TRIET HOC, SO 6 (241), T H A N G 6 2011 VAN DE CHttorG NHAN CHAT LUDNG GIAO DUC DAI HOC TAI MY TRAN DINH TUAN ''''̂ Bdi viet trinh bdy vdn di chdng nhdn chdt liiOng gido due dgi hgc tgi My Trong do, tdc[.]
TRIET HOC, SO (241), T H A N G 6-2011 VAN DE CHttorG NHAN CHAT LUDNG GIAO DUC DAI HOC TAI MY TRAN DINH TUAN '^ Bdi viet trinh bdy vdn di chdng nhdn chdt liiOng gido due dgi hgc tgi My Trong do, tdc gid tap trung vdo mgt sdvdn di cd bdn sau: 11 Thii tuc chdng nhgn chdt liidng gido due dgi hgc; 21 Quyin lai ciia cdc trUdng dgi hgc dUcfc chiing nhdn chdt liiOng; 31 Cdc tieu chudn dung cho viec chiing nhdn chdt lUOng gido due dgi hgc; 4/ Chiing nhgn chdt lUOng gido due dgi hgc ngdnh cong tdc xd hgi My; 51 Bdn phuc trinh cua triidng dgi hgc dUOng ddn vd bg tieu chudn chiing nhdn chdt luang gido due cong tdc xd hgi hien cua Hgi dong Gido due cong tdc xd hgi My Vnny rong g i n mdt the ky qua, niide My la ciidng qud'e giau m a n h nha't the c j gidi Cd nhieu yeu td' ddng gdp vao t h a n h cdng nay, song quan n h a t ed le la nen giao due dai hoe eiia My Bang xep h a n g cac triidng dai hoc the gidi h a n g n a m g i n day n h a t (nam 2011) cua tap chi Times Higher Education(l) cho thay, dai hoc My chiem tron n a m vi tri dau Trong 10 triidng dai hoc chat liidng nha't the gidi n a m 2010 cd triidng dai hoc ciia My va triidng dai hoc eua Anh: H a r v a r d University (My) California Institute of Technology (My) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (My) Stanford University (My) Princeton University (My) University of Cambridge (Anh) University of Oxford (Anh) University of California Berkley (My) Imperial College London (Anh) 40 10 Yale University (My)(2) Cd t h e ndi, 100 n a m viia qua, cae triidng dai hoc ciia My da cdng hien nhieu n h a t vao khdi kie'n thiic ciia loai ngiidi, gdp p h a n diia n e n v a n minh ciia n h a n loai den dinh cao chiia tiing thay lich sii Mot nhiing chi dau rd ret n h a t ciia t h a n h tich la giai thiidng Nobel T ^ giai thiidng Nobel (*) TrUdng Cong tac xa hpi, Dai hpc San Jose State, Hoa Ky (1) Tap chi Anh hang dau the gi6i ve giao due dai hpc Hang nam, tap chf an hanh bang danh sach 200 trUdng dai hpc hang dau cOia the gi6i, dUa tren cac tieu chuan sau; • Kha nang huy dpng tai chinh tiif cac nguon tai trd cong ciing nhU tU; 2,5% tong so' diem - Tfnh toan cau (ty so nhan vien quoc te/quoc noi, ty so'sinh vien quo'c te/quoc noi): 5% tong so diem Cong tac giang day moi trUdng hpc tap: 30% tong so' diem - Khao ciiu - so' lUdng, ldi tiJc va uy tin: 30% tong so diem So' lan^ dUdc trich din anh hu3ng ve khao ciiu: 32,5% tong so'diem (2) Cling bang xep nay, d chau A co Dai hoc Hong Kong (thii 21), Dai hpc Tokyo (thii 26), Dai hpc Quoc gia Singapore (thii 34), Dai hpc Bac Kinh (tha 37), Dai hpc Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Hong Kong (thii 41) va Dai hpc Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Trung Quoc (thil 49) VAN DE CHUNG N H A N CHAT LUONG GlAo DUC DAI HOC TAI MY diidc t h a n h lap vao n a m 1901, de'n 2010, da ed 813 ca n h a n diidc n h a n giai nay, nhieu nha't la My vdi 326 ngiidi; dd, rieng Dai hoc H a r v a r d chiem 44 giii, hdn niidc Nga (ke ca thdi Lien bang Xdviet) giai(3) He thd'ng dai hoc My d i n d i u the gidi ve chat liidng, song khdng p h i i he thd'ng dd khdng ed nhiing dinh che tdi te ma ngiidi My goi la "xiidng b i n g cap" (Degree Mills) Niidc My la xii til ban t h u a n tuy, mud'n