T U TUONG H O C H I M I N H VE V A I TRO V A T R A C H N H I E M C U A N H A G I A O T R O N G S U * N G H I E P G I A O D U C • • • O TS DINH THI MINH TUYET* H6 Chf Minh la nguai anh hung giai phong[.]
T U T U O N G H O C H I M I N H VE V A I T R O V A T R A C H N H I E M C U A N H A G I A O T R O N G SU* N G H I E P G I A O • • O H Chf Minh la nguai anh giai phong D U C • TS DINH THI MINH TUYET* nhdn each ngudi, cai tgo ngudi cu, xdy dung ngudi mdi Ngudi ndi «Thien, dc vdn chang phdi Id bdn tfnh cd huu, phdn ldn deu dan toe, danh nhdn van hod the giai, ddng GD md nen" Ngudi thay ro, GD rat cdn thiet thdi cung Id mot nhd giao dye (GD) ldn cua cho each mgng, GD gop phdn ddc lyc vdo cong Viet Nam Ngudi dd de lai mot di sdn tu tudng rat cudc bao ve vd xdy dung ddt nude, GD co tdc quy ve GD, dd Id ket tinh truyen thdng GD van dung tfch eye qua trinh phdt trien kinh te hien cua ddn tdc Viet Nam vd tinh hoa van hoa xd hdi, «khdng co GD, khong co cdn bg thi cung GD cua nhdn loai Trong kho tang quy bdu do, Chu tjch Ho Chf Minh het sue quan tdm den vai trd khong noi gi den kinh te, vdn hoa" Myc dfch cua nen GD tu tudng cua Hd vd trach nhiem cua nhd giao sy nghiep GD Chf Minh Id ddo tgo (DT) nhung ngudi Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh ve vai trd cua GD biet Idm chu nude nhd, phdi lay nhiem vy hgc Tu nhung nam 20 cua the ki 20, trudc canh tap Idm chu yeu Trong Thu gui cdc hgc sinh (HS) 95% so ddn Viet Nam khong biet chu, ngudi ddn chim kiep song no le, Idm than, Ho Chf nhdn khai trudng dau tien cua nude Viet Minh dd rdi Td quoc di tim dudng cuu ddn, Nam ddn chu cdng hda, thdng 9/1945, Ho Chf cuu nude Nhung nam thdng bdn ba qua cdc Minh chf ro «Non song Viet Nam co trd nen tuai chau lyc, Ngudi dd nhdn thuc ve tdm quan dep hay khong, ddn tgc Viet Nam co budc tdi cua trinh ddn tri, ve vai trd vd sue mgnh to ldn ddi vinh quang de sanh vai vdi cdc cudng quoc cua GD «mgt ddn tgc ddt Id mot ddn tdc yeu" nam chau dugc hay khong chfnh Id nhd mot phdn Sau Cach mgng Thdng 8/1945 thdnh ldn d cdng hgc tap cua cdc em" cong, phien hgp dau tien cua Chfnh phu Tu tudng GD cua Hd Chf Minh khong chi bo nude Viet Nam ddn chu cong hda, sau van de hep viec GD tri thuc, hgc vdn cho ngudi, chong ngn doi, Chu tjch Ho Chf Minh dd ddt md cd tfnh bao quat, thiet thuc, nham tgo nhung van de chong ngn ddt Id van de cd'p bach sd ngudi todn dien thdi dgi mdi, co tri hai sau nhiem vy cap bach cua Nhd nude luc bay gid Ngudi xem viec nang cao ddn tri thuc, If tudng, dgo due, sue khoe, kT nang lao Id «mgt cong viec cdn phdi thuc hien cap tdc" ddng, tham mT Ho Chf Minh nhdn mgnh «Mudn de Idm cho «mgi ngudi Viet Nam, cung deu xdy dung chu nghTa xd hdi, trudc het cdn cd co kien thuc de cd the tham gia vdo cong cuoc nhung ngudi xd hdi chu nghTa" Vi the, nen xdy dung nude nhd" GD mdi phdi DT nen nhung ngudi vua «Hdng" Trong bat ki hoan canh ndo, Hd Chu tjch van vua «Chuyen" Day Id mot tu tudng then chdt cua luon danh mot sy quan tdm sdu sac cho sy nghiep Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh