JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci, 2014, Vol 59 No 8, pp, 42 5^ This paper is available online al hltp //fitdb,hnue,edu,vn PHAT TRIEN KI NANG GIAI QUYET VAN DE CHO SINH VIEN TRCCJNG DAI HOC C[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci, 2014, Vol 59 No 8, pp, 42-5^ This paper is available online al hltp://fitdb,hnue,edu,vn PHAT TRIEN KI NANG GIAI QUYET VAN DE CHO SINH VIEN TRCCJNG DAI HOC CAN THO Tri,!! Lifdng KIwa Suphgni Tnfdng Dai hpc Cdn The/ Tom tat Bai bao dl cap din khai niem ki niiug gisii quyel van dl phai li icn ki niing giai quylt v5n dl cho sien vien ihUc trang ki nang gi:ii quyll van de cua sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hoc can Thd va nguyen nhan cua ihUc trang, Co % sinh vien hieu dung khai niem kT nang giai quygt van de, 92,2% sinh vien cho lilng ki nang giiii quyet van dl vii viec ren luyen ki nang giai quyet van dl la i:ii Ciin ihilt 98.6% sinh vien quan lam den kT nang giai quyet van de va viec ren luyen ki nang giiii quyet van dl 487c sinh vien biet dUdc quy trinh gidi quyet vdn dl, 48,3% sinh vien thifdng xuyen thifc hien Iheo dflng quy trinh giiii quyet van de KT nang giai quylt viin d l cua sinh vien dill hieu quii Irung binh {X = '.i 2.'i) Nguyen nhan Jam cho kT niing giai quyll v3n dl cua smh vien chUa cao lii chifa cd bien phap phiil trien kT ni'ing giiii quyet vSn dl cho sinh vien mpt ciich phu hop Vi vay, chung to! da ihilt kl vii thifc nghiem bien phap phat trien kT niing giiii quylt vSn dl cho sinh vien TrUcJng Dai hoc C5n Thd thdng quii viec day hoc chuyen dl "'KT nang guii quyet viin de" Kit qua thuc nghiem cho thfly sau thu'c nghiem, kT nang giai quyet van de cua sinh vien tang len mot each dang ke Tif khda: Phat Uil'n, kT niing, van dc, giai quyel viin dl kT niing giiii quyet van dl Mcl dau KT nang giai quyet van d l lii mot nhflng kT niing sdng co ban, ddng vai trd rat quan trpng cupc song cfla mdi ngifdi Trong cuoc sdng ngifdi ndi chung vii sinh vien noi rieng dlu ludn cd nhflng vSn d l ddi hdi Cim phai dUdc giiii quylt Thifc tiln cho thay, nlu chflng ta cd ki nang giai quyet van d l hay ndi cdch khiic nlu chflng ta giai quyei van de dflng dan phu hdp se mang lai su cdng va hanh phflc cho chflng ta vii cho ngUdi khac, NgUdc lai neu chflng ta giai quylt vfin d l khdng phu hdp se mang lai cho chung ta sif that bai {hiinh vi sai trai, hiinh vi pham phap, ) va cd the gay nen nhflng phiin mudn cho nhflng ngifdi xung quanh Cho den da cd mdt sd tai lieu nghien cflu vl kT niing giai quyet van d l nhu [1,3,6.7],, NhUng chUa cd de tin nao nghien cflu "Phat trien ki nang giiii quyet vim de cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc can Thd", Trong dd thflc trang cho thay kT niing giai quyet vSn d l cua sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hoc Can Thd chua cao Vi vay nghien cflu bien phat phtil trien ki nang giai quyet vSn d l cho sinh vien TrUdng Dai hoc Can Thd de phat trie'n kT nang niiy cho ho la hit sflc c i n thidt Ngiiy nhiin bai: 15/03/2014 Ngay nhan diing 25/J1/2014 Lien he' TnTn Lifdng e-mail: Uiiong@ciii.eclu Phcit tnen ki nimg gidi quyet vdn de cha sinh vien Tnldng Dai hcic Cdn Tho 2, Noi dung nghien ciiu 2.1 Phitcfng phap nghien ciiu Tac gia da sfl dung phUdng phap phiin tich, long hdp, so sanh, khai quat hda de nghien cflu xay dung cd sd Li luan, nghien cflu thuc trang va de bien phap phap phat trien ki nang giai quylt van dl cho sinh vien Dong thdi cac phUdng phap niiy cdn difdc sfl diing de nghien cflu thUc nghiem bien phap phat trien ki nang giai quyet van de cho smh vien TrUdng Dai hoc Can ThO; Thiet kl bang hdi de khao sat tliUc trang kT niing giai quyet vSn dl cua smh vien TrUdng Dai hpc Can Thd, thUc trang bien phap phat tnen k! nang giiii quyet van de cho sinh vien TrUdng Dai hoc Can Thd va thifc trang kl nang giai quyet van de cfla sinh