bd vd'n lam an budn ban gi thi lam va vi tii thdi lap qude, cac cha de eua niidc My da sang sud't xep dai hoe vao hang nhiing dinh che thieng lieng nhat, hoan toan doe lap, khdng chiu sii quan che ve tli tiidng cua n h a niidc (cd nghia la mud'n day gi thi day), kinh doanh dai hoe eiing la mot nghe phd bien Nhiing triidng dai hoc he thd'ng "xudng bang cap" cung cap dii loai bang, tii eii n h a n den thac si, tien si, sinh vien khdng hoc hdi dii(3c bao nhieu, ed khdng phai den triidng, chi can ddng dii hoc phi la cd bang Chinh vi tinh trang vang thau lan Ion ke tren, van de chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoc (accreditation) tai My da diidc dat tii r a t sdm, den da diidc khoang 100 nam, qua nhieu cd che tii ddn gian den phiie tap dan Hien nay, khac vdi chau Au, la ndi chat liidng giao due dai hoe n h a niidc quy dinh, chat liidng giao due dai hoc d My diide thie't lap bdi ba cap biet lap: mdi triidng dai hoc, quy dinh chung ciia n h a niide, va quan nha't eac cd quan chiing nhan chat liidng giao due dai hoc tii nhan cap vung va cap hen bang cap vung, cac cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoe da dii(3c hinh t h a n h tii cudi the ky XIX, xuat p h i t tli n h u c i u bao ve uy tin eua nhiing tnidng dai hoc t h a t sii chd'ng lai sii canh t r a n h ciia he thd'ng "xiidng bang cap" Hien My ed sau cd quan chiing n h a n c h i t liidng giao due dai hoc cap viing: Uy ban Dgi hgc mien Trung, Hiep hgi Dgi hgc miin Trung (Middle States Commission on Higher Education): t h a n h lap n a m 1919, chiing n h a n chat liidng cho cac tnidng dai hoc thude bang Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Thii dd Washington DC, Puerto Rico va q u i n dao Virgin Islands Uy ban da chiing n h a n chat liidng cho khoang 525 triidng dai hoc viing Uy ban Gido due Dgi hgc, Hiep hdi Dgi hgc New England (New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Commission on Institutions of Higher Education-CIHE): phu trach cae bang viing New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island va Vermont Uy ban cd 24 iiy vien cae triidng dai hoc vung bau Uy ban da chiing nhan chat ludng cho khoing 240 tnidng dai hoc Uy ban Dgi hgc, Hiep hdi Dgi hgc miin Thing Bdc (North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, Higher Learning Commisson): phu trach 19 bang viing Trung Bac: Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, (3) Sau My, nU6c doat nhieu giai Nobel thiJ nhi la Anh, 116 giai; thii ba: Dilc, 102 giai; thii tU: Phap, 57 giai; thii nam; Nga (ke ca thdi Lien bang Xoviet); 41 giai 41 TRAN DINH TUAN Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wisconsin, West Virginia va Wyoming Uy ban da chiing n h a n chat liidng cho hdn 1000 tnidng dai hoe Uy ban Dgi hgc Tdy Bdc, Hiep hgi Dgi hgc Tdy Bdc (Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges, Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities): phu trach bang Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, U t a h va Washington Uy ban da chiing n h a n chat liidng cho 162 triidng dai hoc Uy ban Dgi hgc, Hiep hgi Dgi hgc miin Nam (Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Commission on Colleges): t h a n h lap n a m 1912, p h u t r i c h 11 bang mien Nam: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas va Virginia Uy ban da chiing n h a n chat liidng cho khoang 800 triidng dai hoc Hiep hdi Dgi hgc miin Tdy (Western Association of Schools