> ui/3 i m LICH sCr V A N H O A XA HOI CHAU AU GIAO DUC 6 BAC KY OAU THE KY XX DEN NAM 1915 CHUYEN 061 CAC TRUONG NHO GIAO SANG TRUONG PHAP VIET Sau khi thdn tinh Bac Ky nam 1882, cung vdi cac hoat dd[.]
:> ui/3 i-m LICH sCr - V A N H O A - XA HOI CHAU AU GIAO DUC BAC KY OAU THE KY XX DEN NAM 1915 CHUYEN 061 CAC TRUONG NHO GIAO SANG TRUONG PHAP-VIET Ths Tran Phirang Hoa Vien Nghien cuu Chau Au Sau thdn tinh Bac Ky nam 1882, cap huyen (diing dau la huan dao), phii cung vdi cac hoat ddng binh dinh quan sir, (dirng dau la giao thu) va cap tinh (dimg dau thuc dan Phap da lap ke hoach dao tao ngudi la ddc hgc) Cac trudng tu cac thay dd Viet de phuc vu cho cac muc dich chinh tri dam nhiem, thudng lang nao d Bac Ky ciing va kinh te Nam 1886, nhiing trudng Phap- cd Thdng thudng, mot khda hgc keo dai Viet dau tien da cd mat d Bac Ky Neu nhu d mudi nam - "thap nien dang hda" - "mirdi Nam Ky, thuc dan Phap sdm xda bd cac nam den sach" Thdi nha Nguyen, chuong trudng day chir Nho thi d Bac Ky, nhimg nha trinh phd bien gdm cap hgc': trudng ban xii van tiep tuc tdn tai, dugc dua vao he thdng trudng cdng dat dudi sir giam sat cua Sd Hgc chinh Bac Ky Cac trudng ban xii thay ddi dan ve each thirc td chiic, ve giao vien, chuong trinh va chuyen ddi cac trudng Phap-Viet Ddng thdi, cac ky thi Nho giao cung dugc cai each, bd sung them chii' Qudc ngii, chii Phap, toan hgc va mot sd mdn khoa hgc khac Bai viet se trinh bay ve qua trinh chuyen cac trudng hgc ban xii truyen thdng sang cac trudng Phap-Viet kilu mdi cung nhu ve nhung thay doi cac ky thi Nho giao cudi cimg d Bac Ky Vai net ve nha trying Nho giao a Bac Ky thoi nha Nguyen - Ldp khai tam (vd Idng) keo dai nam Tre em dugc cha me gui gam cho mot thay dd lang, thudng la nhung ngudi da nhat, nhi trudng tai cac ky thi Huong Ndi dung ciia ldp khai tam la hgc thugc lien tiep bdn sach giao khoa co ban cua Tau hay Viet: Tam tu kinh; cac sach So hgc van tam, viet dudi dang cau chir; Au hgc ngii ngon thi, vilt dudi dang cau chir; Minh tam bao giam - Trudng tilu tap: Chia lam nhieu ldp theo cac the loai: tho, phii, van sach Hgc sinh tap lam cac bai van ngan nhung khdng binh luan Cd dau bai rdi hoc sinh vl lam tir ba den mudi hai bai tap mdi Trudc ky thi Nho hgc cudi ciing dien vao nam 1915, hgc vkn va thi cir Nho giao chiem vj tri ddc tdn xa hdi Bac Ky Hgc sinh cd the hgc d trudng cdng hoac trudng tu Trudng cdng bao gdm cac trudng ' Xem Tr§n Van Giap Tim hiiu kho sdch Han Ndm Ngudn tu lieu vdn hoc, sic hoc Viet Nam (Co phan tich va phe phan mot s6 sach cm thiet) (Thu lich chi Viet Nam) Tap I Thir vien Quoc gia xuk ban, Ha Noi, 1970 50 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°11 (122).2O10 thang va thay chiia tai ldp Chiia xong thdng Sau day la mot sd sach dugc phd bien rdi thay cho trd nao gidi bien, cd gigng giai doan dau the ky XX tdt dgc cac bai hay nhat cho ca ldp nghe "Khai ddng thuyet udc" - quyen - Trudng trung tap: Hgc sinh phai hgc (Thugng, Ha), in van gd gdm 44 td Pham • , Vgng soan, Ngd The Vinh nhuan sac, in nam 1881 Tuy sach viet khdng hgp ldi giao khoa, Ldp hgc d trudng trung tap cac bac nhilu chir khd, khdng thich hgp vdi tre em tii tai hay cir nhan giang day Hgc sinh hgc mdi hgc, nhung cd uu diem: day sir Viet xong dugc ggi la klida sinh hay thi sinh Nam, thiet thuc cho tre d Viet Nam chuan bi di thi de nam virng each lam cac the loai - Trudng dai tap: True tiep dao tao cac SI tir du thi Huong hoac ve kinh img thi "Viet Sir tan udc toan bien" - quyen, in van gd gdm 116 td Hoang Dao Thanh soan Viet Sir tan udc la bd luge sir Viet Phan Idn cac trudng cdng deu la trudng Nam, lam cho hgc sinh tieu hgc, in nam dai tap, cac huan