vien trudc vii sau thUc nghiem Td chflc thuc nghiem bien phap phat U'le'n ki nang giai quyet van de cho sinh vien TrUdng Dai hpc Can Thd de khang djnh tinh kha thi va tinh hieu qui, Sfl dung phan mim SPSS for Windows de xfl li sd lieu nghien cflu thifc trang va thUc nghiem 2.2 2.2.1 Ket qua nghien ciiu Khai niem kT nang giai quyet van de Theo Nguyen Cdng Khanh "ki nang gtai quyet van de la kha nang xac djnh dUdc biin chSt van dl, dua difdc Ciic giai phap mang tinh he thong, danh giii, chon difdc giiii phap phu hdp de giiii quyet van de mpt each hieu quii va triet de" [3J Huynh Van Sdn cho rang "Ki nang giai quyet van de la sif gidi quyet co ket qua nhflng vSn dl smh hoat ddng hang ciia ngifdi bang each tien hanh dung dan cac thao tac, hanh dpng tren cd sd van dung nhflng tri thflc vii kinh nghiem ciia chu the" [5], Tdm lai, ki nang giai quyet van dl la khii niing giai quyet cac viin de cuoc sdng mdt each phfl hdp vii hieu qua bang each van dung nhflng tri thflc, kinh nghiem, thai dp 2.2.2 Khai niem phat trien kT nang giai quyet van de cho sinh vien Phat trien kT nang giai quyet van dl cho sinh vien la lam cho kha nang giai quyet cac van dl cudc sdng cua hp mdt each phfl hdp va dat hieu quii hdn bang cac tac dpng giao due chuyen biet 2.2.3 Thu'c trang ve kT nang giai quyet van de cua sinh vien Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thd * Nhdn thiic cua sinh vien ve khdi niem ki ndng gidi quyet vdn de Chung tdi dit dfla khiii niem vl ki niing giai quyet yan de: "Ki nang giai quyet van de la kha nang gidi quyet ciic van de cudc song mdt each phfl hdp va hieu qua bang each van dung nhflng tri thflc, kmh nghiem, thai dp" de tham dd y kien cua smh vien, Ket qua the hien d Bang 1, Bang cho thay, cac mflc dp nhan thflc ve khai niem ki nang giiii quyet van, so sinh vien dong y va hoan toan ddng y vdi khai niem ki nang giai quyet van chsem 81% cao hdn sd sinh vien hoan toan khdng ddng y, khdng ddng y va phiin van vdi 19% Tfl dd cd the khang dinh phan ldn sinh vien (81%) hieu dflng vl khai niem ki nang giai quyet van Tuy nhien vSn cdn 19% sinh vien chUa hieu dung khai niem ki nang giiii quyet van Kiem dinh (ANOVA) tifng cap gifla cac nam cho thay vdi mflc y nghia (sig = 0,813) cd the khiing dinh khdng cd sfl khac biet cd y nghia vl mat thdng ke gifla diem trung binh cac mflc nhan thflc cua sinh vien gifla cac nam hoc vl Tran Lifdng khai niem kl nang giai quylt vSn Kiem dinh Gamma clio thiy vdi miJc y nghia (sig = 0.823) co the k6t luan nam hoc khong co lien quan djn viec nhan thite ctia sinh vien ve khai niem ki nang giai qnyjt van Hieu bijt vi khdi niem kT n.ing giiii quySt van ctia sinh vien fl cac nam hoc la titong duong Bdng J Mtic nhdn thdc cua sii h vien ve •hdi nietli ki ndng sdng Nam Nam Niim Nam Cac mifc nhan thirc ciia sinh vien ve ki nang giai quyet van de N = Hoan loiin khfing dong y 0.4 1.5 "i 2,1 9 l.'i N - Khong d6ng y 2,9 3.6 3.ii 2.8 44 23 'i2 41 N = Phiin van 16.9 17.8 12,6 13 57 N 208 169 124 - Dong y 41,9 52 51.8 50.2 50 100 N 121 69 = Hoiin loan dong y 30.3 30.7 27.9 36.8 400 326 N 247 136 Tong 100 100 100 100 4,06 4,06 Diem trung binh 4,01 4,09 iVIiJc y nghia (sig.) (ANOVA) IVlu:c y nghTa (sig.) (Gamma) TSng 14 1,3 37 3,3 160 14.4 558 50,3 340 30,7 1109 100 4,05 0,813 0,823 % % % » % * Nhdn thiic ciia sinh vien ve sU cdn thiet cua ki ndng gidi quyet vdn dd vd viec ren luyen kl ndng gidi quyet vdn de Bdng Nhgn thdc cita sinh vien ve sU cdn thiit cua ki ndng gidi quyil vdn de vd viec ren luyen ki ndng gidi quyet van de Nam Nam Nam Nam TSng 0.0 49 36 87 64 136 100 2,63 0,8 408 36.8 692 62,4 1109 100 2,61 0,907 0,473 Mii'c can thiet = Khong can Ihidl = Can EhiSt = Rat can thiet Tong Diem trung binh Mdc y nghia (sig,) (ANOVA) Mirc y nghia (sig,) (Gamma) N % N % N % N % 0.8 152 38 245 61,3 400 100 2,6 0,9 120 36,8 203 62.3 326 100 2,61 1.2 87 35,2 157 63,6 247 100 2,62 Dai da s6 (99,2%) sinh vien co nhan thiic dung dan ve sU rat cjn thiet ctla kT nang giai quyet van dS va viec ren luyen ki nang giai quyet vjn dS Tuy nhien van mot so I't (0.8%) sinh vien chua CO nhan thiic diing diin ve kT nang Phdt trie'n kindng gtdi quyet vdn de eho sinh vien Truiing Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Kiem dinh (ANOVA) tflng cap gifla cac nam cho thiy: Vdi mflc y nghia (sig.