TIM HIEU KIEN THUC NHUKG SAI LAM CAN TRANH KHI XAY DUNG ^ BAI TAP TIENG VIET CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC LE PHUONG NGA Trong viec td ehire day hpc tieng Viet theo quan diem tich eye hda hoat dpng eua hpc si[.]
TIM HIEU KIEN THUC NHUKG SAI LAM CAN TRANH KHI XAY DUNG ^ BAI TAP TIENG VIET CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC LE PHUONG NGA Truong DHSP Ha Noi Trong viec td ehire day hpc tieng Viet lieu day hpc, cae bien ban gid day, theo quan diem tich eye hda hoat dpng eua mpt sd de thi, de kiem tra Tieng Viet d Tieu hpc, hpc sinh, he thdng bai tap rat dupe xem trpng bai viet nay, ehung tdi tam chi hai loai Dang tide rang thyc te day hpc va Idi can tranh xay dyng bai tap Tieng Viet: kiem tra, danh gia mdn Tieng Viet d Tieu hpc hien nay, cdn khdng it trudng hpp giao vien va Bai tap khong dam bao tinh khoa hoc ca nhiJng ngudi quan ly da dua nhung bai Yeu cau ve tinh khoa hpe hay tinh dung tap, nhung de thi chua dam bao tinh khoa hpc, dan cua mpt bai tap Tieng Viet la sy van dung tinh su pham lam han che hieu qua day hpe nguyen tac khoa hpc ly luan day hpe vao Vay can luu y nhung gi de tranh nhung sai viec xay dyng bai tap Phan tich mpt each so pham xay dyng cae bai tap Tieng Viet cho bp, mpt bai tap Tieng Viet dupe chia hpc sinh tieu hpc? hai bp phan: lenh bai tap va ngU lieu Lenh bai Phuong phap day hpe Tieng Viet ludn tap la yeu cau ma bai tap dua bupc hpc sinh van dung cac nguyen tac cua ly luan day hpc phai thyc hien Ngu lieu la vat lieu ngdn ngU, (dam bao tinh khoa hpc, tinh giao due, tinh thyc nhUng ddn vj ngdn ngU nhu am, tieng, tU, cau, tien, tinh vUa sire ) theo dac trung rieng eua doan, bai dupe dua bai tap de hpe minh Cac nguyen tac ludn dupe van dung, sinh phan tich, tiep nhan (dpc, nghe) hoac sd cu the hda nhung can eU de xay dyng dung de ndi, viet mpt sd bai tap thyc hanh ehUdng trinh, soan sach giao khoa Tieng Viet giao tie'p, ngoai lenh cdn cd hien thyc dupe dua Chung cung ehi phdi viec soan thao tirng bai lam du kien de tao Idi (la nhung hien thyc tap Tieng Viet, trd nhung can eir de chung dupe hpc sinh phan anh vao eau, doan, ta xac lap cac tieu chuan cho mpt bai tap eu bai eija minh) Yeu cau ve tinh khoa hpc cua bai the tap ddi hdi tUng bp phan bai tap phai Odi chieu vdi nhung tieu chuan cua dam bao tinh dung dan Xet theo tUng bp phan bai tap Tieng Viet va dya vao eae Idi eua nhUng bai tap, cac bai tap vi pham tinh khoa hpc bai tap chung tdi thu thap dupe cae tai ed the chia hai loai: 28 TIM HIEU KIEN THLfC Moi mua xuan tham lirng hoa buoi / / Bai tap co phan lenh khong dam Rac trang vudn nha nhung canh hoa bao tinh dting dan Tinh dung dan cua phan lenh bj vi pham vuang Bai tap tren bi xem la md hd vi tren dau bai tap mac eae Idi sau: 1.1.1 Bai tap cd phan lenh sal, ma ho hieu hinh thurc khdng rd hai cau tho tren la may eau Ndi chung, khdng nen lay thd de hpc sinh hoac khdng day du dU kien VDI: Hay dat eau ed nam lam vi Tieu hpc phan tich eau tao ngU phap vi nhieu cu phap tho khdng nhu cu phap thdng thudng, ngO Bai tap bj xem la ed lenh sai, khdng ban than nd da mang tinh md