dao, giao thu hoac ddc 1906 Sach chep tir ddi Hiing Vuong den hgc giang day trieu Le Sach lam vao hdi dau the ky XIX, Dau the ky 19, ben canh cac trudng nha nude, nd rd cac trudng tu tai Ha Ndi, Nam Dinh tao nhiing trung tam hgc van ndi tieng ciia Bac Ky va ca nudc^ Theo Poisson, cac trung tam hgc van tu nhan hay "Id luyen thi", "Id dao tao quan lai" khdng he bi dao Idn sau Phap chiem Ha Ndi "he thdng tdn tai lau va cd the thich nghi dugc"^ ' •• • hdi phong trao Duy Tan ehdm nd, ldi viet nira mdi nira cii, cd phan tien bg^ - Nam qudc dia du giao khoa thu - quyen, 78 td Luong Triic Dam^ soan sach in vao khoang nam 1905-1906 Cudi eudn sach cd ghi "Cir nhan Luong True Dam soan" Sach Nam quoc dia du giao khoa thu la mot quyen sach dia ly Viet Nam •'• ' r, dau tien viet theo ldi mdi, bang chu Han Thdi ky nay, cac nha Nho da soan sach so luge nhung kha day dii, phan nhiing sach chii Han vdi nhieu ddi mdi hon anh dugc su thue vl thdi dd Tac gia da diing ve ndi dung, hinh thiic Ve ndi dung, cac tren lap trudng yeu nude, phd biln tu tudng sach cd ban nhieu den cac chuyen d Viet yeu nude Nam, ve lich sir, dia ly Viet Nam Ve hinh thirc, cac sach soan vdi cau ngan ggn, hoac dudi dang tho, de hieu ddi vdi ddc gia phd " Poisson, Emmanuel Quan vd Igi a mien Bac Viet Nam Do Dao Hiing, Nguyen Van Su djch Nha xuat ban Da Nang, 2006, tr 209 ' Emmanuel Poisson Sdd, tr 220 - Trung hgc Viet sir toat ylu - quyIn cdng 350 td Ngd Giap Dau soan, Pham Van Thu duyet dinh Sach la mot bd so Xem Tran Van Giap Sdd ' Tran Van Giap Sdd, tr 255 Luang True Dam (1879-1908) la ca cu Cir Can, nam 16 tu6i da di thi, 25 tu6i dau Cu nhan khoa Quy Mao (1903) ^ V m due (i (Bue 3Cg 51 luge sir Viet Nam, soan cho cac ldp trung bai vd van hoan toan cii, chua cd chii Qudc hgc, in nam 1911 Mat sau cd chua ro: "Sach ngii, chii Phap nhu nhirng khoa sau"'' da dugc Hdi ddng Hgc chinh Bac ky Cai each cac trudng ban xii" duyet y, cho phep khac in va phat hanh", cd chu rd "ban la ban da sira nhirng chd thg Paul Bert, Tdng trii sir dau tien ciia BSc khac lam va van in de tai Ha Ndi, sd nha 22 Ky va Trung ky da quan tam den viec phat trien giao due tir trudc bg may hanh Hang Be" chinh Lien bang Ddng Duong chinh thiic Trong giao due Nho giao d Bac Ky, dugc thiet lap Nam 1886, Dumoutier da trudng tu la phd bien hon ca, dd cd ca dugc cir lam nha td chiic va tra ve giao trudng hgc tai gia dinh (con hgc tir cha, chu, due Phap-An Nam^ Vdn la mot chuyen gia ngudi hg hang), hoac tu hgc Hgc gia ve van hda phuong Ddng, la mot nha Trung Nguyen Ddn Phuc, ngudi da tirng dd tu tai Qudc hgc, Dumoutier da rut kinh nghiem tir Han hgc, day hgc va giiip viec bien tap tap viec xda bd cac trudng day chii Nho d Nam chi Nam Phong da md ta viec hgc ciia ong Ky va chu truong tiep tuc tri nhiing thdi ky trudc nam 1900: trudng ban xii day chii Nho d Bac Ky, ddng , , ri^ ' - *^ "Khi tdi cdn nhd (dng sinh nam 1878), thdi tien hanh cai each cac trudng Nho giao giac gia ndi len quay nhieu, ddi sdng it de chuyen dan sang giao due Phap-An Nam, dugc yen dn sudt ddi, hgc van ciia tdi chi nham hoan thien mot nen giao due ma dng ta dugc thu giao gia dinh, thu giao dng coi la cd tam quan trgng dac biet: "Trudng than sinh tdi ma thdi Ngudi hieu la Uy Son, hgc la cdng cu cd hieu luc nhat, virng chac tu la Ta Khanh, huy la Nguyen Tat Td, vdn nhat va cd kha nang chinh phuc nhat" la mot hue cuu hgc dd cir nhan, di lam quan Nhung lam tri phii Dien Ban, cudi trieu Tu Diic, ngudi cao xin ve nghi d nha day hgc Tuy nhien, Paul Bert va bg may cua dng ta khdng lam dugc gi nhieu cho ITnh vuc giao due vi "tat ca cac hoat ddng d Bac Ky la "vi chiln tranh" Khdng cd mot tai khoan ^^ "Ndi ve su hgc cua tdi, tir nam 10 tuoi nao cho cac cdng trinh cdng cdng hay cho den nam 20, chuyen ve cai hgc cii Khi tdi giao due Luong bdng ciia cac cdng chirc la 20 tudi, thdi the ddi thay, lan sdng van minh Au My tran vao A Ddng, nhiing sach mdi viet de cd ddng cho cai phong trao Duy Tan cua Khang Hiru Vi, Luong Khai Sieu nhap cang vao day, luc ay tdi mdi bat dau dgc "Nam 29 tudi, tdi di thi trudng Nam dugc cai tu tai Khda ay la khoa Binh Ngg (1906), cu Nguyen Tu True thu khoa Vl ' 10 the ky bdn ludn ve vdn chuong (Tic the ky X den nua ddu thi ky XX) /Tap Hai/ Suu tam, tuyen chon va giai thieu: Phan Trgng Thuang, Nguyen Cir, Via Thanh, Tran Nho Thin Day la doan tac gia Le Thanh phong van Nguyen Don Phuc/ Nha xuat ban Giao due, 2007, tr 436-437 * Truac nam 1917 chii ylu diing thuat ngCf Phap-An Nam, sau co Bp Hoc chinh Tong quy, thuat ngu ph6 biSn la Phap-ban xir diing tren toan Dong Duong, a Viet Nam goi la giao due Phap-Viet ' Dumoutier, M.G., Les Debuts de I'enseignement Francois au Tonkin Hanoi: Imprimerie F.-H Schneider, 1887.tr 52 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°11 (122).2010 chi phi dan su nhat"'" Chi phi cho giao due giai doan la 15 xu cho mot ngudi dan mot nam", chii yeu danh cho hoat ddng ciia bd may Trong dd chi phi cho mot ky binh la 600 phrang mdi nam va cho mot dan quan la 230 phrang' Sau dap tat phong trao Can Vuong, thuc dan Phap da hoan viec chinh phuc Ddng Duong bang vii luc va chuyen sang chinh phuc tinh than Ciing vdi cac hoat ddng cung cd quyen lire, giao due dugc chinh quyen thuc dan coi la mot cdng cu dac lire vi tam quan trgng ve mat chinh phuc tinh than nhu da ndi d tren, mat khac nd cdn can thiet de dao tao ddi ngu nhan cdng cd trinh phuc vu cho cugc khai thac thugc dia lan thii nhat ma Toan quyen Paul Doumer khdi xudng Ban than Paul Doumer, sau tdi du le xudng danh ky thi Huong nam 1897 d Nam Dinh, chirng kien tinh than hieu hgc va Idng quyet tam cua cac sT tir Bac Ky, nam 1898 da quyet dinh dua chii Qudc ngii, chii Phap vao ky thi Huong vi: "O ky thi Huong Nam Dinh cd khoang 10 ngan ngudi tham du Neu cir ngudi cd mat tai cugc thi, cd it nhat ngudi khac theo hgc thi tdng sd ngudi hgc la 40 ngan Neu ta dua tieng Phap va Qudc ngir vao trudng thi thi nghiem nhien ta cd 40 ngan ngudi phai hgc tieng Phap va Quoc ngii, ma ngan sach lai khdng phai chiu ganh nang Hieu qua ddi vdi nen hanh chinh '".'1 ? , ; ; i! "iMi'_^ ' • • : I • ' ' ! i- • 'ti :i VOIP ! '" Philippe Villers Nguai Phdp va nguai An Nam Ban hay thii? Nha xuat ban T6ng hgp ph6 H6 Chi Minh, 2006, tr 493 "Dumoutier, M.G (1887) Sdd, tr ,„ '- Philippe Villers Sdd, tr 497 .isbianrla*^ va chinh tri se la vd gia"'^ Tuy nhien, quyet dinh da khdng dugc thuc hien ma phai 11 nam sau mdi dugc dua vao thuc tien Neu Paul Doumer la mot Toan quyen co "cdng" lap nen cho xir Ddng Duong mot to chirc hanh chinh, mot chuong trinh kinh te ed hieu qua nhung "la mot giai doan thdng tri dd van de dan ban xii khdng dugc dat ra"''' thi Paul Beau chu truong "lay long giai cap thugng luu Viet Nam bang viec chinh phuc tinh than va tuyen bd "da den liic phai thay the chinh sach thdng tri bang chinh sach lien hiep"'^ Mot nhiing chinh sach lien hiep ma Paul Beau thuc hien la thiet lap he thdng giao due mdi, co viec cai each lai nen giao due ban xii, cung ed va phat trien giao due Phap-Viet ma Paul Bert da khdi xudng ; , ,, Ngay 27 thang nam 1904, Chinh phu Bao hd mot loat cac quy dinh ve td chiic lai giao due cdng d Bac Ky, gom nam nghi dinh phan Idn Paul Beau ky'^ cac trudng hgc cdng dugc quy dinh Nghi dinh thii nhat gdm hai loai: trudng danh cho ngudi Au va trudng danh cho ngudi ban xii Trudng danh cho ngudi An Nam dugc ggi la trudng Phap-An Nam "Day dugc coi la cai each giao due Phap-Viet lan thir nhat vdi muc tieu chuyin Dumoutier G L'Enseignement Franco-Annamile (A I'Exposition Unverselle de 1900) Hanoi: Imprimerie Type-Lithographique F.