ve ndi dung GD Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh luon nhdc nhd nhung GD, luon xac djnh vj tri quan trgng cua GD sy nghiep xdy dung ddt nude, GD Id nhdn td ngudi Idm cdng tdc GD phdi «nhdn thuc dung quyet dinh viec thuc hien myc tieu xdy dung lgi tdm quan trgng cua GD, coi GD Id sy nghiep cua ddt nude ta sau chien thdng se «ddng hoang quan chung, Id nhiem vy cua todn Ddng, todn han, to dep han" ddn" Tuy nhien, ngudi true tiep thuc hien nhiem Theo Hd Chf Minh, thdng lgi ciia mot sy nghiep, vy Id nhd giao sy thjnh, ton vong cua mot quoc gia suy Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh ve vai trd vd trach cho cung phy thuoc vdo ngudi, vdo sy nghiep nhiem cua nhd giao «trong ngudi", do, GD giu vai trd chu yeu GD cd vai trd het sue to ldn viec hinh thdnh * Khoa Quan li nha ntfdc ve xa hoi - Hoc vien Hanh ch Tap chi Giao due so 262 (k, a - 5/201n Chu tjch Ho Chf Minh luon danh gid cao vai trd cua cdc cd giao, thay gido su nghiep GD vd ddi vai xd hdi HS khong the hoc tap tdt, khong the trd thdnh ngudi chu tuong lai cua ddt nude, neu khong cd ngudi thay Ngudi dd tung nhieu ldn khang djnh «neu khong cd thay gido thi khong cd GD, phai xdy dung ddi ngu nhung ngudi thay gido tdt" Ngudi nhdn manh, neu khong co thay gido day cho em nhdn ddn thi Idm md xdy dung dugc chu nghTa xd hdi d nude ta Vi vdy, nghe thay gido Id nghe rat quan trong, rat ve vang, moi cd gido, thay gido phdi Id nhung chien sTtren mat tran dd Thdng 10/1964, ve tham Trudng DHSP Hd Ndi, bdi phdt bieu, Ngudi khang dinh: «C6 gi ve vang han Id nghe DT nhung the be sau tfch cue gop phdn xdy dung chu nghTa xd hdi vd chu nghTa cdng sdn Ngudi thay gido tdt, ngudi thay gido xung ddng Id ngudi thay ve vang nhat, du ten tudi khong ddng tren bao, khong dugc thudng hudn chuang Song nhung ngudi thay gido tdt Id nhung ngudi anh vd danh" Theo Hd Chu tich, van de then chdt quyet djnh chat lugng GD Id xdy dung dpi ngu nhung ngudi thay gido vd cdn bp quan If (QL) GD Bdi, cdc thay cd gido cd nhiem vy nang ne vd ve vang Id DT cdn bp cho nude nhd, Id nhung ngudi kien djnh dudng md Chu tjch Ho Chf Minh vd Ddng dd chon, dd Id doe lap ddn tdc vd chu nghTa xd hdi; cd trach nhiem truyen bd cho the he tre If tudng dao due chan chfnh, he thdng cdc gid trj, tinh hoa van hod cua ddn tdc vd nhdn loai; Bdi dudng (BD) cho hp nhung pham chat cao quy vd nana luc sang tao phu hgp vdi sy phdt trien vd tien bd xd hdi Ngudi ndi: «Thdi trudc, GD Id go dau tre de kiem cam Bay gid nhiem vy khac trudc, cdc cd, cdc chu cd nhiem vy BD cdng ddn, myc dfch GD bay gid Id phyc vy nhdn ddn, phyc vy td quoc, DT lap ngudi cdn bp mdi" Ngudi day, muon Idm trdn nhiem vy nang ne vd ve vang do, cdc cd gido, thay gido, trudc het, phdi tay sach dnh hudng GD no dich cdn sot lai vd cdn xdy dung tu tudng day hoc de phyc vy Td quoc, phyc vy nhdn ddn; phdi khong ngung hoc tap trau ddi chuyen mdn nghiep vy vd pham chat dao due each mang cua nhd gido, thuc sy vira «hdng" vua «chuyen"; phdi guang mau tu ldi noi den viec Idm, phdi Id tdm guang sang de HS noi