Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San TH r̂C TRANG NHAN THlTC CUA PHV HUYNH TAI TP H 6 CHI MINH VE SV* PHAT TRIEN TRI TUE XA HQI CUA TRE 6 11 TUOI HUYNH VAN SON'''' T6M TAT Bdi bdo di cap din nhdn th[.]
Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San TH^rC TRANG NHAN THlTC CUA PHV HUYNH TAI TP H CHI MINH VE SV* PHAT TRIEN TRI TUE XA HQI CUA TRE 6-11 TUOI HUYNH VAN S O N ' T6M TAT Bdi bdo di cap din nhdn thuc eua phu huynh vi suphdt triin tri tue xd hdi (TTXH) ciia tre tit 6-11 tudi Ddnh gid chung thi nhdn thue cua phu huynh vi su phdt triin TTXH cua tre tic 6-11 tudi dgt muc trung binh Cdc bdc phu huynh dd hieu dugc vai tro quan trgng cua gia dinh, thdy cd, bgn be vd nhitng ddi tugng khde md tre tiep xuc ddi vdi Su phdt triin TTXH ciia tre Theo ddnh gid eiia phu huynh thi gia dinh ed dnh hu&ng nhieu F F \ ^ f / nhdt, sau dd la den thdy cd, bgn be rdi den cdc ddi tugng khde Tuy nhien, phu huynh chua ddnh gid ddng vai trd ciia bdn thdn dua tre ddi vdi suphdt triin TTXH eiia chung cho rdng bdn thdn tri chi cd dnh huang vica phdi dnh huang it han so v&i cdc ddi tugng khdc Tir khda: nhan thiic, tri tuf xa hdi, nhan thiic cua cha me, nhan thiic ciia cha me vl » t su phat tridn tri tuf xa hdi ciia tre tir 6-11 tudi ABSTRACT Status of perception by parents in Ho Chi Minh City on the intellectual and social development of children aged to 11 years The article refers to perception by parents in Ho Chi Minh City on intellectual and social development of children aged to 11 years According to parents, the intellectual and social development of children aged 6-11 years is average Parents understand the important roles of family, teachers, friends, and other things that impact on the intellectual and social development of children, and they rank in influential order family, teachers, friends and other things However, parents not correctly evaluate the role of children toward their intellectual and social development when thinking that children themselves just have less impact than other things Keywords: perception; social intelligence, perception of parents, perception of parents on the intellectual and social development of children aged to 11 years dd la tinh thin hgp tac lam vifc cdn chua I Dat van dl cao Didu cd nguydn nhan sau xa tir Hifn nay, nudc ta dang nim giao dye cua gia dinh va nha trudng Phy thdi ki ciia "dan so vang" vdi ti Id dan sd huynh va thiy cd chua chii trgng nhieu dp tudi lao ddng la rat ldn Tuy din vifc phat triln tinh thin lam vifc nhidn, mdt nhiing hgn chl kha ldn nhdm cho hgc sinh ciia lao ddng nudc ta ndi chung, Thanh Tilu hgc la mdt bgc hgc quan trgng phd Ho Chi Minh (TPHCM) ndi ridng thdi ki di hgc ciia moi ngudi Day TS, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham TPHCM 57 Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM la giai doan dong vai trd ndn tang, khdng chi cung cip cho hgc sinh nhumg kiln thiic khoa hgc co ban ma cdn la khoang thdi gian djnh hinh, phat trien nhan each cua tre Trong giai dogn nay, tam li ciia tre ndi chung va tri tuf ndi ridng, cd tri tuf xa hgi dugc phat tridn mgt each manh mg TTXH la mgt ITnh vyc nghign ciiru cdn hgt sire mdi me ddi vdi nganh Tam li hpc nudc Theo each hieu khai quat nhit thi tri tuf xa hgi la nang lyc hoan cac nhifm vy hoan canh cd tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac Nang lyc dd dugc dya trdn sy nhan thiic va sy thd hifn nhimg cam xiic (thai do) nhumg hoan canh nhit djnh Cac bilu hidn thi hifn tri tue xa hdi cua mdt ca nhan gdm: kha nang thiu cam; kha nang thidt lap va tri cac mdi quan he xa hgi; kha nang nhan thiic ban than; kha nang ty dilu chinh Nhd cd logi tri tuf ma ngudi cd nhihig "mdi day" lidn kit vdi cac vidn khac cgng ddng, xa hgi TTXH dugc hinh rit sdm, dira tre bit diu cd y thiirc vl cac mdi quan he xa hdi va chinh thiirc tham gia vao cac mdi quan hf Do vay, nhan thirc ciia phy huynh vl sy phat triln TTXH