-H Schneider, 1900.tr 27 A Metin LTndochine et I'opinion Paris, 1916, tr 1, dan theo Nguyin Thi Anh Vwt Nam dual thai Phdp dd ho Lira Thieng, Sai Gon, 1970 tr 165 '^ Dan theo Nguyin Thi Anh, Sdd ir 165 Nam nghi djnh dugc dang ti\ loumal Officiel, so 39, nam 1904, tr 582-593, hoac RS - 73395 ^ao dua (i (Bike yCif 53 giao due truyen thdng giao due kieu ban Quy che Giao due la dua cac trudng ban mdi, thiic day nen giao due ban dia theo cac xii vao he thdng giao due cdng gdm cd ba chuong trinh va phuong phap giao due cd bac: ten Phap-Viet, chii truang tap trung hoa va thdng nhat nen giao due vdi nhiing chuong trinh hgc gidng tirng xii"'^ - Bac Au hgc: Lang nao cd tir 60 tre em trd len tudi tir 6-12 dIu lap trudng Au hgc, ngan sach va viec thue thay lang Muc tieu ciia ngudi Phap la xay dung tu td chiic lay, cac giao thu, huan dao mot nin giao due cd su hda trgn giira cac yeu viing cd trach nhiem giam sat viec hgc d td Phap vdi cac yeu td Viet Nam, thdng qua trudng nay; Trudng Au hgc day chii Han va cac nha trudng Phap-Viet Trong bdi canh chii Qudc ngii; Tdt nghiep Au hgc, hgc sinh cac trudng Nho giao van ddng vai trd chu du thi Tuyen, dd ggi la "Tuyen sinh" dao, nhiem vu dau tien ma thuc dan Phap dat la phai cai each cac trudng va dan chuyen sang nha trudng kieu mdi Nam 1906, Paul Beau cho lap Hdi ddng Hoan thien Giao due Ban xu nham ban bac ve viec tien hanh cai each cac trudng ban xii va dua cac trudng ban xii vao he thdng giao due cdng lap dudi quyen ciia Nha hgc chinh - Bac Tieu hgc: Day d phii, huyen (trudng Giao thu, trudng Huan dao); Hgc sinh hgc chii Han va chii Qudc ngir, them mdn sd hgc va dia ly, lich sir dan gian; Tdt nghiep Tieu hgc, hgc sinh du thi Khao khda, dd ggi la "Khda sinh" Giao vien day Tieu hgc phai biet Qudc ngu ' Hdi dong nhdm hgp lan dau tien vao thang - Bac Trung hgc: Day d cac trudng tinh nam 1906 vdi su cd mat ciia Vua Thanh Thai (trudng Ddc hgc) Trudng day chii Han, chu' va Toan quyen Paul Beau Ngay 16 thang Qudc ngii va tieng Phap Chii Han Ddc nam 1906, Toan quyen Paul Beau Nghi hgc day, chir Qudc ngir va tieng Phap dinh quy dinh chirc nang cua Hdi ddng, trdng giao vien trudng Phap-Viet sd tai day Tdt dd cd viec ban cac bien phap tuyen dung va nghiep Trung hgc, hgc sinh thi "Hach", dd dao tao giao vien cho cac trudng ban xii mdi, ggi la "Thi sinh" K I tir nam 1909, chi nhiing nghien ciiu cac tac pham van hgc, trilt hgc, ngudi cd bang "Thi sinh" mdi dugc du thi lich sir bang tieng ban xii, hieu dinh lai dl Huong lay lam tai lieu nha trudng'^ Sau mot thang •./t'l rf ban bac thao luan, Hdi ddng da soan ban articles ecrits par Nguyen The Anh" Les Indes savants, 2008 tr 847-853 Theo ban Quy che Giao due nay, cac tinh Trung Ky va Bac Ky deu phai co L 'Intriiction publique des indigenes en Indo-Chine, truang so hgc Phap-Viet cac giao vien Phap diing Bao La Depeche Colonial, Paris, 15/5/1908 giang Cac phu, huyen cung phai xay dung nhijng '* Trung tam Luu trir QG 1- Phong RST-73407-03 truong hgc kilu Cac nam hgc sinh phai co bang " Ban Quy che Giao due nam 1906 dugc Nguyin Thi tuyin sinh mai dugc vao truong Phap-Viet Phai thi Anh djch tir nguyen ban Han van, dang tren tap san tilng nan mai lay dugc bang t6t nghiep Phap-Viet; Nghien ciru Viet Nam, 1973 va dugc in lai nguai nao khong co bang Phap-Viet thi khong dugc Tuyen tap cac bai bao ciia Nguyin Thi Anh b6 quan cung nhu nhan vien cac toa sa "Parcours d'un historier