Trao doi — ^ ~ Khoa hoc Gido due HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUll KHOA HOC CUA SINH VIEN P H A N T I C H DlTOri GOC DO T A M L I H O C • TS LE THj MINH LOAN Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi 1 Md dau Trong qua trinh dao t[.]
Trao doi — ^ ~ Khoa hoc Gido due HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUll KHOA HOC CUA SINH VIEN P H A N T I C H DlTOri GOC D O T A M L I H O C • TS LE THj MINH LOAN Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi Md dau Trong qua trinh dao tao d bac dai hoc, nghien cdu khoa hpc (NCKH) cua sinh vien (SV) la mot nhdng hoat dpng quan giup hp cung co, tdng hdp va nang cao kien thdc da hpc, lam quen vdi cac phddng phap td NCKH, tao dieu kien di sau tim hieu, nghien cdu nhdng van de cu the ma chuyen mdn dat NCKH giup nang cao chat Iddng dao tao va td dao tao, phat hien va bdi dddng tai nang tre cho dat nddc [1], Viec phan tich hoat dpng NCKH dddi gdc dp tarn li hpc giup chung ta hieu ro hdn nhan thdc, thai dp, hanh vi cua SV qua trinh thdc hien nghien cdu, tren cd sd dd dda nhdng chinh sach, bien phap ho trp, khuyen khich phu hdp de day manh hoat dpng SV Bai viet phan tfch, lam ro mot so yeu to co ban anh hddng den hoat dpng NCKH cua SV Cac vain de dddc xem xet, nhin nhan theo qua trinh thdc hien NCKH va cac chu the tac dpng den hoat dpng Nghien cdu dieu tra, khao sat bang bang hdi ket hpp vdi phdng van sau va quan sat hdn 1.600 SV trddng Dai hpc Khoa hpc hpc, chu dpng hdn hpc tap, hieu sau hdn ve kien thdc chuyen mon, giup SV sau trddng cd the td tin hdn cong viec": "NCKH la bddc tap ddpt de em lam tot khoa luan tot nghiep" Nhdng li nhd "Neu khong tich ede NCKH thi se bi lac long, se bi che bai la kern coi" hoac "Khong NCKH la khong nghe Idi thay co, la lam that vong ngddi than" dddc rat it SV ddng tinh (ti le td 15,8% den 20%) Khi phdng van sau, cd SV da tra Idi: "SV dddc trang bi rat nhieu kien thdc, nhdng kien thdc thddng rat dan trai, chda mang tinh chuyen sau Tdi mudn NCKH de tap ddpt kT nSng van dung tri thdc mot each tdng hdp vao viec phan tich, tdng hpp mot van de cu the, qua dd de tich luy kinh nghiem NCKH Cung vdi dieu thi viec cpng diem hpc tap va ren luyen, neu doat giai cung rat hap dan, Idi cudn" Qua trinh NCKH cung la dip tot de SV cd dieu kien tiep xuc trdc tiep vdi giang vien, ddpc trinh bay nhdng thac mac, trao ddi nhdng van de hieu biet chda sau Mot SV chia se: "Trong Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi Ket qua nghien cdu 2.1 Dpng cotham gia NCKH ciia SV Tuyet dai SV (99,2%) deu nhan thdc dddc ring, NCKH cd vai tro quan trong qua trinh dao tao Nhdng dpng cd chinh cua SV tham gia NCKH la: "Nghien cdu khoa hpc giup em van dung nhdng kien thdc da hpc vao de phan tfch nhdng van de ddi song xa hpi": "NCKH giup cho SV he thong hoa nhdng kien thdc da hpc tap cung nhieu van de chda hieu, em cd y djnh gap giao vien de dddc giai dap nhdng lai sp cudi cung lai thdi Sau dpt lam de tai khoa hpc thi khoang each giao tiep cua em vdi giao vien thu hep mot each ro rang, em thay giao vien cung rat than thien va de gan Den bay gid thi em cam thay tu" tin