cua tre tir 6-11 tudi la dilu kifn hdt siic quan trgng, gdp phin tryc tilp cho sy hinh thanh, phat triln chi sd tri tuf cua tre Tim hiiu thyc trgng nhan thirc cua phy huynh cd tir 6-11 tudi trdn dja ban TPHCM vl sy phat triln TTXH cua 58 S6 32 ndm 2011 tre tir 6-11 tudi chiing tdi tidn hanh nghign cim vdi 400 phy huynh tai TPHCM, gom 245 phy huynh d khu vyc ngi va 155 phy huynh d ngoai Trgn co sd do, cac so lifu nghien cuu phii hgp va dang tin cay Nghign ciru sir dung phdi hgp cac phuong phap nghidn ciiu khac nhau, phuong phap digu tra bang bang hdi la phuong phap chinh, cac phuomg phap nghign cim cdn lai nhu: phuomg phap phdng v^n, phuomg phap thdng kd toan hgc la cac phuomg phap bd trg Dac bift, vdi phuomg phap chu dgo, chung tdi thilt kl bang hdi vdi gin 30 cau hdi Cach chim diem dya trdn sy lya chgn ciia khach nghien eiiu d timg cau hdi theo hudng t ^» t p « dan cy the Diem sd dugc quy ddi dilm nguyen, sau dd tinh dilm trung binh F \ ciia timg van dd nghign ciiru Cach quy ddi diem sd dugc thyc hifn: - Didm so dugc quy ddi theo thang bgc ling vdi cac miic d^ Didm thip nhit la 1, cao nhit la 5, gdm miic, theo dd thang didm nhu sau: Tir I din 1,5: kem; Tir 1,51 din 2,5: ylu; Tir 2,51 din 3,5: trung binh; Tir3,5ldln4,5:kha; Tir 4,51 din 5: tdt Giai quyet van de F Ket qua nghidn ciiu thycfrgngnhan thirc ciia phy huynh vl sy phat triln TTXH cua trd tir 6-11 tudi thi hifn nhu sau: 2.1 Nhgn thurc cua phu huynh vi sir phdt triin TTXH cua tre tu- 6-11 tudi Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San Bdng Quan nipm cuaphg huynh vi suphdt triin TTXH cua tre tu- 6-11 tudi STT Sy phat trien TTXH DTB DLC TTXH la ylu td ty nhidn va nd sd ty phat triln 3,06 1,09 TTXH phat trign tir tre bit diu cd sy tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac 3,68 0,91 TTXH chi phat trign trg thgt sy tham gia vao cac mdi quan hf xa hgi 3,60 0,97 TTXH sg phat trien cimg vdi sy md rgng cac moi quan hf xa hdi ciia trd 3,93 0,77 D$c digm thg chat cd lidn hf vdi miic phat tridn TTXH cua tre 3,72 0,90 Cd thg nang cao miic TTXH cho tre thdng qua luyfn tap 4,01 0,78 Giao dye gia dinh la ydu td quydt djnh den sy phat tridn TTXH ciia tre 4,15 0,75 Nha trudng cd vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi sy phat tridn TTXH cua tre 4,10 0,73 Hogt ddng ciia ban than dua tre quydt djnh sy phat trign TTXH ciia nd 3,96 0,93 Kgt qua khao sat cho thiy, phy huynh da cd nhgn thiirc tuomg ddi vl sy phat tridn TTXH ciia tre Tuy nhidn, vin cdn cd mft sd vin dh phy huynh nhgn thiic chua that sy diing din Ddi vdi phat bidu "Tri tuf xa hdi la ylu td ty nhidn va nd se ty phat triln", cd DTB = 3,06 - tiirc la phy huynh "phan van" vg digu Kit qua thdng kd cy thi cho thiy, cd 57% phy huynh "rit ddng y" va "dong y", 13% phy huynh "phan van", 30% phy huynh "khdng ddng y" va "hoan toan khdng ddng y" Ndu xet ve didm tnmg binh thi cd thg nhgn dinh rang phy huynh van chua that sy higu diing vl co chl phat trign TTXH cua tre Con sd thdng kd cho thay van cdn kha ddng phy huynh nhgn thirc chua diing vl sy phat triln TTXH ciia tre Cd din hon mdt nira sd phy huynh nghT ring, TTXH la ylu td ty nhidn va nd se ty phat triln ma khdng cin phai cd sy tac ddng nao Anh N.V.T, phy huynh em N.M.T d Trudng Tilu hgc Trin Binh Trgng cho bilt "Theo tdi thi tri tuf ndi chung hay TTXH la ylu td ty nhidn cua mdi dua tre Co nhilu tre, cung sdng 59 Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM cimg mgt gia dinh nhung cd dira thdng minh, lanh lgi dira thi lai trim tinh va ii li Nhu vay, rd rang la dac dilm bim sinh cua dira tre ndn mdi cd sy khac bift nhu vay" Trong thyc tl, TTXH la mgt dgng tri tuf dac bift ciia ngudi Nd dugc hinh va phat triln thdng qua cac mdi quan he vdi ngudi khac, vdi xa hgi cua diia tre Nlu lap luan ring, cac mdi quan he cua tre vdi ngudi khac, nhu mdi quan hf vdi cac vidn gia dinh, ngudi than, bgn be hay giao vidn la "ty nhidn" vi mdt diia tre sinh da phai tiep