HUPNG PAN QUAN LV strpuNG II QUY TRJNH THIET KE CONG CU THU NHAN THONG TIN PHAN HOI TRONG DAY HOC MON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC SINH HOC Pham Dinh Vin TrUdng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp 1 Dat vande Trong qua trinh dg[.]
HUPNG PAN QUAN LV strpuNG- II QUY TRJNH THIET KE CONG CU THU NHAN THONG TIN PHAN HOI TRONG DAY HOC MON PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC SINH HOC Pham Dinh Vin TrUdng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp Dat vande Trong qua trinh dgy hpc, thdng tin phin hoi (TTPH) dfldc hieu li nhflng thdng tin thu nhin tfl ngfldi hpc cd tie dpng trd lgi ddi vdi ei ehinh ngfldi hpc vi ngfldi dgy lim chp qui trinh dgy hpe ngiy cing hifu qui hdn TTPH ve ket qui hpe tgp, li nhflng thdng tin phin inh mfle dp linh hdi tri thfle cua ngfldi hpc qua eie hogt ddng hpe tip nham dieu khien vi tfl dieu khien qua trinh dgy hpe TTPH hdi giflp giao vien (GV) dinh gii dung mfle dp nhin thfle eua sinh vien (SV) tgi cic thdi diem nhat dinh qui trinh hpc tip, hieu rd hp da dgt dflgfc nhflng gi, dieu gi cdn thieu, sai sdt can sfla chfla, bd sung Cdng cy thu nhin TTPH day hpc la cac cdng cy sfl dung de khai thie, thu thip vi Ifldng gii thdng tin ve ket qui hpe tip eua ngfldi hpe Nd ed chflc nang cO bin: Thu nhin thdng tin va dinh gii thdng tin Cdng cy thu nhin TTPH ve ket qui hpc tap cua ngfldi hpc phd bien la cac eau hdi, bii tip, bing quan sit, bang hdi dflgfc sfl dung sudt qua trinh dgy hpe Quy trinh thiet ke cdng cy thu nhan TTPH dgy hpc PPDH Sinh hpc d Dgi hpc Sfl pham a Xdc dinh muc tieu bdi hgc Mye tieu hpe tip chinh la ket qui mong ddi cua ngUdi hpe dgt d\igc sau mpt qui trinh hpe tip Mye tieu hpc tip li can efl de GV phin tieh ndi dung dgy hpe, tfl dd thiet ke edng cy dgy hpc vi thy nhin TTPH hifu qui, nham chfl ddng dieu khien SV di tdi dieh eudi cung qui trinh hpc De xie dinh mye tieu hpc tip GV can can efl vio: Mue tieu ehung cua chflong trinh dio tgo giio vien mdn Sinh hpe bic THPT ip dung cho ed sd dio tgo; Mye tieu chung cua tflng mdn hpc eu the bp mdn d ed sd dio tgo bien sogn Cic bflde tien hinh: Tfl eae can cfl tren GV xie djnh mye tieu chung eua chfldng -> xie djnh mye tieu cy the efla bai hpe Mye tieu hpe tip phii thdng nhat tfl mye tieu cua chfldng trinh dio tgo den mye tieu cua tflng bii hpe eu the Mfle dp chi tiet cua eie mye tieu tang dan tfl mye tify chfldng trinh den mye tieu eua mpt bai hpe Mye tify can dUdc xie djnh day du ci loai: Kien thfle, ki nang vi thai dp b Phdn tich cdu true ndi dung bdi hgc Di phin tieh eau true npi dung can can cfl vio: mye tieu cy the eua tflng bii hpc vi npi dung cua mdn hpc, ehUdng, bai cy the Cic bflde tien hinh phin tieh eau true ndi dung eua mdt bii hpe: Nghien cflu mye tieu, ndi dung bai hpc, xie djnh cic ndi dung kien thfle ed bin, cdt ldi eua bii hpe, gdm: cic sfl kifn, khii nifm, qui trinh, quy luit - Sip xep cic ndi dung tren theo trit tfl logic cua bii hpc Nghien cflu vi xie dinh cac npi dung da hpc cd Uen quan den npi dung cua bii hpe mdi Nhflng ndi dung niy da dUde hpe tfl cic mdn hpe khic (tim li, giio dye hpc ) hogc di hpc d cic bii, cic chflOng trfldc cua mdn hpe c Xdy dUng bd cdng