DAG TRUNG lAO DONG SII PHAM GUA GIANG V i B p i N P H G i n i G PHAP GIANG DAY TRONG GAG TRtfOiNGi/KHOA DAI HOG SIT PHAM O ThS THAI HUY BAO* Trong cdc t rudng/khoa dpi hpc su phqm (DHSP), dpi ngu gidn[.]
DAG TRUNG lAO DONG SII PHAM GUA GIANG V i B p i N P H G i n i G PHAP GIANG DAY TRONG GAG TRtfOiNGi/KHOA DAI HOG SIT PHAM O T ThS THAI HUY B A O * rong cdc t r u d n g / k h o a dpi hpc su phqm Nhijng GV cd nghe thudt ung x u hdp ddn (DHSP), dpi ngu gidng vien (GV) bo mdn khdng boo gia ehi hudng vdo minh md huang Phucmg phdp gidng day (PPGD) g\u mot vdo tdt cd SV vd tung SV, boo g i d eung nghi vai trd ddc biet quan trpng Chinh hp Id nhung mdt cdi gi d6 tinh te hon de Idm cho mot npi ngudi trye tiep ddo tpo (DT) nghiep vy su phpm dung, mot ehu de trd nen thu dd'i vdi ngudi (NVSP) eho sinh vien (SV) - yeu td quyet djnh hpe Mot nhijng nghe thudt SP Idm cho bdi Idm nen toy nghe cua ngudi gido vien So vdi gidng sdng ddng Id viec su dyng cdu hdi vd ede GV khdc, lao ddng su phpm (LDSP) eOo GV khuyen khich SV trd Idi md khdng cdn phdi ndi gi, vi dd cd dnh mat ndi, ny cudi noi, sy im Ipng bp mdn PPGD cd nhung ddc trung sou day: chd dpi se ndi nhOng dieu cdn ndi Hon bd't cu Thd'm d d m tinh nghe thuqt LDSP Id lopi lao ddng ed sy ket hpp ehdt che GV ndo khdc, GV bo mdn PPGD khdng chi Idm cho lao ddng eua minh «thdm ddm" tinh nghe giija tinh khoa hqc vd tinh nghe thudt thuqt md cdn cd su mpng thdi vdo lao ddng eua Tinh khoa hgc LDSP the hien d ndi dung, SV (du chi mdi Id loo dong tqp viec) sy sdng tpo, phuong phdp td chuc hopt dong eho hpc sinh su tinh te eung vai sy kheo leo qud trinh len (HS) Noi each khdc, nhCrng tri thue md gido vien lop cung nhu xu li cdc tinh hudng «gid djnh" cung cd'p eho HS; nhQng phdm ehdt nhdn cdeh, vdi tdt ed sy nhpy edm, tinh te eua minh ehudn myc hdnh vi md gido vien hinh thdnh o HS phdi xud't phdt tu nhCrng ca sa khoa hpc dd dupe Ket nd'i g i u a khoa hoc c o b d n (KHCB) khdng djnh Ddng thai, viee ehuyen tdi cdc ndi v o i khoa hpc g i d o dye (KHGD), g i u a viec d a y dung gido dye ndy den HS phdi bdng nhung hpc d truang SP v d i viec d a y hpc d trudng phd thdng (FT) phuong phdp khoa hpc Npi dung DT gido vien eua ede truang SP Con tinh nghe //lupf LDSP cua gido vien the hien a sy nhpy edm SP, d sy kheo leo ddi x u thudng cd hai mdng Idn: KHCB vd KHGD Hai SP N d i tdm Ipi, d viec van dyng linh boat, mdng ndy hd trp cho nhau, huong vdo viec hinh sdng tqo cdc tri thuc SP hpe vdo nhi/ng thdnh d ngudi hpc trinh dp chuyen mdn - nghiep tinh hudng gido dye ey the, tu d d tim «ehiec vy Nhung Idu nay, DT ve KHCB eh? moi nhdm chia khod van ndng" de di vdo the giai tdm hon myc dich ty nd, chua ehi ro eho SV thd'y ro nhijng eua tudi tho - mot the giai rdt doi thdn ki nhu kien thuc KHCB md hp dupe trang bi se su dyng V A Sukhomlinski - nhd gido dye Xd viet tung nhu the ndo Trong d d , viec DT ve KHGD cd Ipi tdch rdi khdi noi dung cdc mdn hpe, ede mong mud'n hopt ddng md SV phdi dqy hoqc tham gia d Cung vai tinh khoa