xiic vdi nhiing ngudi than va ddn tudi thi tre di hpc ndn TTXH ciing sg ty nhign phat trign Tuy nhign, ban chat cua F \ van dg khdng phai nhu vay Diing la cd nhumg mdi quan he ciia tre la duong nhidn nhung chinh mdi quan he dd lgi khdng hoan toan ty nhidn ma nd phy thugc vao sy chu ddng, vao miic tham gia ciia tre Chinh didu mdi anh hudng that sy den sy phat trien TTXH cua tre Hay ndi khac di, "chit lugng" cua cac mdi quan he xa hgi ma tre tham gia anh hudng nhigu tdi sy phat triln TTXH cua tre chiir khdng phai ylu td "sd lugng" cua cac mdi quan hf Phy huynh ddng y ring "TTXH phat tridn tir tre bit diu cd sy tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac" (DTB = 3,68) Ddi vdi mdt diia tre, vira mdi chao ddi thi tre da bit diu chju sy tac ddng ciia ngudi khac, ma chu ylu nhit la ngudi me hay ngudi tryc tilp nudi dudng tre Xet vd sy phat tridn tam li ngudi ndi chung thi tat ca nhimg sy tac ddng ddu cd F 60 y Sd 32 ndm 2011 nhOmg anh hudng nhit dinh Tuy nhign, ddi vdi sy phat triln TTXH thi cd nhOng sy khac bift Khdng gidng nhu tri thdng minh (IQ) dugc bgc lg sdm, TTXH chi dugc thi hifn dira trd da gia nh$p that sy vao cac mdi quan hf xa hgi va thi hifn dugc nang lyc hoan nhifm vy hoan canh cd tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac Do vgy, nhflmg tilp xiic, tuong tac cua trg nhumg nam diu cua cudc song sg khdng anh hudmg nhilu din su phat triln TTXH ciia tre, ma chi la nin tang cho sy phat tridn TTXH cua tre sau "TTXH chi phat triln tre thgt sy tham gia vao cac moi quan hf xa hpi" dugc 66,8% phy huynh "ddng y" (DTB = 3,60) Nhu da ndi, mgt diia trg vira mdi chao ddi da cd sy tuong tac xS hgi vdi ngudi khac, nhung dd la sy tuong tac mdt each thy dgng Chi ddn nhgn thirc cua tre bit dau phat tridn thi tinh chu ddng cac mdi quan hf xa hdi cua tre mdi dugc bdc Id Liic nay, vai trd cua tre cac mdi quan hf vdi ngudi khac cang rd rft hom va trg hgc duac nhilu hom tir nhimg moi quan hf Nhd vgy, cac phin cua TTXH (ty nhgn thiic vg ban than, nang luc xa hdi va tri tuf cam xiic) cd co hgi dugc thi hifn va cang phat triln Chia sd vl dilu nay, chj P.H.T, phy huynh em L.N.N d trudng cho ring "Tdi nghT la diia tre khdng cdn nit nflra, tiic la chiing da cd y thirc cac mdi quan he vdi ngudi khac thi trg se bgc lg rit rd ban than giao tilp, lam vifc chung vdi ngudi khac Thdng qua nhihig mdi quan Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM he nhu vay, diia tre se hgc hdi dugc each thiic dl cd thd hgp tac vdi ngudi khac cang tdt hon" Cd din 81,5% phy huynh thdng nhit vdi quan niem "TTXH se phat triln cung vdi sy md rdng cac mdi quan hf xa hdi cua tre" (DTB = 3,93) Day la mgt sd kha cao cho thiy mgt tin hieu kha tich cyc v l ban chit, TTXH chinh la nang lyc hoan cac nhifm vy hoan canh cd tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac F \ F Ndu xet vg phgm vi cac mdi quan hf xa hdi cua trd thi cdn nhd, quan hf chu ygu ciia tre la vdi cac vign gia F dinh va ngudi than Khi dgn tudi di hgc, phgm vi mdi quan hf dd dugc md rgng f \ F ddn bgn be va thay cd Timg mdi quan he cd nhiing ddi hdi va ydu cau ridng ma trd phai dap irng Nhiing didu dd bugc tre phai ty hgc hdi va ty hoan thifn de cd thg tri va phat trign dugc sy tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac Dd cung chinh la qua trinh phat triln TTXH cua tre liia tudi tir 6-11 tudi, ngoai mdi quan he vdi cac vidn gia dinh thi tre da cd mdi quan hf vdi thay cd, bgn be qua trinh hgc tap cung nhu tham gia sinh hogt td chiic Dgi thilu nidn Tiln phong Hd Chi Minh Sy md rgng phgm vi tuomg tac cd tac dyng didu chinh hanh vi cua tre mgt each manh md Huynh Vdn San ndi quy hgc tap Liic nay, dura tre se hidu va phai chap nhgn ring minh phai thay ddi hanh vi, each iing xir Anh L.V.L, phy huynh em L.M.L d Trudng Tidu hgc Nguyen Son Ha cho bilt "Hai vg chdng tdi ciing quan nifm rang, cang cho tre tilp xiic vdi nhilu ngudi sg cang tdt cho sy phat tridn cua tre Vi vgy, tir