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TAP CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRU''''O''''NG DAI HOC KV THI ^X A SO 98 2014 NGHIEN ClTU XAY DUTVG NGANH CONG NGHE THONG TIN GIAO DUC CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY RESEARCHINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION Ngo Tu[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRU'O'NG DAI HOC KV THI ^X A SO 98 - 2014 NGHIEN ClTU XAY DUTVG NGANH CONG NGHE THONG TIN GIAO DUC CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY RESEARCHINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION Ngo Tu- Thanh Trudng Dai hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ngi Din Tda soan 03-9-2013, chdp nhdn dang 25-12-2013 T6M TAT Viec wng dung cdng nghe thong tin giao due tat yeu hinh nen giao due dwa tren tri thwc va md nhisng nhu ciu tich hap eae giai phap thdng mmh giao due Trong bat bao nay, Chung tdi se trinh bay mo hinh va dac diim cua lien nganh cong nghe thdng tin giao due boi canh toan ciu hda Di thux: hien dieu nay, trwac hit chung tdi trinh bay cac yeu to cong nghe va ca sd khoa hoc hinh nganh khoa hgc mdi- Cdng nghe thong tin giao due va mdt sd qua eua nganh cdng nghg thdng tin giao due Tren co sd dd de xuit md ma nganh cong nghe thdng tin giao due nham dao tao nguon nhan Iwc phuc vu sw nghiep giao due nwdc nhd Tir khda • nhu cau giao thoa, e-learning, giao due ABSTRACT The application and rapid development of information technology in education and training ceriainly aims at the forming of the model of "Education relies on the knowledge" and has opened up intelligence-oriented solutions in education In this paper, the writer would like to present the model and characteristics of branch of information technology education in the globalization context To solve this problem, we first show the elements for technology and scientific basis formed new science - Information technology education and some of the fruits of branch information technology education On that basis recommended graves sector information technology education in order to education and training activities will be on the right way towards meeting this demand MO DAU Ngay 22/9/2010, Chinh Phii da ban hanh Quylt djnh 1755/OD-TTg 22/9/2010 "P/ie duyet de dn dua Viel Nam sdm trd thdnh nuac manh ve cong nghe thdng tin vd truyen Ihdng (!CT)'\ nhan manh din nam 2020 Viet Nam cdn trieu nhan luc ITnh vuc ICT Nhiem vu ciia ngdnh ICT Id lu nd phai giao thoa vdi rat nhieu ITnh vuc khde dl phdt triln Khi giao thoa vdi nhieu nganh khac thi hinh cac lien nganh mang ten mdi nbu : tin hgc ngan hang, tin hgc tdi chinh, tin hgc hang khdng tin hgc viln thong, tin hgc xay dung vv, Cac lien nganh vdi CNTT khdng the lach rdi CNTT, vi du nlu cac he thdng CNTT ciia ATM bj hdng hang loat hodc he thdng CNTT ciia trung tam dieu khiln hang khong cac sdn bay khong boat d6ng cudc sdng ciia chiing ta se hi te liet & ddo ldn nhu the nao Do CNTT da tra nhu cdu sdng cdn, cdng cu vd nghiep vu khdng the thieu dugc ciia rdt nhieu hen ngdnh Tuy nhiln, cdu hoi dijt la : CNTT da