theo; phdi that su yeu nghe, yeu trudng, thuang yeu chdm sdc HS; phdi thudng xuyen tu BD, nang cao tay nghe, trinh dp chuyen mdn, phuang pndp su pham Ho Chf Minh day, ngudi hudn luyen phdi hoc tap mdi thi mdi Idm tdt dugc cdng viec cua minh, nguai hudn luyen nao tu cho minh Id biet du cd rdi thi ngudi dd Id dot nhat Myc tieu cao nhat cua GD-DT Id ren luyen cdc the he HS, SV, nguon luc ngudi phdt trien todn dien Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh cung chi nhung ndi dung ca bdn vd each thuc GD de cdc thay co gido lien he vdi cdng viec cua minh Ve noi dung GD, Ho Chf Minh neu ro «Npi dung GD phdi that khoa hoc, that hgp If, phu hpp vdi nhung budc phdt trien cua ta, phdi bao gom cd vdn hod, chfnh tri, khoa hoc k7 thuat, chuyen mdn nghe nghiep, lao ddng" Ve phuong phap GD dgo due, theo Ngudi «Mdt tdm guang song cdn cd gid tri han 100 bdi dien van tuyen truyen", «Thdy tdt thi dnh hudng tdt, thay xdu thi dnh hudng xdu" Mot hanh vi xdu cua ngudi thay co the Tdm ton thuang, Idm mat niem tin cd mot lap ngudi Ngugc lai, mot tdm guang sang cua ngudi thay se co cd mot the he noi theo Ngudi viet:" Oc nhung ngudi tudi tre sach nhu mot tdm lya trang, nhudm xanh thi no se xanh, nhudm dd thi no se dd, vi vdy sy hoc tap d nhd trudng cd dnh hudng rat ldn cho tuang lai cua nien vd tuong lai cua nien Id tuong lai cua nude nhd" Ve phuang phap dgy hgc, theo Ngudi, doi ngu gido vien (GV) can co phuong phap td chuc day hoc cho bao dam dugc su phu hgp giua dieu kien, hoan canh GD vdi ddi tugng GD Ho Chf Minh dd chi thj cho Bp GD tuyen bd neu rd myc dfch, phuang phap vd td chuc nen GD mdi Id xda bd ldi hoc hinh thuc, phdi giup HS co ldi nhdn thuc khoa hoc, phdt trien dc phe binh, 6c phdn tfch vd tong hgp, tinh than sang tao vd 6c thuc te Ngudi chi rd: «Day ddn ddn tu ft den nhieu, tu d i den kho, tu thap den cao, khong tham nhiiu, khong nhoi so", «Day mot each thiet thuc, If luan gdn chat vdi thuc hanh" Ngudi keu goi cdn bp, nhd gido phdi biet ton y kien ngudi khac, khong nen cd thdnh kien ddi vdi cdc y kien trai ngupc vdi minh Chu tich Hd Chf Minh cdn dan cdc thay cd gido phdi tim each day Day cai gi, day the nao de trd hieu chong, nha lau, tien bp nhanh Khi ndi v i cdng tdc hudn luyen, Ngudi nhdn manh phdi nang cao vd hudng dan viec tu hoc Tu nhung ldi can dan cua Chu tjch Ho Chf Minh v i tri tue vd pham chdt dao due cua ngudi thay, cdng cuoc ddi mdi GD, nang cao chdt lugng nin GD nude nhd, khong the khong Tap chi Giao due so 262 (ki a - s/aom quan tam den van de «thdy phdi xung ddng Id thay, thay phdi dugc lira chon cdn than vi khong phdi cung Idm thay dugc" de thiet thuc gop phdn DT nhung hien tdi vdn Id nguyen kht cua moi quoc gia Van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh viec nana cao vai trd vd trach nhiem cua nhd giao Thau sudt tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve vai tro vd trach nhiem cua nhd gido su nghiep GD, Ddng ta da khang djnh vai trd vd trach nhiem cua nhd gido, ddng thdi cd nhieu chu truang nang cao chdt lugng ddi ngu GV Nghj quyet TW2 (khod VIII) xac djnh: GD-DT Id quoc sach hang dau, Id nhdn td quyet djnh tang trudng kinh te vd phdt trien xd hdi Phdt trien GD Id trdch nhiem cua todn Ddng, todn ddn vd cua todn xd hdi, dd, ddi ngu nhd gido Id lyc lugng nong cot, giu vai trd quyet djnh viec bdo dam chdt lugng GD vd dugc xd hdi ton vinh GV phdi cd du due, du tdi Quan diem cua Ddng ve vai trd vd trdch nhiem cua nhd gido dd dugc cy the hda Lugt GD: nhd gido giu vai trd quyet djnh viec bdo dam chdt lugng GD Nhd gido phdi khong ngung hgc tap, ren luyen neu guang tdt cho ngudi hgc Nhd nude td chuc DT, BD nhd gido; cd chinh sach su dung, ddi ngd, bdo dam cdc dieu kien cdn thiet ve vdt chdt vd tinh than de nhd gido thuc hien vai trd vd trdch nhiem cua minh; giu gin vd phdt huy truyen thdng quy nhd gido, ton vinh nghe day hoc Ket I udn cua Hdi nghj ldn thu BCHTW Ddng khod IX yeu cdu ve viec xdy dung ke hogch DT lgi ddi ngu GV, dam bdo du sd lugng, ca cdu cdn ddi, dgt chuan, dap ung yeu cdu cua thdi ki ddi mdi, dong thdi hoan thien che dd chinh sach ddi vdi nhd gido Ban Bf thu TW Ddng dd Chi thi 40-CT/TW 15/6/2004 ve viec xdy dung vd nang cao chdt lugng ddi ngu nhd gido vd cdn bd QL GD dap ung yeu cdu cua thai ki ddi mdi Thu tudng Chinh phu dd Quyet djnh so 09/2005/QD-TTg 11/01/2005 ve viec phe duyet De an «Xay dung, nang cao chdt luong ddi ngu nhd gido vd cdn bd QL GD giai dogn 2005-2010" Xuat phdt tu nhung yeu cdu tren, xdy dung vd nang cao vai trd, trdch nhiem cua ddi ngu nhd gido Id van de trgng tdm cua nganh GD Trong thdi gian qua, todn nganh GD-DT dd vd dang tich cue trien khai nhieu chinh sach vd chuang trinh nang cao chdt lugng ddi ngu GV nhu: cung cd, nang cap he thdng cdc trudng su phgm, xdy dung cdc trudng DHSP trgng diem; ddi mdi cdng Tap chi Giao due so 262 (k a • 5/201i> tdc tuyen sinh vd thu hut HS gidi vdo ngdnh su phgm; ddi mdi ndi dung, chuang trinh, phuang phap GD, DT, BD cdc trudng su phgm theo hudng hien dgi vd phu hgp vdi thuc tiSn Viet Nam; DT, BD giang vien cdc trudng DH, CD vd GV cdc trudng THCN, dgy nghe; BD nghiep vy su phgm cho cdc nhd gido; xdy dung chuan GV cdc cap, bde hgc; BD thudng xuyen vd BD chuan hda cho cdc nhd gido; kiem djnh vd QL chdt lugng nhd gido; tang cudng hgp tdc quoc te DT, BD nang cao nang lyc nhd gido; thuc hien chinh sach uu ddi vd che dd phy cap nghe ddi vdi nhd gido; thuc hien chfnh sach ton vinh cdc nhd gido co cdng ldn sy nghiep GD-DT; chan chinh viec phong chuc danh, hgc vi, cap vdn bang, chung chi; Hien nay, ngdnh GD dang thuc hien cudc van ddng «M6i thay cd gido Id mot tdm guang dgo due, ty hgc vd sang tgo" , nham khang djnh vj trf quyet dinh cua ngudi thay, cd gido Id dau tdu cua sy nghiep ddi mdi GD hdm Cd the ndi, nhung nam qua, quan triet tu tudng cua Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh, Ddng ta het sue quan tdm den GD ndi chung vd ddi ngu nhd gido Ddi ngu nhd gido dd co nhung budc phdt trien mgnh me, dong gop tfch cue vdo sy chan GD nude nhd, ddi mdi mgnh me vd nang cao chdt lugng GD todn dien, gop phdn giu vung myc tieu djnh hudng xd hdi chu