tre bap b? bilt ndi, tdi thudng dua trai cua minh di tham ba de chau cd CO hgi tilp xiic vdi nhilu ngudi Khi chau ldn hom mgt chiit, tdi thudng din chau sang nha hang xdm cd nhumg dura tre ciing Ilia de cho chiing choi vdi rdi cho chau den cac khu vui choi thidu nhi t F t, do, chau cd didu kidn tigp xiic vdi nhumg diia trd khac Khi di hgc, chau thich nghi rat nhanh vdi mdi trudng mdi va hgc tap dgt kgt qua cao" Ddi lap vdi phy huynh trgn, chj M.N.N, phy huynh ciia em L.V.H ndi "Con trai tdi nam hpc ldp nhung chau rat tram tinh va it ndi Do hoan canh, hai vg chdng tdi d nha thud va sdng xa gia dinh ndn liic nhd, chau d nha vdi tdi Khi hdt thdi gian nghi thai san, tdi giii chau cho mgt bac gai ldn tudi gan t t > \ \ F nha ddng y giu chau dd di lam rdi tdi lgi ddn vd Khi di hgc mau giao, cac cd bao mlu thudng phan anh la chau it ndi va khdng thich choi vdi cac bgn khac ^ F Hai vg chdng tdi cung khdng bidt phai Ngu nhu gia dinh, trg cd nhu lam dd cai thidn tinh trgng cua chau cau gi dd thi thudng la cha me sg dap Tdi nghT, chic tir nhd, chau da it cd didu img, nhung di hgc thi khdng phai nhu kifn tilp xiic vdi ngudi khac ndn bay gid vgy (^ nha, tre cd the ty lam nhflmg gi chau trim tinh va khdng thich giao tiep minh thich va khdng bj gd bd vd yeu td vdi ban be", thdi gian hay ki luat thi di hgc, tre Cung cd ddn 81,8% phy huynh thong lihit vdi nhan djnh ring "Dac diem phai chap hanh ngi quy trudng, ldp va F 61 Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM thd chit cd lign hf vdi mirc dcf phat triln TTXH cua trg" (DTB = 3,72) M6i lign hf giong nhu la sy anh hudng lin giu'a ylu t6 d$c dilm "bgn ngoai" va npi dung "bgn trong" TTXH la mOt dgng nang lyc tinh thin cua ngudi va nd chju sy anh hudng nhit djnh cua d^c dilm thi chit, nhit la ddi vdi trd nhd Mdt dira tre cd sy phat triln co the binh thudng va khoe mgnh sg la nin tang thuan lgi cho sy phat trign tri tuf ndi chung, dd cd TTXH Ngugc lgi, mdt diia tre khdng binh thudng ve dac digm thg chat hay sy phat trign thg chit thi sg tac ddng tidu cyc tdi sy phat tridn TTXH Trong thyc tl, cd mdt sd trudng hgp tre bj beo phi sd keo theo nhumg van S F » dg vg giao tigp Nhflmg dira tre thudng cd xu hudng nggi giao tilp, khep kin va it chu dgng kgt bgn vdi nhflmg F ngudi lg Kgt qua la nang lyc tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac cua trg bj hgn chl, lam anh hudng din sy phat triln TTXH cua cac em Da phin phy huynh (86,1%) diu thdng nhit ring "Cd thi nang cao TTXH cua tre thdng qua luyfn tap" (DTB = 4,01) So vdi tri thdng minh (IQ) cd bidn dao ddng thip thi TTXH (SQ) cd bidn dao ddng ldn hom nhilu Ben cgnh dudng phat triln cua TTXH ciing vdi sy md rdng phgm vi cac mdi quan hf xa hgi thi TTXH cung cd thd dugc phat triln thdng qua cac bai tap cy thi Trdn thi gidi, cac nha tam li da thilt kd va sir dyng nhilu logi bai tap ren luyfn TTXH khac Cac bai tgp dd hudng din sy phat triln cua timg bd phgn ciu tnic 62 Sd 32 ndm 2011 TTXH dd la nang lyc ty nhgn thiirc ban than, nang lyc xa hgi va tri tuf cam xiic ma nhieu nhit la cac bai tgp phat tridn ve tri tuf cam xuc Tac gia Daniel Coleman da sir dyng bai tgp dl phat triln TTXH nhu sau: cho mgt ngudi nhin vao biic anh chyp cac anh mit khac cua nhftng ngudi khac va ygu ciu ngudi nhin doan tam trgng cua timg loai anh mit dd Qua dd, sg giiip cho ngudi thyc hifn xkn luyfn va phat trign kha nang higu cam xiic cua ngudi khac dg cd each iing xir tuomg ling, phii hgp D6i vdi tre tir 6-11 tudi, phy huynh va giao vidn cd the hudng dan cho trd each iimg xu vdi ngudi khac nhflmg tinh huong khac nhau; tap cho tre each ty danh gia ban than thdng qua vifc moi danh phiit de ty minh hoac cimg vdi cha m% xem x^t lgi nhflmg vifc tdt va chua tot Vdi nhflmg each lam nhu vgy, s6 giiip cho tre phat triln dugc kT nang t\r danh gia ban than cung nhu kha nang umg xii vdi ngudi khac, gdp phin phat triln TTXH cua trd Hiu hit phy huynh diu ddng tinh ring cd thd phat triln