va thoai mai moi giao tiep vdi giao vien" Nhdng so lieu nghien cdu cho thay, dpng co NCKH da ddpc hinh kha ro net d SV, KHGD sd 56 thang - 2010 45 Khoa hoc Gido due song su" phat then cua no dong co thuc day manh me SV vdpt qua kho khan qua trinh thuc hien NCKH ddng lai d mdc chua cao (chi co 15% phat then d mdc cao, lai mdc trung binh va thap) 2.2 Hieu biet cua SV ve cac budc thuc hien NCKH Hoat dong NCKH can dupe tien hanh theo nhdng Budc cd ban: Chinh xac hoa de tai - Xay dung de cUdng nghien cUu - Nghien cdu sach, tai lieu, van ban co lien quan de xay dung cd sd TT TT Bang 1: Hieu biet cua SV ve thd tu cac budc thuc hien NCKH Thd UT dung (%) Cac cong viec Nam Nam Nam Chinh xac hda de tai 37,0 22,4 20,6 Xay dung de cuang nghien cuu 31,8 34,4 37,6 Nghien cdu sach, tai lieu, van ban cd lien quan 22,5 23,6 19,8 de xay dung co sd li luan cua de tai Xay dung bp cdng cu nghien ciru 33,7 33,7 28,5 Then khai nghien ciru 20,5 27,0 21,3 Xir li so lieu nghien cuu 44,2 30,2 38,7 Trinh bay ket qua nghien cdu 34,4 36,0 26,9 53,0 Rut ket luan va de xuat kien nghi 43,3 47,5 Bang Phuong phap phat hien van de nghien cdu (%) PhUdng phap phat hien van de Nam Nam Theo gpi y cua giao vien 60,1 53,0 Theo su phan cdng 26,4 18,8 Phat hien van de hpc tap tren Idp 38,4 42,5 Dpc cac cdng trinh nghien cuu cua ngudi khac 20,8 20,2 Phat hien cac mau thuan tham du cac hdi 13,2 13,9 thao khoa hpc Tu nhan thay van de dang dupe xa hdi quan tarn 58,7 59,9 li luan cua de tai - Xay dung bp cong cu nghien ciru - Then khai nghien ciru - Xd li sd lieu nghien cUu - Trinh bay ket qua nghien cdu - Rut ket luan va de xuat kien nghi [2] Mudn dat ket qua nghien cdu tot, SV can nam vung thd tu cac budc 46 Ket qua dieu tra cho thay ti le SV nam dung quy trinh NCKH thap, deu dddi 50% (td 20,6 den 46,8%) SV cung chda hieu ro quy trinh NCKH dung nen khong biet can phai thdc hien cdng viec nao trudc, cong viec nao sau Dieu dan tdi hien tddng kha phd bien SV lam NCKH: SV chda xac dinh hudng nghien cUu da den gap giao vien hudng dan de nghi sda chua, gdp y "bp cong cu nghien cdu" - mot cong viec phai dupe lam sau de tai da ddpc xac dinh ro rang, da xay ddng dupe cd sd li luan cua de tai, TB 28,5 34,0 22,3 31,4 22,9 36,1 31,4 46,8 Nam 53,6 17,0 51,1 27,3 TB 56,3 21,8 42,5 22,0 13,8 13,6 66,2 60,7 xac dinh dddc cac tieu chi, thang HoSc cung cd trudng hdp SV dda nhirng ket luan va kien nghi ve van de nghien cdu d phan li chpn de tai (Bang 1) 2.3 Phuong phap phat hien vain de nghien cdu KHGD sd 56, thdng - 2010 Khoa hoc Gido due TT ,3 Bang Mac dp kho khan cua SV thifc hien NCKH Khoa hpc Hcdodng Nam Nam Narnl 0,87 0,81 0,80 Chinh xac hoa de tai Xac dinh dung doi tirgng, muc dich, nhiem vu nghien cuu, gia thuyet khoa hoc Lua chon phuong phap nghien ciiu phu hpp Xay dung bang hoi Xay dung co so li luan cua de tai Then khai nghien cdu Xu li, khai thac so lieu thu thap dupe Viet van ban trinh bay ket qua nghien cCru Trinh bay cong trinh nghien cuu trudc hpi dong khoa hpc Ket qua nghien cUu cho thay, da so SV phai nhd sd gpi y cua giao vien (56,3%), hoSc phat hien van de hpc tap tren Idp (42,5%) OTB 0,82 0,98 