and Colleges): t h a n h lap n a m 1962, p h u t r i c h bang California, Hawaii va cac lanh thd khac, bao gdm h a i cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoe: Uy ban chiing n h a n chat liidng giio due cho cac tnidng cao dang va dai hoc cdng ddng, da chiing n h a n chat liidng cho khoang 150 tnidng; Uy b a n chiing n h a n chat liidng giio due cho e i c dai hoc da chiing nhan chat lii(3ng cho khoang 160 triidng Cie cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoe cap vung deu la nhiing td chiic tii n h a n , hoat ddng biet lap diidi sii dieu h a n h eua mot ban 42 giam ddc gdm nhiing ngiidi diitJc cac t n i d n g dai hoc viing b a u r a sd' cac l a n h dao (thiidng la Chii tich) triidng dai hoc Mdi cd q u a n de mot bd tieu c h u a n rieng de duyet xet chat liidng, t n i d n g dai hoc nao mud'n d\i6c chiing n h a n chat liidng se n a p ddn, cd quan chiing n h a n se cii doan t h a n h tra den duyet xet, neu d a t yeu cau ciia bo tieu chuan, triidng dd se diidc cap chiing n h a n c h a t liidng mot thdi gian (trung binh tii den nam theo quy dinh cua mdi Uy b a n vung) O cap Lien b a n g ed Bo Giao due va Hdi ddng chiing n h a n giao due dai hoc (Council for Higher Education Accreditation) Bd Giao due khdng chiing n h a n chat liidng cho tiing triidng dai hoe ma chi thiia n h a n nhiing td chiic tii n h a n tnic tie'p cung cap dich vu chiing n h a n chat lii(3ng giao due dai hoc Dieu co nghia la chi chiing n h a n ciia nhiing cd quan diide Bd Giio due thiia n h a n mdi ed gia tri Day la dieu q u a n trong, vi he thd'ng "xiidng b i n g cap" eiing lap nhiing cd quan chiing n h a n chat lil(?ng giao due dai hoc cua rieng nd, goi la nhiing xudng chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoc (Accreditation Mills)(4) (4) Day la each thiic hoat dpng thong thUdng ciia chfnh phu My: guong may Nha nU6c han che toi da nhiing viec ho phai lam bang each giao viec cho tU nhan, Nha nU6c chi lam nhiem vu dat nhiing quy dinh va giii vai tro kiem tra de nhiing quy dinh dUdc tU nhan ton trpng Ngay ca viec thi thuc chii ky cl My ciing t u nhan phu trach, Nha nU6c chi ca'p gia'y phep h a n h nghe va kiem tra de viec thi thiic chii ky dUdc diln mot each trung thuc diing nhu quy dinh Thay vi den cd quan chinh quyen, ngUdi can thi thiic chii ky chi can den mot van phong dich vu, dong mot le phi nho la dupe ngUdi CO gia'y phep dong cho da'u co ten ong ta va so chiing chi hanh nghe VAN DE CHUNG N H A N C H A T L U O N G G I A O DUC DAI HOC TAI MY Hdi ddng chiing n h a n chat lii(3ng giao due dai hoe la mot hiep hdi tii, diitJc t h a n h lap vao n a m 1996, bao gdm 3.000 tnidng dai hoe t h a n h vien Diing dau Hdi ddng la mot ban giam doe gdm 20 ngiidi la nhiing ehu tich dai htDc va nhiing cdng dan cd uy tin cdng ddng Hdi ddng cd nhiem vu t h a m van cho Qud'e hdi, Bd Giao due, quan chiing va cdng ddng qud'e te ve chat liidng dai hoe My Song song va biet lap vdi thiia n h a n ciia Bd Giao due, Hdi ddng chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoe thiia n h a n 60 td chiic chiing n h a n chat liidng dai hoc tren toan niidc My, dd cd Hdi ddng Giao due cdng tac xa hoi (Council on Social Work Education) Dieu c i n chii y la, gidng nhii Bd Giao due, Hdi ddng chiing n h a n chat lUdng giao due dai hoc ehi cap chiing n h a n cho eac td chiic chiing n h a n chat liidng dai hoe, b i n t h a n Hdi ddng khdng chiing nhan chat liidng cho tiing triidng dai hoe Diidi