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NGHIEN CQU TRAO DOI 6Mf PHiiP THUC OttV NGHIEN CtfU KHOII HOC THEO D|NH Hl NG DAI HQC DANG CAP QUdC li TS NGO TU THANH Cl [jdi each giao due dai hpc va xdy iung trudng dai hpc ddng cdp qudc te (DCQT[.]
NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DOI 6Mf PHiiP THUC OttV NGHIEN CtfU KHOII HO THEO D|NH HlA^NG DAI HQC DANG CAP QUdC li TS NGO TU THANH [jdi each giao due dai hpc va xdy iung trudng dai hpc ddng cdp qudc te (DCQT) hidn dang Id mue tidu ph^rT^au cua nen gido due dai hpc Viet Nam Mdt nhdng ydu to quan trpng hinh ndn dai hpc DCQT la trudng phai cd cac giang vidn dat trinh dp qud'e te Ddnh gia ngudi giang vidn trudng Dai hpc DCQT phai hdi tir ba chdc nang: dao tao, nghien cdu khoa hpc va phue vu xa hdi Vi vay, mud'n ddnh gia toan didn mdt giang vidn dai hpc, ngoai cdng tdc giang day phai xet dd'n su ddng gdp cua giang vidn dd nghidn cdu khoa hpc va phue vu xa hdi Trong bai vidt nay, chdng tdi chi gidi han mdt sd giai phdp cu the vl vide nghidn cdu khoa hpc (NCKH) gdp phdn nang cao vj the cua dai hpc ddn dd'n DCQT C l L Hudng tie'p can de'n cac trudng dai hpc dang cap qudc tc a Cdc thong sd ddnh gid dai hoc DCQT O My, hang nam ngudi ta xd'p hang cac trudng dai hpc can cd trdn thdng so sau: tdng kinh phf ddnh cho nghidn cdu va tridn khai; kinh phf ddnh cho nghidn cdu va trien khai Chfnh phu Lidn bang trp cdp; sd can bd la vidn cdc vidn han lam qudc gia cd uy tin; sd giai thudng cd uy tfn ma cac can bd nhdn dupe; sd luan an tid'n si bao vd hang nam tai trudng; so can bd tu nghidp sau tid'n si lam vide tai trudng; ngudn vd'n lau ddi; quy tai trp hang nam Qua bang phan tfch sd lieu cua hai trudng: Trudng xd'p thd (dai hpc danh tieng nhdt thi gidi - Dai hpc Harvard) va 40 Trudng xd'p thd 25 (dai hpc trung binh cua nudc My - Dai hpc Northwestern) bang xd'p hang nam 2004 (xem bdng a cuoi bdi) cd the thay, ddi vdi mdt dai hpc dang cap cao, cac vdn de sau day dupe coi la quan trpng nhdt: - Nghidn ciiu khoa hpc - Dao tao cap cao (dao tao tid'n sT, postdoc) - Thu hut va xdy dung dpi ngu can bo chdt lupng cao - Xay dung thuang hidu nha trudng nhdm dat dupe su tfn nhidm cua xa hoi, nhd dd, thu hdt su tai trp cua xa hdi (nhu cdc doanh nghidp, cac td chdc xa hdi, ca nhan) b Cdc thong sd ca bdn quye't dinh cong trinh khoa hpc DCQT Ridng dd'i vdi van dl NCKH, de danh gid cdn phai sd dung cac tidu chf da quen thudc trdn thi gidi nhu sd cdng trinh khoa hpc cdng bd trdn cac tap chf qudc tl; sd cac bai bdo khoa hpc dupe trich ddn p Phi-lip-pin trudc bao vd luan an tid'n SI, nghidn cdu sinh cdn phai cd it nhai mdt cdng trinh cdng bd d tap chf qudc te (theo danh mue lua chpn cua Vidn Thdng tin khoa hpc - ISI - rdt cd uy tfn trdn the gidi) Rd rang, ydu cdu cao hon rai nhilu so vdi ydu cdu dd'i vdi nghidn ciiu sinh cua Viet Nam Nhu vay, dl chdng minh tilm luc khoa hpc trdn binh didn qud'e tl, chung ta phai Hoc vi^n Cong ngh§, Bau chinh, viin thong TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A NUdc - S6 154 (11-2008) NGHliN CLTU - TRAO o6l dat mue tidu tang so lupng cac cdng trinh dang trdn cac tap chi khoa hpc - cdng nghd qudc t l thdi gian tdi (Jdc dl tai khoa hpc, cac luan an tid'n si cd cac cdng trinh cdng bd nudc ngoai phai dupe danh gid cao hon so vdi cac dl tai luan an khae Nd'u gpi sd lupng cac cdng trinh dang trdn cdc tap chf khoa hpc cdng nghd qudc t l la ddu thi ddu vao la td hpp cua thdng so chfnh: CO che, chfnh sach quan ly khoa hpc; CO sd trang thilt bi, phdng thuc hanh (LAB); dpi ngu can bd khoa hpc Trong pham vi mdt trudng dai hpc, co ehl chfnh sach quan ly khoa hpc lanh dao cua trudng quydt dinh Mdt co che quan ly thdng thoang, thay ddi de phu hop vdi CO ehl thj trudng, chfnh sach khuye'n khfch, tao ddng luc cho can bd khoa hpc - cdng nghd (KH - CN) nhu ehl dp uu dai, luong phu hpp se la ddng luc thuc day de tao cac cdng trinh khoa hpc tdm cd qudc tl Trong xu the hdi nhap, cac trudng dai hpc khdi khoa hpc tur nhidn vd ki thuat ludn phai cap nhap cdng nghe mdi nhdt cua the gidi, cdc cdng trinh NCKH tdm cd chi cd the thuc hidn cac phdng thf nghidm hidn dai tuong xdng Vl dpi ngu can bd KH - CN, ngudi la ye'u to quylt djnh cdc hoat ddng xa hdi ndi chung, hoat ddng KH - CN ndi rieng Day la mdt thach thdc ldn qua trinh hdi nhap qudc td'vd cung la mdt nhiem vu nang nl dat ldn vai cdc trudng dai hpc Cac cdng trinh NCKH cd tdm cd qudc tl, cac dl tai nghien cdu bao gdm cac nha khoa hpc ten tudi, cac timg dung ndi bat, chdt lupng sinh vien chuyen nganh, trinh dp ngoai ngd, la nhiing ddi hdi cdp thilt qua trinh xay dung mdt dai hpc cd DCQT Nhan thiic mdi ve vai tro ciia nghien cufu khoa hpc cac trudng dai hpc Viet Nam hien Viet Nam, thdi gian qua, sd lupng cac trudng dai hpc da tang ldn mdt each "chdng mat" Mac du cdc trudng dai hpc tdn gpi khde fihau nhung diu cd cac khoa "thdi thupng" nhu cdng nghd thdng tin, didn td, vidn thdng, quan tri kinh doanh, kinh t l dd'i ngoai, Do vay, sd lupng cac sinh vidn yl cac chuydn nganh d nude ta se tang dot bid'n va tao ndn dp luc canh tranh mdi Trudc sdc ep dd, de tdn tai va viing bude di ldn, cdc trudng dai hpc phai nang cao chat lupng dao tao va xay dung uy tfn thuang hidu cho minh Mud'n cd chdt lupng dao tao tdt phai cd nhumg giang vidn gidi the hidn qua cdc cdng trinh khoa hpc dupe qud'e td'cdng nhan Nhu vay, NCKH d dai hpc giai doan hdi nhap khdng chi cd y nghia qudc gia, y nghia thuc tidn, ma thdng qua dd, cdn de nang cao vi the cua tiing trudng Cac trudng dai hpc danh tie'ng trdn the gidi chi cd the nhan biet cac trudng dai hpc Viet Nam qua cdc cdng trinh khoa hpc cua giang vidn trudng dd trdn cdc tap chf uy tfn cua the gidi hay qua cac hdi thao khoa hpc qudc tl Nhu vay, hpp tdc qud'e te giua cdc trudng dai hpc hidn ddng nghia vdi hpp tac khoa hpc Trong NCKH, cdn cd su thay ddi quan diim dinh nghTa vl dl tdi NCKH cung nhu thay ddi quan diim vl ddu tu kinh phf cho NCKH Viec NCKH khdng ngoai mue dfch la nghien cdu cai cu the gdn vdi djnh hudng phat trien cua nganh, cua trudng dai hpc va dl tai nghien cuu phai mdi, phai mang