hpc, LDSP eua gido vien a trudng PT sou ndy Vi the, cdn tich hop DT chuyen bd't cu bde hpc ndo cung cdn tinh nghe thuqt Tuy mdn (KHCB) vd DT NVSP (KHGD),'Idm cho hai nhien, ddi voi lao ddng eua GV bp mdn PPGD, mdng dao tqo ndy trd thdnh mot the thdng nhdt tinh nghe thudt «thdmdgm"Uan DT chuyen mdn phdi ddm bdo tinh nghiep vy, Tde gid Nguyen Thanh Hung hodn todn ed li, cdn DT NVSP phdi ddng thdi vd tren nen cua DT cho rdng; ôSP Id mdt kiĐ*u nghe dpo d i l n chuyen mdn khdng bao g i d ed ddy du kjch ban, md ludn ludn Theo tde gid Bui Vdn Hue, «phdi Idm eho npi ddi hdi sy sdng tpo tu bdn linh cd nhdn Ddy id mot kieu nghe thudt cd luc gid v d rdng minh khdng dung gidng day KHCB thd'm nhudn tinh nghe biet gi cd nhu Socrate da Idm" (1} * Tnrong Dai lioc Sai Gon Tap chi Giao due so (M - i/aoia) nghiep day hpc tu mye tieu den phucmg phdp Tuy nhien, ehu trpng tinh ehdt Idm mau Neu xem nhe viee ndy thi du ed dqy tdt KHCB LDSP eua minh, GV bd mdn PPGD khdng cung khdng the dem Iqi ket qud mong mudn" (2) dupe Idm mdt di sy sdng tqo eua SV GV bd mdn Thyc tien eho thdy rang, d khoa ndo GV co y PPGD trudc het Id «ngudi huong dan eua ngudi thuc day nghe dpy kien thue KHCB vd GV bp hpc, di cung ngudi hpe phuong phdp hpc mdn PPGD biet dpy nghe tren nen kien thuc KHCB cuo n g u d i hpc v d c h i cho n g u d i hpc thi hieu qud dqy hpe bd mon vd dqy nghe se cao dudng phdi theo sudt cd qud trinh; ngudi phdi hem Vi the, edn huy dong dpi ngu GV dqy cdc hpp vai ngudi hpc: hp cOng Idm ban ddng hdnh mdn KHCB tham gia tich cue vdo viec ddo too vdi nhau" (4) Viec dpy cua GV bp mdn PPGD NVSP cho SV Vd de Idm duoc dieu dd, LDSP khdng phdi Id «mdt bdi ddc tdu md Id mot vd kjch cua ngudi GV bp mdn PPGD phdi trd thdnh «chdt cd ngudi hpc cung tham gia tren dudng hdi hod di tdi tri thue mai; ngudi day gdn gidng nhu keo" k6't nd'i giOa KHCB vd KHGD LDSP cOa GV bd mon PPGD cdn ket nd'i giija thuyen trudng troo toy Idi eho ngudi hpe" (4) IDSP cua GV bd mdn PPGD ed sy ket hpp viec day hpc d trudng SP vdi viec dqy hpe d trudng PT Day hpe a trudng SP Id de ehudn bj cho SV chqt che giCra d a y nghe vdi thyc hdnh nghe va bdi dudng tinh cam nghe nghiep cho SV dpy hpc d trudng PT sou ndy Vi the, nhijng yeu Ddi voi ngudi GV bp mdn PPGD dpy nghe la cdu ddi vdi hopt ddng dpy hpe d trudng PT cdn dupc phdn dnh, ddp ung ndi dung, chuong giup SV: - Hieu cdc khdi niem trpng tdm, cdc trinh day hqc cua trudng SP Ngupe Iqi, nhCrng cdng ey tim kiem, ede cdu true mon hpe minh nghien cuu ve ddi mdi phuong phdp dqy hpe, day vd e6 khd nang Idm eho nhOng yeu td ndy eo phuong phdp ddnh gid cuo trudng SP lien quan y nghta ddi vdi HS; - Hieu HS hpc tdp, phdt trien den gido dye PT edn dupc thu nghiem, tham khdo nhu the ndo vd cd khd ndng tqo cdc co hdi de ho trp eho sy phdt trien tri tue, xd hdi, nhdn each y kien tu trudng PT GV bp mdn PPGD can trye tiep gidng day cua cdc em; - Hieu HS khdc biet nhu the ndo mot so g i d d trudng PT de the nghiem cdc ddi ve cdeh hpc vd tpo cdc eo hoi dpy hpe thich