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Qffilfi Li tfi^a iN|c uan OE Kov DUNG moi TROdnc UON HOO HOC TOP CHO SINH viEN CHUONG TRJNH TIEN TIEN O PGS TS PHAM HONG QUANG* ThS DO L̂ H A '''' M f at truong dgi hoc (DH) uy tin, c6 kha nang cap cho S[.]
Qffilfi Li tfi^a iN|c uan OE Kov DUNG moi TROdnc UON HOO HOC TOP CHO SINH viEN CHUONG TRJNH TIEN TIEN O PGS TS PHAM HONG QUANG* at truong dgi hoc (DH) uy tin, c6 kha nang f M thu hut sinh vien (SV) can rat nhieu yeu to, song khong the thieu yeu to ca ban: doi ngu giang vien (GV) tot; ca so vgt chat phu hgp; moi truang van hoa hgc tap (MTVHHT) va lam viec tgo dieu kien cho su phat trien Hien nay, cac trudng DH Viet Nam dang quan tam den viec xay dung dgi ngu GV va co so vgt chat phuc vy DT ma chua dgt muc tieu xay dung MTVHHT h-ong SV la trgng tam Thai gian qua, Bg GD-DT 6Q trien khai nhgp khdu mgt so chuong trinh tien tien (CTTT) cua cac trudng DH uy tin cua Hoa Ki de tgo ro su chuyen dgng he tho'ng gido dye DH Viet Nam theo hudng doi mdi co bdn vd todn dien Van de dgt Id, ldm xdy dyng dugc MTVHHT chmh qud trinh to' chuc DT theo GTT de SV vua tiep thu nhung gid tri mdi cua cdc chuong trinh «nhgp khdu", nhung dong thdi van giu dugc bdn sac tieu bieu cua gido dye DH Viet Nam Muon ldm duoe dieu ndy, trudc het can xda bd nhung thdi quen hgc tgp (HT) thieu tieh cyc dang ton tgi cdc trudng DH cua nudc ta Bdi viet ndy tgp trung nghien cuu MTVHHT ndi chung vd CTTT ndi rieng d ede trudng DH, qua de xudt mgt so bien phdp xdy dung MTVHHT, tgo nen tdng eho sy sdng tgo vd thdnh cong eua ngudi hgc sou ndy Thyc trgng MTS^HHT cua SV CTTT l l ^ ^ , ^'^"'.'l^i fS"^ ^ ^ ^S°,^^r ^ v , Khae vol eae he DT khac, qua trmh HT cua SV CUT ed nhung dgc diem sou: I) Chuong trinh DT bao quat hon cac chuong trmh DT nuoc, co sy thong nhat gii/a cac hgc phan co ban co so va chuyen nganh voi sy trg giupcao eua may tmh; 2) Doi tuong tuyen sinh cua Llll la nhung SV aa , '^ I.J , -.' -' / 4^ ' , trunq tuyen ki thi tuyen smh quoc qia (da so eac 4.! 4.-C \\ , \ n, j ^ , 4em deu dgt diem Ictia cao) Ban trian cac em da xde djnh duoe myc dfch phdn ddu vd yeu cdu cua chuong trinh; 3) Khdi lugng kien Hide ma GVcung Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 10/2011) ThS D O L^ H A ' cap cho SV thuong khong qua Idn nhung tinh thuc tien cao han rat nhieu so vai khoi luong kien thuc «han lam" cuo giao due DH Viet Nam; 4) Hogt dgng hgc co tinh chat nghien cuu cao, nguoi hgc phai chu dgng, sang tgo viec tiep nhgn kien thuc Ben cgnh do, phuong phap giang dgy mang tinh tuong tac, SV «binh dang" voi GV hogt dgng HT; 5) Ngon ngCrHTbang tieng Anh vaphan lan la cac GV nuoc ngoai dam nhgn (cac GV hoan toan khong biet tieng Viet) Boi vgy, su khac biet giua cac nen van hoa, dieu kien sinh song, ldm viec cung phan ndo dnh hudng den sir tiep nhgn tri thuc cua SV 2) Thgc trgng HT cua SV CTTT Sou khdo sdt tgi Trudng DH kl thudt cong nghiep (thuoc Trudng DH Thdi Nguyen) dd'i vdi SV dang theo hgc ngdnh: kt thudt ca khf (85 SV ndm thu cua Idp) vd kl thugt dien (mdi tuyen sinh ndm ddu tien vdi quy md 18 SV) - hai ngdnh hoe ed su hgp tde giua Trudng DH kl thudt cdng nghiep vdi DH bang NewYork tai