tinh hpc thuat DCQT NCKH phai lam cai mdi vdi mdc dp khde Nd'u kit qua nghidn ciiu ma giai quylt cu the mdt cdng vide, sang chi mang lai Ipi ich cho xa hdi, cho nganh thi cd the chua cdn dd'n bai bdo khoa hpc, nhidn, cung cdn dupe danh gid vl ham lupng khoa hpc Cdn nd'u kit qua nghidn ciiu chua mang lai hidu qua dng dung cu the gl thi nhdt thilt phai cd bai bdo khoa hpc cdp qudc te, qudc gia, tap chi chuydn san (tinh diem cdng trinh) mdi dupe danh gia dd la dl tai khoa hpc thuc su Bao cao kit qua NCKH dupe vf nhu la cude thi boi dupe td chdc d cdc noi khae nhau: boi d hd, boi d sdng Idn va boi trdn bien Chdt lupng cdc dl tai khoa hpc dupe the hidn qua bdo cdo chuydn dl (seminar) TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUdC - Sd 154 (11-2008) 41 NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO 001 hay hdi nghi khoa hpc cdp khoa dupe vf nhu thi boi d ao lang Bao cao tai hdi nghj khoa hpc cdp trudng dai hpc gid'ng nhu thi boi d hd Bao cao tai hdi nghi khoa hpc toan qudc, hay cdc tap chf qud'e gia gid'ng nhu thi boi d sdng Bao cao tai hdi nghj khoa hpc qud'e t l hay dang trdn cdc tap chf khoa hpc cd uy tfn trdn thi gidi gid'ng nhu thi boi d bien Viet Nam gia nhap WTO dupe vf nhu ca nudc dang bude biin ldn Mdi giang vidn cua cdc trudng Dai hpc phai cd k l hoach cho ban than bude td ao lang hd rdi sdng, rdi vuon bien ldn nhdm khang dinh nang luc cua ban than mdi giang vidn xu thi hdi nhap Vl ddu tu kinh phf cho NCKH, cung cdn cd nhiing thay ddi vl quan diem ddu tu NCKH phai tao kit qua nghidn cdu mdi d mdc dp khde Khdng danh gia tfch NCKH cua giang vidn dua trdn so cac dl tai da dupe nghidm thu ma danh gia qua cdc san pham nghidn cdu cu the Day la each "Ndi khdng vdi bdnh ticli khoa hpc" Thuc ticho thay, lam nhilu dl tai kim chdt lupng la dang tim each lam ngheo ddt nudc Khdng nen phan bidt dl tai da dupe nghidm thu cap hay cdp khde ma chu ydu phan bidt ddng cap cua tiifng cdng trinh khoa hpc xem cd tid'p can vdi DCQT hay dng dung cu thi gi khdng? Ddu tu cho NCKH phai dat dupe mdt hai mue dich: tao cac san pham khoa hpc, bao gdm cac bai bdo khoa hpc dang tren cac tap chi qudc tl, qudc gia hoac cac sang ehl mang lai Ipi ich cho xa hdi; tao dilu kidn cho mpi giang vidn dupe tham gia NCKH qua cac bao cao chuydn dl d cdp thdp "tap boi quanh quan ao lang" trudc vuon bien ldn Mot so' y kie'n de xuat md hinh hoat dpng nghien cihi khoa hoc a Doi mdi cong tdc qudn ly khoa hpc Nguydn tdc chung cua each quan ly mdi dd'i vdi cdng tac quan ly khoa hpc la giai phdng nhung ngudi lam khoa hpc khdi co chlcu, ndp nghi cu, tao dilu kidn va co hdi de hp phat huy tdi da sdc sang tao Nhd 42 khoa hpc mud'n sang tao cdn cd tfnh lang man, ngdu hdng pham vi nhdt djnh, va thdng thudng chi cd chuydn gia tdng linh vuc, am hieu va cd kinh nghidm nghidn cdu linh vuc dd mdi bidt ndn nghidn cdu di tdi gl va cdn phuong tiln gi Vf du: thf diem quan ly khoa hpc theo co ehl "khodn 10 ndng nghidp", cu the ndn cd cP ehl quan ly mdi dd'i vdi khoan kinh phf khoa hpc cho cdc khoa, giang vidn