hd ve mat hinh thyc hien dupe vi nam khdng the lam vj thurc, dac biet viec sd dung dau eau thd ngU ma ehi cd the lam bd ngU Luc phan thudng khdng bj rang bupc nghiem ngat nhu vj ngu se la:/a nam ngi; phap nha trudng - ".' VD5: Mua xuan den, tram hoa dua nd yD2: Cho cae ttr sau, hay xac dinh tif nao la tu ghep tong hgp, tu" nao la tCr ghep phanEm hay ddng vai mdt loai hoa de ke chuyen loai: hieu trudng, giao vien, gia dinh, cha me, minh Hpc sinh khdng du dU kien de giai bai De bai khdng dij dU kien de giup tap vi khdng nam nghTa eua mpt sd tieng hpc sinh xac djnh dupe npi dung va muc dich (hinh vj) mpt sd tU, vi du khdng nam nghTa cau chuyen ma loai hoa cac em chpn cd the ke 1.1.2 Ngdn tu" lenh bai tap vl pham eua dinh nen khdng xac dinh dupe tu gia dinh la tu ghep tdng hpp hay phan loai chuan, sal van pham VDI: Tim cae danh tLTcua cau sau: VD3: Hay xep cae tCr sau hai nhdm: mua bao, mua dam de, mua da, mua bul, Danh tU (tU loai) la binh dien can xem mua ao ao, mua phun, mua ti tach, mua lam xet cua tu chur khdng phai cua eau nen khdng tham, mua bdng may, mua ngau, mua xol xa ndi danh tU cua cau ma can ndi: Tim cac danh Bd qua viec ngu lieu dua khdng phai hoan toan la cac tir nhu lenh da gpi, bai tap mo hd vi hpc sinh khdng xac djnh dupe phai dya vao can eU nao de xep cac td hpp da cho hai nhdm \/D4: Chl eae phan eau eua hai eau sau: tif cd eau sau VD2: Hay tim xem doan van sau cdnhUngtCrlaynao? Lenh bai tap d day da sd dung sai da'u cau Day khdng phai la eau hdi nen khdng the dat dau cham hdi Day la eau menh lenh, nd can dupe ghi: vi ngu lieu dua sau va ghi 29 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C dau"." Khi ngu lieu dupe dua len trudc 1.1.3 Lenh bai tap khdng tuang hgp VD4: Tim bd phan chu ngU, vi ngit cua cau sau: vol ngU lieu Tren canh, mdt qua dao chin mgng VDI: Neu nghia cua tif xuan cac eau sau: •' - Mua xuan la Tet cay Bai tap bj xem la sai vi cau dupe phan tich la cau khdng xac djnh dupe ehu ngO - vj ngi; Lam cho dat nudc cang cang xuan VD5: Them bd phan vi ngU cho cau: - Xuan khang chien da ba xuan Mdt buoi sam mai Lenh yeu eau xac djnh nghTa cua tu Mdt buoi sam mai khdng the lam chij xuan nhung ngu lieu ed luc xuan la tU, ngu nen khdng the them vi ngu de eau cd lue xuan la tieng [mua xuan la mpt tU, luc Cac bai tap ed lenh khdng bao quat het xuan ehi la mpt tieng) vi vay can chUa lai: cac ngU lieu dupe dua cung dupe xep vao Neu nghia eua xuan cae cau sau nhdm Idi Vi du bai tap yeu cau xac djnh VD2: Tim tCr dan, tif ghep, tif lay kieu eau tao eija eae ti; cau nhung trong cac cau sau: ngu lieu lai ed ca cac hu tir, danh tUrieng,tU Ai yeu cae nhi dong ngau ket (tU ddn da am) la nhUng tilr khdng dupe Bang Bac Ho Chi Minh xem xet ve mat eau tao chuong trinh Tieng Tinh cac chau ngoan ngoan Viet Tieu hpc Mat cac chau xinh xinh Khi lenh bai tap va ngO lieu khdng tUdng Lenh bai tap yeu cau tim tU ghep hpp can chUa lai lenh hoac thay ddi ngii lieu nhung ngu lieu ehi cd mpt tU ghep nhi 1.2 Bai tap co ngOtiieu Ichong dam dong bao tfnh dung din VD3: Chuyen cac cau sau cau Cac bai tap hoac de bai bi xem la cd hoi, eau cam, cau