Buffalo, Hoa KI chung toi nhdn thdy: 1) Trucmg DH Id thuat ^ong nghiep da ji tien phong tong viec tao moi ^^j^^g HT tidng Anh cho SV CTTT (trong so' ede ^ri/dng DH triln khoi OTT); 2) Sou mdt thdi gian -^^g ^^^^^ ^ ^ ngW\em, nha truong da xay dung j^^^ ^^j ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ gj^^ ^jgp^ ^5, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^Ttich cue cho SV; 3} Ditao Mu kien cho SVco ' " ° ' ^'^'"3 9>oo tiep, ren luyen kha'nang hf hgc ^ ^ ^ ^/,^^^ ^^^ trudng yeu c6u SVhoc CTTT phdi ^ ^ ^ ^ ^, ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ y ^^ ^ ^.^^^.^ ^.^^ j ^ , ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ j ^.^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^ > ^^ |^, ^ ^ ^ ^.^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^|^j '^j y.^ ^.^^^^ ^j^^^ SV CTTT Suae chia /, o • j /^- ã j i c\/ u* L ' iô' lam giai doan Giai doan 1: 5V eni rioc tienq » L • • J ' O C\/ L ' ' L L-^ ' L Ann, giai doan 2: 5V rioc cae rioe prion chuyen ^ • • r i * Tnrdngfiaihoc sir pham - Bai hoc Thai Nguyen ** Tnrdng Dai hpc ki thuat cong nghiep - Bai hoc Thai Nguyen ngdnh bdng tieng Anh Philipines sang gidng dgy eo huu tai trudng Ket thuc giai dogn 1, / (tl le 82%) SV thi Toefl dgt ke't qud tu 450 dilm trd ldn, dd cd 19/60 (ti le 32%) SV dgt dilm tu 500 trd len Song giai dogn 2: khodng / (tf le 90%) ede hgc phdn chuydn ngdnh (khdng tfnh ede hgc phdn Giao due the chat va Giao dye qudc phong) 6ugc gidng dgy bdi cdc GV nudc ngodi (den tu ede trudng DH Bang NewYok tgi Buffalo, DH Oklahoma, DH Missouri, DH Arkansas, Hoa Ki); nhung hge phdn cdn Igi GV Viet Nam (dd hge tien sT d nude ngodi ve) ddm nhiem; 5) Moi ndm, nha trudng tiep nhgn khodng 15-20 SV thuc tap nudc ngoai (\(r ndm thu trd len) tu ede nude Hoa Ki, Australia, Canada, Due, Thyy d i l n , Ao song sinh sdng vd ldm viec vdi SV CTTT (trong khodng thdi gian tu 2-4 thdng) de SV CTTT co dieu kien HT va trau doi khd nang giao tiep bSng heng Anh; 6) Sau nam trien khai CTTT hgc bang tieng Anh, kef qud HT cua SV kha kha quan: tf le SV xep logi hgc Iyc gidi: 5%; khd: 37%; trung binh khd: 58% Khda 2: ti le SV x l p logi hge Iyc gidi: 12,5%; khd: 47%; trung binh khd: 40,5% Mgc du viec duo CTTT vdo triln khai (d Trudng DH kr thugt cdng nghiep Thdi Nguyen) dd mang Igi nhung hieu qud nhdt djnh vd budc ddu dd tilp cdn, hdi nhdp duge vdi xu t h l gido dye eua t h l gidi, nhung xud't phdt tu nhieu If (khdch quan vd ehu quan) nen qud trinh dp dyng van chua mang Igi hieu qud nhu mong mud'n: /jNhin chung, SV cdn thieu finh chu dgng, tich cue, h/ giac frong HT, chua ed khd ndng ldm viec theo nhdm, chua bilt su dyng thdi gian 6e ldm viec mgt cdch hieu qud Nhugc dilm eo bdn ndy cd the xud't phdt tu phuong phdp dgy hgc truyen thd'ng cua chung ta (cdch hgc nhdi nhet, thdy dgc trd chep) vd nhung dnh hudng tu vdn hda phuong Ddng (e nggi bdc Id ed tfnh, «cdi tdi" cua minh); 2) SVchua h/jiac va trung thuc thl cu Trong cdc gid kilm tra, cdc em chua chu ddng ldm bdi (do chua ty tin vdo bdn thdn), van cdn hien tugng quay cdp tdi lieu, nhin bdi Ddy Id dilm khde biet giua SV Viet Nam vd SV Hoa Ki N l u CTTT khdng khde phyc dugrc nhung nhuoc dilm