trd thdnh nhu cdu song cdn, cdng cu vd nghiep vu khdng the thieu dugc ciia ngdnh gido due chua ? Cau tra ldi la : khong cd CNTT thi bao ddi vdn day hoc binh thudng theo truyen thdng vd CNTT se thay doi thuc trang Den bao gid d Viet nam nganh CNTT giao due mdi hinh ?, Ndi dung bai viet se ly giai thdc mac ndy va xay dung ca sa cho liln ngdnh mdi - CNTT gido diic CNTT LA NHU CAU SONG CON, CONG CU VA NGHIEP VIJ KHONG THE THIEU DUQC CUA NIHEU LIEN NGANH 2.1 CNTT- dgng luc hinh thdnh cdc ngiinh khoa hoc mdi Mgi hoat ddng xa hgi diu true tilp hay gidn tilp su dung CNTT Khi dugc kit nil, cac nganh khoa hgc se giao thoa vdi CNTT Vi du : CNTT + ngan hang - tinjigc ngan hang; CNTT + vien thong = tin hgc vien thdng; CNTT + xdy dung = tin hgc xay dung; TAP CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRUCXNG DAI HOC K^ THUAT * SO 98 - 2014 CNTT + thuang mai = thuang mai dien tu ,.,w Mdt sd lien ngdnh ddi ddng nghTa vdi thii tieu ngdnh cu, vi du tin hgc vien thdng hiln dd thay tbi viln thong truyin thong su diing Tong ddi td thach, thii tilu lu6n diin tin truyen thing Cdc nganh giao thoa vdi CNTT se tdn tai vdi CNTT va khdng tbI tdch rdi nhau, nlu he thdng CNTT mdt di thi toan bd cdc liln nganh tren se bj pha vd 2.2 Nguon nhan luc ctia cdc lien nganh Khi lien ngdnh vdi CNTT, se hinh dfii ngu ngudi lao ddng lien ngdnh vira co kien thirc chuyen m6n vira cd kiln thdc CNTT Vi du, dl hinh thdnh dgi ngu ngudn nhan luc Tin hgc Xay dimg, trirdng Dai hgc Xay dung da thiet lap chuang trinh ddo tao Tin hgc Xdy dung Sinh viln ngdnh Tin hgc Xay dung dugc trang hi tdt vl chuyen mon Xdy dung vd Lap trinh tin hgc irng dung Xay dung Trong cdc trudng dai hgc & cao dang hiln da thdnh lap cdc khoa liln nganh : thuang mai diin tir, tin hgc kinh te, Su pham Toan - Tin,, de phuc vu cho vile ddo tao ngudn nhan luc cho cac liln nganh tuang dng, Cdc liln nganh mdi ddi vdi dgi ngu nguin nhan luc qua dao tao sl mdt phdt trien ben virng Vi SAO CNTT CHUA TRO THANH NHU CAU SONG CON, CONG CU VA NGHIEP Vl) KHONG THE THIEU DUQC CUA NGANH GIAO DUC VIET NAM 3.1 Nguyen nhan khach quan Cac liln ngdnh vdi CNTT chi phdt huy tit niu c6 CO sd tdng CNTT tot Lay vi du, Nganh Thuang mai dien tii neu khdng co tang CNTT viing chdc thi mgi lgi ich ciia Thuong mai dien tu chi la thir tudng tugng, cdn riii ro giao tiln iren mang Id khd ludng Vi vay mgt sd nude dang phat triln vdn chua phat trien Thuang mai dien tu, vi tang co sd CNTT can thiet d cac nude chua dugc hinh thdnh day dii, Trong liln nganh Tin hgc Viln thong, vien thdng khong the hdi nhap toan cau nlu khdng cd hd trg ciia CNTT, Nhung doi vdi giao due neu khong cd CNTT thi gido due ndi chung, dgiy hgc d cac dang day hgc truyen thdng ndi rilng vdn tdn tai, Trong ngdnh gido dye dang ph6 biln Eleaming 1.0 qudn trj hgc tap (LMS), cac bai hgc cdi ddt cdc dia CD cdc phuang tiln CNTT hien dai chua dugc khai thac va sir dyng het cdng suat nen chua dii kha nang dl lam budc dot phd gido due nhu nganh Tin hgc viln thdng Vi vdy gido due truyen thdng Viet Nam vdn cdn dg tri Idn vdi gu6ng quay cua xd hgi hiln dai 3.2 Nguyln nhan chii quan