cu thu nhgn thdng tin phdn hoi TTPH thu dflp'e tfl nhieu kenh khic nhfl: qua quan m^ bdi ngdy 1/2/2012 TAP CHi THIFT BI GIAO D^C - S6 78 - 2/2012 • 31 II HU^ONG D A N O U A N LY S,a DUNG Vidu muc tieu: Truth hay diid'c cdch tien hdnh cda PPBDTNMuc/logi/diem 1/Xuat sac/4 dicm 2/Gidi/3.5diem 3/Khi/3diem 4/TBK/2.5dicm 5^^3/2 diem 6/Yeu/1.5di(}m 7/Kem/l diem 8/KDG/O diem TTBP Tieu chi Trinh bay dupc Ihu ty eac budc ticn hinh, phan tich sau tung budc vi phan bift cac budc lien hanh cua PP BDTN- TBTH Trinh bay dudc thu ty cac budc ticn hanh, phan tich dudc tung budc, chua phan bift dupc vdi cac budc tien hanh cua PP BDTN- TBTH Trinh bay dupc thu ty eac budc ticn hanh ciia PP BDTN - TBTH, phan tich dupc tung budc nhung chua day du Trinh bay dugc thu ty cac budc ticn hanh, phan tich tung budc cdn so sii vi sai mpt sd chd Trinh bay dupc thu ty cac budc tien hinh cua PP BDTN - TBTH Chua phan tich dupc npi dung cy the ciia tung budc I rinh bay dupc cac budc lien hanh cua PP BDTN - TBTH, nhung thu ty chua diing hoic thieu Trinh biy dupc mpt so budc, sip xep cdn Ipn xpn vi cdn nham lan vdi PP BDTN-TBTH Hoin toan chua xac dinh dupc cac budc tien hinh cua PP BDTN -TTBP * sit, qua eie sin pham HDHT cua HS, qua cic bii kiem tra Ve nguyen tic edng cy thu nhgn thdng tin phii huy dpng, kich hoat lim bpe Ip tdi da sin pham tri thfle cua HS Khi thiet ke bp cdng cy thu nhgn TTPH can can cfl vio mye tieu eua bii hpe, cau true npi dung vi thdi diem thu nhin TTPH Cdng cy thy nhgn TTPH trfldc dgy: + Cdng cy thu nhgn TTPH ve kien thfle, ki ning di hpc cd Uen quan den bii mdi Thiet ke eie ciu hdi, bii tgp, xiy dflng bii kiem tra, kiem tra mfle dp nhd, hieu eac kien thfle di hpe + Cdng cy thu nhgn ve mfle dp nh|n thfle ve kien thfle, ki nang, thai dO cua bii hpc mdi => Thiet ke cdng cfl giup ngfldi hpe tfl dinh gia cic muc tieu cua bii hpe mdi Bdng Cdng cy thy nhin TTPH dgy: Cdng cy vfla td ehfle dgy hpc vfla thu nhin TTPH ve eie kien thfle, ki nang, thii dp eua bii mdi Thiet ke bp edng eu phii dip flng dfldc chflc nang: (1) Lim chd ngfldi hpe bpe Ip tdi da sin pham tri thfle eua hp (2) Dinh gii dflde mfle dp hieu, tiep thu kien thfle mdi eua ngfldi hpc + Thiet ke ciu hdi, bii tgp td chflc dgy hpc vi thu nhgn TTPH ve kien thfle ki ning cua ngfldi hpc + Thiet ke bing quan sat de thu nhin TTPH ve thii dp hpc tgp cua ngfldi hpe Cdng cy thu nhin TTPH sau dgy: Thu nhin TTPH ve cac kien thfle, ki nang, thai dp di hpc cua bii mdi + Thiet ke ciu hdi, bii tip => xay dflng bai kiem tra => kiem tra mfle dp nhgn thfle cua ngfldi hpc ve cic kien thfle, ki nang cua bii mdi + Thiet ke bing hdi => thu DiAm 40 3.6 30 L ^.J 25 20 ••-••• • 16 1.0 0.6 00 j i e (5 MMC tieu BUU da mite df dft dbffK c&a rmfc tiiu bdi hpc truirc vd sau hgc (Gfai chU: •: Kl hi$u difim d^tdupc trurdt h9c; • Ki hi$u di£m d^tdtrpic sau hpc) 32 • TAP CHi rm^BIGlAODMC-Sd 78-2/2012 HU-OfNG D A N nhin TTPH ve mfle dp hinh thii dp hpc tip eua bii hpe mdi Mdt sd vi dy minh hpa ve edng cu thu nhin thdng tin phin hdi: VI d u l : Bii tip tfl dinh gii mye tieu trfldc vi sau dgy: Trfldc hpe bai Cic PP bieu dien thi nghifm (Chfldng mdn LLSfPPDH Sinh hpc), de giup SV tfl dinh gii d\i(;fc mfle dp nhgn thfle