ndy, SV cua chung ta se rdt khd d l hdi nhdp qud'c te; mgt khde, nhugc diem ndy dd vd dang ddn hinh thdnh mgt MTVHHT khdng td't SV Nhin chung, vdn hda HT tfch cyc chua dugc hinh thdnh b4n vung d SV Mdt so' bien phdp xdy dyng MTVHHT cuo SV CTTT MTVHHT, mdi trudng gido dye tfch eye, dgc bidt Id gido dye DH Id bieu hien ehf sd niem tin cua nhd trudng; bdi vdy, 6e trien khai ed hieu qud cdc CTTT, chung tdi de xud't mgt so' bien phdp sou: 1) Hinh cho SV nang luc xac djnh dung muc dich va dgng ca HT Myc dfch cua bien phdp ndy Id giup SV nhgn thuc dugc viec HT trudc het Id vi bdn thdn (dugc thda mdn niem say me khoa hgc vd tim den chdn If cua tri thue) Ddy Id myc tieu quan trgng nhdt quyet djnh thdnh cdng cua moi cd nhdn HT D l ldm dugc dieu ndy, ngudi hgc cdn co mgt ke hogch hge tdp cy t h l , vf dy, ldp thdi khoa bieu theo ngdy, tudn, thdng, theo hge ki vd cd khda hgc vd phdi kien djnh thyc hien nhung ke hogch dd de ra, hgn che d l cdc yeu to khdch quon ehi phdi Bude tiep theo, SV cdn ddi mdi tu HT vd ndng cao ndng Iyc ty gidi quyet vd'n de O budc ndy, SV nen chu ddng tiep thu bdi gidng theo cdch hiiu cua minh chu khdng le thudc vdo GV (chf biet chep Igi todn bg bai gidng) Trong qud trinh hgc, phdi djnh hudng 6ugc ndi dung trgng tdm (linh hdn eua bdi hoc) Id gi? Hinh dung dugc cdc vd'n de tdng qudt, sou dd su dyng so bdn dd tu (Mind Map) d l triln khai viec tiep nhdn kiln thuc cua minh Vd, quan trgng hon Id nen tv> bd tdm If hgc vi dilm, trdng chd, y Igi vdo GV, «moi ngudi hay ty Id thdy dgy eho chfnh bdn thdn minh' Mgt khde, cdn ren luyen tfnh kf ludt d l su dyng thai gian hge tdp eho ed hieu qud nhdt Trong cdc gid thdo ludn, seminar, SV nen phdt huy ban ffnh, cd tfnh vd «cdi t d i ' cua minh theo phuong phdp A.R.E (Assertion khdng djnh ve vdn de dugc trinh bdy Reasoning - su dyng If le d l giai thfch cho vd'n de mud'n tranh ludn Evidence - dua chung cu, trinh bdy vf du ve nhi/ng If le da neu) Hdy «chudn bi bdi td't nhdt, ddt edu hoi, tranh ludn, due kit vd kilm d i l m loi nhung gi minh thu dugc* vd dung nggi ndi quan dierii cue minh vi so sai GV nen khfch le SV su tu tin cua SV d l cdc em hiiu rang viec ndi suy nghi cua minh cdn quy hon viec chd nghi cdu tra ldi tdt nhdt Mgt dieu nua Id SV can chu y ren Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 10/2011) luyen ndng Iyc khdi qudt hda vd'n de song cung cdn cd kT ndng gidi quylt cdc vdn de cy t h l ndy sinh qud trinh HT Budc cud'i eung Id SV phdi ty ddnh gid duge hieu qud hogt ddng cua bdn thdn (dd dgt dugc dung myc dfch vd ddng CO HT de chua?) d l kjp thdi cd nhOng dieu chfnh cho phu hgp N l u SV thyc hien td't bien phdp ndy, ede em se xdc djnh dugc chfnh xde ddng eo vd myc dfch HT eua minh; nhd dd, tfnh tfch cyc, ty gidc, chu ddng hge tdp se tdng len 2) Sd dung hieu qua thai gian lam viec d trudng CTTT dugc td chue theo hinh thuc DT tfn chf, bdi vdy, d l tilp thu duoc tfn chi tren k^p, SV phdi ty hgc 30 tilt d nhd Tuy nhien, tren thyc t l , da sd SV chua bilt cdch su dyng hodc su dyng chua hieu qud thdi gian ty hgc d nhd Myc dfch eua bien phdp ndy giup SV thay ddi thdi quen hgc tdp vd ren luyen ndng Iyc chu dgng, thfch nghi vdi mdi trudng d l hmh