1,06 1,16 1,05 1,03 1,04 0,92 0,94 1,13 1,16 0,94 1,17 0,95 0,92 1,16 1,24 1,09 1,08 1,12 0,92 1,20 1,42 1,01 1,09 0,97 0,93 1,15 1,25 0,77 1,18 1,48 1,05 viec phat hien van de nghien cdu 2.4 Nhung kho khan cua SV thuc hien NCKH Giao vien cd anh hddng rat Idn viec dinh Bang phan tich nhdng khd khan ma SV hddng de tai NCKH cho SV Died cung phu gap phai qua trinh thuc hien NCKH vdi hdp vdi y kien cua giao vien (93,9% cho rang, mdc dp: khd khan - diem, vda phai - diem, viec NCKH cua SV thddng bat nguon theo gpi y khong khd khan - diem, nhd vay, diem trung cua giao vien) Ben canh dd, mot ket qua dang binh (OTB) cang thap thi mdc dp gap khd khan mUng la nhieu SV cung tdtim hieu, chpn nhdng cang Idn va ngdpc lai van de dang ddpc xa hpi quan tarn (60,7%) Ket qua tren cho thay, tat ca cac hoat Mot so lieu cung can chu y la 22% SV phat dpng NCKH, SV deu gap khd khan d mUc dp hien van de tdviec dpc cac cdng trinh nghien cdu vda phai (OTB chu yeu td 0,82 den 1,25) SV cua ngddi khac nhd (khoa luan, luan van, luan gap khd khan nhieu nhat d nhdng Budc dau tien: an) Mac du khong nhieu, nhdng dieu chdng "Chinh xac hda de tai", "Xac dinh dung ddi td SV da quan tarn den nguon thong tin va tddng, muc dich, nhiem vu nghien cdu, gia da cd kha nSng dpc - phan tich de hieu sau van thuyet khoa hpc", "Xay ddng cd sd li luan cua de de chd khong phai chi dpc - tiep nhan So sanh ti tai" Trong dd nhdng Bddc d giai doan sau: le SV den thd vien dpc cac cdng trinh nghien cdu "Xd li, khai thac so lieu da thu thap dddc" va "Viet trddc va sau thdi diem dang ki de tai cho thay, ti van ban trinh bay ket qua nghien cUu" la cong le tang vpt then khai de tai nghien cdu viec ma SV cho la it gap khd khan hdn Dieu cho thay dpng cd chu yeu cua viec "Chinh xac hda de tai" la Bddc khd khan van la de ke thda cac ket qua cua ngddi khac ca ddi vdi nhdng ngddi da cd be day kinh Ket qua nghien cdu cung cho thay, cang nhdng nghiem nghien cdu Day la bddc dau tien, la nam hpc sau, SV cang chu dpng va dpc lap hdn thao tac cd tarn quan hang dau vi se dinh KHGD so 56, thdng - 2010 47 Khoa hpc Gido due — Trao doi v N ^ hddng cho cac cong viec tiep theo Oe thud hien nhieu y tddng cua SV ddpc hinh va cd the tot, ngddi nghien cdu phai co phong kien there phat then cac chu diem nghien cdu rang, co kha nang phat hien mau thuln, thieu Phddng phap, hinh thdc kiem tra danh gia sot, nhCrng dieu chda hoan thien cac mdn hpc (ca gida ki lan cudi ki) cung tac dpng cong trinh nghien cdu trddc dd SV cd the thdc den hoat dpng NCKH cua SV Cac hinh thdc thi hien bddc nhd: sd gpi y cua thay co, doc cac trac nghiem, thi van dap, viec lam tieu luan, lam cong trinh nghien cdu cua ngddi khac (khoa bai tap Idn, de an mon hpc hay viec lam khoa luan, luan van, luan an ), phat hien cac mau luan tot nghiep se giup SV tot hdn NCKH thuSn tham dd cac hpi thao khoa hpc, hoac SV hpc dddc rat nhieu td viec thdc hien cac cdng td chpn van de dang dddc xa hpi rat quan tarn viec nhd sd dung thd vien, Internet, tim, dpc Giang vien cung la ngddi ma SV hddng den va tdng ket tai lieu, xac dinh van de, phddng dau tien gap khd khan NCKH, mac du phap thdc