du Vietnam - Recueil des Quy che Giao duc'^ Ndi dung chu ylu ciia 54 NGHIEN CDU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°11 (122).2O10 Mot sd diem khac biet cua cac trudng ban xir cai each: - Cd them trudng Au hgc dat d lang (Trudc dd, nha nude chi dat trudng Giao thu (trudng phii), Huan dao (trudng huyen), Ddc hgc (trudng tinh) Ngoai ra, theo cai each mdi cd them ky thi "Tuyen" de lay Tuyen sinh Chi nhiing ngudi ed bang Tuyen sinh mdi dugc vao trudng Phap-Viet; - cac trudng Tieu hgc (trudng Huan dao, Giao thu) cd them mdn Qudc ngii; - cac trudng Trung hgc (trudng Ddc hgc) cd them mdn Qudc ngii va tieng Phap Khac biet quan trgng nhat ciia trudng ban xir cai each la ngoai hgc chii Han phai hgc them chii Qudc ngii, chii Phap (khdng bat budc), toan va mot sd mdn khoa hgc Do nhiing trudng dat he thdng trudng cdng nen phai hoat ddng theo mot chuong trinh Sd Hgc chinh Bac Ky quy dinh, theo mot thdi khda bieu ddng nhat cho tat ca cac trudng tren toan xir Ngay 30 thang nam 1907, Thdng sir Bac Ky quyet dinh lap d Ha Ndi va Nam Dinh cac khda hgc Su pham de cap bang Su pham cho cac Tdng su trudng Au hgc tai lang xa Nam 1909, ban Su pham dugc md d trudng Hau bd Den nam 1910, da ed ky thi tuyen giao vien, lay dugc 200 ngudi^° Cai each ky thi Hu-ong Theo Nghi dinh 16 thang 11 nam 1906, Sd Hgc chinh Bac Ky quy dinh cai -° Klobukovsky A L'Enseignement en Indochine Bulletin de la Mission Laique Francaise Septieme Annee No4 Juiilet 1910.tr 86 each cac ky thi ban xii gdm: Tuyen, Khao khda Hach va cac ky thi Huong Day la Nghi dinh quan trgng nhat dua nhiing quy dinh ve ddi mdi nen giao due va thi cir Nho giao o Bac Ky Chi tiet ve cac ky thi dugc quy dinh cac van ban ddi sau dd: Nghi dinh 19 thang 11 nam 1909 ve thi Tuyen sinh; Nghi dinh 18 thang nam 1910 ve thi Khao khda; Nghi dinh thang 11 nam 1911 ve thi Hach va thi Huong Ke tir nam 1909, nha nude hang nam td chiic cho hgc trd thi tdt nghiep nhiing trudng - Thi tdt nghiep Au hgc (Tuyen) Ky thi Tuyen lan dau tien la vao nam 1909 Thi Tuyen sinh ed bai: 1) Luan Qudc ngir; 2) Hai bai tinh; 3) Bai chii Nho dich Quoc ngii Hgc sinh chu yeu dua vao sach Au hgc Qudc ngii va Au hgc chii Nho dk di thi^' - Thi tdt nghiep Tieu hgc (Khao khoa) Trudc ed cai each giao due ban xii nam 1906, d Bac Ky hang nam ciing da td chiic cac ky Khao khda nhung thi theo ldi cii, tiic la chi thi chii Han Nam 1910, d Bac Ky co ky Khao khda cai each dau tien vdi each thiic thi cir dugc dat Nghi dinh 16 thang 11 nam 1906 (Cac dilu 28, 29, 30, 31) Ky thi Khao khda theo kilu cii bi xoa bd Thi sinh du thi Khao gom cac mdn: 1) Ba bai thi vilt bat budc: Luan chir Han; 2) Chinh ta chii Qudc ngii va tra ldi cac cau hoi lien quan din lich sir, dia ly, khoa hgc; 3) Dich chir Han sang chii qudc ngir va ngugc " N a m 1907, Hoi d6ng Hoan thien giao due ban xii da thong qua sach hgc diing truong Au hoc gom: Manuel en quoc-ngu de M i nn Van Thong (4 fascicules); Manuel en caracteres i-ir le Bureau des manuels(4 fascicules)-RST-73395 ^do^ due & (Bde DCij lai Ngoai cdn cd bai tieng Phap tu chgn Cac thi sinh khdng bat budc phai cd bang 55 Nghi dinh 16 thang 11 nam 1906 ghi rd: Tuyen sinh nhung neu ed bang se dugc cong them diem "Rieng ky thi nam 1909 dugc coi la ky thi "chuyen ddi" nen han tudi cho thi sinh la - Thi tdt nghiep Trung hgc (Hach) 50 va ndi dung thi gdm: mot bai van sach Trudc cai each nam 1906, nen giao due bang chii Han; mot bai thi tho chir Han; mot Nho giao cii ba nam mot lan nha nude td bai luan chir Qudc ngir va dich tir chir Qudc chirc thi Hach Theo Nghi dinh thang ngir sang tieng Phap; mot bai viet trinh bay 11 nam 1911, ky thi Hach cai each dau tien tdm