TTXH ciia tre thdng qua luyfn tgp, nhung phdng vin sau phy huynh ve vin dk thi thiy ring van cdn nhChig "Id hdng" nhgn thirc cin phai quan tam Phy huynh quan nifm ring "Giio dye gia dinh la ylu to quydt djnh sy phat triln TTXH cua trd" (DTB = 4,01) C6 tdi 90% phy huynh ddng y vdi nhgn djnh Kit qua phdng vin phy huynh cho thiy ring, theo quan nifm cua hg thi tre tir 6-11 tu6i cdn rit nhd, mgi vifc ddu ngudi ldn djnh hudng va chi bao ngn sv rgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM phat trign TTXH cua tre cung phy thudc vao vai trd cua giao due gia dinh Anh P.H, phy huynh em P.H.K ndi ring "Mgi thii lign quan dgn trg diu xuit phat tir gia dinh Khi tre dugc sinh va nudi dgy mdt gia dinh hgnh phiic thi nhan each va tri tuf cua tre se dugc phat tridn tdt" Trdn thyc tl, khdng the phii nhgn F dugc vai trd ciia giao dye gia dinh ddi vdi sy phat tridn nhan each ndi chung va tri tuf ndi ridng cua mdt diia tre Trudc tudi di hgc, diia trd sg chju anh hudng hoan toan bdi gia dinh, nhung din tudi di hgc thi ngoai sy tac dgng ciia gia dinh, tre cdn chju anh hudng cua thiy cd va bgn be d trudng hgc Khi diia trd hgc ban tni thi tre se cd khoang 1/3 thdi gian mdt d trudng va tham gia vao cac mdi quan hf tgi nha trudng Nhu vay, rd F F rang la gia dinh khdng cdn la ydu td "dgc tdn" cac mdi quan hf cua trd va gia dinh cung khdng thi la ylu td "quydt djnh" sy phat triln TTXH cua trd dugc Dilu cho thiy ring, phy huynh da qua dh cao vai trd ciia giao dye gia dinh din sy phat triln TTXH ciia trd ma qudn di nhumg tuong tac khac tir nha tnrdng, tir cac hogt ddng ciia trd Nhgn thirc ciia phy huynh vd anh hudng ciia nha trudng ddn sy phat tridn TTXH cua tre la diing din cho ring "Nha trudng cd vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi sy phat triln TTXH cua tre" (cd 87,5% phy huynh ddng y va DTB = 4,10) TTXH dugc hinh thdng qua qua trinh tre gia nhgp vao cac moi quan hf xa hdi Trong dd, d mdi trudng nha , trudng thi mdi quan hf chii ylu cua trd la Huynh Vdn San vdi giao vidn va bgn be ciing nhdm, cimg ldp hay ciing khdi Qua nhflmg sy tuomg tac nhu vgy, tre sd hgc dugc cac quy tic ling xir giua thiy - trd va giflra bgn be vdi Cimg vdi thdi gian, kha nang hgp tac lam vifc vdi ngudi khac cua trg sg dugc tang Ign ddng nghTa vdi vifc TTXH cua trd dugc phat triln Khi dl cgp din anh hudng cua hogt ddng ban than dira trd din sy phat triln TTXH, cd 73,3% phy huynh ddng y ring "Hogt ddng cua ban than dura trd quylt djnh sy phat triln TTXH cua nd" (DTB = 3,96) Nhgn thiic cua phu huynh la diing Diing trdn lap trudng ciia Tam li hgc hoat dgng thi tam li ngudi dugc hinh qua trinh ngudi thyc hifn F cac hogt ddng va gia nhgp vao cac mdi quan hf xa hgi Ddi vdi TTXH cung vgy nd chi dugc hinh va phat triln diia trd cd sy tuomg tac vdi ngudi khac Nhung dilu quan trgng chinh la sy chii ddng va mure tham gia ciia diia trd cac mdi quan hf dd Dilu se giai thich tgi cd nhinig dura trd sdng chung mdt gia dinh, thgm chi la song sinh, cimg di hgc mdt ldp vdi ciing giao vidn chu nhifm va bgn be nhung sy phat triln TTXH lgi khac Nhin chung, nhan thirc cua phy huynh vl sy phat triln TTXH cua trd tir 6-11 tudi la diing Phy huynh da nhan thiic dugc ring TTXH chi cd thi phat triln cimg vdi sy phat triln cac mdi quan hf xa hgi cua trd Tuy nhidn, dilu quan trgng khdng phai la sd lugmg cua cac mdi quan hf ma chinh la chit lugng hay sy chu ddng tham gia cua dira trd cac 63 Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM mdi quan hf dd Phy huynh da thiy dugc mdi lidn hf giflra d$c dilm thi chit vdi sy phat triln TTXH cua trd Mgt dira trd cd thi chit khod mgnh sg la dilu kifn thugn lgi cho sy phat trign tri tuf ndi chung va TTXH ndi rigng Bgn cgnh dd, cac bgc phy huynh cung dong y ring cd thi phat trign TTXH cua trg thdng qua vifc luyfn tgp cac bai tgp ren luyfn cy thi Bgn cgnh nhflmg digm tich cyc nhgn thirc cua phy huynh vl sy phat triln TTXH cua trg thi van cdn cd nhflmg