= 0,907) cd thfi' khang dinh khong cd sfl khac biet co y nghia ve mat thong ke gifla diem trung binh mflc dp nhan thdc ve sU can thiet cua ki nang giai quyet van de cua sinh vien gifla cac nam hoc Kiem dinh Gamma cho thay: Vdi mflc y nghTa (sig = 0.473), cd the ket luan nam hoc khdng cd lien quan den mflc dd nhan thflc ve sU can thiet cua ki nang giai quyet van de cua sinh vien Mflc dp nhan thflc ve sU can thiet cua kT nang giai quyet van de cfla sinh vien d cac nam hpc la tifdng difdng * Nhgn thitc cua sinh vien ve quy trinh gidi quyet vdn de Bang cho thay, cd 52% sd sinh vien chua biet dUdc cac budc giai quyet van de Chi cd 48% so sinh vien bilt dUdc cac budc giai quyet van de Diem sd trung binh nhan thflc cfla sinh vien ve cac bfldc giai quyet van de d mflc 3.46 ta d dudi mflc "biet rd" Bilt dUdc cac budc giai quylt van dl la cd sd, tiln dl de sinh vien quylt dinh de giai quyet van de mdt each chinh xac va cd hieu qua, NgUdc lai se dan din viec sinh vien giai quyet van de mpt each cam tinh, theo chii nghia kinh nghiem se mang lai nhieu rui ro va nguy cd Bdng Nhdn thifc ciia sinh vien ve quy trinh gidi quyet vdn de Nam Niim Niim Nam Tong Biet quy trinh giai quyet van de = Hoim toan khong big! = Khong biet = Bilt khong to = Biat ro = Biat rat ro Tong Diem trung binh Miic y nghTa (sig,) (ANOVA) Miic y nghTa (sig.) (Gamma) N % N % N % N % N »N % 0,8 1,8 195 48.8 186 46.5 2.3 400 100 3,47 0,6 10 3,1 162 49,7 147 45.1 1,5 326 100 3,43 1.6 10 115 46,6 113 45,7 247 100 3,42 0 2.2 65 47,8 60 44.1 5.9 1,36 100 3,53 0.8 30 2.7 537 48.4 506 45.6 27 2,4 1109 100 3,46 0,331 0,999 * Thuc trang ve viec sinh vien gidi quyet vdn de theo ddng quy trinh gidi quyet vdn de Quy trinh giai quyet van de bao gdm: Budc nhan thflc (nhan dien) van de Budc 2, dua nhflng phfldng an giai quyet Bfldc 3, phan tich cac phUdng an da dUdc dUa Budc 4, quyet dinh lua chpn phUdng an giai quyet tot nhat (tdi uu) Budc 5, thuc hien quylt dinh (thuc thi giai phap) Budc 6, kiem tra danh gia viec quylt dinh va thifc hien quyet dinh Viec giai quyet van de theo dflng quy Erinh se dem lai hieu qua, cdng So sinh vien thfldng xuyen giai quyet van dh theo dung quy trinh la 39,7%, chilm sd lUdng Idn nhat Dflng thfl hai la sd sinh vien thinh thoang giai quyet van de theo dflng quy trinh chiem 35,2% So sinh vien hilm giai quylt van de theo dflng quy trinh la 12% dflng thfl ba Tiep theo sau la sd sinh vien rat thudng xuyen giai quyet van de theo dung quy trinh chidm 8,6% Dflng cudi cung la 4,6% sinh vien khdng bao gid giai quylt vSn dl theo dflng quy trinh 45 Trail Luong Vay sd sinh vien r^t thfldng xuyen vii thudng xuySn giai quyel van de theo dung quy trmh tuong ddi it chi chiem 48,3% Cd hdn mdt nfla (51.7% ) sinh vien chua thifdng xuyen thifc hientheo dung quy uinh giai quyet vfin dl Diem trung binh (3,35) lii kha thilp tifdng difdng mflc "thinh thoang" Bdng Thifc trang ve viec sinh vien gidi quyet vdn theo diing quy trinh gidi quyet van de Nam Niim Niim Niim Tong Thuc hien theo diing quy trinh giai quvet viin de N Vc N = Khong hao gicl = Hiam % N = Thinh thoang V, N = Thir(lng xuyan % N Vr N = Rat Ihitclng xuyan Tong % Diem trung binh Mirc y nghTa (sig.) (ANOVAt Miic y nghTa (sig.) (Gamma) 16 4.0 45 11,3 148 37.0 156 39.0 35 8.8 400 100 3,37 15 4.6 47 14.4 103 31.6 1.37 42 24 7.4 326 100 3,33 12 4.9 23 9,3 95 38.5 93 37.7 24 9.7 247 100 3,38 S 5.9 18 13,2 44 32.4 54 39.7 12 8.8 1.36 100 3,32 