luge ve mot van de bang chir Qudc dugc td chiic nam 1912 tai thii phii cac tinh, ngu danh cho nhiing ngudi dudi 40 tudi va khdng nhat thiet phai cd bang Khda sinh nhung neu cd bang se dugc cdng them diem Thi sinh du thi phai lam bai theo quy dinh cua Thdng sii Bac Ky: 1) Mot bai luan chii Han (van sach); 2) Mot bai luan chii Qudc ngir (ve van hgc hoac lich sir); 3) Mot bai luan chir Qudc ngir ve mot van de lien quan ,24 Ky thi Huong nam 1909 dugc tien hanh nhu sau: Ngay 6/11/1909: dang ky thi sinh; Ngay 13/11/1909: ky 1: van sach; Ngay 25/11/1909: ky 2: luan chir Han; Ngay 2/12: ky 3: chir Qudc ngii; Ngay 8/12: ky 4: bai tieng Phap tu chgn; Ngay 11/12: ky 5: bai phuc hach; Ngay 16/12: le xudng danh den dia ly, khoa hgc tu nhien; 4) Mot bai Ddi vdi ky thi Huong nam 1912 d Nam tieng Phap (khdng bat budc) dich tir Phap Dinh, ngudi du thi phai cd bang "Thi sinh", tieng Viet va ngugc lai hoac la cac Tii tai Am sinh Cac thi sinh du thi nam 1912 phai lam cac bai thi: Mot bai Ke tir nam 1909, cac ky thi Huong ciing cd nhieu thay ddi, cu the la ve mdn thi Ky thi gdm bdn bai: 1) Bai thi bang chii Han (van sach); 2) Bai thi bang chii Qudc ngir van sach bang chii Han; Mot bai thi Qudc ngii gdm ba van de (a- Mot bai luan chu de van hgc; b- Mot bai tra ldi cau hdi ve lich sir, dia ly, khoa hgc; c- Giai hai bai tinh) trinh bay ba van de (van hgc, dia ly, khoa hgc); 3) Bai thi tieng Phap cd hai van de (dich tir tieng Phap chir Han va tir chir So vdi ky thi nam 1909, ky thi nam 1912 da bd di mot ky chii Han (ky 2) Qudc ngir tieng Phap); 4) Mot bai luan Lich cua ky thi Huong nam 1912 nhu tdm tat gdm ba van de (bai luan chir Han, bai sau: 2/11: dang ky; 9/11: ky 1; 19/11: ky 2; luan chir Qudc ngir va mot bai dich tir chii 25/11: ky 3: bai vilt tieng Phap tu chgn; Han sang tieng Phap) 29/11: ky 4: bai phiic hach; 3/12: xudng danh "• Trung tam Luu trQ- Qu6c gia I, Phong MHN-5143 ' ' RST- 73395-01 Nghj djnh thang 11 nam 1911 vl thi Hach Thong sir Bac Ky (Simoni) ky ^^ RST-73395 56 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°11 (122).2O10 Ddi vdi ky thi Huong nam 1915, cac thi sinh lam cac bai thi tuong tu nhu ky thi nam 1912 nhung bai thi Qudc ngii ve chu de lich sir dugc thay bang mot bai dich tir chii' Han sang Qudc ngii Ngoai ra, ky thi Huong nam 1915, phan bai thi tieng Phap la bat bude^^ cai ao mdi vao, khdng du, khdng nho tilc."^^ Cd the ndi, Hdi ddng Hoan thien giao due ban xii nam 1906 ban hanh cai each cac trudng ban xii, dua them chii Qudc ngu, chir Phap va mot sd mdn khoa hgc vao trudng, ciing nhu vao cac ky thi Huong, Lich ky thi Huong nam 1915 nhu sau: nhieu nha Nho da hudng ling nhiet tinh 24/11: dang ky; 30/11: ky 1; 7/12: ky 2; Nam 1909, nam dau tien dua cac mdn thi 13/12: ky 3: bai thi tieng Phap bat budc; mdi vao thi Huong, mot sd nha Nho d Ha 18/12: ky 4: phuc hach; 21/12: xudng danh Ddng, Nam Dinh da giri thu cho Thdng sir Phan irng ciia Nho si doi vdi viec dira chu' Quoc ngu', chu- Phap va mot so mon khoa hoc vao ky thi Hiro'ng Cudi thi ky XIX, dau thi ky XX, d Bac Ky mac dii Nho hgc van phd bien nhung y nghia cua nd ddi vdi xa hdi da dan mat di "Ke tir dau the ky, d nude ta cung nhu d cac nude khac d A Ddng, cd cugc xung dot Idn Bac Ky: "Nhiing ngudi gia khdng hgc dugc chii Qudc ngu, nhiing ngudi ludi khdng hgc dugc sach tan thu, nhiing ngudi quan chi hoc ldi cii, khdng chiu hgc ldi mdi, ba gidng ngudi ay neu cd dd thi ciing vd dung ma thdi Xin nha nude nhat dinh bd phep thi cii ma thi phep thi mdi".