nhan thirc CNTT chi la cdng cu phuong tien Tai thdi diem (2013), mgi nghiln cim vl IJ ludn phuang phdp d^y hgc luon xem CNTT ihudc loai phuong tien hd trg day hgc, md chua xem CNTT Id yeu to bdt bugc, yeu to nen tang ITnh vyc gido due nhu Tin hgc Viln thdng CAC YEU TO CONG NGHE HI$N DAI HINH THANH NGANH KHOA HQC MOI CNTT GIAO DVC 4.1 Dien toan ddm may Nhd Dien todn ddm may, ngudi hgc cd the truy cap ndi dung gido due, cdc ung dung phan mem mdy tinh va cac tai nguyen luu tru' tiln tiln nhdt Cdc gidi phdp dien toan dam may cd the thay ddi each trien khai va dp dung cdc ling dung CNTT gido due 4.2 Thilt bj di dgng thong minh, Web 2.0, web 3D & cdc mgng xa hgi Ngdy toan bg thdng tin ciia the gidi cd thi dugc dua vao nhiJng chile may tinh cd kich thudc nhd nhu may ipad ddi mdi hay thilt hi di ddng thdng minh Thiet bi ldm vile di dong da phdt triln toi mirc silu kel noi, co the deo Ien ngudi nhdm cung cdp kha ndng tiep xuc vdi mgi ngudi vd thdng tin lap tdc de dap ung yeu cau cdng viec Bdng dien tir tuang tdc se thay thi bdng den, gido an cd the truyen qua Internet tdi cdc ldp hgc dl sudung trin cac bdng dien tu va tren cac may tinh ca nhdn Nlu Web 1.0 chi CO thi xem nhung khdng the tuang tac vdi thdng tin Web thi Web 2,0 cho phep ngudi su dung co the thay doi noi dung Web Web 2.0 lien quan tdi su tham gia hon la su tilp nhdn thong tin thu ddng, la thdnh phdn ldm nin cudc each mang hgc tap mdi ciia the ky XXI 4.3 Viet Nam da tir bd khai niem nha mang viln thong, ma chuyen sang nha cung cap djch vu (data : truyen, luu tru', xir ly) cho 90 trieu ngudi dSn Viv't Nam bang mang bdng rgng jij TAP c n i KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE CAC TRUCfNG DAI HQC KV THUAT A SO 98 - 2014 CO SO KHOA HQC HINH THANH NGANH KHOA HOC MOI CNTT GIAO DVC 5.1 Nhan thijcmoi vl vai trfi ciia CNTT gido due Niu nhu ung dung e-learning 1.0 quan tri hgc tap (LMS), cdc bai hgc cdi dat cdc dTa CD chua du "do chin" ldm thay ddi giao due truyin thong thi sir xuat hien hang loat cong nghi mdi thdi gian gan day nhu web 2.0, web 3D & cac mang xd hgi e-learning 2,0, thiet bj di dgng thong minh , da lam thay doi ve nhan thuc CNTT giao due Tgi dien dan cdp cao CNTT-TT Vi?t Nam thdng ndm 2013, Chii tjch Hiep hdi Phan mim vd Dich vu Cong nghe thdng tin Viet Nam Truong Gia Binh da trich lgi khang dinh ciia Thii ludng Nguyln Tan Dung phdt bilu budi khai mac diln dan : "Neu sdn phdm ddo Igo khdng cd sdng tgo, khdng cd CNTT Id ddu vd dung Gido due ihdng minh Id phdi sd hda tdt cd hgc sinh, thdy gido cdc Irudng kel ndi vdi "[2] Ky nguyen cua bdng den va nghe gidng thu ddng cudi ciing cung phai chdm dirt sau nhilu the ky tdn tai dl nhudng ch6 cho trudng hgc vdi bdng dien tii tuong tdc vd chia se gido dn todn cdu Nhd phuang tiln ipad, Smartphone , ngudi hgc cd the dl dang tim cau tra ldi nhanh ban bit cu mgt mdt hinh thdc hgc tap ndo tri thuc CO ban khong phdi la nhQ:ng sy kien bilt lap cdn phai ghi nhd Su chuyin d6i ndy dd md dudng cho su thay doi nhirng nghien cuu co ban vl cac ly thuyet CNTT giao due Nhu vdy Cdn phdi cd mdi cudc cdch mgng ihay ddi hodn lodn