ve eie mye tify cua bii hpe mdi, GV giao bai tgp sau: Cho biet mye tieu eua bii hpe mdi: Sau hpe xong bii nay, SV phii: + Trinh biy dflde cich tien hinh cua phfldng phip bieu dien thi nghifm (PPBDTN) tim tdi bd phin (TTBP) + Phin bift dfldc PP BDTN- TTBP vi BNTN thdng bio tii hifn (TBTH) + Trinh biy dfldc flu nhflgfc TT diem eua hai PPBDTN Sfl dyng bing tieu ehi sau de tfl danh gii mye tieu bii hpe (xem bing 1) a Hiy xie djnh eie mye tieu ci nhin: Ngoai cic mye tieu tren, em eim thay bin thin minh can dgt cic mye tieu nham phye vu cho qui trinh hpe tap cung nhfl nghe nghifp sau niy cua minh tdt hdn (SV cd the xie djnh them cic mye tieu nhfl: Tdi mudn biet thi nghifm li gi, ) b Hiy tfl dinh gia mfle dp d i dgt dugc cua cic mye tieu bii hpc trfldc hpc? (xem bing 2) Mye tieu Diem Truac khihoc Sau hoc Bdng Q U A N LV, S I ) II DUNG c Hiy ve bieu mfle dp dgt dfldc mue tieu trfldc vi sau hpc? Vi du Bai tip tinh hudng de thu nhan TTPH ve ki nang: Khi day mye I Axit Deoxiribonueleic (Bii Axit Nucleic, Sinh hpc 10, ban Cd bin), cd GV lfla chpn phfldng phap khac nhau: + GV A ehpn phfldng phap dim thogi - TTBP + GV B ehpn phfldng phip bieu dien tranh - TTBP Theo em GV nio lfla ehpn phfl hdp hdn? Hiy giii thieh? Vi dy Bing hdi de thu nhin TTPH ve thii dp: TrUde dgy bii: "Cic PP nhdm trfle quan", GV test SV qua bing hdi sau: Hiy tick vio eie d trdng sau eie phfldng in m i bgn lfla chpn ve cic PP nhdm trfle quan dgy hpe Sinh hpe (xem bing 3) Cac phuang an lua chgn Vande •/y/- Nhan thuc rSn cac phuang phap true quan rat quan trong day hgc Sinh hpc d tnrcmg PT Toi rat co y thuc nghien cuu, tap van dung cac PP true quan qua trinh hpc tap • ? X XX Bdng TT Ho ten SV C6 Co o> Daydu Thai dp tap giang Chuan bj PPTQ Chuan bj GA Scsai OQ Tot ChUa tot Bdng a Binh Hang say thUcfng Nham chan Thdi gian/ dia diem OQ (Xem tiep trang 41) TAP CHi THIEF BI GIAO DUC - S6 78 - 2/2012 • 33 DIEN O A N 12 tudi, ngudi thfl hai li 31 tudi vi ngfldi thfl nhat li 72 Practice makes pefect! (Luyfn tip se tgo sfl hoin hao!) cd le la phfldng chim tdt cua mdn toin Rat nhieu cic vi dy cic sich toin bdi dudng vi cic de thi hpc sinh gidi cd the sfl dyng cic phep phin tich nhu trfn de dan den nhflng ldi giai thich hdp cho hpc sinh tieu hpc Chung tdi cho rang neu dflpc bdi dUdng ky nang phin tich niy cung nhU mdt sd ky nang dgy toin tieh cflc khic chac chin eie gid dgy hpe mdn toin d cic trfldng tieu hpc se hap dan cic em hpc sinh (xem them d Tri(2011)) Rd ring vdi nhflng cich phin tich vi lgp lugn Id-gic hpc sinh tieu hpc se ed cd hpi ren luyfn vi ning eao nang tU sau hpc nhflng bii giing nhfl vgy Tai lifu tham kliao Dd & Le (2003); Dd Trung Hifu vi Le Tien Thinh, Tuyen tip De thi Hpc sinh gidi bgc Tieu hpc mdn Toan, Nhi xuat bdn Giiodyc(2003) Dd(1998); Dd Trung Hifu, Cic bii toin dien hinh ldp 4-5, Nhi xuat bin Giao dvc(1998) 3.Le8cHoing(2011);LeTien Thinh vi Hoing Mai Le, Dgy hpc mdn Toin d Tieu hpc: Thfle trgng vi Giii phip, Tgp chi Giao dye, Sd 269(ky 1-9/2011), Tr 41-42 Tri(2011); Tg Ngpc Tri, Thiet ke cic bii toan nhd de dgy hpc sinh tieu hpc gidi mpt bii toin, Tgp chi Dgy hpc Ngiy (07/2011), tr 24-26 Tri(10/2011); Tg Ngpc Tri, Mpt sd bifn phap thfle hifn phfldng