khien: ngU lieu khdng dam bao tinh dung dan dupe NhUng bdng hoa dang lang le toa huong chia lam hai loai sau: Bai tap chuyen cau theo muc dich ndi 1.2.1 NgO lieu khdng phai la nhOng chl dupe xem la dupe giai dung chu ngu dan vi ngdn ngU dung (cung la ehu the) va vj ngu eua cau gde giu nguyen Chuyen cau tren cau hdi ta se Vi du bai tap yeu cau hpc sinh phan dupe mpt cau khdng ty nhien (vi ed tir mieu ta tich eau tao cua cau nhung ngu lieu dua lai lang le) va vi hoa la bat dpng vat nen cau gde la mpt eau khdng dung chuan Hpc sinh khdng khdng the chuyen cau menh lenh the phan tich cac phan cua cau sai van TIM HIEU KIEN THLfC pham Nguyen nhan cua nhi/ng Idi la Nhung phan loai Idi, chung tdi tach tinh su ngudi soan bai tap hoac ty dat cau hoac lay pham mpt yeu eau rieng nham ehu trpng nguyen eau ed van ban nhung khdng bien hdn den yeu cau va nham luu y hdn vao tap, sira chua lai theo yeu cau cua ng(/ phap cae kieu Idi bai tap sau: nha trudng 2.1 Bai tap khdng rd tinh muc dich Bai tap dua mpt ngif lieu khdng sai Trong day hpc Tieng Viet, cac bai tap van pham nhung khdng ty nhien, nhOng cau ndi dupe phan loai trudc het dya vao pham vi kien khdng ed thyc cung dupe xep vao loai Idi thirc va cae ky nang Tieng Viet can hinh VD: Xac dinh kieu eau cho eau sau: cho hpc sinh Nhung tren thyc te cd nhung giao Vi thai tiet tot nen cudc tham quan eua vien dua bai tap khdng rd de luyen tap hay Idp khdng hoan lai Hoac: Cau sau cd tif nao dung sal, hay chUa lai cho dung: kiem tra kien thire, ky nang Tieng Viet gi Trudc het, dupe ke vao nhung bai tap khdng rd mue dich la nhung bai tap yeu cau NhUng van ddng vien chay nhanh nhu xac djnh kieu cau tao tU hay tU loai eua tUng rua thi dat glal tu d eau nhung thyc chat hpc sinh lai bj 1.2.2 NgU lieu khdng phan anh dung thir thach nhieu d kha nang phan cat eau hien thue VDI: ChJ bd phan chu ngU, vi ngU cua eau sau: Tuy tau khoi hanh sdm 20 phut so vdi tir Dae biet, cd nhieu bai tap, de thi cd tinh chat danh dd hpc sinh Cac em mat rat nhieu cdng sire de lam bai nhung giai dupe bai tap cung chang dupe Ipi gi viec sir dung Tieng Viet gia ghi tren ve nhung tau van vao ga cham, Dd la cae trudng hpp gay tranh cai nhu canh khdng dung gid ddng, bo sdng, cai but eon chim la mpt hay VD2: Bd phim hay da ket thue, dem da tu Nhung de bai nhu the khdng sai nhung tinh ve ve khuya, mgi ngudi da ve het bai chieu muc dich khdng rd Bdi vi nhung td hpp dd la phim khdng cdn mdt bdng nguai Em v§n dung may tU thi nghTa eua chung van the, ehung van lai va suy nghi Hay ghi lai cam xuc cua em dupe sir dung nhu That chi nen xac lue dd dinh la mpt tU hay hai tir cho nhung trudng hpp Hai de bai da dua nhUng gia djnh khdng cd that ddng am nhu canh chim, anh em, mua dudng, tay ngudi, mai nha vi nghTa eua chung la Bai tap /(hong dam bao tinh si/pham mpt tu khac vdi la hai tU Cd the xem yeu cau ve tinh dung dan Mpt sd bai tap gid Hpc Van bj giao cua bai tap cung la mpt mat cija tinh su pham vien sir dung sai mue dich Vi du.ndi tU vdi hinh TIM HIEU KIEN THUG khdng cd lenh ghi Idi nhung can dupe cau ngu, tue ngu ed y nghTa phe phan nhur hieu: Hay