ve cdch nhgn thirc : Hoc khong phdi de nhd cdc kiin ihirc (vi dd cd cdc Ihiet bi CNTT hd trg de nhd), Hgc de biin kien thirc ihdnh Iri thuc Id phdn cdt ldi ciia phuang phdp hoc mdi, cdn dugc ggi la cdch hgc tu hgc cdch sdng tgo tren nin tdng CNTT Ddy Id ca_sgkhoa hoc quan trgng de xdy dung mdn khoa hgc lien ngdnh mdi - CNTT gido dye, ylu tl, nin nhdt thilt phai kit hgp them ca nhdng tac ddng ciia xa hdi theo dang mgt HE SINH THAI HOC TAP, Cu thi, web 2.0 dua khdng gian he sinh thai hgc tdp mdi : tri thdc kit ndi mang vd van hanh cdc mang ludi hgc t|p Day la dilm nhdn chinh xu hudng phdt trien gido dye hien dgi Theo quan dilm kit ndi ngudi hgc c6 the trd ngudi day cdc he thong nhdm, mang ludi hgc tap va ngudi day cd the trd thdnh ngudi bgc cdc tinh hudng khde Giai doan E-learning 2,0 dugc phdt trien tilp theo dl td chuc hgc tap cd tuong tdc, thdng qua cdc du an khdm pha tri thdc vdi hgc lieu md Nguon tri thdc ngdy la phuc hgp tir cdc tri thirc ban lam, chinh thdng phuc vu hgc tgp chinh thdc cdc chuyin gia dua ra, tdi cac tri thuc kit ndi nhu la kit qud sang tao tu qua trinh suy nght kit noi cdc ngudn tri thdc ngirdi hgc lao Co the khdng dinh rdng, CNTT khdng chi Id cdng cu md tra thdnh tdc nhdn (actor), vd Id mdi trudng sinh thdi cho hoc tap & qudn ly gido dye Cung gidng nhu cd sdng duoc Id nha moi trudng nude, gido due hien dgi ldn tgi Id nhd he sinh Ihdi ket ndi mgng— khdng the tdch rdi mang ket noi Nhu vdy CNTT la mdt sif 'tdt yiu', khdng the tdch khdi Gido diic hien dgi 5.3 Mo hinh giao diJC mdi theo mo hinh truyin thong Khi cac phuang tien mang may tinh chua phdt triln, ngudi hgc mudn tilp thu kiln thuc chi cd mgt cdch la phdi den Irudng ngdi nghe gido vien giang, Nhung cac kiln thuc din ngudi hgc khong chi tu cdc giao vien md cd thi tu he thdng mang mdy tinh vd td cac phuang tiln nghe nhin khde nhu binh dudi ddy 5.2 Ddi mdi tir sir pham- he sinh thdi hgc tap tren nin web 2.0 Md hinh gido due truyin thong, "dong khung" khong gian chinh la trudng -Idp thay-trd, sdch-vd, hgc hanh-thi cu Trong ky nguyln internet, hgc tap la su kit n6i cua nhilu Md hinh dgy hgc mdi TAP Clli KHOA HOC & CONG N G H E CAC TRUONG DAI HOC KV THUAT A SO 98 - 2014 Hoat dgng day cua cac gido viln chi la mdt phan ciia mdi trudng hgc tap dd Sir hoan thien ndy ddi hdi nhieu phuang tien truyin thdng khac (truyen thdng da phuang tien - multimedia communication Phan tich tren cho thay "dgy" ddng nghTa vdi "day each hgc" chii khdng phdi "day kien thirc", vi kiln thdc se den vdi ngudi hgc tu nhieu ngudn khac - khdng nhat thiet kien thirc, ky ndng phdi luon ludn din vdi ngudi hgc Id tu ngudi day! Nhu vay neu coi qud trinh day hgc Id qua trinh truyin thong thi bdn chat day hgc khde xa vdi bdn chat day hgc trudc ddy Viec ddi mdi vl mdt nhdn thirc dd khdng co nghTa la phii nhan cac gid tn truyen thong ciia he thdng gido due cu md ddy la qud trinh phdt triln tdt yeu ciia Ijch sir, Qud trinh day hgc (bao gdm day va hgc) thyc chdt Id qud trinh truyin th6ng theo m6 hinh ly thuylt truyen tin cua Shanon, mgt ly thuyet kinh dien ciia ngdnh ICT Tir kit luan tren cho thay: CNTT