nghTa sy phdt trien cua ngdnh GD vd ddt nude Tuy nhien, so vdi yeu cdu chung cua sy nghiep each mgng vd sy nghiep ddi mdi cua ddt nude, ddi ngu nhd gido chua dap ung dugc nhiem vy GD thdi ki mdi Cdn thieu quy hogch tong the DT ddi ngu nhd gido cho cdc bde hgc tu mam non den DH Cdc trudng CD, DH, tf le giang vien co trinh dd thgc sT vd tien sT cdn qua thap Cdng tdc BD, nang cao trinh dd chuyen mdn nghiep vy cho ddi ngu nhd gjdo cdn thieu hieu qua, ddn den tinh trgng mot bd phdn nhd gido chua dap ung dugc yeu cdu nang cao chdt lugng Thuc hien che chfnh sach ddi vdi nhd gido chua thoa ddng, chua tgo dugc ddng lyc cho nhd gido yen tdm vdi nghe vd phdn ddu vuan len Mot sd nhd gido cdn cd bieu hien vi phgm dgo due ldi song, Idm dnh hudng xdu tdi uy tin cua ngudi thay xd hdi GD-DT Id quoc sach hang ddu, Id sy nghiep cua nhd nude vd cua todn ddn, Id cdng cy DT hien tdi dap ung yeu cdu phdt trien cua ddt nude vd niem mong mdi cua nhdn ddn Trong sy nghiep GD-DT, vai trd vd trdch nhiem cua nhd gido cd y (Xem tiep trang 14) Nghi quyet Dqi hoi VI (1986) cua Dpng: «Thuc tien each mgng chirng minh rdng: O dau nhan dan lao dong co y thuc lam chuva.dugc lam chu that su thi a day xuat hien phong trao each mgng" (8) Vay ma khong ft thay giao, co giao, can bd quan If GD da danh mat quyen Idm chu nhd truang cua minh Nhung hien tugng ndi com dau Idng d mot sd trudng hoc thdi gian vua qua dd cho thay ba phuang dien chu the: hgc sinh, thay giao vd nha quan li GD cd nai, cd luc dd danh mat quyen Idm chu cua minh Khi dd mdt quyen Idm chu, ngudi ta ddng thai bi mat cd su tu chu, quyen tu do, nen kho sang sudt de cd dugc quyet djnh dung ddn, vi quyen Idm chu Id tien de, Id gid trj cua mgi gid trj De tiep tyc quan triet vd thuc hanh tu tudng DC Ho Chf Minh, chiing ta can quan tdm thuc hien: 1) Day mgnh cuoc van dong nghien cuu, quan triet va van dung tu tuang Ho Chi Minh, ddc biet Id tu tudng DC cua Ngudi vdo ddi song cua Ngdnh GD Ket hgp viec GD tu tudng Hd Chf Minh vdi GD y thuc chap hanh phap ludt nhdn ddn DC phdi dugc thuc sy md rdng vd phap ludt phdi dugc thuc hien nghiem minh; 2) Ra soat lgi cac van ban xac lap quyen lam chu cua nha quan li, nha giao va cua nguai hgc Danh gid nghiem tuc viec thuc h ien quyen Idm chu cua ngdnh GD theo cdc van bdn dd Tu dd, tfch cue thao gd, chan chinh nhung rdo cdn Idm Tir tirdng Ho Chi Minh (Tiep theo trang 11 j nghia quyet djnh den chdt lugng cua cdng tdc GD De thuc hien tu tudng Ho Chf Minh ve vai trd vd trdch nhiem cua nhd gido su nghiep GD, ddc biet bdi canh todn cdu hod vd hdi nhdp hien nay, cdn tang cudng su lanh dao cua Ddng 6£ tiep tyc xay dung vd nang cao chdt lugng dpi ngu nhd gido, day manh cdng tdc tuyen truyen, nang cao nhdn thuc vd su tham gia cua todn xd hdi ve vai trd, trdch nhiem cua nhd gido vd nhiem vy xdy dung ddi ngu nhd gido cd chdt lugng cao, chuan hod ve trinh dd DT, gidi ve chuyen mdn, nghiep vy vd luon nang ddng sang tgo, tu tudng vd lap trudng chfnh trj vung vang, pham chdt dgo due tdt, cd luong tdm nghe nghiep, tan vdi nghe nghiep, Idm try cot