51 4.6 1.33 12.0 390 35,2 440 39.7 95 8.6 1109 100 3,53 0,884 0,908 Kiem dinh (ANOVA) tflng cap gifla cac nam cho ihay: Vdi mflc y nghia (sig = 0,884) co the khang djnh khdng cd sU khac biet cdy nghia vernal thdng ke gifla diem trung binh ve viec thflc hien theo dflng quy trinh giai quyet viin de cfla sinh vien gifla cac nam hpc Kiem dinh Gamma cho thSy; Vdi mflc y nghia (sig = 0,908), co the kit luan niim hoc khong cd lien quan den viec thifc hien theo dung quy trinh giai quyet van de cua sinh vien Viec thifc hien theo dflng quy trinh giai quyet van de cua sinh vien d cac nam hpc lii tifdng dUdng * Thuc trang ve viec sinh vien gtdi quyet vdn de theo mot sd cdch khac ndng Miic lip cdc cdch gidi quyet vdn de ciia sinh vien Miic = Riil 2= 3= 4= Ciich giai quyet van de thudng Thinh Ihudng Hiam xuyen thoiing xuyan N 117 Qiiyat dinh khong ciin diin 206 478 269 10.6 18.6 43,1 24.3 do, SUV nghi N Hoi y kian ngubi khiic rOi quyat 74 254 504 242 6.7 22.9 45,4 21.8 dinh theo Nhcj nguiJi khac quyai dinh thay N 1.30 314 301 229 minh 11.7 20,6 28,3 27.1 N 41 179 544 292 Liing tiing ciich giai quyai c/c 3.7 16.1 49.1 26.3 N 99 196 445 311 Bo qua 8.9 17.7 40.1 28 % % % % = Khong bao gid 39 3.5 35 3.2 135 12,2 53 4,8 58 5,2 X 2.91 2.91 3.07 3.12 3.02 • Phdt triin ki ndng gidi quyet vdn de cho sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hoc Cdn Tho Bang cho thay, cd 29,2% sinh vien thifdng xuyen vii rat thudng xuyen quyet dinh khong can dan do, suy nghi giai quyet viin de Viec sinh vien gap van de thi quylt dinh khong can dan do, suy nghi cd the dem lai nhieu rui ro va hau qua la rat kho lUdng vii ket quii cd the khdng dUdc nhu mong mudn Day lii Ciich lam chua phu hdp de giai quyet van de Sinh vien gap van de thudng xuyen vit rat thudng xuyen hdi y kien ngUdi khac roi quyet dinh theo chiem 29,6% Viec sinh vien gap van de thifdng hdi y kien ngifdi khac rdi quyet dinh theo CO the hp chua cd kT nang giai quyet van de, thilu tif tin viio ban than vii qud !e thudc viio ngudi khac Cd 32,3% sinh vien gap van dl thUdng xuyen vii rat thudng xuyen nhd ngUdi khac quyet dinh thay Dieu the hien hp hoim loan le thudc vao ngudi khac, khdng cd lap trUdng quan diem rieng cfla minh, sd minh lam sai Trong do, cuoc sdng co nhieu viin de ddi hdi mdi ngUdi phai tu minh phai quyet dinh, tU minh phai giiii quylt van de Tuy nhien gap nhflng vdn dl mil tU minh rat khd de quyet dinh va giai quyet thi nen can cd sU giflp dd cua ngudi khac Nhflng quyet dinh cudi ciing phai !ii cua chinh minh Cd 19,8% sinh vien thifdng xuyen va rat thudng xuyen lung tung giai quyll van de, tflc la hp khdng biet giai quyet van de nhu the nao, Thudng xuyen vii rat thudng xuyen bd qua giai quyet van de cd 26,6% sinh vien * Thiic trgng ve sU quan tdm ciia sinh viin ddi vdi ki ndng gidi qiiyit vdn de vd viec ren luyen ki nang gidi quyet vdn de Bang ThUc trang ve sif quan tam cua sinh vien ddi vdi ki nang giai quyet viin dl vii viec ren luyen kT nang giai quyet van de Bdng Thtfc trgng ve stf quan tam ciia sinh vien doi vdi ki ndng gidi quyet van de viec ren luyen kl ndng gidi quyel vdn de NSm Niim Niim Niim Tong 2,0 99 40.1 143 57.9 247 1110 2,55 0.7 58 42.6 77 56.6 136 100 2,55 16 1.4 491 44.3 602 54.3 1109 100 2,53 0,403 0,438 Miic quan tam = Khong quan tam = Quan tfim = RSt quan tam Tong Diein trung binh Miic y nghTa (sig,) (ANOVA) Miic y ngliTa (sig,) (Gamma) N % N % N % N % 1.3 178 44.5 217 54.3 400 100 2,53 1.5 156 47.9 165 50.6 326 100 2,49 Da sd (98,6%) sinh vien cd thai dp quan tam va rat quan tam den ki nang giiii quyet van de va viec ren luyen kl nang giai quyet van de Tuy nhien van cdn mot sd rat it (1,4%) sinh vien cd thai dp chua quan tam doi vdi ki nang giai quyet viin de va viec ren luyen kT nang giiii quyet van dl Kiem dinh (ANOVA) tflng cap gifla cac nam cho thay: Vdi mflc y nghia (sig, = 0.403), cd the khang