va gido due dd giao thoa vd phdt triln song hanh vdi nhau, CNTT co gido due va giao due CO CNTT, Nganh CNTT giao due hinh thdnh va phdt trien dua tren su phat trien bac cao ciia CNTT vd gido due hien dgi CNTT gido due co the dugc xem la ngdnh hep ciia CNTT hien dai va can dugc lap mgt "vung phat triln" rilng dl co dilu kien phdt trien ban bdi canh toan cau hda MQT SO THANH QUA CUA NGANH CNTT GIAO DVC [3| CNTT giao due la nganh nghiln cuu su dung CNTT hien dgi phuc vu cdng tac giao due Mgt s6 kel qua nganh CNTT gido due dat dugc ndi bat 10 ndm gan day: 6.1 Bien trd choi dien tir cong cu hgc tap CNTT gido due hodn toan c6 the nghiln cuu sir dung chinh nhQ:ng trd chai dien tu cdng cu h6 trg hgc tap, Vi du trd chai DimensionM giup ngirdi hgc hieu tinb thdng toan hgc bdng each thuc hiln cac su menh, kha ndng hilu bilt tdng Ien rd ret Trd choi InnovS giiip cac sinh viln dai hgc phdt triin ky ndng cdng nghg thong tin mdt nin kinh tl todn cdu Hi^n nay, mgt sd trudng dai hpc hang ddu vl khoa hgc ciia nude My dang thiet kl mdu phdn mim trd chai de diing vdo viec day bat ky mdt mdn hgc nao dua vao su tham gia tich cue cua ngudi hgc cac trd chai hgc tap 6.2 Ung dung dien toan ddm mSy North Carolina State University (NCSU) cua Malaysia da su dung dien todn dam may thuc hien mgt giao dien web, xdy dyng mdt phdng tbi nghiem ao dt cdc sinh viln, gidng vien tir ben ngodi khudn viln trudng cd the truy cap dugc Phong thi nghiem ndy cung cdp djch vu theo ylu cau tinh todn nhu : ca sd hg tang nhu mgt djch vu, nin tdng nhu mdt dich vu, phan mem nhu mgt dich vu va dich vu dien todn bieu nang cao cho cac ca sd giao due Tii' ndm 2009, phong thi nghiem ndy da dugc phuc vu han 30 000 giang vien, sinh vien vd ddi ngu nhan viln truy cap thong qua mgt giao dien web 6.3 Hinh ky nguyen sdng lao dai chiing vd chia se thdng tin Wikipedia Id mo hinh ddng sang tao ke tii' nam 2001, dugc thuc bien bdi su cong tdc dai chung cua hang nghin chuyin gia cac ITnh vuc khac trin thi gidi Tdt ca cac bai viet dugc su dung miin phi bdi 1,4 ti ngirdi su dung mdy tinh di dgng da phuang tiln dd Idm thay doi bg mat cua nin kinh tl thi gidi Nhung md hinh sdng tgo dgi chiing toan cdu nhu Wikipedia co thi ggi y nhOng giai phap dong sang tao va ddi mdi bdng cdch su dung su hilu bilt ciia toan nhan logi Bat cu sinh viln nao trin the gidi gid day deu CO thi su dung chuang trinh bgc todn cau true tuyen mien phi ciia MIT (Dai bgc cdng nghe Massachusetts) : sinh vien co the lua chgn ndi dung hgc cua mdt nhiing trudng dai hgc hdng dau cua the gidi, nghien cuu bdt cd ITnh vyc gi Tai cac bai giang, chia se kinh nghiem tai mgt nhung dien dan ciia sinh viln Cdc nhd khoa hgc cd the lam thay ddi bdng cdch cong khai ngu6n diJ lieu de cho tat ca cac nha khoa hgc tre va cdc nha khoa hgc cd kinh nghiem tren thi gidi deu co ca hgi tham gia vao qua trinh khdm phd, Chuang trinh hoc lieu md ciia MIT la budc di dau tien de hudng tdi viec lap Sieu Dai hgc Toan cdu TAP CHi KHOA H Q C & CONG NGHg CAC TRUING D,»l H Q C K V THUAT * S(>98-2014 6.4 L;^ thuyet md dong hanh vdi thf nghiem v^ thirc hdnh md Viec day