ung mdi PPDH Chinh nhirng trdi nghiem dd ed vdi ede ddi tupng khdc nhau; - Hieu vd su dyng cdc phuong phdp dpy hpe da dpng de khuyen y nghta quan trpng khong chi vdi bdn thdn GV khich sy phdt trien tu phe phdn, khd nang gidi bd mdn PPGD md cdn giup ho cd nhung chi ddn quyet vd'n d4 vd cdc ky ndng hoqt dong eua HS; cu the thich hpp, b d ich cho SV d cdc t r u d n g / - Van dyng sy hieu biet ve hdnh vi, ddng co cOa khoa DHSP ve mat PPDH cd nhdn vd nhdm de tqo mdi trudng hpc tdp eo Chu trpng tinh ehd't «ldm m a u " Ipi eho sy tuong tde xd hdi, tham gia tich cue LDSP cua minh qud trinh hpe tqp vd ty luc cdnh sinh; - Vdn dyng Trong cdc trudng SP, hopt ddng day, chung tri thue ve cdc kt thudt giao tiep bdng Idi, khong mye ndo Id «mpt dang kien tap gidng d a y lai vd ede phucmg tien thdng tin cd hieu qud khdc thudng xuyen, mot hinh thuc dy g i d hdng ngdy de tpo sy tim tdi tich cue, su tuong trp vd hpp d d i vdi gido sinh" (3) Nhirng gucmg sdng cuo tde Idp hpc; - Lap ke hopch day hpc tren co ngudi Hidy SP se Idng ddn vdo tiem thuc eua sd hieu biet ve mdn hpc, HS, cdng ddng vd mye gido sinh Ngudi gido sinh d d mot mai trd thdnh tieu cua chuong trinh; - Hieu biet vd si) dyng cde gido vi§n khdng the khdng mang ddu dn eua phuong phdp ddnh gid chinh thue vd phi ehinh nguai thdy SP cd npi dung, PPGD eung thue nhdm xdc dinh vd ddm bdo sy phdt triln lien nhu hdnh d d n g , cu chi, Idi dn, tieng ndi tue ve tri tue, xd hdi vd the luc cua HS N g u d i thdy SP, dpc biet Id ngudi GV bp mdn Voi npi dung dpy nghe nhu vdy, ddi hdi GV PPGD ed dnh hudng rd't lan den bdn iTnh vd phong edeh nghe nghiep sou ndy eua SV Vi bd mdn PPGD phdi thdng qua hopt ddng thyc the, nguai GV b d mdn PPGD phdi ludn ludn ed hdnh cua ehinh SV de hinh thdnh d hp he thdng y thue viee «ldm mdu" cuo minh Truac ndng lye SP noi tren het Id Idm mdu tdc phong, thdi dp len Idp; Hieu qud ren luyen NVSP cuo SV phu thuoc Idm mdu lya ehpn, s u d y n g phuong phdp, rd't nhieu vdo mdi trudng: «mdi trudng gid djnh" hinh thue td chuc d a y hpe, kiem tra, ddnh gid (d trudng SP) va «mdi trudng thyc" (d trudng PT) Trong mdi truang gid djnh, SV ren luyen cac kT kien thuc cua HS Tap ehi Giao due so (hi 2.1/2012) ndng SP tren nhimg «ddi tuong gid dinh" Nhung ket qud ren luyen a mdi trudng ndy Ipi cd dnh hudng Ion den ket qud ren luyen mdi trudng thye Do d d , cdn tpo d i l u kien eho SV eo the ren luyen he thwig kT ndng SP bdng cde hocit dpng ndi khod, ngopi khod, ede hoot dong tap the, hopt ddng xd hdi Tuy nhien, GV bp mdn PPGD phdi thdy rd y nghTa quan cuo viec ren luyen NVSP «mdi trudng thyc", khdng chi gioi hpn a cdc dpt kien tap, thyc tqp SP SV edn dupe ren luyen mdi trudng thyc cdng sdm edng tdt Yeu cdu ndy doi hdi phdi xdy dyng dupc ede trudng thyc hdnh (true thupc trudng SP) vd xem ddu tu cho trudng thye hdnh nhu ddu tu eho cgc phdng thi nghiem hien dpi cua ede khoa thyc nghiem H u a n g v d o viec xac l a p d q o due v d tinh edm nghe nghiep cho SV Trong trudng DH ndi chung, trudng/khoa