dilu cin phai quan tam Cd tdi hon mgt nira sd phy huynh dugc khao sat (57%) cho ring TTXH la ylu to ty nhidn va nd sd ty phat triln ma khdng can phai cd bit cii sy can thifp hay tac ddng nao Nhan thiic cin phai dugc "dilu chinh" 2.2 Nhgn thirc cua phu huynh vi mirc dp dnh hu&ng cua cdc ddi tuptng khdc din suphdt triin TTXH cua tre tu 6-11 tudi O dg tudi tidu hgc, cac ddi tugng ma trd tilp xiic chu ydu la cac vidn gia dinh (dng, ba, cha, me, anh, chj, em, cd, di, chu, bac ), thiy cd, bgn be cimg ldp, ciing trudng Ngoai cdn cd nhflmg ddi tugng khac nhu nhumg ngudi hang xdm, nhflmg ngudi bgn cua cha me tre Tit ca nhimg ddi tugng dd tilp xuc, tuong tac vdi trd diu cd nhflmg sy tac ddng nhit djnh vl tam li, dl lgi cho trd nhflmg diu in timg mdi quan hf Qua mdi sy tuong tac nhu vgy, dira trd sd dan hgc hdi dugc nhflmg kinh nghifm quan hf img xir vdi ngudi khac, tiln tdi timg budc phat triln kha nang hoan nhflmg nhifm vy tuong tac 64 Sd 32 ndm 2011 vdi ngudi khac Bdn canh nhumg doi tugng khach quan dd, chinh ban than diia trd, ma cy the la hogt dgng cua chiing tuomg tac, tilp xiic vdi ngudi khac cd anh hudng to ldn doi vdi sy phat triln TTXH cua tre Kdt qua khao sat nhan thirc ciia phu huynh vl miic dg anh hudng ciia cac doi tugng din sy phat tridn TTXH ciia tre cho thay: phy huynh cho rang gia dinh co anh hudmg nhilu nhit (DTB = 4,39), thii hai la thiy cd (DTB = 3,90), thir ba la ban be (DTB = 3,58), thur tu la cac ca nhan khac ma tre tidp xiic ngoai gia dinh, thiy cd va bgn be (DTB = 3,59) va anh hudng it nhit la ban than trd (DTB = 2,91) Phy huynh cho ring gia dinh cd anh y F F » hudng nhidu nhat den sy phat trien TTXH cua trd (DTB = 4,39) Dd chinh la cha me, anh chj em hay dng ba gia dinh cua trd Tim iiidu sau vd quan niem ciia phy huynh, thiy ring, theo quan nifm ciia hg thi dira trd tir 6-11 tudi vin cdn nhd, mgi thiir ddu phy thudc vao nhumg ngudi ldn gia dinh, dgc biet la cha me, ndn duomg nhidn, gia dinh se cd anh hudmg nhilu nhit din sy phat triln TTXH cua trd Chj P.T.M, phu huynh em L.T.C chia sd "Theo tdi thay thi mgt dura trd cdn hgc tilu hgc se phu thugc hoan toan vao gia dinh Cha me la ngudi chi bao cho trd mgi dilu, tir chuyen F p an udng ddn each xung hd va iing xir vdi ngudi khac cho phai phep Didu dd se giiip cho tre bilt each chung song va hop tac vdi ngudi khac Nhu vay cd nghTa la TTXH cua tiQ dugc phat tridn" Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San Bdng Mirc dp dnh hu&ng cua cdc ddi tuprng khdc din sifphdt triin TTXH cua tre STT Doi tvgng DTB DLC Thii hang Gia dinh 4,39 0,74 I Thay co 4,12 0,84 Bgn be 3,90 0,91 Cac ca nhan khac ma trd tilp xiic ngoai gia dinh, thiy cd, bgn be 3,58 1,08 Ban than trd 2,91 1,57 (I - khdng anh hudmg, - anh hudng it, - anh hudmg vira phai, - anh hudng nhilu, - anh hudmg rit nhilu) Trong thyc tl, khdng thi phii nhgn vai trd ciia gia dinh ddi vdi sy phat tridn TTXH ciia tre Gia dinh chinh la ndn tang vflmg chac cho sy phat tridn nhan each cua tre ma nang lyc lgi la mgt F nhflmg thudc tinh ciia nhan each Gidng nhu each hiiu cua phy huynh, diia trd sd hgc hdi nhflmg dilu can ban nhit tir mdi trudng gia dinh, tir moi quan hf vdi cha me va nhflmg ngudi than Trong qua trinh tuomg tac do, se cd nhflmg nhifm vy ddi hdi tre phai thyc hifn nhu vifc phy giiip ngudi ldn dgn dep hay choi dh choi ciing vdi anh chj em Nhflmg hogt ddng chung sd giiip cho trd hidu va xac lap dugc vai trd, vj tri ciia minh ddi vdi ngudi khac Cd nhiing trudng hgp, cac bgc cha me quan nifm rang trd thi khdng can thidt phai lam bit cii vifc gi, chi cd nhifm vy la an, choi va din tudi di hgc thi chi cin tap tnmg hgc hanh Khi vl nha, trd khdng phai dyng tay vao bit cii vifc gi va cd khdng gian sinh hogt ridng dl cd thi thoai mai vdi "thi gidi" ciia chinh minh Nhflmg diia tre di hgc va tham gia vao nhflmg hogt dgng ddi hdi sy hgp tac lan sd thudng td "dudi siic" Nhu vgy, rd rang la gia dinh cd tac ddng, anh hudmg ldn din