dinh khdng cd sif khiic biet cd y nghTa ve mat thong ke gifl nam thfl nbi'it vii niim thfl ba Kiem dinh Gamma cho thay vdi mflc y nghia (sig -0.438), cd the ket luan nam hpc khdng cd lien 47 Tran LUOng quan den mflc dp quan tam cua sinh vien den ki niing giai quylt van de Mflc dp quan tam den ki nang giai quylt van de gifla cac nam hoc iii nhU * Hieu qud ctia viec gidi quyit vdn de cua sinh vien Kiem dmh (ANOVA) cho thay, vdi mflc y nghia (sig = 0,001) cd the khang dinh cd sU khac biet cd y nghTa vl diem sd Erung binh gifla nam hpc Bang thdng ke md ta cho thSy diem so trung binh tang ddn nam hoc tang Kit quii kiem dinh t tflng cap gifla nam hpc cho thay chi co stt khac biet cd y nghTa gifla diem sd trung binh nam thfl I vii niim thfl gifla diem sd trung binh nam thfl va nam thfl Bdng Hieu qud ciia viec gidi qityit vdn di cua sinh vien Nam Niim Nam Nam Tong 11 Hieu qua cija viec giai quyet van de - Hieu qua kem = Hiau qua yan = Hiau quii trung binh = Hieu qua khii = HICU quH xuin sac Tong Diem trung binh N % 0.6 1,2 1.5 52 52 31 13 148 N % 13 16 12.6 9.6 13,3 N 231 147 121 56 555 % 57,8 45,1 49 41.2 50 N 110 122 89 55 376 % 33,9 27.5 37.4 36 40.4 N 3 10 19 •ii: 0.8 0,9 1.2 7.4 1.7 N 400 326 247 136 1109 % 100 100 100 100 100 3,14 3,22 3,23 3,42 3,25 Miic y nghTa (sig,) (ANOVA) 0,001 Miic y nghia (sig,) (Gamma) 0,000 Kiem dinh Gamma cho thay vdi mflc y nghia (sig = 0.0), cd the ket luan nam hoc cd lien quan din diem sd trung binh hieu qua cua viec giai quyet van de cua sinh vien Nam hpc ciing tang thi diem sd trung binh ciing cao, * Nguyen nhdn lain cho ki ndng gidi quyet vdn de ciia sinh vien chua cao Ket qua khao sat thUc trang cho thay, co 81,7% smh vien cho rSng ki nang giai quylt van de chua cao la Chifa cd bien phap phiit trien ki nang niiy phu hdp Qua kit qua khdo sat thUc trang, chung tdi cd mdt sd nhan xet chung: Phan Idn sinh vien hieu dflng khiii niem kl nang giai quyet van de, xem ki nang giai quyel van de va viec ren luyen ki nang giai quylt vSn de lii rat cdn thilt quan tam den kT nang giai quyet vdn dl va viec ren luyen kT nang giai quyet van dl Cd 51,7% sinh vien chua thudng xuyen thflc hien theo dflng quy trinh giai quylt vdn dl Hieu qua cfla viec giai quylt vdn dl cfla sinh vien chi (i mflc trung binh Nguyen nhan liim cho kT nang giai quylt vdn dl cua sinh vien chua cao lii chfla cd bien phap phat trien kT nang giai quyet van dl cho sinh vien mdt each phu hdp 48 Phdt trien kT ndng gidi quyet vdn di cho sinh vien Trudng Bgi hpc Cdn Tho Tfl thuc trang nguyen nhan ciia thuc trang tren cho thay, viec dl bien phap phat tnen kT nang giai quyet van dl cho sinh vien la dilu can thilt de nang cao KN cho hp 2.2.4 Phat trien kT nang giai quyet van de cho sinh vien thong qua viec day hoc chuyen de "Kl nang giai quyet van de" * Thiet Ice chuyen de "KI NANG GIAI QUYET VAN DE" / Muc tieu - Kiln thflc: Sinh vien nhan dUdc cac Viin dl cua ban than va bill each giai quylt vSn dl - Thai dp: Sinh vien chfl dpng doi mat vdi nhflng van de xay vdi minh va dUa quyet dinh de giai quylt van dl mot each tich cifc - KT nang song: Sinh vien cd kT nang giai quylt van de mpt each cd hieu qua va phfl hdp // Thong diep Trong cupc song co nhflng van de ddi hdi phai dfla nhflng quyet dinh va giai quyet nd Neu chflng ta quyet dinh va giai quylt van dl dung dan, phfl hdp se mang lai sU cong va hanh phflc cho chflng ta va cho ngUdi khac NgUdc lai nlu chung ta quylt dinh va giai quyet van de khdng phu hdp se mang lai cho chung ta sU that bai (hiinh vi sai trai, hanh vi pham phap, ) va CO the gay nen nhifng phien mudn cho nhflng ngUdi xung quanh /// Tdi lieu'vd phuong tien thifc hien Gifiy A4, but da, bflt viet, bang dinh, keo, hop difng phieu, ghe ngdi ca nhan: chiec de td chflc chdi " Cd ea rd ngudi", may vi tinh, projector IV To chdc hogt dpng ^ Hogt dpng I: To chde trochol "ed ea ro