RtN Kl NANG DOG D I I N CAM CHD HOG SINH TIED HOC O TRINH C A M LY* Trong bd mdn Tiing Viet, phdn mdn Tap dgc do dgc tron, dgc dung, dgc nhanh md chua quan giir vai trd dgc biet quan trgng, hinh thdnh[.]
RtN Kl NANG DOG D I I N CAM CHD HOG SINH TIED HOC O T rong bd mdn Tiing Viet, phdn mdn Tap dgc giir vai trd dgc biet quan trgng, hinh thdnh vd phdt t r i l n kT ndng (KN) dgc cho HS d cap hgc ddu tien ndy Cudi cdp filu hgc, yeu cdu td'i thiiu md HS phdi dgt dugc Id dgc thdng, v i i t thgo, sii dyng dugc ngdn ngu ndi vd v i i t giao filp (ndi vd v i i t edu don, cdu ghep thdng thudng dung ngtr phdp; nghe vd dgc h i i u dugc vdn bdn cd ngi dung thich hgp vdi yeu cdu hgc tgp vd cuge sd'ng cuo cdc em) Mue yeu cdu viec ren KN dgc d tilu hgc Chuong trinh gido dye phd thdng ed'p fieu hgc (Ban hdnh kem theo Quyit djnh sd ld/200d/ QD-BGDDT ngdy 05/5/200d cua Bg trudng Bg GD-DT) xdc djnh KN dgc cdn dgt dugc vdi HS: Ldp 1: Yeu cdu ren KN dgc chO y l u chi dCrng Igi d viec dgc h-cn, fim h i i u nghTa cuo Kr, ndi dung cuo cdu vd dogn vdn, dgc thude mdt sd dogn hodc bdi vdn vdn ngdn; Ldp 2: Bdi dgc ddi hon vd bude ddu tdp cho cdc em each dgc Idi thogi, KN dgc thdm vd budc ddu duo vdo mgt so vdn bdn nhgt dyng; Ldp 3: Ldm quen vdi vdn bdn nghe thudt, hdnh chinh, bdo chf, khoa hgc thudng thiie; bdi dgc xud't hien ten ridng nudc ngodi, chu trgng d i n tir d l dgc sai dnh hudng cuo cdch phdt dm dja phuong HS bdt ddu dugc hudng ddn fim h i i u y ehinh eua dogn, ngi dung Clio bdi; nhgn xet v l hinh dnh, ehi Hit; dgt ddu d l cho dogn vdn; tgp ghi chep mdt vdi thdng tin dd dgc; Ldp 4: Them yeu cdu dgc dien cam (ODC) dogn vdn, bdi tho, mdn kjch ngdn Budc ddu fim h i i u y nghTa eiia bdi vdn, bdi tho vd mgt so chi tilt ed gid tri nghe thudt tdc phdm; nhgn xet v l nhdn vdt, hinh dnh vd cdch su dyng tu ngtr bdi vdn, bdi tho Diing Kr dien HS hodc cdc sdeh cdng cy d l tro ciiu, ghi chep thdng fin; i d p 5; KN dgc thdm dugc ndng len mdt budc, HS b i l t cdch dgc ludt de ndm thdng tin Yeu cdu h i i u ed them viec ndm bdt tu hidng, finh edm cuo tdc gid; hieu cdc ki hieu, sd lieu fren so do, b i l u do, N h u vdy, ed t h i thd'y rdng, d gioi dogn ddu cdp hgc (Idp 1, 2, 3), g i d Tdp dgc ehi chu y l u ren cho HS KN dgc dung vdn bdn theo cde cdp Tap ehi Giao due s6 (ki i 9/aoii) TRINH C A M LY* dgc tron, dgc dung, dgc nhanh md chua quan tdm d i n yeu cdu d i i n edm Song d i n giai doan sou (Idp , 5), DDC bdt ddu duge ehu h-gng vd t h i logi vdn bdn hudng ddn HS luyen dgc eung phong phu, da dgng hon Mac du mdi tdc phdm vdn hgc, mdi bdi tdp dgc h-ong SGK tilu hgc d i u hdm chiia ngi dung khde nhou, ede bien phdp nghe thudt cung da dgng, song d l DDC cung cdn phdi