sy phat tridn TTXH ciia trd Tuy nhidn, sd khdng dii co sd dl khing dinh ring gia dinh cd tac ddng ldn nhit so vdi cac ddi tugng khac Theo quan dilm ciia phy huynh thi thiy cd la nhflmg ngudi cd anh hudng nhilu din sy phat triln TTXH cua dira trd, diing thii hai so vdi cac ddi tugng khac Ddi vdi hgc sinh tilu hgc, ngoai thdi gian d gia dinh thi phin ldn thdi gian F ciia trd la d nha trudng, rihat la ddi vdi nhimg trd hgc ban tni va dgc bift la hgc ngi tni So vdi cac bgc hgc thi d bgc tilu hgc, giao vign chii nhifm la ngudi dgy rit nhilu mdn ndn cd thdi gian gin gui, sau sat va quan tam den hgc sinh Do vgy, vifc diia trd chiu anh hudng tir giao vidn cung la dilu de hiiu Qua mdi budi ldn ldp, trd se dugc dgy nhflmg 65 S6 32 ndm 2011 Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM kiln thirc khoa hgc va ca nhflmg khudn phep giao tilp, img xii phii hgp, giiip cho trd phat triln tri tuf va nang lyc lam vifc ciing vdi ngudi khac hay ndi each khac la TTXH cua trd dugc phat triln hom Thyc tl thi giao vidn, nhit la giao vidn nhflmg nam diu di hgc ciia tre cd anh hudng nhilu din sy phat triln TTXH cua tre Cd nhflmg giao vidn trd hinh mau ciia trd dh trd noi theo va hgc hdi Khi dd, mgi ldi ndi, hanh dgng ciia giao vidn diu tac dgng ldn tam li, tinh cam ciia trd Nhan each va tri tuf ciia trd sg dugc phat triln cimg vdi qua trinh hgc tap, dudi sy din dit, djnh hudng cua giao vign Bgn be cd anh hudng thii ba tdi sy phat triln TTXH cua tre (DTB = 3,90) Theo each higu cua phy huynh thi ddi vdi cai hg, d tudi hgc sinh tilu hgc trd da cd nhflmg ngudi bgn ciing ldp hoac cimg trudng hay bgn bd sinh hogt chung cac cau lgc bg ddi nhdm Trong qua trinh tilp xiic, sinh hogt chung vdi bgn be, dura trd sg hgc hdi dugc nhilu digu, dd cd ca kT nang lam vifc chung vdi ngudi khac Thdng qua nhihig nhifm vy hgc tap hay nhflmg hogt dgng nhdm, dl cd thi lam trdn "vai" cua minh, ddi hdi tre phai bilt dung hda, hgp tac vdi ngudi khac qua trinh thyc hifn nhifm vy Qua nhflmg dilu dd, nang lyc thyc hifn cac hogt dgng ddi hdi cd sy tuong tac vdi ngudi khac ciia dira trd dugc tang ldn va cung chinh la TTXH cua tre dugc phat triln Suy nghT vl vin dl nay, chj L.T, phy huynh em P.H.M d trudng Phudc Binh cho ring "Con trai tdi nam hgc ldp Tdi thiy chau cd kha nhilu ngudi bgn d ldp Chau cung tham 66 gia vao cau lgc bg v6 thugt thilu nhi d nha van hda quan Thii Dure ndn cung co bgn ciing cau lgc bd nflra Tir chau cd nhilu bgn, tdi thiy chau cd ve lanh lgi hin Tdi nghT ring ban be cd anh hudmg nhilu din chau, giiip cho chau trudmg hon va tri tuf cflng phat triln hom" Quan sat thyc tl cung ghi nhan dugc nhflmg didu tuomg ty Nhiing hgc sinh cd nhieu bgn, hda ddng vdi ban be thudng la nhiing trd lanh lgi va dat tich cao hgc tap Nhflmg dira trd cd tinh thin hgp tac tot lam vifc chung vdi ngudi khac cung ddng nghTa vdi vifc TTXH ciia chiing d miic cao Tuy vgy, khdng phai diia tre nao va khdng phai luc nao tre cung chju anh \ ^ ^ F hudng nhidu tir ban be Ddi vdi nhung tre cd xu hudng khep kin, nggi giao tilp thi trd it chju anh hudng tir phia bgn be, va nhu vay, sy phat triln TTXH ciia nhimg trd khdng hoac it chiu anh hudng tir bgn be Khi danh gia vl miic dg anh hudng cua nhimg ddi tugng khac ngoai gia dinh, thiy cd, bgn be ma trd tilp xiic, phu huynh cho rang cd anh hudmg d miic tren tnmg binh (DTB = 3,58) ddn sy phat triln TTXH cua trd Dd cd thi la nhirng ngudi hang xdm cua trd, nhflmg ngucri bgn be, ddng nghifp ciia cha me tre hay ban be cua nhiing ngudi than gia dinh Xet vl mirc dg than thilt cung nhu sd lugng cac lin tilp xiic giura trg vdi nhflmg ddi tugng thudng thi sg khdng bing gia dinh, thiy cd va bgn be, nhung cung se cd nhiing tac dgng va anh hudng nhit djnh ddi vdi trd Anh N.H.N, phu huynh cua em N.H.K.H d Trudng Tiiu Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San F hgc Nguydn Som Ha cho bilt "Hang nam, dd, thay mgi ngudi td than thifn ndn cdng ti tdi diu td chirc cho