Van de dao tao tri/c tuyen ci Xingapo va mot vai gdi y doi v6i Viet Nam NGUYEN V A N HUNG* Dao tao true tuyen (hay cdn gpi Id e thue day Xingapo trd thanh mdt trung learning) Id mdt thuat ngQ xud''''t ta[.]
Van de dao tao tri/c tuyen ci Xingapo va mot vai gdi y doi v6i Viet Nam NGUYEN V A N HUNG* D ao tao true tuyen (hay cdn gpi Id e- thue day Xingapo trd mdt trung learning) Id mdt thuat ngQ xud't tam ke't ndi vl dao tao trilc tuye'n (hub ehien tu nhQng nam 90 eua the ky trQdc learning) khu vUc chau A Thai ddng hanh eung sU phat trie'n eua may Binh DUdng Cac nhd lanh dao qudc gia tinh, mang, edng nghe viin thdng E- xae dinh e-learning sd giup tao learning la phQdng thQc hpc ao thdng qua mdt liie lUdng nhan edng ddng dao cd ky mdt ndi mang ddl vdi mdt may ehu d ndi ndng d Xingapo rat cin thie't eho sil phat khae cd lUu giQ sin va phln mim ein trid'n kinh te bin vQng cila quoc gia , , thiet de ed the hdi/yeu elu/ra di eho hoe ^ -^' v^ V » ' J w Ung dung va phat trien e-learning tf trilc tuyen tQ xa Xingapo dang eo dQde & & io mdt sQ tdng trQdng nhanh chdng ve e^ ^ learning, ude tinh thi trUdng e-learning Vdi ldi the sin ed, Xingapo la mdt nam 2011 vao khoang 0,7 ty USD - mdt nhQng qudc gia tien phong vide Qng eon so' cho tha'y mdt thi trUdng diy hQa dung e-learning vao dao tao va phat trien hen cua khu vile chau A Cd sd ting ngUdi Dilu xuat phat tQ diy du, sU tie'n bp nhanh chdng eua linh nguyen nhan cd ban: Thd nhdt, e-learnvilc thdng tin truyin thdng, qua trinh ing cho phdp nhieu ngUdi hdn tie'p can vdi toan clu hda vd sil thay dd'i cd ed'u giao due mpt each thudn tien, tdng cQdng nhan khau, nhu clu dang tdng vl cdng va ciing cd' ky ndng cua ngQdi thdng nhan tri thQc, eae ngudn iQc thue ngodi va qua tich luy kien thQc Thd hai, e-learnnhQng bidn phap kich thich cua ehinh ing cd the day manh chuyen giao cdng phu la nhQng nhan to' chinh tac dpng tdi nghd tQ nhQng quoc gia ky thuat tien tid'n sQ tdng trQdng cua e-learning b Xingapo tdi Xingapo thdng qua dau tQ trilc tid'p Cae Cd quan, td chQc giao due Xingapo da nQdc ngoai vao linh vQc thong tin, truyin trien khai dp dung eac he thd'ng, md hinh thdng Thd ba, chi phi re hdn tQdng ddl quan ly giao due hidn dai gdp phln tao cua e-learning lam tang hieu qua dau tQ mdi trUdng hpc tap hieu qua hdn Chinh ^a hpi gid'ng nhU giam chi phi san xua't phu Xingapo cung dUa nhilu chinh cila nen kinh te qud'c gia saeh vl edng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) de Dot vdi cdc doanh nghiip Nguyen Van Hung, Hoc vien cao hoc Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc dan Nguyen Vdn Hifng Vdn de ddo tgo tnfc tuyen a Xingapo NhQng ldi the' cua e-Iearning da co nhQng tac ddng anh hudng nha't dinh tdi cae doanh nghiep, cdng ty tai Xingapo Cd tdi 71% sd' doanh nghiep Xingapo nhan tha'y e-learning hieu qua hdn dao tao theo kieu truyen thd'ng, cd the' giup hp trie'n khai vide ddo tao nhanh hdn va ndi dung dao tao de'n dupe vdi nhilu ngUdi hdn Dae biet, vide ap dung e-learning da giup eac doanh nghiep tie't kiem chi phf dao tao, gdp p h l n tang nang sud't lao ddng va giup ngUdi lao ddng tich luy dUdc nhilu hdn nhQng ldi fch quan trpng nhat md elearning dem lai cho cac doanb nghiep, cdng ty Xingapo Vi the, cac cdng ty Xingapo da chi trung binh 