Co che phai phd hpp vdi cdng tac nghidn cdu, don gian han, hidu qua hon, tilt kidm hon so vdi ca che quan ly cu Khoan todn bd phdn kinh phf cho cdc khoa tu ehju trach nhidm vdi kit qua nghidn cdu Phdng quan ly khoa hpc cua trudng se giam sat chat che hoat ddng dd va danh gia trdn CO sd lioat ddng dd hidu qua nhu thi nao, dng dung sao, chd khdng phai kiem sodt tiifng mue, tdmg khoan kinh phi nhu hidn nay, lam cho giang vidn ton nhilu thdi gian quyd't toan Tid'p do, phdc thao phuong dn bude ddu "khoan khoa hpc": ddu nam cdp cho mdi giang vidn cua trudng dai hpc (vf du, trieu ddng gpi la tiln hd trp NCKH) Cud'i nam giang vidn bao cdo cac kit qua NCKH, vf du, co mdt bai bdo dang d hdi nghi qudc tl, mpt kit qua nghidn cdu da dupe dng dung tai mdt CO sd Luc dd quyd't toan trieu cho bai bdo qudc tl, trieu cho kit qua dng dung theo phuong cham "lam nhilu hudng nhilu lam it hudng it, khdng lam khdng hudng" Giang vidn nao cud'i nam khdng cd kit qua khoa hpc nao thi trieu tiln tam dng se bj trd ddn vao luang nam sau hoac nam sau ichdng dupe nhan tiln hd trp NCiCH nua Sau thdi gian thi diem each quan ly nhu trdn, se tdng kit de ddnh gia uu, nhupc diem cua co che mdi trudc tid'n hanh dp dung mdt each dai tra b Cdc bien phdp thuc hien mpt de tdi khoa hpc Mpt la, lira chpn hudng nghidn cdu Day la cdng vide cua can bd ddu dan thuc hien dua trdn cac nguydn tdc: phai la hudng nghien cdu mui nhpn dang duac cdc nha khoa hpc trdn thi gidi quan tam, cd ham TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA N U C - S6 154 (11-2008) NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO D I lupng khoa hpc cao va cd tilm nang dng dung ldn; dap dng nhu cdu sd dung linh vuc chuydn mdn; phu hpp vdi dilu kidn trang thilt bj, cdn bd nghidn cdu cua trudng Hai la, triln khai thuc hidn dd tai, cdn len kl hoach nghidn cdu va tid'n dp thuc hidn cho dl tai; phan cdng nhidm vu cu the cho tufng ngudi trien khai dl tai; thudng xuydn kiem tra vide tid'n hanh thuc nghidm, xu ly, thao luan kit qua thuc nghiem va cdng bd kit qua nghidn ciiru Ba Id, thudng xuydn td chdc cdc hdi thao (seminar) khoa hpc Day la hoat ddng khoa hpc quan trpng de tri va phat huy vai trd cua dl tai nghidn cdu Ndi dung cua cac seminar la cdn dam bao theo hudng khai thdc tai lieu cap nhat Vdi cdc bai bao hay cdn phai md xe, phan tfch chi tilt td y tudng, phuang phdp tdi cac kit qua va dilu quan trpng la rut dupe bai hpc gi vl ly luan va thuc tidn td cdng trinh dd Cd the sd dung can bd tre, hpc vidn cao hpc vd nghidn cdu sinh chuan bj ki va thuyet trinh, song ngudi dilu khien phai bill dan ddt de budi sinh hoat khoa hpc thuc su la budi hdi thao sdi ndi, bd fch Phai xem day la mdt khau qua trinh tu dao tao can bd - Trinh bay vd thao luan nhdng kit qua nghidn cdu cua cac dl tai - Cac giang vidn di du cac hdi nghi qudc t l hoac qudc gia trd vl diu phai bao cdo kip thdi vl bdc tranh phat trien khoa hpc trdn the' gidi cung nhu qudc gia va nhumg hudng mui nhpn dang dupe quan tam - Cd thi mdi chuyen gia nudc ngoai hoac don vj khde