hien, lam viec nhdm, trinh bay va bao ti le khong cao (48,5%) Trong dd, 41% ve Tuy nhien, viec kiem tra, danh gia mdn hpc SV tim each trao ddi vdi ban be mdi gap khd hien van nang ve viec kiem tra tri nhd cua khan NCKH; 40,5% SV td vdpt qua khd SV, khong chu den viec danh gia kha nang khan de thdc hien de tai khoa hpc den cung; tdng hdp, phan tich mot van de cu the nao dd 30,4% dpc tap chi chuyen nganh de tim Idi giai mdn hpc, vay, hpc thi SV khong dap quan tarn phan tich, tim hieu sau van de, ma chi 2.5 Anh hwong tuphia cac giang vien va nha truong can cd gang ghi nhd dddc cang nhieu, cang chinh xac cang tot Trong hoat dpng NCKH cua SV, td bat Sdcung tham gia qua trinh NCKH cua dau den ket thuc, viec hinh va ren giang vien va SV cung anh hddng Idn den kha luyen cac kT nang nghien cdu, kha nang vdpt khd nang NCKH cua SV Odi vdi cac de tai cua SV, khan cua SV bi anh hddng rat nhieu td phia cac cac giang vien chi ddng lai d mdc hddng dan, giang vien va nha trddng giup dd, SV td thdc hien Cho den nay, rat it Phddng phap giang day cua giang vien cd SV dddc tham gia vao cac cong trinh NCKH cua tac dung kich thich hoac han che tinh tfch cut giang vien Cac cdng trinh nghien cdu cua giang NCKH cua SV, den viec hinh va phat trien vien va SV thddng ddpc tien hanh dpc lap cac kT nang td hpc, td NCKH cua SV Nghien cdu SV khong cd dieu kien dddc cung vdi cac thay cho thay, neu giang vien chi van dung phddng co thdc hien NCKH, khong cd cd hpi dddc quan phap dpc - chep, thinh thoang giang giai tri thdc sat, hpc hdi kinh nghiem nghien cdu cua cac khd thi SV se thu dpng hdn, khong cd kha nang giang vien NCKH phan tich, phat hien vain de Ngdpc lai, neu Oieu kien cd sd vat chat thieu thdn cua nha giang vien van dung cac phddng phap day hpc trddng la yeu to quan lam giam chat Iddng, tich ede (chang han, day SV each gianh lay tri hieu qua NCKH cua SV 77,5% SV cho rang hp thdc, khdi day sd tham gia tich ede, chu dpng, thieu nhieu phddng tien can thiet de thdc hanh sang tao cua SV vao qua trinh day - hpc, ton (kinh phi, ngddi hddng dan, phong thi nghiem, cd y kien cua SV, tao cd hpi cho hp dddc sd thdc hanh, trang thiet bi kT thuat) 48% SV cho tham gia trao ddi, tranh luan) thi se lam cho rang, thd vien cua nha trddng khong du tai lieu 48 KHGD sd 56, thdng - 2010 Khoa hpc Gido due chuyen nganh cho SV mucin, cho ngoi lai qua thieu, khong the hpc ca budi d thu vien; 45% SV co NCKH cua SV da ddpc hinh kha ro net song chda phat then dpng cd thuc day manh me SV vdpt qua khd khan qua trinh ddpc hdi cho biet hp thieu rat nhieu dieu kien de cd the khai thac tot thdng tin tren mang Internet thdc hien NCKH Ti le SV nhan thdc va nam (sd luong may tinh, tdc dp truy cap, tien thue dung quy trinh NCKH thap Trong tat ca cac may, thdi gian dddc phep truy cap, ngoai ngd, kT nang sd dung vi tinh) hoat dpng NCKH, SV deu gap khd khan, chu Chuong trinh hpc tap nang ne cung la mot yeu d mdc dp vda phai Mac du cang nhdng nam hpc sau, SV cang chu dpng va dpc lap hdn trd ngai ddi vdi SV NCKH Tren 80% SV viec phat hien van de nghien cdu, song giao vien dddc hdi deu khlng dinh, thdi gian len Idp bat vln