20-25% ngan sach dao tao cua ho vao e-learning Nhilu doanh nghiep da 'chuye'n sang dao tao blng e-Iearning va hudng nhQng ldi ieh ed dQde tQ dd Vi du nhu Cisco System d Xingapo da Qng dung cd'ng thdng tin dao tao gpi la Partner E-learning Connection (PEC) cung cap chUdng trinh dao tao ea the hda de'n tQng nhan vien eua eae edng ty ddl tac, giup eho eac ddl tac eua Cisco tie't kiem hang trieu USD mdi nam Hay nhQ Citibank Xingapo, mdt nhQng cdng ty tien phong trie'n khai e-learning vao nhQng nam 2000 va tdi cuol nam 2009, da cd tdi 56% cdng tac dao tao cua Citibank dQde quan tri qua mang, giup ngUdi lao dpng cd the' truy cap mpi thdi diem vdi ndi dung dao tao hnh boat va thoai mai Phdng Quan ly nhan sU eua Citibank Ude tinh ehi phi cho e-learning ehi chie'm 6% td'ng ehi phi cua ddo tao truyen thd'ng Ben canh do, e-learning eung giup thu hut cae ngudn vd'n dau tU trilc tid'p nQdc ngoai vao Xingapo thdng qua chuyen giao cdng nghd tQ nhQng n i n kinh te tri thQe khac Nhieu cdng ty nQdc ngoai da d i u tQ manh vao thi trQdng e-learning dang 73 bung nd tai Xingapo Lien minh Cdng nghe Xingapo dU doan r i n g thi trUdng elearning d Xingapo se cham mQc 600 trieu USD va ngUdi dung se ehi tra khoang 200 trieu USD nam 2011 Hpe vien PSB cua Xingapo da ky ket vdi ddl tac UK eUniversity eua Anh de' eung cap cac chQng chi triic tuye'n tQ cac dai hpe vUdng quoc Anh Hang Sun Micro System cung dau tu 5,6 trieu bang eho dil an UK eUniversity de phat trien mpt nen tang elearning manh va hien dai NhQng dU an ^^y ^ a n g lai nhieu ed hpi va thach thQc, q^^ (j5 tao dUdc nhilu edng an viec lam hdn cho n i n kinh te Xingapo Ddi vdi he thdng gido due He thd'ng quan ly giao due, eac trUdng hpe Xingapo tQ phd thdng de'n dai hpe diu ^ng dung edng nghe e-learning Cd tdi 70% hpc sinh eho r i n g edng nghe da ginp ho tang dQde lUdng kie'n thQe tid'p thu vd cam tha'y hQng thu hdn vide hpc Bd Giao due Xingapo da trien khai be thd'ng quan ly dao tao trilc tuye'n (System Management E learning) tren toan qud'c, dUdc nhilu trUdng hudng Qng va da dat dQde nhieu ke't qua 75% trQdng hpc sQ dung he thd'ng cho bie't chi phi dao tao da giam tQ 50 - 80 dd la Xingapo xud'ng edn 20 - 50 dd la (nam 2009) Ba trUdng dai hpe edng nd'i tie'ng eua Xingapo (Dai hpe qud'e gia Xingapo -NUS, Dai hpe ky thuat Nanyang - NTU va Dai hpc quan ly Singaporre SMU), dUde ehinh phu quan tam dau tU ve giao due chd't lUdng cao, diu nghien cQu vd phat trien ehUdng trinh quan ly, edng cu giang day trilc tuye'n cua rieng minh NUS phat trie'n he thd'ng Mdi trQdng hpe ao tich hdp (Intergrated Virtual Learning Environment) - mdt edng eu trilc tuyen giup giang vien ed the' eung cap nhQng tQ Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A 12/2011 74 lieu khoa hoc de dAng vA nhanh chdng, sinh vien cd the truy cap mpi mii, mpc luc nhQng dien dAn, nhQng chat-room, nhQng bAi giang audio, video DAy IA mdt hp thd'ng quan ly giAo due manh nhat cua trudng CO kha nang tifdng t.Ac cao dUdc thiel ke vA xAy dUng Ixii trung tam CIT cua (rudng NTU cung xAy dUng mol he Ihong e-learning co len edveNTUr(> vdi nuic dau I if trieu dd la Xingapo Co tdi 90"o cac khoa hpc cua I rifong dUdc nid trilc luydn cho hoc vidn nham hUdng tdi muc lieu ca the hoa (^-learning de tao dUdc mdt moi