nhan vidn va chau quen din Nhung lin sau nay, gia dinh cua hg di du ljch Nhflmg lin nhu thudng thi doan di cd ca tram ngudi thi, tdi diu cho vg va cd gai tudi di nhung gai tdi td rit ty tin trudc ciing Nhflmg lin diu mdi di, chua mgi ngudi" quen ndn chau kha nhut nhat Nhung sau Biiu Muc dp dnh hu&ng cua cdc ddi tuptng din suphdt triin TTXH cua tre tu 6-11 tudi T h i y o« Gia dinh Mdt digu dang quan tam nhan thiic ciia phy huynh vl miic anh hudng cua cac ddi tugng khac ddn sy phat triln TTXH cua trd dd la, phy huynh cho rang ban than diia trd chi cd tac dgng d miic "vira phai" vdi DTB = 2,91 Sd khdng thg phii nhgn dugc vai trd cua rihimg ca nhan bgn ngoai ddi vdi sy phat triln TTXH ciia trd nhung ylu td ddng vai trd quylt djnh phai la ban than diia tre Mgt diia tre cd thg cd nhilu mdi quan hf vdi nhilu ngudi khac nhung ngu nhflmg moi quan hf dd chi dimg lgi d miic "xa giao" hogc khdng cd sy than thilt thi nd cung khdng anh hudng nhilu din sy phat triln nhan each cung nhu TTXH ciia dira trd Ngugc lai, F t t F CO nhiing diia trd cd thd cd it mdi quan hf Bfin bA O&l t i r i n g KhAo BAn t h a n t r * vdi ngudi khac hon nhung nhflmg mdi ^ F quan hf cd "chidu sau" va thyc chat thi lgi cd anh hudng nhilu din sy phat tridn tri tuf ciia trd Trong nhiing mdi quan hf dd, diia trd thudng thi hifn sy chii dgng va tich cyc tham gia cimg vdi ngudi khac cac hogt dgng chung Cd nhu vgy, trd mdi cd thi ITnh hf i dugc kinh nghifm va each thiic phdi hgp lam vifc vdi ngudi khac mgt each hifu qua, Ket luan Tdm lgi, nhgn thiic cua phy huynh vl sy phat triln TTXH ciia trd tir 6-11 tudi d miic trung binh Cac bgc phy huynh da hiiu dugc vai trd quan trgng cua gia dinh, thiy cd, ban be va nhihig ddi tugng ma trd tilp xiic ddi vdi sy phat triln TTXH cua tre Day la mgt tin hifu 67 Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM kha tich cyc cho thiy phy huynh thufc miu nghign cim cd quan tam din vin dh giao dye cai, phat triln tri tuf va TTXH cho trg Theo phy huynh thi gia dinh cd anh hudng nhilu nhit, sau dd la din thiy cd, bgn bd roi din cac doi tugng khac Tuy nhidn, phy huynh chua danh gia diing vai trd ciia ban than trd d6i vdi S6 32 ndm 2011 sy phat triln TTXH cua chung cho ring ban than trd chi cd anh hudng vira phai anh hudng it hon so vdi cdc dii tugng khac Di^u chimg td phy huynh da chua nhin nhgn diing din vai trd cfla ban than tre, ma cy the la hoat dfng cua chiing doi vdi sy phat triln TTXH Ghi chu: Bdi bdo trich tic kit qud nghien cuu di tdi: Nhpn thiirc ve TTXH vd cdc bifn phdp phdt triin TTXH cho tre tie 6-11 tudi ciia phu huynh trin dia bdn TPHCM, md sd CS 2011.19.01.DA TS Huynh Vdn San vd cdc cpng s{c thue hifn dd nghifm thu ngdy 7-9-2011 THAM KHAO Phan Trpng Ngp (chii bign) (2001), Tdm li hgc tri tuf, Nxb Dgi hgc Quoc gia Uk Ndi Huynh Van Son (2003), Nghidn cim mire dp tri tuf cua trd mau giao 5-6 tuoi, Lugn dn Tiin sT Tdm li hgc, Vifn Khoa hpc Giao dye Daniel Goleman (1997), Emontional Intelligence in Context, Published by Basic Books, A member of the perseus Books Group Daniel Goleman (2002), Tri tuf xue cdm, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi Ha Npi Daniel Goleman (2007), Tri tuf xuc cdm - icng dung cdng vifc, Nxb Tri thirc, HaNfi TAI L I $ U I (Ngdy Ida so^n nh$n Owgc bdi: 13-9-2011; ngdy chip nh$n dSng: 22-10-2011) 68 ... cua phy huynh cd tir 6- 11 tudi trdn dja ban TPHCM vl sy phat triln TTXH cua 58 S6 32 ndm 2 011 tre tir 6- 11 tudi chiing tdi tidn hanh nghign cim vdi 400 phy huynh tai TPHCM, gom 245 phy huynh d... thirc ciia phy huynh vl sy phat triln TTXH cua trd tir 6- 11 tudi thi hifn nhu sau: 2.1 Nhgn thurc cua phu huynh vi sir phdt triin TTXH cua tre tu- 6- 11 tudi Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San... phdt triin TTXH cho tre tie 6- 11 tudi ciia phu huynh trin dia bdn TPHCM, md sd CS 2 011. 19.01.DA TS Huynh Vdn San vd cdc cpng s{c thue hifn dd nghifm thu ngdy 7-9-2 011 THAM KHAO Phan Trpng Ngp