la ngddi cd anh hddng rat Idn viec d|nh budc dddc quy dinh thdi khoa bieu da hddng de tai cung nhd giai quyet cac khd khan chiem gan het quy thdi gian mot qua trinh thdc hien NCKH cua SV Phddng Ngoai thdi gian danh cho sinh hoat ca nhan, phap giang day, hinh thdc kiem tra, danh gia nhieu lam hp cung chi cd gid danh cho viec mon hpc cd tac dung kich thich hoac han che dpc tai lieu chuyen mon va NCKH Dieu din tinh tich cue NCKH, den viec hinh va phat den viec SV phai dpc tai lieu theo kieu ddi phd, then cac kT nang td NCKH cua SV Dieu kien cd khong phai dpc de tim toi, suy luan va nghien sd vat chat thieu thdn cua nha trddng la yeu to cdu van de So sanh vdi dai hpc Auckland (New Zealand), SV chi len Idp - gid mdi tuan de giao vien dinh hudng each nghien cdu, thdi gian lai hp td hpc theo each td dpc va tu nghien cdu [3] Nhdng yeu to tren da din den ket qua chi cd 23,8% SV cd mdc dp hinh kT nang NCKH d mdc dp cao, 51,2% cd mdc dp hinh kT quan lam giam chat Iddng, hieu qua NCKH cua SV chddng trinh hpc tap nang ne cung la mot trd ngai ddi vdi SV NCKH Nhdng dieu vda dupe phan tich tren day cung chinh la nhdng gpi md giup chung ta dda phddng hudng va nhdng giai phap thich hdp nham da'y manh hdn nda hoat dpng NCKH cua SV cac trddng dai hpc hien nay./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO nang NCKH d mdc dp trung binh va 25% so SV dupe dieu tra cd mdc dp hinh kT nang NCKH d mdc dp thap Nhu vay, da so SV (76,2%) kT nang NCKH chi dupe hinh d mdc dp trung binh va thap Ket luan Hoat dpng NCKH cua SV luon dddc nhan manh muc tieu dao tao cua cac trddng dai hpc Nd giup cho SV md mang tri thdc va trang bi mot so kT nang nghien cdu co ban de hp cd the trd nhdng nha khoa hpc cd ich sau Tuy nhien, hoat dpng NCKH cua SV vln chua dat dupe ket qua nhu mong mudn Phan tich dudi gdc dp tarn li hpc xa hpi, co the thay, dpng KHGD sd 56, thang 5-2010 NhCrng quy dinh ve NCKH sinh vien cua Dai hoc Qu gia Ha Noi Vu Cao Dam (2000): Phuong phap luan va phuong phap NCKH NXB Khoa hpc - KT thuat Ha Anh: "Benh ludi dpc" cua sinh vien Thanh Nien Online: http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/2007/Pages/200705/18048 3.aspx SUMMARY In higher education an important activity for studen is to consolidate, enhance knowledge, get acguainted wit research thinking Based on the psychological foundations this article analyzes and clarifies some basic facto affecting research activities by students, from motivatio problem identification to conducting research and issues doing research 49 ... cua ngddi khac (khoa bai tap Idn, de an mon hpc hay viec lam khoa luan, luan van, luan an ), phat hien cac mau luan tot nghiep se giup SV tot hdn NCKH thuSn tham dd cac hpi thao khoa hpc, hoac... NhCrng quy dinh ve NCKH sinh vien cua Dai hoc Qu gia Ha Noi Vu Cao Dam (2000): Phuong phap luan va phuong phap NCKH NXB Khoa hpc - KT thuat Ha Anh: "Benh ludi dpc" cua sinh vien Thanh Nien Online:... dddc quy dinh thdi khoa bieu da hddng de tai cung nhd giai quyet cac khd khan chiem gan het quy thdi gian mot qua trinh thdc hien NCKH cua SV Phddng Ngoai thdi gian danh cho sinh hoat ca nhan,