ngifdi" [I] - Budc I: Xep chiec ghe hang va quay ve cung mdt hudng - Budc 2: Chpn hai nhdm, moi nhdm ngUdi - Bfldc 3: Dat ten cho hai nhdm Chang ban, nhdm T va nhdm Q - Budc 4: Giao vien phd bien Iuat chdi Moi ca nhan nhdm se chon ch6 ngdi cho minh, nhdm nao chpn chd ngdi thiinh mdt hang ngang (ba cho ngdi), mdt hang doc, mdt hang cheo trUdc se la nhdm thang cudc, TrUdc chdi, cac nhdm cd phflt de hoi y; qua trinh chdi cac vien khac khdng dUdc gpi y Hai nhdm tiln hanh chdi "cd ea ro ngUdi" (LUu y: NgUdi hUdng dan hieu lenh de khdng chl thdi gian chpn chd ngdi cua ngUdi chdi) - Bfldc 5: Yeu cau sinh vien thao iuan chung cac cau hdi sau: De danh dfldc thang ldi trd chdi vfla rdi, mdi ngUdi va toan ddi cdn phai lam gi? Trd chdi can den kl nang gi? - Bfldc Kit Iuan De danh dUde thang ldi, moi dpi phai ban bac tim nudc cd tdi Uu de diim bao chiln thang cho dpi minh, rdi dUa quyet dinh vii phan cdng tflng thiinh vien thifc hien nUdc cd cua dpi minh Khi vao cudc chdi, tinh huong thay doi nen tflng ngUdi chdi lai phai suy nghT, lua chpn va sang tao nhflng quylt dinh khac phfl hdp Hogt ddng 2: Xdc dinh vdn di m'tnh dang gap phdi - Budc 1: Mdi ngUdi lam thu ki - Budc 2: Giao vien dat cau hdi: Trong cudc sdng cac anh (chi) dang gap van de gi? - Budc 3: Giao vien phat cho mdi ngUdi 1/2 td gidy A4 vii yeu cSu hp ghi lai nhflng vdn dl ban than gap phai vii bd viio thiing philu - BUdc 4: Giao vien trdn dlu cac phieu va de nghj ban nhat tflng philu vii dpc to thdng tin philu cho ca ldp nghe - BUdc 5: De nghi thu ki ghi lai thdng tin (khdng ghi trflng lap) - Budc 6: Giao vien phan loai cac van de vii chdt lai Trong cupc song, chung ta gap nhiiu vdn di cdn phiii gid quyet cho co hieu qua va phd hpp nhdt Nhdng vdn di df) Id: Hoc tap ldi chinh tinh earn/ quan he giao tiip, quan he thdy tro mciu thudn tinh ban, = Hogt dpng 3: Ren luyen kindng quyel dinh vd gidi quvet vein de Giaos vi&n hudng ddn sinh vien giai quyet cac van de da dUdc xac dmh d hoat dpng theo quy trinh sau: - Bfldc Nhan thflc (nhan dien) vdn de Ci budc niiy ddi hdi chu the phai nhan dUdc van dd, xiic dmh chfl van de, hieu vdn de va xac dinh dfldc muc lieu giai quylt viin dl + Nhdn vdn di: Nhiin van de giflp chu the bilt dfldc van dl minh gap phai lii gi de giai quylt vdn dl De nhan van de ddi hdi chfl the can cd nhieu kinh nghiem, trf thflc va ki nang Nhflng cau hdi sau day se giup chfl the xac dinh dUdc van dl nhif; "Chuyen gi se xay nlu ", "Gia sfl viec khdng dUdc thuc hien " Nhflng ciiu hdi rdt can thiet de tranh trUdng hdp tudng tUdng qua xa hien thflc vii liim cho nhflng chuyen ddn gian hi lam tudng la viin de hay thay van de tdn tai d mpi ndi Co nhflng vdn de khdng can phai giai quyet thi chung cung "qua di" NgUdc liii, nhflng vdn dl nlu chu the khdng giai quylt thi nd se khdng bao gid mdt di, tham chf nhflng van de dd cang trd nen tram trpng hdn trUdc dd + Xdc dinh chu vdn de: Chu the phai nhan biet difdc van ete niio anh hfldng den chu the va van de nao khdng phai quan tam Neu chu the khong cd quyen ban, nghia vu hay kha nang giai quylt nd thi tdt nhat nen chuyen cho ngUdi cd quyin ban, nghTa vu hay kha nang giai quylt Cdn ngUdi lai, thi chfl the phai nhan thflc ro van de va giai quyet nd Ndi cacH khac, nhan lii chu sd hflu cfla van de lii chu the nhan thdy cd mot van dl dang tdn tai can va dang giai quyet Sau dd, chu the cd nghTa vu trach nhiem giai quyet nd va phai huy dong mpi ngudn life vao giai quylt vdn de niiy + Hie'ii vdn de: Khi chu the cd mdt van de, chu the phai nhan lii ngudi giai quylt no Dieu cd nghTa la chfl the phai dinh nghia (chi ra, mo ta, ) rd rang, tim hieu cang Phdt trie'n kT ndng giai quyit van de cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tha nhieu thong tin ciing tdt de giup chu the hieu vdn de va tim dUdc each giai quylt vdn de Hay ndi each khac, hieu van de se giflp chu the xac dinh dUdc