day la tieu chuan chiing n h a n cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng giao due dai hoc cua Hdi ddng chiing n h a n chat liidng giio due dai hoc: Chat lii(3ng ve hoc thuat: cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng md ta rd ret chat lii(3ng hoc t h u a t va ddi hdi cae dai hoc xin chiing n h a n chat liidng cd quy trinh de xae dinh xem cd dat dii(3c chat liidng hoc t h u a t dd hay khdng Tinh t h a n trach nhiem: ed quan chiing n h a n chat liidng cd nhiing tieu chuan de eac dai hoc xin chiing n h a n chat lii(3ng diia vao dd cung cap thdng tin chinh xae, cd the kiem chiing dxiOc ve chat liidng hoe t h u a t va ket qua hoc tap eua sinh vien cho q u i n chiing va cie ngudn tai trd, dau tii Khuyen khich mdt each thich hdp de cae triidng dai hoc xin chiing n h a n chat lii(3ng xay diing tinh t h i n tii kiem va lap ke hoach de thay ddi va cai tien Cd t h u tuc cdng b i n g quyet dinh cho hay khdng cho chiing n h a n chat liidng, bao gdm cd che thang b i n g va kiem soat lan n h a u (check and balance) de khd bd phan nao ed the lam dung quyen liic Cd cd che tii kiem de khdng ngiing duyet xet lai cac tieu chuan ciing nhii t h u tuc chiing n h a n chat liidng Cd ngudn tai chinh dii va dn dinh T h i i t u c c h i i n g n h a n c h a t lifdng giao d u e dai hoc: Khdi d i u bang viee mot triidng dai hoe nop ddn vdi ed quan chiing nhan chat liidng dai hoe da d\i6c Bd Giao due hoac Hdi ddng chiing n h a n giao due dai hoe (viing hoac lien bang) chiing n h a n de xin diidc chiing n h a n chat liidng Sau dd, thii tue chiing n h a n c h i t Ivldng se diidc tien h a n h nhii sau: Giai doan tii chuan bi: sau nop ddn, triidng dai hoc se diide ghi ten vao danh sach iing vien xin chiing nhan chat liidng giao due dai hoe (Candidacy status) Cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng se giii cho triidng dai hoe diidng ddn bd tieu chuan de triidng tii chuan bi mot phiic trinh (self study) cho cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng duyet xet Giai doan kiem t r a tai chd: sau thdi gian tii chuan bi, t r u n g binh keo dai tii den nam, triidng dai hoe diidng ddn se hoan ta't ban phiie trinh va giii den cd quan chiing nhan Cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng giio due se nghien ciiu ban phiic trinh va giii doan kiem tra den triidng dai hoe, xem 43 TRAN DINH TUAN xet tai chd t a t ca cie tieu c h u a n xem cd diing nhii phiie trinh hay khdng Giai doan chiing n h a n : neu t n i d n g dai hoc diidng ddn thoa m a n cie tieu chuan, ten triidng dai hoe dd se diidc diia vao danh sach eac triidng dai hoc diicjc chiing n h a n chat liidng eua cd quan chiing n h a n mot thdi gian n h a t dinh mdi cd q u a n chiing n h a n an dinh, t r u n g binh tii den nam Giai doan theo ddi: ed quan chiing n h a n chat liidng theo ddi t n i d n g dai hdc sudt thdi gian d\i6c chiing n h a n de bao dam tri nhiing tieu chuan da dildc chiing n h a n Giai doan tai chiing nhan: vao cudi thdi ky chiing n h a n (trung binh tii den nam), cd quan chiing n h a n chat liidng tien h a n h d i n h g i i lai triidng dai hoe de xem triidng dd cd diidc tie'p tuc danh sach diide chiing n h a n hay khdng Q u y e n \di c u a c a c triidfng d a i h o c dvidc chijfng n h a n c h a t l i i d n g : Diide q u i n chiing n h i n n h a n va chon Ilia cho giao due cua ho Diidc Bd Giio due n h i n n h a n va tai trd Diidc cae quy tii n h a n nhin nhan, dau tli va tai tr