hjdn thu nhung quy tdc nhd't djnh mdi ddm bdo su thdnh cdng Ren KN DDC cho HS fieu hge DDC Id hinh thuc dgc thdnh filng, Ichdng nhiing yeu edu dgc dung md cdn cd yeu edu v l ngtr dieu dgc h-uyIn edm vd su k i t hgp giira ngtr dieu dgc vdi ede y l u td phi ngdn ngir (net mgt, cii clii, dieu bg, ) gdp phdn d i i n td ndi dung bdi dgc Vi vdy, mud'n DDC, ngudi dgc khdng nhung phdi ndm virng kT thudt dgc dung md cdn phdi edm thy dugc ngi dung vdn bdn dgc vd b i l t hudng tdi ngudi nghe d l gigng dgc h-d nen h-uyln edm, tgo edm xuc eho ngudi nghe KN dgc thdnh t i i n g dxjgc hinh thdnh tren eo sd dgc dung Mudn dgc dung, ngudi dgc phdi ndm virng cdc kT thudt dgc sou: a) Dgc ro tiing, rd Idi, dung chinh dm, dung ddu b) Ngdt gigng dung cho: dgc mdt vdn bdn v i i t , ngudi dgc se ngung, nghi gigng edn cir vdo ddu edu hodc duo vdo y nghTa cuo edu, cuo dogn vdn Cd mgt sd edu vdn, n l u ehi ngdt gigng theo dd'u hieu ciio dd'u cdu thi hieu qud cua gigng dgc se khdng trgn ven O nhirng h-udng hgp ndy, ngudi dgc cdn duo vdo y nghTa cuo cdu d l q u y l t dmh viec ngdt gigng cho phu hgp vdi ngi dung vdn bdn edn md td Cdn cii d l ngdt gigng d nhirng cdu vdn ndy Id duo vdo cdc cum Kr cd nghTa cdu e) NgO dieu dgc bao gdm nhirng dd'u hieu b i l n ddi v l ngir dm h-ong dgc, ey t h i : -Tilt tdu ciio gigng dgc (kT thudt ngdt gigng); - Nhip dieu dgc (ddn ddp hoy chdm rdi); Cudng * Klioa Giao due tieu lioc • Tnrdng Bai hoc Sai Gon ^m dgc (gigng dgc to hay nhd, nhd'n gigng hoy ludt hgp vdi ndi dung d l h-uyen tdi dugc com xuc ciia qua); Cao (gigng dgc trdm hoy bdng, len tdc gid den ngudi nghe Vdi nhtrng cdu vdn ddi, cao hay xud'ng thd'p); Sdc thdi gigng dgc (vui, cdn hudng ddn cdch ngdt hoi that chinh xdc de budn, lo Idng, hdm hinh, c h i giiu, buc bdi, t h i hien dyng y cua ngudi viit Vi dy: «Phy nu trgng, ) Hieu theo nghTa rdng, ngtr dieu dgc Id Viet Nam xua//hay mde md ba, md bay, su hda ddng cua chd ngCrng gigng, chd nhd'n tuc Id mac nhieu cdnh Idng vdo Tuy gigng, cudng do, eao do, tgo nen dm hudng nhien, vdi phong cdch tinhj, kin ddo, ngudi phy cua bdi dgc nu Viet//Hxudng mde chiie ddi tham mau d) Net mat, dieu bg dgc (ede yiu td phi ben ngodi, Idp Id ben mdi Id cdc Idp ao ngon ngu) cdnh nhieu mdu (vdng mdgd, vdng chanh, hong e) Tdc vd dm luang dgc cdnh sen, hong ddo, xanh ho thuy )" (Td dai KT thudt DDC trinh bdy d h-en, vdi HS tilu hgc Viet Nam - Tieng Viet 5, tdp 2) cdn ldm eho nhtrng kT thudt ndy h-d nen don gidn, Khdc vdi dgc vdn xudi, dgc tho cdn the gdn gui vdi cdc em d l cdc em cd nilm say me vd hien su phd'i hgp giira nhjp dieu, tilt tdu, ngdt hirng thu vdi gid Tdp dgc hoi hgp li giira cdc y tho, mgch tho Vi dy: Sdng Trudc hit, GV cdn hudng