triHing hoc tap giQa sinh vien vdi giao su' tUdng tAc hdn Vai fro cda chinh phd Xingapo tu rat sdm da y thQe dQde viec tao mdi trUdng thuan ldi v l Qng dung va phat trien e-learning de tao dilu kien cho vide nang eao nang lUe canh tranh qud'e gia Dieu dUdc the hien qua viec chfnh phu Xingapo da ban hanh nhilu ehinh sach va bien phap, ea trilc tiep va gian tie'p, de thue day sU phat trien elearning, trUde he't la cac chinh sach v l phat trie'n CNTT Cu thd': Thile hien muc tieu qud'c gia Id phat trien Xingapo trd thdnh mdt trung tam ke't ndi truyen thdng khu vile va phat trien mdt lilc lUdng lao dpng cd sQc eanh tranh toan clu, giQ vQng da tdng trQdng cao, ehinh phu Xingapo da thdng qua chie'n lupc phat trien nhan life dUde dao tao ky ndng cao va lilc li dng ehuyen vien mang, theo dd e-learning dUdc xem nhu la mdt chien lUdc then chd't cho sU phat trie'n eon ngUdi tUdng lai d Xingapo Nhilu td chQe chinh phu khae nhQ Uy ban Phat trie'n Thdng tin va Truyen thdng Xingapo (IDA) va Bd Lao dpng Xingapo (MOM) dang hdp tae di phat trien cd sd t i n g e-learning va thuc day ddo tao triic tuyen IDA va MOM eung da khdi dpng chUdng trinh Thay dd'i nhan lilc chie'n lUdc (SMCP) di dap Qng nhQng ddi hdi ve nhan lilc cd ky nang cho tang trUdng kinh te cua da't nUdc Thang 12/2000, chfnh phu Xingapo da cdng bd' ke' hoaeh nam v l khai thac cac C ; N T T truyen thong (Infoeomm 21) nhim muc tieu day manh hdn nQa ldi the eanh tranh quoc gia dUa tren nen tang CNTT TAm nhin eua Infoeomm 21 11 bien Xingapo trd mpt nen kinh te dien tQ thinh vUdng va mdt xa hdi dien tQ mang dac Ifnh truyen thdng Thang 7/2002, chinh phu Xingapo da edng khai ke hoach chu dao nam vl CNTT giao due Iln thQ (20032007), tap trung chil yeu vao phat trien hoat ddng hpe tap g i n liln CNTT vd sU dung CNTT de cai tie'n va nang cao chat lupng qua trinh va thu tue dao tao De nang cao tinh canh tranh cua nin kinh te, nam 2005, chinh phu Xingapo da cdng bd' Kd hoach qudc gia thong minh tdi nam 2015 - ke hoach chu dao iN2015 iN2015 la ke hoach 10 nam vdi muc tieu bien Xingapo mdt phd' toan clu, mdt t h a n h phd' vdi sQc manh cua t r u y i n thdng iN2015 bao gdm hai va'n de ehinh: Thd nhdt, phat trien ed sd t i n g truyen thdng qud'c gia the he tid'p theo (Nil) NhQng phan cua NII cung n h i m thidt ldp mdt mang khdng day didn rdng qud'c gia phuc vu cho viec ket ndi bdng rdng k h l p mpi ndi b Xingapo Thd hai, phat trien nhan lilc truyen thdng Lp trinh phat trien nhan lilc truyen thong la mpt khia canh quan trpng khac eua ke' hoach iN2015 Theo dd, lp trinh phat trie'n ngudn nhan lilc tri gia 120 trieu dd la Xingapo (mdt ke' hoach nam) dUdc xay dilng vdi sQ hdp tac, lien ke't giQa chinh Nguyin Vdn Hung Vd'n de ddo tgo tnfc tuyen a Xingapo phu va eae ddl tae nganh Ke' hoach gdm ndi dung chinh: (1) Cung cap hpc bdng truyen thdng qud'e gia cua IDA de thu hut nhQng tai nang eua nganh truyen thdng; (2) Hinh eau lac bd truyen thdng, nd lUc lien ke't IDA, MOE va nhQng ddl tac nganh vdi quan diem Qng dung va phat trien truyen thdng de giao due tinh than sang tao cua sinh vien; (3) Phat trien eac chQdng trinh khac hd trd lilc lUdng lao ddng nang cao eae ky nang truyen thdng eua hp Cd sd tang day du vA nhQng chfnh sach thfch bdp cua chfnh phu da thuc day sU tang