dgc cac tir va noi vdi hinh cho thich Qua eau rut van, Trau cham uong nude due hgp thi giao vien lai dpc tardc cae tU va yeu eau tham ehi cd de luyen tap: Cd mdt ngudi mat mui hpc sinh ehi hinh tuong umg Nhu vay, lenh bai xau xi, gam ghlee nhung lai ed mot tam Idng tap da dupe hieu thanh: Hay quan sat xem moi eao ca Hay ta hinh dang va tinh tinh cua nguai hinh ve gi de noi dung vai tif (da nghe) Nhu dd Hoac de thi; Dem qua, em da ma mdt glae vay hpc sinh khdng dupe yeu cau dpc tu ma hai den mUc tinh day khdng dam di 2.2 Bai tap khdng dam bao tinh giao hge nUa Hay thuat lai giac ma hai dd Du ed can phat huy tri tudng tupng cua due Mdi bai tap Tieng Viet phai la mpt mau myc cua ngdn ngu van hda mau myc eua ngdn hpc sinh den may, ehung ta cung khdng nen bupc cac em phai md nhurng giac md nhu vay 2.3 Bai tap khdng dam bao tinh vua ngu nghe thuat, va neu cd the, nd phai tich hop nhung npi dung giao due dao due, tham ml giao due nhung ky nang sdng tdt dep ben canh ren luyen cac ky nang ngdn ngu s&e Xep vao nhdm loi la nhung bai tap khdng sai nhung qua khd ddi vdi hpc sinh Tieu NhQng bai tap bj xem la khdng dam bao hpc Thudng dd la nhung bai tap yeu eau hpc tinh giao due ngu lieu khdng mang tinh giao sinh phan tich tren nhung ngu lieu khdng dien due, khdng ed tinh tham ml Dd la nhung bai tap hinh, tieu bieu, khdng du dp tudng minh Dd la kieu nhu: Phan biet nghia cua cac tu phan nhung bai tap kieu nhu hinh khai niem l(hc/i, hi hijfng, rCfng md Hay: Dat cau vol tu eau lai yeu cau hpc sinh phan tich tren cau am /"(that la khdng hay hpc sinh giai bai dac biet, yeu eau hpc sinh: Tim vi ngU chinh tap dung nhung lai dua nhung cau viet ve cho nhung cau: Mat ho nhap nho nhOtig cay chuyen ngudi than cua minh cai nhau) sen, cay Sling Hay: Dien tiep bd phan ehu ngif Cd giao vien sau day van dc da dua vi ngu de tao cau: Tren dinh nui, mpt loat tU ngu tieu eye cho hpc sinh luyen Oe tranh nhung Idi nay, ngudi de can dpc nhu: moc theeh, ngoc nghech, ndn thoc giai tardc bai tap de xac dinh dupe tinh vua sure ndn thao, va dung nhung thu thuat de giam dp khd cua Cd giao vien yeu eau hpe sinh tim hien bai tap can thiet Ndi ve tinh vua sue can tupng ddng am eau ca dao cudi mpt ba ban ca ve thu thuat tang dp khd cung la tang tfnh cu da gia van edn ham chuyen chdng eon la thu vj cho nhung bai tap Tieng Viet danh rieng mpt npi dung khdng cdn tinh thdi sy va khdng cho hpc sinh kha gidi Nhung npi dung se phu hpp vdi lira tudi hpc sinh tieu hpc Cd nhung duoc trinh bay nhung bai viet khac ... eau lai yeu cau hpc sinh phan tich tren cau am /"(that la khdng hay hpc sinh giai bai dac biet, yeu eau hpc sinh: Tim vi ngU chinh tap dung nhung lai dua nhung cau viet ve cho nhung cau: Mat ho... chdng eon la thu vj cho nhung bai tap Tieng Viet danh rieng mpt npi dung khdng cdn tinh thdi sy va khdng cho hpc sinh kha gidi Nhung npi dung se phu hpp vdi lira tudi hpc sinh tieu hpc Cd nhung... bai tap khdng sai nhung qua khd ddi vdi hpc sinh Tieu NhQng bai tap bj xem la khdng dam bao hpc Thudng dd la nhung bai tap yeu eau hpc tinh giao due ngu lieu khdng mang tinh giao sinh phan tich