DHSP ndi rieng, SV khdng trye tiep hpc dqo di>c nhung hp cdn ed nhdn thuc dung ddn v l cdc gid tri dqo due, md trudc het Id dpo due nghe nghiep Dd'i vdi nghe day hpc, dpo due nghe nghiep Iqi cdng cd y nghTa quan trpng hon Vai dpc trung vd the mpnh cuo minh, dpi ngu GV b d mdn PPGD se Id nhCrng ngudi (cung vdi G V cde bp mdn Tdm li - Gido dye hpc) chju trdch nhiem chinh gido dye dpo due nghe nghiep eho SV; bdi dudng eho SV li tudng nghe nghiep; gdn b d voi nghe day hpe; chd'p hdnh Ludt G i d o d y e , dieu le, quy ehe, quy djnh cua ngdnh; cd y thuc td chuc ki ludt vd tinh thdn trdch nhiem; giu gin phdm ehd't, danh d y , uy tin cua nhd gido; sdng trung thye, Idnh mpnh Id tdm gucmg tdt cho HS; thuong yeu, tdn trpng, dd'i x u eong bdng voi HS, giup HS khdc phyc khd khdn de hpc tdp vd ren luyen td't Ddng thai, GV bo mdn PPGD phdi bun dijc Idng yeu n g h i , yeu tre cho SV; giup SV thdy rd vinh d y vd trdch nhiem to Idn eua hp sy nghiep ngudi V.A Sukhomliski dd tung nhdn mpnh: «Ban cha quen mot sy that so ddng, nhung ro rdng quan trpng la ngudi thdy gido phdi ed Idng yeu ngudi, yeu nghe tha thiet de mdi mdi giij eho tinh thdn hdng hdi, tri tu§ minh mdn, dn tupng tuoi mdt va tinh edm nhpy ben Thieu cdc phdm ehdt dy, loo dpng cua nhd gido se trd thdnh mot thu eye hinh (5) Dqy each d a y , d a y cdeh hpc cho SV Day edch d a y Id net ddc trung nhd't LDSP eua G V b p mdn PPGD Chinh net ddc trung n d y d d i hdi GV bp mdn PPGD phdi thudng Tap chi Giao due so (ki • 1/2012) xuyen y thuc dupe myc tieu dqy hpc cua minh Id d q y cdeh d a y cho ngudi hpc Han bd't ki GV ndo cdc trudng/khoa DHSP, GV bd mdn PPGD, cung vdi viec am hieu cdc hpc phdn NVSP, cdn phdi am hieu trudng PT, ndm vung chuang trinh PT, SGK, sdch gido vien Cd nhu vdy hp mai e6 the dqy each d q y eho nhCrng ngudi gido vien tuong lai De Idm tdt eong viec ndy, GV bp mdn PPGD phdi ndm vijng li ludn dqy hpc DH, cdng nghe hda hoqt dpng dpy hpc cua minh de cdn thiet cd the chuyen giao eho SV Cung vdi dpy edeh day, day edch hpc cho SV phdi trd thdnh mot bd phdn quan trpng chuong trinh DT eua cde trudng/khoa DHSP Phdi tqo sy chuyen bien sdn phdm DT, tu eho GV Id ngudi ehuyen day mdt sd mdn hpe, ddng thdi trd ngudi ehuyen dgy viec hgc mdn hpe do; biet hudng dan, giup d d , tpo thudn Ipi cho viee hpc, Idm cho HS cua minh biet tiep nhdn, ehpn Iqc x u If, su dyng ede thdng tin mot edch thdng minh vd hieu qud nhdt LDSP cuo GV bp mdn PPGD ed mdt sd ddc trung nhu dd trinh bdy d tren Cd ndm vJng nhCrng dpc trung ndy, GV bd mdn PPGD moi thue hien td't vai trd cua minh cde t r u a n g / khoa DHSP • (1) Nguyen TTianli HQng, "V^n d^ d6i moi pliucmg piiap day lioc cr DHSP" Tap ctii Gido due, sO' 65 thing 8/2003; Cr.l5 (2) Biii van HuS "Niiin lai c6ng tac day nglid d trudng DHSP qua 45 nam d&o tao" Tap ciii Nghiin ciiu gido due s6 10/1996, tT.2 (3) Bui van Hu^ Suy ngtii vl day va tigc a truong sir pham" Tap chi Dai hgc vd Gido due chuy&n nghiip so3/1997,tr.ll (4) Jean- Marc Denomme & Madeleine Roy Tien t