thdnh y thuc ldm viec mdi De thyc hien duoc bien phdp ndy, SV nen thay thdi quen chf chdm ehu hge d nhd vd cu ed gid mdi d i n trudng, bdng thdi quen d i n trudng td't cd cdc ngdy tudn d l tham gia hge nhdm, thdo ludn cung cdc bgn hay truy cdp, tra cOu tdi lieu Mgt khde, nhd trudng cung nen bd trf eho ede GV ed ft nhdt din budi ldm viec theo gid hdnh chfnh tudn 6e SV cd t h l gap gd, trao ddi vdi cdc GV ve nhCrng dieu (do khd ndng tilp nhdn bdi gidng bdng tieng Anh cdn hgn ehl) md hg chua rd hodc chua thda mdn, kjp thdi dieu chinh tiln bdi gidng tren Idp vd tim cdch thue truyen tdi kiln thuc phu hgp nhdt vdi tung ddi tugng SV Kit qud md bien phdp ndy cdn dgt tdi Id tdng tfnh chu ddng cua SV vd giup cdc em phdt huy dugc hieu qud viee su dyng thdi gian 3) Thay ddi ca bdn phong each HT va giao tiep dng xd co van hoa Mdi trudng vdn hda hgc tdp CTTT khdng chf chu trgng viee hgc cua SV md dge biet rd't coi trgng viee ren luyen phong cdch HT, nhdn cdch vd cdch thue giao tilp ung xu cd vdn hda eho SV Da so SV tham gia hgc CTTT deu sd'ng mgt t h l gidi md (mdi trudng da vdn hda vdi cdc GV vd SV d i n tu nhieu qudc gia, nen vdn hda khde nhau); bdi vgy, viec ren luyen nhdn cdch hay ldi sdng se quylt djnh sy thdnh cdng hay that bgi eua SV dd hge tdp cung nhu budc vdo ddi Myc tieu cua cdc trudng DH Tap chi Giao due so (kii 10/2011) nude ta ung dyng CTTT Id mudn xdy dyng mgt MTVHHT dgc trung, mang ddm bdn sdc vdn hda Viet Nam; ddng thdi gidn tiep «qudng bd" vdn hda cuo nude ta den the gidi thdng qua cdc GV vd SV nudc ngodi den sinh sd'ng, hgc tdp vd gidng dgy d nude ta Co t h l ndi, mgt nhung bilu hien dgc trung eua nhdn cdch Id tfnh trung thyc Tuy nhien, mgt so SV (d cdc mue khde nhau) van cdn ed nhung bilu hien thieu trung thye hgc tdp, thi eu, Bdi vdy, 6i kilm sodt viec thieu trung thyc eua SV thi eu, ed t h l su dyng nhieu bien phdp: de thi theo hudng md, gidm thj nghiem tuc, xu If nghiem minh cdc trudng hgp vi phgm hodc trang bj, tdng cudng cdc phuong tien hien dgi ho trg coi thi nhu mdy quay, camera Tuy nhien, dieu quon trgng nhdt Id ldm soo 6e SV y thuc dugc sdu sdc myc dfch vd dgng co cua viee hgc tdp (khdng phdi vi dilm md hgc Id Se trang bj kiln thuc cho bdn thdn vd phyc vy cdng viec sou ndy) Ben cgnh dd, SV edn trang bj eho bdn thdn nhung kT ndng sdng edn thiet, khdng ngung ren luyen cdch thuc giao tiep, ung xu ed vdn hda, vdn minh mgt mdi trudng da vdn hda (mdt mgt vua giO dugc net bdn sdc vdn hda tdt dep cua ddn tdc, mgt khde, biet tiep nhdn nhung net vdn hda dgc sde cua nude ngodi) Kit qud bien phdp dgt dugc chfnh Id giup SV hodn thien bdn thdn, thay ddi co bdn phong cdch HT vd xdy dyng duge vdn hda HT rieng cua CTTT *** De xdy dyng dugc mdi trudng HT CTTT edn nhieu y l u td, nhung quan trgng nhdt Id sy chu ddng HT vd tfnh trung thyc thi cu Ddy Id ylu td tien de d l xdy dyng mdi trudng HT h'ch cyc, ben viJng, logi bd dugc nhung thdi quen xdu HT cua SV Nhiem vy ndy khdng thl mdt sdm mgt chieu dd gidi quylt dugc vd ddi hdi phdi ed sy ddng tdm, nhdt trf d cdc cdp qudn If: nhd trudng, khoa, bd mdn, GV, SV Sy tde dgng phdi ddng thdi len mdt: nhgn thue, hdnh ddng ey thl vd ddnh gid Kit qud dgt 6ugc SV theo hgc