va hgc ly thuyet tryc tuyen dang la mgt thyc te trin khdp the gidi Giai doan tilp theo la ph6ng thi nghiem true tuyin (Open iLap), Vl nguyen tdc hien cdc tbi nghiem deu dugc kilm sodt bdng may tinh Vi thi cdc thi nghiem cd the kiem soat tir mgi khoang each thdng qua mang internet Mgt nhimg du dn ddu tiln thugc loai ndy Id iLap - mgt sang kien hgp tdc giita bd phan nghien cim ciia Microsoft vd MIT Dy an dugc thilt kl de cho phep sinh vien vdn hdnh cac dung cu thi nghiem tu phdng ngii hodc bat cir nai ndo hg mufln, Liic dd sl cho phep truy cgp md va miin phi cdc ph6ng thi nghiem true tuyen tren khdp thi gidi KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Thuc tl nganh CNTT giao due da am thdm hinh thdnh & boat ddng cdch day 10 ndm, nhung dang tiec, d Viet Nam chua cd mgt ca sd gido dye nao ddng cdng khai tuyen bd su tdn tgi ciia nganh hgc ndy Do chua dugc thira nhan nen khong cd co sd gido due Vi?t Nam ndo ddo tao chuyin ngdnh ndy Ngudn nhan lye ngdnh CNTT gido due chu yeu Idy tir cdc sinh viln tdt nghilp tir cac ngdnh khde rdi tu hgc thuc te dl hanh nghi nin rat mdt thai gian, lang phi cong sdc cua sinh viln va hau qua cho din ngdnh CNTT gido dye Vilt Nam chua cd mdt san pham nao CO ddng cdp mang tdm khu vyc Asia, Ddy la mgt bdt cap Idn he thdng gido due nude nhd : nhu cdu vl ngdnh CNTT giao due Id vo ciing ldn nhung khdng dugc nba nude ddu tu phdt trien, nhieu nganh dang du thira, lai dugc cac trudng dai hgc thi md nganh va dao tao d at, nhu ngi dung phan dnh ciia bai "Sinh vien suphgm thdt nghiep dd di khong /n?V"[4] la mdt vi du dien hinh Niu hinh liln nganh mdi - CNTT gido diic a trudng dgi hgc se giiip Chinh phii Viet Nam thyc bien tit dl an dao tao trieu nhdn lire ITnh vuc CNTT vdo ndm 2020 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Theo bdi "Viettel tuyen bd tir bd khai niem nhd mgng viln thong" tai http://ictnews.vn/home/Kinh-doanh/8/Viettei-tuyen-bo-tu-bo-khai-niem-nha-mang-vienthong/110231/index.ict Hodng Thiiy -'Dk xudt gido due dai hgc 2.0", bdo dien tit Vnexpress.net http://vnexpress.net/tintuc/xa-hoi/giao-duc/de-xuat-giao-duc-dai-hoc-2-0-2835245.html Ngd Tu Thanh "Hgc tap dua trin cdng nghe Web - thdi co vd thdch thuc", bdo giaoductboidaionline ngdy 19/5/2011 Nguyln Thao "Sinh vien su phgm 'thdt nghiep dd di khong hlf, bdo Vietnamnet 28/8/2013 Dia chi lac gid Ngd Td Thanh- Tel: (+84)904142391; E-mail: thanh.ngonj@hust.edu.vn Vien Su pham ky thudt Trudng Dai hgc Bach khoa Ha Ngi Sd I, Dai Cd Viet, Hai Bd Trung, Ha Ndi ... nhan luc Tin hgc Xay dimg, trirdng Dai hgc Xay dung da thiet lap chuang trinh ddo tao Tin hgc Xdy dung Sinh viln ngdnh Tin hgc Xay dung dugc trang hi tdt vl chuyen mon Xdy dung vd Lap trinh tin hgc... ddng nghTa vdi thii tieu ngdnh cu, vi du tin hgc vien thdng hiln dd thay tbi viln thong truyin thong su diing Tong ddi td thach, thii tilu lu6n diin tin truyen thing Cdc nganh giao thoa vdi CNTT... dai hgc & cao dang hiln da thdnh lap cdc khoa liln nganh : thuang mai diin tir, tin hgc kinh te, Su pham Toan - Tin, , de phuc vu cho vile ddo tao ngudn nhan luc cho cac liln nganh tuang dng,