nguyen nhan cua vdn de + Xde dinh muc lieu gidi quyet vdn di: TrUdc giai quyet van de, chu the phai tra ldi cau hdi: Giai quyet van de de lam gi? Hay ket qua mong muon cfla viec giai quyet van de la gi? Tra ldi cac cau hdi tren chinh la xac dinh muc tieu giai quyet vdn dl Viec xac dinh dflng dan muc tieu giai quyet de se dinh hudng cho qfla trinh giai quyet van dL Neu khdng thi loan bp qua trinh giai quyet van de se bi chim dam may mu, nhu mot ciiu ngan ngfl ndi: Neu ban khdng biet minh dang cho thuyen den ben nao thi bat kl ngpn gio nao cung dan ldi eho thuyen cfla ban - Bfldc Dua nhflng phUdng an giai quylt Dua tren nhflng phan tich d bfldc 1, chu the dUa tat ca cac nhflng phUdng an co the ViSc dUa nhilu phUdng an la cd sd de lUa phUdng an tdt nhdt Vi vay, giai doan nay, cang nhieu phifdng an dUdc difa ra, thi cd hpi lUa chpn difpc phUdng an tdi Uu cang cao - Budc Phan lich cac phUdng an da dUdc dUa Chu the phai tiln hanh phiin tich nhflng uu diem va nhUdc diS'm; cd hpi va hiem nguy; cai ldi va cai hai; gia tri va yeu td cam xflc ddi vdi tflng phUdng an - Budc Quyet dinh lifa chpn phUdng an giai quyet tot nhat (toi Uu) Tren cd sd phan tich cac phUdng an, quylt dinh chpn phUdng iin tdi Uu PhUdng an toi Uu lii phUdng iin cd nhieu uu diem nhat, cd ldi nhat cd gia tri nhat, phu hdp nhdt, thfch nhat; phudng an dd phai cd hieu qua va cd tinh kha thi - Budc ThUc hiSn quyet dinh (thifc thi giai phap) Thuc thi giai phap la viec len kl hoach va thUc hien ke hoach bang nhflng hanh dpng cu the de EhUc thi giai phap tdi ifu da lUa chpn - Budc d Kiem tra, danh gia viec quyet dinh vii thuc hien quylt dinh Sau thUc thi giai phap, can kiem tra, danh gia each giai quyet van dl dd cd cong nhu mong ddi hay khdng (cd dat muc tieu da de hay khdng) Tfl dd rflt nhu'ng kinh nghiem cho viec giai quyet cac van dl ldn sau Trong trudng hdp van dl chua dUdc giai quyet hoac kit quii giai quylt khdng dat dudc nhu mong dpi thi cdn phai thUc hien lai quy trinh giai quylt van de V Tong ket NgUdi hpc d-a Idi cau hdi: Anh (chi) rut dUdc bai hpc gi sau hpc chuyen de nay? Giao vien chdt lai Nhflng dieu can ghi nhd chu de Trong cudc sdng cd rdt nhilu vdn dl cdn giai quylt Cd nhilu each giai quyet vdn dl, quan trpng la chung ta phai biet can nhac nham dfla nhflng quylt dinh dung, giai quylt vdn dk mpt each toi Uu de cd the dat dUdc nhflng mong mudn/ muc tieu va nang cao chat lUdng cudc sdng Kh qua thtfc nghiem chuyen d§ "KT nang giai quyet van de" Bdng Ki ndng gidi quyit vdn de trUdc vd sau thUc nghiem d sinh vien nhdm thuc nghiem Noi dung N Hieu khai niem ki niing giai quyet vdn dl SU can thiet ciia kT nang giiii quylt viin 161 Bilt vS cac bu6c giai quylt v5n dl Quan tam den ki niing giai quylt viln de ThUc hien theo diing quy trinh giiii quyel vludi Hieu qua eiia viec giiii quyet van de Diem trung binh chung DTB Sau TrilAc TN TN 4.56 3.76 Chenh lech DTB 0.80 T-Te.it (sig.) 0.00 • Khac biet CO y nghia + 161 2,51 2,90 0.39 0.00 + 161 161 3,11 2.47 4.23 2.80 1,12 0,33 0.00 0.00 + + 161 3.12 4,32 1,21 0,00 + 161 161 3.15 3,02 3.79 3,76 0.64 0,74 0,00 0,004 + + DTB - Diem trung binh; TN - ThUc nghiem Ket qua so sanh vl ki nang giai quyet van de trUdc va sau thUc nghiem d sinh vien nhdm thuc nghiem Kit qua cho thdy sig kiem dinh f = 0,004 < 0,05 co the kit luan riing cd su chenh ISch cd y nghia thdng ke ve diem so trung binh gifla trudc va sau thifc nghiem Chenh lech trung binh la 0,74 Sau thuc nghiem, kT nang giai quylt vdn dl d sinh vien tang Ien mpt each dang ke Bieu Diem trung binh ve ki ndng gidi quyet vdn de trudc vd sau thdc nghiem d sinh vien nhom thUc nghiem Vay, viec thiet ke va td chflc day hpc chuyen de "KT nang giai quyet vdn dg" la bien phiip phat trien kT nang giai quyet vdn de cho sinh vien cd tfnh kha thi va dat hieu qua Ket Iuan Kit qua khao sal thuc trang cho thdy phdn ldn sinh vien hiiu