CTTT khdng chf Id kit qud djnh lugng nhu dilm so, ndng Iyc ty hgc ty nghien cuu, trinh chuyen mdn vd tiing Anh, md quan trgng hon Id hinh thdnh dugc phdm chdt chuyen gia tuong lai (nhu tinh sdng tgo, khd ndng hgp tde nhdm; khd ndng giao tilp, ung xu, cd sue cudn hijt vd dnh hudng tfch cyc den ngudi khde) Dd Id cdc chf so phdn dnh (Xem tiep trang 24) Quan he giua giao due ngudi tqo nhtfng mdi trudng hqc tdp tfch cyc vd Krong tdc gitfa ngudi hqe vdi d l hinh thdnh nhtfng klndng Kr hqe ed nhdn vd hqp tdc nhdm Q (Tiep theo frang 13) sy thdng nhdt ndy cd y nghia trye tilp to Idn, vi, sy tde ddng td hqp cua hai dqng GD se duqc tdng cudng Trong thuc tien, tiln hdnh GD cho HS, SV, ede kudng vd tung gido vidn phdi kilm Hm cdc bidn phdp phu hqp de GDPL vd GDDD vai Kr each Id ede bidn phdp bd sung htfu eo eho nhdm ddm bdo tdng cudng sy tde dqng Idn tinh edm, hinh thdnh hdnh vi hqp phdp, dqo dtrc d ngudi Mdc cd mdi quon he htfu co bidn chung vdi nhau, Kjy nhidn cdn phdi khdng djnh, se khdng t h l hda Idn vd trdn Idn GDDD vd GDPL Tinh bidn chung ddi hdi phdi phdn bidt vd nhdn cdi ridng edi chung, cdi tdng the; nhdn ro cdc nhdt cdi ddc thu Dilu dd ehi ro rdng, cung vdi tfnh hd thdng vd td hqp eua qud kinh GD cdn SUMMARY phdi phdn bidt mdt cdch rd rdng ede da dqng khac In the process of teaching, proper attention cuo GDDD vd GDPL GDDD khdng the thay should be paid to the role and Influence of thl GDPL, cung nhu GDPL khdng the thay thl GDDD, environment leachers therefore must create active vi moi hinh thuc GD cd myc dfch, nqi dung, hinh learning environment; giving interactive teaching in thtrc vd phuong phdp ridng cua minh Bdn cqnh the direction of self-formation of new knowledge dd, Kiy h/ng Itfa Kidi md chung ta cd nhtfng noi dung GDDD vd GDPL phu hqp d l moi hinh thi/c phdt huy duqc vai kd cuo minh kong vide hinh (Tiep theo trang 3) thdnh nhdn cdch eua eon ngudi Viet Nam G (1) Claire Margolinas Devolution ct institutionnalLsation deux aspects antagonistes du rflle du maitre, Didactique des disciplines scicntifiques et formation des enseignants Universite Pedagoi^ique llo Chi Minh Ville 1995 (2) Trdn Diftn Hi^n (chu bien) C(rs& If thuyft tap h(yp \k logic toin Dy Sn PhSt tridn gido viCn tidu hpc NXB Gido due H 2007 Tdi li^u tham khio J M Denomme M Roy Ti^n tdi mOt phumig phip sir pham tmrng tic (NguySn Van Tu^n - T6ng Van Quan djch) NXB Thanh niin H 2000 D6 Dinh Hoan (chii bifin) Toin kirp I, 2, 3, 4, NXB Gidoc/j/c.H 2004 Van de xay dung dqc trung vdn hda eao d ngudi hqe - vd Id kit qud mong dqi Kr vide DT CTTT d Viet Nam • (1) M Rodentan (chii bien) Turdien Triet hoc NXB Suthdt H 1986 (2) Giio trinh Triet hoc Mic-Lenin NXB Chinh tri Tii lieu tham khio BO GD-DT Di dn ddo tao theo chuang trinh tiin qudc gia H.1999 tiin tgi mdt sd trudng dgi hgc ciia Viit Nam giai (3) Giio trinh I.i luin Mac-Lenin ve Nhi nuvc vi Phip luit Khoa Luit Trudng Dai hpc quO'c gia dogn 2008-2015, H 2008 Cic giao viftn cua cic trudng dai hpc USA Cic bio Hi NOi 2002 Tii lif u tham khao eio k^t thiic giing day Dai hpc Thai Nguyftn Hi Sy H6 NhOng bii giing v£ quin li truvng hpc Bin v£ giio due phap luit NXB Chinh tri quSc gia H 1995 NXB Gidod(