ddn cde em dgc La//ai sdng La/Trong veo//nhu dnh mat/Bd tre dung vd dgc rd Krng Kr, tCrng cdu, Krng dogn (thao xanh//im mdt/Muan mudf//ddi hdng mi (Be tdc dgc tron) O budc ndy, cdn sua triet d l Idi xudi song La - Tieng Viet 4, tdp 2) phdt dm cho HS TVep theo, hudng ddn tre fim Khd khdn dgc tho khdng chi vi cdc cdu tho hieu tCr khd vd phdn Chu gidi de hiiu rd nghTa cd ddi ngdn khdc md mgch tho, y tho eua bdi dgc Sau dd, Kiy theo the logi vdn bdn, ciia tdc gid cdn dugc the hien nhu t h i ndo Cdn xdc djnh gigng dgc, cdch nghi hoi, ngdt nhjp hudng ddn HS xdc dinh the logi dgc tho, phu hgp, GV edn giup cdc em hiiu dgc tho khdc bdi dgc tho lye bdt khdc vdi dgc tho Kr do, dgc vdn xudi, dgc vdn mieu td khdng gid'ng dgc Trong t h i hien cdch hiep vdn, cd t h i phat vdn k l chuyen, dgc Idi trdn thudt khdc dgc cdu hien ro mgch cam xiic ciia tdc gid d l dgc dung, hdi hoy edu edm thdn Vi dy, dgc dogn vdn: dgc diin edm Vf dy, vdi khd tho: «Anh dat em «Dem anh dung gdc d trgl Trdng ngdn vd vdo cdi Bde xua/Dudng xodi hoa trang nang gio nui bao la khiin long anh man mde nghT tdi du dua/Cd ho nude ldng sdi tdm ed/C6 budi trung thu vd nghT tdi cde em Trdng dem soi cam tham, mdt bdng dua" (Thdm col Bde xua sdng xudng nudc Viet Nam ddc lap yeu quy Tieng Viet 5, tdp 2), cd t h i dgc nhd'n vd ngdn cua cdc em Trdng sdng mua thu vang vde chiiu gigng d cum tCr «hoa trdng ndng du dua", hai khdp thdnh phd, Idng mge, nui rung, nai que cdu sou ngdt hoi nhanh d l t h i hien edm xuc huang thdn thiit cua cdc em Anh nhin trdng vd thieng lieng cuo tdc gid nghT tdi ngdy mai " (Trung thu dgc lap - Tieng O l bd trg cho viec DDC, cd t h i hudng ddn HS Viet , tdp 1) cdn chu y giir dugc ngtr dieu nhe xde dinh y chinh cua tdc phdm thdng qua viec trd nhdng, chdm rdi; cudi edu ed dd'u ( ) cdn ngdn Idi cdc cdu hdi: Bdi vdn (bdi tho) mud'n diin dqt ddi de t h i hien edm xuc eua anh ehiln sT dilu gi?; Em thfch chi tilt ndo nhdt bdi?; Bdi diing gdc dem trung thu ddu tien sou vdn (bdi tho) ggi cho em suy nghT, cam xuc gi? dd't nude gidnh dugc ddc ldp nhd ve ede em Mudn thuc hien duge dilu ndy, GV edn giup cdc thiiu nhi Din dogn eud'i, tdc dgc cdn nhanh em xdc dmh vd fim hiiu: Cdc Kr ngu, hinh dnh hon, gigng dgc vui hon, nhd'n gigng vdo nhirng dgc sdc; cdc bien phdp nghe thudt cua tdc gia tli ggch chdn de t h i hien udc mo cuo anh chiln nhdm t h i hien cdc Kr ngu, hinh dnh dd sT v l mgt ngdy moi tuoi sdng se d i n vdi cdc Vdi HS Idp , , ben cgnh cdc Kr ngir vd hinh em: «Trdng dem sdng qud! Trdng mai edn dnh dgc sdc, GV cdn hudng ddn cdc em fim hieu sdng han Anh mung eho cdc em vui tit trung cdc bien phdp nghe thudt dugc tdc gid sii dyng thu doc Idp ddu fien vd anh mong udc