thuc nien cdc myc tieu nang cao ddn tri, DT nhdn luc, BD nhdn tdi Ddi vdi nhd gido, cdn xdc djnh rd sdn pham cua nghe dgy hgc Id nhdn each, dgo due, tri thuc ciia mdt ngudi, tu dd ty no luc khong ngung, mat DC, ddng thdi xdy dung nhung thiet che nhdm phdt huy quyen Idm chu cua todn ngdnh vd todn ddn tham gia xdy dung GD »** Dudi dnh sang cua cdc vdn kien dgi hdi Ddng thdi ki ddi mdi, dd cd Nghi quyet Dgi hoi X, Dgi hdi XI ciia Ddng, hi vgng viec van dung thuc hanh tu tudng DC Ho Chf Minh dai song cung nhu GD se thuc su Id chiec «chia khod vgn nang" giup dam bdo myc tieu vd chdt lugng GD-DT thdi ki ddi mdi hien • (1) Hoang Chf Bao Tim hieu phuong phap Ho Chi Minh NXB Lilu&n chinh tri, H 2005 (2) Ban Tu tudng - Van hoa Trung uomg Chuyen de nghien cuu Nghi quyet Dai Hoi X cua Dang NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 2006 (3) Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap VII NXB Chi'nh tri quoc gia, H 1996 (4) Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap VIII NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 1996 (5), (7) Ho Chi Minh toan t$p, tap X NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 1996 (6) Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap V NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 1995 (8) Dang C6ng san Viet Nam Van kien Dai hoi Dang thai ki doi mai NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 2005 phdn ddu ren luyen, trau doi nang lyc chuyen mdn, biet tu danh gid nang lyc, each song, each Idm viec chfnh minh de tu hoan thien minh Cd nhu vdy, nha gido mdi thuc hien tdt cuang vj, chuc trdch dugc giao, dap ung dugc nhung nhiem vy mdi dang dgt su nghiep GD-DT nude nhd • Tai lieu tham khao Dang c&ng san Viet Nam Nghi quyet Hoi nghi lan thu hai, BCHTW Dang khoa VIII NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 1997 Dang Cong san Viet Nam Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu Vffl NXB Chi'nh tri quSc gia, H 19% Dang CQng san Viet Nam Van kien Dai hfti dai bieu toan quoc lan thuX NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 2006 Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qud'c gia, H 1995 Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qud'c gia, H 1995 Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap 10 NXB Chinh tri quSc gia, H 1995 http://www.giaoduc.edu.vn Tap chi Giao due so 262 (ki a • s/aom ... tu tudng Hd Chi Minh viec nana cao vai trd vd trach nhiem cua nhd giao Thau sudt tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve vai tro vd trach nhiem cua nhd gido su nghiep GD, Ddng ta da khang djnh vai trd vd trach... chuyen mdn, phuang pndp su pham Ho Chf Minh day, ngudi hudn luyen phdi hoc tap mdi thi mdi Idm tdt dugc cdng viec cua minh, nguai hudn luyen nao tu cho minh Id biet du cd rdi thi ngudi dd Id... trien todn dien Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh cung chi nhung ndi dung ca bdn vd each thuc GD de cdc thay co gido lien he vdi cdng viec cua minh Ve noi dung GD, Ho Chf Minh neu ro «Npi dung GD phdi that