^^ ciia hai nen van hda cii ma nen tang la Nho Ke tir nam 1909, sd lugng ngudi du thi giao va van hda mdi tir Au chau dua vao Ket Huong giam han so vdi trudc Nam 1906, so cue ciia sir xung dot ay, van hda cua minh thi sinh du thi Huong Nam Dinh la 6.121, Slip dd tan tac, rdi Ngudi minh tua nhu nam 1909 la 3.068, nam 1912 la 1.362, nam ngoi tren thuyen khdng lai, ve ddi tinh 1915 la 1.820^1 Sd lugng thi sinh giam la than khdng biet bau viu vao dau Mot ngudi da bi sang Igc tir ky thi Hach (Quy dinh chi An Nam thugc vao hang hgc thiic la mot nhiing ngudi Hach va cac Tu tai Am sinh mdn dd ciia Nho giao Tir Thu, Ngii Kinh mdi dugc vao thi Huong) Nam 1912 co thugc lau lau, nhung thugc chua chac da 8.364 ngudi du thi Hach, chi idy dd 1.008 hiiu Thanh mot nha Nho cd chi Nho (sd cdng them 354 Tu tai Am sinh, ting d cai ao khoac ben ngoai Den thay mot cai ao khoac ed cai hinh the khac, mdi me hon, cii viec cdi cai cii cua minh de khoac "' Trung tam Luu trQ- Qu6c gia 1, Phong So Hgc chinh sac Ky 644 10 the ky ban ludn vi vdn chuang (Tic thi ky X din nua ddu the ky XX), tap Hai Suu tdm, tuyIn chgn va giai thieu: Phan Trgng Thuang, Nguyin Cir, Vu Thanh, Tran Nho Thin Day la doan tac gia Le Thanh phong van Tran Trgng Kim Nha xuat ban Giao due 2007, tr 421 - Trung tam Luu trQ- Qu6c gia 1, Phong So Hoc chinh Bac Ky 642-1 ' ' Trung tam Luu tru Qu6c gia I, Phong So Hoc chinh Bac Ky 642, 642-3, 643, 644, 649 ^ida due fii (S«c DCy, 57 cdng 1.362 ngudi du tieu chuan du thi tuong duong Tieu hgc ciia giao due Phap - Huong) An Nam (gdm ba khda hoc la Sa dang, Chuyen cac trirong ban xir tru'6"ng Phap - An Nam Trung dang, Cao dang) Chi cd mot khac biet nhd giira hai he thdng la cac trudng ban xir phai hgc nam mdi qua bac Tieu hgc Ngay 16 thang nam 1916, Sd Hgc chinh Bac Ky da trinh mot bao cao dai 15 trang len Toan quyen Ddng Duong ve viec td chirc giao due ban xir d Bac Ky sau hiiy bd cac ky thi Nho giao Hdi ddng nhan dinh rang hai ky thi Huong 1909 va 1912, cac thi sinh da thi them mot sd mon can thiet nhu tieng Phap, Qudc ngii de chuan bi tinh than cho mot nen giao due kieu mdi Sau ky thi Huong cudi cimg nam 1915, nen giao due ban xii gdm hai cap hgc, dat dudi su quan ly ciia Sd Hgc chinh Bac Ky la bac Au hoc va Tieu hoc 30 thi cac trudng Phap- An Nam chi can nam Ngoai ra, Hdi ddng nhan manh rang, giao due Phap - An Nam phai bao gdm ca cac trudng hoc nghe de dao tao thg lanh nghe va nhan vien cho khu vuc kinh te cdng nghiep va thuang mai Hdi ddng thira nhan rang cac trudng Phap - An Nam chua thda man dugc toan bd dan chiing ve giao due thi cac trudng Tieu hgc d cac tdng cd the dap ling dugc nguyen vgng ciia ddng dao ngudi dan Ve thuc chat, cac trudng Tieu hgc d cac tdng la nham " dan dan chuyen trudng Phap - An Nam" Cac thi sinh cd bang "Khda sinh" (tdt Sau Bd Hgc chinh tdng quy ban nghiep Tieu hgc) cd the thi vao cac trudng hanh 21 thang 12 nam 1917 va dugc Trung hgc Phap - An Nam Hdi ddng ciing hien thirc hda tir nam 1918, tat ca cac trudng chii truong cac hgc trd cd bang Tuyen sinh Tdng he thdng ban xii deu chuyen cd the dugc du thi vao cac ldp So hgc ciia cac trudng So hgc nha nude he trudng Phap - An Nam, tire la khdng phai giao diic Phap-Viet (nam 1918 sd trudng qua bac hgc Du bi cua chuong trinh Tieu hgc chuyen ddi la 1.133) Phap - An Nam nu^a Mae dii khdng cd sir gidng hoan toan giiia trudng ban xir va Nhu vay, ke tir nam 1906, ciing vdi viec trudng Phap - An Nam, nhung Hdi ddng da lap Hdi ddng Hoan thien giao due ban tao nhirng cap hgc tuong duong giiia hai xir, he thdng cac trudng cdng ban xii da dugc nen giao due nay: Au hgc eiia giao due ban ddi mdi nham muc tieu cudi ciing la cung xir tuong duong Du bi ciia giao due Phap - cap ngudn nhan lire chuan bi cho su phat An Nam; Tieu hgc ciia giao due ban xir trien ciia cac trudng Phap-Viet Ngoai cac trudng