phip dgy hpc tich cflc dgy toan cho hpc sinh tieu hpc, Bii viet dang gfli ding II Summary Students teachers and teachers are familiar with the method of using unknowns to establish equations to solve mathematics problems, called the equation solution' here However this kind of solutions is not accepted at primary school level That is why student teachers and teachers sometimes meet challenges when teaching mathematics for primary school children This paper shows some examples and then suggests some ways of using the equation solution to obtain the solution to be able to teach primary school children The paper also gives suggestions of when and how to foster these skills to help the implementation of active teaching and active learning at primary school mathematics teaching niiiuiniiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinMiiiiiiiinMiiiiiMM QUY TRiNH THIET KE CONG CU mp,heotrang33) Ghi chfl: / / : rat ddng y; Bii viet niy ehung tdi de cap Ndi (NgUdi djeh: Nguyen Hflu / ddng y; ?: khdng chac chan; quy trinh thiet ke bd cdng cy Chiu), 2011 Vice-Principal, Universty of ^: khdng ddng y; ^x: rat khdng giflp GV ed the thu nhin dflde TTPH ve ket qui hpe tip eua standrews feedback on teaching: ddngy Vi du Bang quan sat de SV, qua dd dieu khien QTDH Student questionaires and peer observation of teaching Approved thu thgp TTPH ve thai dp (xem dgt ket qui tdi flu nhat by Academic Council, 2004 bing 4): Bing quan sat ve thai Abstract: Feedback is a very Tii lifu tham khao dp chuan bj giao in, phfldng Robert J M, Debra J P, Jane important role for improving tifn trfle quan va tap giang E P, Cic phfldng phip dgy hpc learning outcomes To collect it, Ket lu^n teachers need to have the tools This Nhd TTPH m i GV ed the hifu qui, NXB GD, TP Hd Chi paper refers to the process design de cic bifn phip tie dpng Minh, (NgUdi djeh Hdng Lgc), tool receiving feedback in teaching hifu qua vao cic hogt dpng hpc 2005 Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh, Danh the teaching biology method at tgp cua SV, ddng thdi SV cung gii va Ifldng ket qui hpc tip, the University of Pedagogy This tfl dieu chinh vifc hpc tap efla process includes three steps: NXB Dgi hpc SU phgm Hi Npi, mmh cho dgt dflgfc ket qua 1) Determining the goal(s) of 2009 cao nhat De lim dflgfc dieu learning; 2) Analyzing the contents Robert J Marzano, Nghf dd, GV can phai biet thiet ke of learning; 3) Designing the kit to thuit vi khoa hpc dgy hpe, collect the feedback information bp cdng cy thu nhan TTPH NXB Giio dye Vift Nam, Hi TAP CHi THIET BF GIAO our-S6 78-Z/2012 • 41 ... trfle quan dgy hpe Sinh hpe (xem bing 3) Cac phuang an lua chgn Vande •/y/- Nhan thuc rSn cac phuang phap true quan rat quan trong day hgc Sinh hpc d tnrcmg PT Toi rat co y thuc nghien cuu, tap... mfle dp hieu, tiep thu kien thfle mdi eua ngfldi hpc + Thiet ke ciu hdi, bii tgp td chflc dgy hpc vi thu nhgn TTPH ve kien thfle ki ning cua ngfldi hpc + Thiet ke bing quan sat de thu nhin TTPH ve... minh hpa ve edng cu thu nhin thdng tin phin hdi: VI d u l : Bii tip tfl dinh gii mye tieu trfldc vi sau dgy: Trfldc hpe bai Cic PP bieu dien thi nghifm (Chfldng mdn LLSfPPDH Sinh hpc), de giup