trUdng eua e-learning tai Xingapo E-learning dang dong gop cho nen kinh te Xingapo thdng qua nhieu each va ngUdi ta trdng dpi tam nhin dai ban eua ehinh phu se tao dUde eho Xingapo vi the' la hub e-learning eua khu viic chau A - Thai Binh Dudng Sil tang trUdng tilm nang eua thi trUdng e-learning d Xingapo cho tha'y e-learning gid'ng nhU la edng eu giao due the' he tie'p theo d Xingapo De tao cho e-learning hieu qua hdn, dang cap cao hdn v l tieu chuan va chd't lUdng phai dupe dam bao, sii sang tao can b l n g giQa cdng nghd va sU pham sd Id ehia khda cho cdng cua e-learning d Xingapo NhQng ldi Ich e-learning mang lai se giup Xingapo tdi da hda dude nang sua't lao dpng dilu kien ca'p thie't de tri td'c dp tang trudng kinh te' cao nhU hien Hien trang ddo tao trUc tuyen tai Viet Nam vd mgt sd ggi y ddi vdi Viet Nam rut tit trUdng hdp Xingapo Khdi qudt hien trgng tuyen tgi Viet Nam ddo tgo trUc Tai Viet Nam, sQ phat trien nhQ vu bao cua cdng nghe thdng tin, theo dd sd' ngQdi sQ dung Internet tang vpt, each lam vide, hpc tap, giai tri cung thay dd'i Cac chQdng IS trinh dao tao trUc tuyen d Viet Nam ed the tim tha'y dUde thdng qua cae kenh: eac trUdng dai hpc nUdc, cac chUdng trinh cua nUde ngoai vd cua eae edng ty tii phat trien, nhien da phan deu til phat, manh mun, khdng mang tinh he thd'ng Bd Giao due va Dao tao cung da ed nhieu ddng thai tich cUc nham khuyen khieh dUa CNTT vao giang day, dUa cac kien thQc ve e-learning tdi nhQng can bd quan ly, nha giao, hpc sinh, sinh vien Tuy nhien, e-learning d nUde ta mdi giai doan sd khai, sd' lUdng va chat lUdng chUa cao, pham vi va ddl tUdng Qng dung edn ban ehe, dac biet la thieu eac cd sd vat cha't can thiet Ty le tUdng tae giQa giao vien va hpe vien tren mang cdn tha'p, thieu phUdng phap va dpi ngu can bd giang day Sd' lUdng cae hpe vien ehUa cd, ehUa bie't sQ dung may vi tinh, mang Internet edn nhieu, day la mdt thile te' khd khan qua trinh hpc tap Tam ly hpe theo phUdng phap truyen thd'ng edn an sau ngUdi hpe, ehUa xay dUng dUdc phUdng phap ky nang til hpc Trong bdl canh gia nhap WTO va hdi nhap vao n i n kinh te the' gidi cang sau va rdng, giao due Viet Nam c i n phai dd'i mdi nhanh chdng, dd ed xay dung he thd'ng ddng bd dio tao triic tuye'n Trong dilu kien hien nay, can phai danh gia lai ngan saeh gianh eho nganh giao due (ty trpng, hieu qua sQ dung) dd tang ngan saeh gianh eho cae dil an e-Iearning; d l eae chudng trinh trpng diem qud'e gia, cae dU an n h i m day manh vide trien khai e-Iearning toan bd nganh giao due Ben canh dd, xay diing mdt he thd'ng ed sd t i n g ddng bd, hien dai de'n ta't ea eae ed sd giao due tren toan qud'e, dd cd cd sd tang eho e-Iearning Cac Bd, ban, nganh c i n tang cUdng va 76 Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A 12/2011 nang cao chat lUdng phdl hdp vc cAc van each di t i t ddn dau, tie'p can vdi cac de cd lien quan cAc dii an e-learn- cdng nghe mdi, tan tien, hien dai nha't, cac ing, nhd't la giUa Bd GiAo due vA Dao lao quy trinh, phUdng phap quan ly tdi Uu Eva Bd Thdng tin truyen thdng Tren c() sd learning chinh la mpt nhQng eanh xay difng cAc ke hoach chien I Udc, cac chi cQa nhanh nhd't ma Viet Nam c i n phai lieu cu the Id trinh thiie hien nham trien tan dung Trong dd vide nang cao nhan khai