dung khai niem ki nang giai quyet vdn de, xem kT nang giai quylt vdn de va viec ren luyen kT nang giai quylt vdn dl la rdt can thilt, quan tam den kT nang giai quyet vdn dl va viec ren luyen ki nang giai quylt vdn de Tuy nhien cd tdi 52% sd sinh vien chua biet dUdc quy trinh giai quyet van dl va cd 51,7% sinh vien 52 Phdl trien kindng gidi quyit vdn di cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tho chfla thudng xuyen thuc hien Iheo dung quy trinh giai quylt vdn de Hieu qua cfla viec giai quylt vdn de cua sinh vien chi d mflc trung binh Nguyen nhan lam cho kT nang giai quylt van de cua sinh vien chua cao la chua cd bien phap phat trien kT nang giai quyet van de cho sinh vien mpt each phu hdp Chung toi da thiet ke va thifc nghiem chuyen de "KT nang gai quyet van de" cho sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hoc Can Thd nham niing cad ki nang hp Kit qua thUc nghiem cho thay, sau thuc nghiem, kT nang giai quyet van de eua sinh viSn tang Ien mot each dang ke Vi vay cd the khang dinh day la mpt nhflng bien phap phat trie'n kT nang giai quyet vdn de cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc Can Thd kha thi vii cd hieu qua TAI LifeU THAM KHAO [1] Nguyen Thanh Binh, 2010 Gido trinh chuyen di gido due ki ndng sdng Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi [2] Nguyen Thanh Binh, 2007 Gido trinh gido due ki ndng sdng Giao trinh cao dang sU pham, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi [3] Nguyen Cdng Khanh, 2012 Phuong phdp gido due gid tri song, kT ndng sdng Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi [4] Huynh Van Sdn, 2009 Nhdp mon kindng sdng Nxb Giao due Hit Ndi [5] Huynh Van Sdn, Phat trien kT nang mim cho sinh vien cac trUdng dai hoc sU pham, De tai khoa hpc va cdng nghe cdp Bo, B2012.19.05,Trfldng DHSPTP Hd Chi Minh [6] John Adair, 2008 Kindng quyit dinh vd gidi quyit vdn di Nxb Tdng hdp Tp Hd Chi Minh [7] Robert Heller, 2007 Ki ndng quyit dinh Nxb Td'ng hdp Tp Hd Chf Minh ABSTRACT Developing prohlem solving sliill for students in Can Tho university The article mentions the concept of the problem solving skill, the developing problem solving skill for students, the real status of problem solving skill of students in Can Tho University and the causes of the real status There are 81 % students understand the concept of problem solving skill, 92% students say that the problem solving skill and training the problem solving skill are necessary for them, 98.6% students are interested in problem solving skill and training the problem solving skill, 48% students know the problem solving process, 48.3% students frequent obey the problem solving process when they solve problems The problem solving skill of students is at average effect (X = 3.25) The cause of this is that there are not yet the suitable developing problem solving skill measure for students Therefore, we designed and conducted experiment on the developing problem solving skill measure for students in Can Tho University by teaching and learning the topic "problem solving skill" The result of this experiment showed that there was a dramatic increase in problem solving skill of students in Can Tho University after the experiment ... thuc trang tren cho thay, viec dl bien phap phat tnen kT nang giai quyet van dl cho sinh vien la dilu can thilt de nang cao KN cho hp 2.2.4 Phat trien kT nang giai quyet van de cho sinh vien thong... quyet vdn de cho sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hoc Cdn Tho Bang cho thay, cd 29,2% sinh vien thifdng xuyen vii rat thudng xuyen quyet dinh khong can dan do, suy nghi giai quyet viin de Viec sinh vien gap... giai quylt vdn dl cua sinh vien chua cao lii chfla cd bien phap phat trien kT nang giai quyet van dl cho sinh vien mdt each phu hdp 48 Phdt trien kT ndng gidi quyet vdn di cho sinh vien Trudng Bgi