nudc lam bdo cao tdng quan hoac trinh bay cac kit qua nghidn cdu cdc cdng nghd tidn tid'n cua don vi hp Qua cac seminar nay, khdng nhdng can bd hpc dupe nhdng kiln thdc co ban va cac kiln thdc mdi md cdn bidt each van dung chung de giai quylt cdc vdn dl dat va ly giai cac kit qua thu dupe cung nhu bill each tu tra cdu vd khai thac cdc tai lieu TAP CHI QUAN V( NHA NUdc - Sd 154 (11-2008) Bdn Id, tang cudng giao luu nudc va qudc tl Khuydn khfch cdc giang vidn tham gia cdc hoat ddng khoa hpc vdi cdc don vj nudc nhu dpc cac bdo cao khoa hpc tai cdc hdi thao khoa hpc qudc gia Tang cudng cd giang vidn (ke ca hpc vidn cao hpc, nghidn cdu sinh, cdng tdc vidn) di du cdc hdi nghj qudc gia va qudc tl, trao ddi hpp tac ngdn hoac dai han d nudc ngoai Mdi cac nha khoa hpc nudc ngoai trao ddi hpp tdc chuyen mdn vd giang bai tai trudng dl cd dilu kidn nang cao trinh dp chuydn mdn va ngoai ngd Cac hoat ddng giao luu khoa hpc khdng nhiing giup cho giang vidn hpc tap va cap nhat dupe phuong hudng va phong each NCKH tai cdc nudc tidn tid'n ma cdn cd djp dupe "cp xdt" vd khang dinh thi diing cua minh Cdn nhdn manh rdng, khdng the dat trinh dp cao NCKH nd'u khdng hdi nhap qud'e tl Phdn ldn dl tdi va cdng trinh cd gia trj diu bdt ngudn td viec di du cac hdi nghj qudc te va hpp tac qudc tl Ndm Id, quan tam dd'n san phdm, ddu cua dl tai Tat ca cac de tai KHCN diu phai ddn din cdc san pham ddu Dd la: cdc quy trinh cdng nghd, cdc ban thilt ke; cac bai bdo, bao cao khoa hpc, ban tdng kit dl tai; cac san phdm dao tao: khoa luan tdt nghidp, luan van thac si, luan an tid'n sT Vide cdng bd cdng trinh khoa hpc trdn cac tap chf cd uy tfn trdn thi gidi hoac tai cac hdi nghi qudc t l la minh chdng cu the, rd rang chdt lupng cdng trinh khoa hpc da dat trinh dp khu vuc va qudc te Vi thi, cac dl tdi nghidn cdu phai dat quyet tam pha'n ddu nang cao chdt lupng cac cdng trinh de dupe dang tai trdn cac tap chi qudc tl Nhin chung, mdt trudng dai hpc tidn tid'n thi san phdm ddu cua nd phai la nhumg cdng trinh nghidn cdu KH - CN ngang tdm qud'e t l chfnh dpi ngu giang vidn cdng vdi sinh vien cua trudng qua trinh hpc tap tao va ngudn nhan luc cd chdt lupng cao dupe ddnh gia theo chuan muc qudc te Hai mue tidu gdn kit chat che vdi nhau, vay, dudng 43 NGHIEN CCrU • TRAO D | mdi trudng dao tao ly tudng: gidp moi ngudi dupe thuc hidn mdt phdn vide cua de tdi, nghidn cdu nhung vdn dl khoa hpc hien dai, dupe ren lu^en phuong phap NCKH, td phan tich, md xe, lim hieu sau sdc ban chat va tfnh logic cua cdc ndi dung cho de'n each nhd va van dung vao thuc tidn xay dung mdt dai hpc tidn tid'n cdn kit hop dao tao tien tiln vdi xay dung va phat trien NCKH tidn tid'n NCKH ciing chinh la vide nang cao chat lupng dao tao, la van dl sd'ng cdn cua trudng dai hpc tidn tid'n tid'p can dai hpc qudc tl Su tham gia vdo cac dl tai nghien cdu cua giang vidn, sinh vien, hpc vidn cao hpc va nghidn cum sinh se tao Trudng thur 1,25Ten trirdng - Dai hoc Harvard 25-OH Northwestern Nghien curu Nhan lire Ong ho tCr xa hoi Dao tao cap cao Tdng l