia da sd du luan Uc, nhat la eac sit gia Trong