ngdy bdi, giup cde em hiiu mdt cdch trgn ven mai ddy, nhirng tit trung thu tuai dep han nira ndi dung cung nhu tu hrdng, finh edm tdc gid se din vdi cdc em" mudn giii gdm, d l hi dd dgc tot bdi dgc bdng Nhu vdy, Krng bdi dgc, GV phdi bilt edm xuc rieng cdch hudng ddn HS thay ddi gigng dgc cho phii (Xem flip trang 38) # Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 9/aoii) nudc Clio nhdn ddn to Tfnh tii cudc khdng chiln ddu fien ciio ddn tdc ta chd'ng qudn Tdn xdm lugc d i n cudc khdng chiln chd'ng MT, ciiu nudc thdng Igi, nhdn ddn ta dd nhieu Idn khdi nghTa, fien hdnh khdng chiln gidnh ddc ldp ddn tdc, thd'ng nhd't dd't nudc Trong qud trinh dd'u tranh giir nudc dy, y chf ddc ldp, tu vd tinh thdn quylt chiln, quyet thdng d l bdo ve Td qud'c Id mdt ndi dung md LS cd khd ndng gido dye cho cdc t h i he ngudi Viet Nam Hiiu rd bdi hgc cuo qud khir, chung to cdng hiiu sdu sdc ta tudng cuo Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh: «Thd hi sinh tdt cd, nhdt djnh Idxdng ehju mdt nude, nhdt djnh khdng chju ldm nd /e" vd bilt vdn dyng kinh nghiem cuo qud khu d l bdo ve Td qude hdm Mgt khdc, nhtrng tdm guong sdng ngdi cua cdc anh liet sT, dd hi sinh vi Td qud'c frong dung nudc vd giu nudc khdng chi khoi ddy frong frdi tim moi ngudi Viet Nam Idng khdm phuc, kinh frgng,' bilt on md'cdn frd thdnh nhirng td'm guong soi cho chung ta hgc tdp, suy nghTvl frdch nhiem cua minh dd'i vdi ddt nude Vi vdy, kiln thiic LS cdn cd tdc dyng dilu chinh hdnh vi ciia ngudi frong xd hgi Tri thiic LS cd voi frd vd cung quan frgng frong viec gido dye fruyin thdng, bdn sdc ddn tdc cho mgi ngudi, dgc biet Id t h i h§ tre - nhirng chu nhdn cuo dd't nudc hdm vd mai sou Tim hiiu chuc ndng, nhiem vy eua sii hgc, chung ta cdng hiiu sdu sdc vai frd to Idn cuo tri thiic LS ddi vdi sy phdt friln ddt nudc frong xu t h i todn edu hda Bilt khai thde, sii dyng fri thirc LS se tgo sire mgnh d l hdi nhdp md khdng bj hda tan D l su hgc phdt huy dugc uu t h i ciio minh, cdn dgt KH LS vd bd mdn LS d frudng phd thdng dung vdi vjfrfvdn ed cuo nd Mgt khdc, phditayenfruyen, gido dye, phd biln kiln thirc LS cho cdc t h i he ngudi Viet Nam, de «ddn ta phdi biet su ta, cho tudng gdc tich nudc nhd Viet Nam" • (1) Dang COng san Viet Nam VSn ki£n Dai hdi dai bieu toan qude Idn thiir IX NXB Chinh tri qude gia, H 2001 (2) Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bien) Phuong phap luin siir hoc NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2009 (3) V I Lenin Toan tap, tap 30 NXB Chinh tri qude gia, H 1968 (4) H6 Chi Minh Toan tap, tap II NXB Chinh tri qude gia, H 1996 (5) Dinh Xuan Lam Truong Hihi Quynh Tur diin nhan vat Lich su ViSt Nam NXB Gido due, H 2005 (6) Nguyen Tai Thu Lich sur tu tudng Viet Nam, tap NXB Khoa hpc xd hdi, H 1993 (7) Phan Ngoc Lien (chii bien) Phuung phap day hoc Lich sur, tap NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2009 (8) H6 Chi Minh Toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qude gia, H 1996 SUr^l^ARY History knowledge plays a great role toward national development For history study to utilize its advantage, it is necessary to place history science and History subject in general schools at their proper position and to propagandize and educate history knowledge among every Vietnamese person NguySn Trong Hoan Ren kl ndng tap doc cho hpc sinh Idp theo chuung trinh tilu hoc mdi NXB Gido due Viit Nam, U 2009 (Tiip theo trang 32) NguySn Trong Hoan Ren kl ndng tap doc cho hoc Tdm Igi, cd nhilu bien phdp kT thudt hudng sinh ldp theo chuung trinh tieu hoc mdi NXB Gido ddn HS ODC bdi tdp dgc, song mud'n dgt dugc due Viit Nam, H 2009 hieu qud, frudc hit mdi GV phdi ndm dugc cdc NguySn Trong Hoan "MOt s6' vin dt \t dpc hiiu bi§n phdp kT thudt, cd dinh hudng DDC cho HS d van ban ngtt van" Tap chi Gido due, s6 56, 4/2003 hing bdi hgc vd phdi luyen tdp trudc d l dgc mdu NguySn Thanh Hiing Doc hiiu tSic ph£ni \Sm cho HS Bdi, khdng gid'ng nhu nhtrng hudng ddn chuung nha trudng NXB Gido due, H 2008 mang tfnh li thuylt, gigng dgc eua GV tryc quan Trin Manh Hudng LuySn tap vl cam thu vin hpc sinh ddng nhd't, de Igi d'n tagng mgnh me, Idu d tilu hoc NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2011 Le Pliuong Nga Day Tap doc & tieu hpc NXB ddi frong qud trinh hgc dgc ciia cdc em • Gido due, U 2001 SUtVIIVIARY Tai li^u tham khao NguySn Thi Hanh Day hoc doc hiiu & tiiu hoc From requirement level of training reading skill NXB Dpi hpc qude gia Hd Ndi, 2002 for primary school students, the author proposes NguySn Trong Hokn Ren kl nang cam thu thu vSn several fundamental reading techniques for training students' expressive reading skill cho h9c sinh tieu hoc NXB Hd Ndi, 2002 Ren kl nang doc dien cam Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 9/aoiii ... subject in general schools at their proper position and to propagandize and educate history knowledge among every Vietnamese person NguySn Trong Hoan Ren kl ndng tap doc cho hpc sinh Idp theo chuung... primary school students, the author proposes NguySn Trong Hokn Ren kl nang cam thu thu vSn several fundamental reading techniques for training students'' expressive reading skill cho h9c sinh tieu... cuo nd Mgt khdc, phditayenfruyen, gido dye, phd biln kiln thirc LS cho cdc t h i he ngudi Viet Nam, de «ddn ta phdi biet su ta, cho tudng gdc tich nudc nhd Viet Nam" • (1) Dang COng san Viet Nam