e-learning todn hp he thd'ng thQe, tang cUdng cac phUdng tien thie't bi, giAo due cAn cd cong thong tin giAo due xay dilng mdt cbUdng trinh dao tao chuan liuc luyen (juoc gia, ehUdng trinh sAch vdi Sll tham gia tich ciie, ddng bd cua eac giao khoa (.lien tvi, ngan hang kien thQc Bd, ban ngdnh va ed quan hQu quan, dac qudc gia tQng l)Ac bpc, tiing chuyen biet la ngUdi dan la nhQng vide cdn lam de ngAnh tUng mdn hpc tien t((i ed the thi td't tao nen mdt cu hich ebo e-learning tai nghiep trifc tuyen, thi dai hoc triie tuyen Viet Nam./ CAc cd quan, doanb nghiep tang cUdng xue tien eae ed hdi ddu tif vao cac dQ an giao due, eac dil an tin hpe hda nha trUdng, tin hpc hda cdng tae dao tao, thi cQ Tich cue thUe hien xa hdi hda cdng tac xay dilng phat trien t i n g vien thdng theo hudng hien dai, di t i t ddn d i u vdi cac cdng nghd tan tie'n eua the gidi Ddl vdi eae ed sd giao due (cac trUdng dai hpe, hpc vien, cac vien nghien cQu, eac trUdng phd thdng) c i n day manh trien khai Qng dung eae he tho'ng quan ly hpc tap tien tie'n tren the gidi: ed the mua Qng dung, thue eae edng ty p h l n m i m phat tridn hodc tu phat trien Tieh hdp cae he thd'ng quan ly sinh vien, quan ly cac mdn hpe, chuyen nganh, eac tai lieu nghien cQu tren mdt he thd'ng chung, giao vien, sinh vien eung tQdng tae vdi Nang cao ky ndng sQ dung CNTT dpi ngu giang vien, giao vien tai cac trQdng dai hpc, phd thdng Diy manh cdng tac nghien cQu khoa hpc ve Qng dung tin hpc hda cac he thd'ng quan ly hoc sinh, sinh vien Xingapo cd the cdng qua trinh cdng nghiep hda 15- 20 ndm thi Viet Nam phai can mpt thdi gian nhieu hdn the' Tuy nhien, chung ta hoan toan co the rut n g i n khoang each thdi gian b l n g TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Mohammad Iqbal Bashar & HabibuUah Khan (2007): E-Learning in Singapore: A Brief Assessment Working Paper, No 003/2007, U2lGlobal-Graduate School For Global Leaders, Xingapo, April 2007 Usha V Reddi and Sanjaya Mishra (2005): PERSPECTIVES ON DISTANCE EDUCATION Educational Media in Asia ISBN 1-894975-15-4, Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, 2005 Alex Slow (2004): eLearning Busmess in Singapore, Strategic Relations, Xingapo International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol 12 No.2 (May - August, 2004) pp 138 -141 Le Huy Hoang, Le Xuan Quang (2011): Elearning va Qng dung day hpc Trudng DH Su pham Ha Npi - 3/2011 Vu Qudc Phong (2010): Nhiing Uu dilm va nhupc diem cua e-learning http://bIog.tamtay.vn/ Giao due true tuyen: Bd mdt dong, thu bac ty http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinhte/32031, 25/07/2011 http://vietnamweek.net http://www.sedb.com ... tranh cua nin kinh te, nam 2005, chinh phu Xingapo da cdng bd'' Kd hoach qudc gia thong minh tdi nam 2015 - ke hoach chu dao iN2015 iN2015 la ke hoach 10 nam vdi muc tieu bien Xingapo mdt phd'' toan... trang ddo tao trUc tuyen tai Viet Nam vd mgt sd ggi y ddi vdi Viet Nam rut tit trUdng hdp Xingapo Khdi qudt hien trgng tuyen tgi Viet Nam ddo tgo trUc Tai Viet Nam, sQ phat trien nhQ vu bao cua... chi phi dao tao da giam tQ 50 - 80 dd la Xingapo xud''ng edn 20 - 50 dd la (nam 2009) Ba trUdng dai hpe edng nd''i tie''ng eua Xingapo (Dai hpe qud''e gia Xingapo -NUS, Dai hpe ky thuat Nanyang -