tu Nho giao la cac trudng thay dd d RST-73407-03 Reunion du Comite local de Perfectionnemcnt de I 'Enseignement indigene du Tonkin (1906-1917) (Raport a M Le Gouverneur General sur la reorganisation de I'Enseignement indigene, date 16 Mars 1916) - Bao cao giri Toan quyen Dong Duang ve to chuc lai giao due ban ,xu ''' RST- 73407-03 lang xa, cac trudng cdng ban xir bao gdm trudng Au hgc, Tieu hgc va Trung hgc -'' RST-73407-03, to 56 " RST- 73407-03, ta 112 Phien hgp thang nam 1916 cua Hoi d6ng Hoan thien giao due ban xir 58 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N^l (1221.2010 Chuong trinh cua cac trudng deu cd them phan chii Qudc ngii, mot sd mdn khoa hgc nhu toan, sii, dia, dac biet edn cd them phan tieng Phap tu chgn Ngoai viec lap cac trudng ban xii cdng lap (nam dudi sir giam sat ciia Nha Hgc chinh), he thdng thi cir ban xii ciing cd nhieu thay ddi De tdt nghiep cac trudng ban xii, hgc sinh phai thi qua cac ky Tuyen, Khao khda, Hach (tuong ung vdi ba bac Au hgc, Tieu hgc, Trung hgc) Dac biet, ke tir ky thi Huong nam 1909, ngoai ky thi van sach va luan chii Han cdn ed them cac ky thi luan Qudc ngii, toan, khoa hgc, va tieng Phap (tu chgn) Trong ky thi Huong cudi ciing nam 1915, thi sinh bat huge phai thi tieng Phap Nam 1918, cac trudng ban xii chuyen trudng Phap-Viet, giao due ban xir khdng cdn thugc he thdng trudng cdng va khdng true thugc sir quan ly cua Sd Hgc chinh Bac Ky , Phu luc Ky thi Huong nam 1909, lan dau tien thi sinh thi chii Qudc ngii, chii Phap (tu chgn), cung cac mdn khoa hgc Dau bai thi chii Qudc ngir va cac mdn khoa hgc nhu sau: Ky thi chii Qudc ngii la ky 3, thang 12 nam 1909 (hai ky dau thi chii Han), gom ba bai thi: luan, trinh bay mot van de dia ly va khoa hgc, bai tinh , ay di nhan viec, thi dng cu day bao each cu xir, dudi la vdi dan su, tren la vdi quan tren, nhat la vdi quan Dai- Phap, va day phai giir phan sir lam quan ma lam the nao de cho hat minh dugc yen dn, va dan sir lai dugc thinh vugng them hon - Dau bai thii nhi: Bai dia du Ndi ve cac xii edi Ddng- duong Dai- phap may cac kinh thanh, phd va tinh Idn Ndi ve viec thdng thuong cua coi Ddng- duong may cac nude lan can - Dau bai thii ba: Bai each tri Khi gidi.- Khi gidi cd nhiing chat gi? Gid?- Bdi lam ma ed gid - Bai phep dd: Mot khu rudng cd 1487 metres bl dai va 306 metres be rgng Ngudi ta mua rudng ay gia la 175$ mot mau annam Mot mau annam la 73 ares Hdi khu rudng ky gia la bao nhieu? (metres la thuoc tay, ares la tay) Trong ky Phiic hach (ky 5) 11 thang 12 nam 1909, cac thi sinh phai lam bai viet qudc ngu nhu sau: "Luan ve cac dudng thdng thuong (xe hda, tau thuy, kenh, sdng, dudng, van van) - Dau bai thii nhat: Bai luan ve viec ly tai thi cac dudng thdng thuong ich Mot dng quan dai than ve huu tri, cd lgi la thi nao? Nhu la chd hang hda va thi mot ngudi ca mdi dugc bd lam tri phu san lam cho cac xii giao thdng dl ra, them sir mot hat cdng viec khd Trudc dng giau cd va su thung dung cho dar, su" " Nh&ng dau bai thi theo diing nguySn ban, ca vl tii ngu lan chinh ta Ho so So hgc chinh Bac Ky - 642 ... dd ciia Nho giao Tir Thu, Ngii Kinh mdi dugc vao thi Huong) Nam 1912 co thugc lau lau, nhung thugc chua chac da 8.364 ngudi du thi Hach, chi idy dd 1.008 hiiu Thanh mot nha Nho cd chi Nho (sd... cdn nhd (dng sinh nam 1878), thdi tien hanh cai each cac trudng Nho giao giac gia ndi len quay nhieu, ddi sdng it de chuyen dan sang giao due Phap-An Nam, dugc yen dn sudt ddi, hgc van ciia tdi... ve vdn chuong (Tic the ky X den nua ddu thi ky XX) /Tap Hai/ Suu tam, tuyen chon va giai thieu: Phan Trgng Thuang, Nguyen Cir, Via Thanh, Tran Nho Thin Day la doan tac gia Le Thanh phong van