i '''' >• MOT 80 VAN OE Ll LUAN VE Kl NANG TO CHOC OAY HOC TREN LOP cun GinoG ui^n TROHG B H O T H O THCO HOC CHS Tin cni O ThS PHAN TH! T A M '''' Gido dye dgi hge (GDOH) Viet Nam dong frong giai dogn chuy[.]
.i ' >• MOT 80 VAN OE Ll LUAN VE Kl NANG TO CHOC OAY HOC TREN LOP cun GinoG ui^n TROHG BHO THO THCO HOC CHS Tin cni O G ido dye dgi hge (GDOH) Viet N a m dong frong giai dogn chuyin ddl t i i phuong thiic ddo tgo (OT) riieo nidn c h l hgc phdn sang hgc c h l tin ehi {HCTC) DO theo pht/ong thiic OT ndo thi ndng lyc su phgm cuo gidng vidn (GV) vSn dugc coi Id y l u td trye t l l p q u y l t dinh chd't lugng DT cOa nhd frudng DH M d t frong nhi>ng tfidnh td ca bdn cd'u thdnh ndng lye cua GV d d Id ndng lyc ty qudn li qud frinh DT md k l ndng (KN) id chiic dgy hgc frdn Idp {TCDHTL) Id mgt frong nhQng KN quon trgng Trong bdi viet ndy, chung tdi budc ddu frinh bdy mdt sd K N TCDHTL cua GV frong qud frinh OT tfieo HCTC vd b i l u hi$n cua nd d frudng DHSP kx tfiudt Vinh Ddc t r u n g cua OT tfieo HCTC GV Id y l u t d CO bdn q u y l t djnh tfidnh bgi cua nln GDOH Chuyin song DT riieo HCTC Id phuong riiiie OT cho phdp SV dgt dugc vdn bdng OH qua vide tieh luy cdc logi tri tfiiie gido dye khde nhou duge ludng bdng mgt don v| xdc djnh, edn cti fren khdi lugng loo dgng hgc tdp trung binh eiia mdt SV, ggi Id tin chf Tin chi Id khdl lugng hgc tap gdm t i l t hgc If tfiuylt (50 phut) frong hjdn vd keo ddi hgc ki (15-18 hjdn) Cde t i l t hgc logi khde nhu: thye tdp tfii nghidm, dl tfiyc djo, ve, nhgc, tfiyc hdnh nghd tfiugt, tfil dye , cii tilt frong hjdn (kdo ddl hgc kl) duge tinh mdt Hn chf Ngodi ra, d l chudn bj cho Hit ldn Idp, SV phdl bd ro it nhdt g i d Idm vide d ngodi Idp Nhu vdy, lao ddng hgc tdp cOo SV cd mgt phdn «ndi" tfnh tfieo Hd't hgc d Idp vd mgt phdn «chim" Id tfidl glon h/ hgc ngodi g i d Idn Idp (1) Khde vdi DT theo nidn c h l , DT tfieo HCTC ed mgt sd ddc frimg co bdn: - SV dugc ddng ki cdc mdn hgc thich hop vdi ndng lye, hodn cdnh cuo hg vd hgp vdi quy djnh chung; - Lop hgc dugc t d chtic theo mdn hgc d o SV d d n g k i ; - Hogt dgng h/ hgc, h/ nghidn cu^u cOa SV dugc eoi trgng, ngodi vide nghe gidng vd thye hdnh fren Idp, SV duge gloo nhung ndi dung d l tg Tap chi filao due s6 8 (ki a - a/aoia) ThS P H A N TH! T A M ' hge, h/ thyc hdnh, h/ nghien eiiu; nhung ndl dung ndy deu dugc Hnh vdo ndl dung vd tfidl lugng eua chuong trinh DT; - Vide kiem fra ddnh gid k i t qud hge tgp cua SV khdng chf bdng cdc bdl bdl tfil k i t thuc mdn hge md cdn ddnh gid ed qud frinh (gdm ddnh gid cdc hogt ddng frdn Idp, ddnh g i d vide h/ hge d nhd, ddnh gid cdc hogt t ^ n g frong phdng thi nghiem, dl thyc tl ) Cd t h i thd'y, frong phtrong thiic DT mdl, GV phdl thyc hl^n nhieu cdng vide nhu: viet d l cucmg mdn hgc; td chtic gidng dgy theo cht/ong frinh mdn hgc; hudng ddn SV hgc tdp, tfido ludn, tfiyc hdnh; hudng dSn vd qudn If vide h/ hgc cOo SV vd k l l m tra ddnh gid k i t qud hge tdp cho SV Vd TCDHTL Id mdt frong n h l l u cdng vide khd khdn eiia GV chuyin ddl sang phuong riitic DT riieo HCTC, ddi hdl hg phdl hinh riidnh vd rdn tuydn td't KN ndy riii hogt ddng dgy hgc mdl dem lgi kd't qud ddp iing nhu edu xd hdi K N T C D H U ciSo G V frudng D H frong DT tfieo HCTC Do phuong thtic DT thay doi, mud'n hogt ddng OT ed chdt lucmg tfii cde tfidnh to cuo qud frinh DT eung phdi cd nht/ng sy thay tuong ung cho phO hop vdi ddc frimg, yeu cdu cua pht/cmg tfitic OT mdl Mdt frong nhi/ng thdnh to quon frgng dd td phdl hinh tfidnh, phdt friln dugc ndng lyc h/qudn li qud frinh DT cho GV tfii hg mdl cd tfil hodn riidnh tdt ba chiie ndng chinh Id dgy hge, gido dye vd nghien ciiu khoa hge Bdi vl frong frudng DH, GV Idid cd tfil hodn tfidnh nhidm vy dirac n i u hg khdng b i l l Idp ke hogch, td chtic thyc hien vd ddnh gid kd't qud hogt dgng cOa minh mgt cdch khoo hgc vd hidu qud, ddy Id nhi/ng bleu hidn cdn bdn cuo ndng lyc ty qudn li qud frinh DT Ndng lyc h/ qudn If qud frinh DT cua GV dirge h i l u Id ndng lye td chtic, qudn li hogt dgng DT mgt cdch khoa hgc, hgp li vd hidu qud Trong ' Tnriing 0al I19C vt pluM ki thodt Villi d d , mdt nht/ng K N quon Id K N TCDKIL KN TCDHTL cuo GV frong DT tfieo H a C dugc h i l u td khd ndng tfiyc hidn ed k i t qud hogt dgng gidng d g y trdn Idp tfldng quo vl$e vdn dyng nhiing h i l u b i l t v l chuydn mdn nghiep vy d l lya chgn ndi dung, phuong phdp, phuong Hdn dgy hgc vd hinh thtic td chtic dgy hge phu hgp ydu cdu DT tfieo H O C Trdn Idp hgc eua DT theo HCTC, ngodi vide fruyin dgt k i l n tfiiie, GV cdn to chtic hudng ddn SV hgc tdp, Idm bdl tdp, thi nghiem, thdo ludn Hg khdng truyin tfiy ddy dii cde k i l n tfitic frong gido frinh, tdi lldu tham khdo md riiyc hidn vlec hudng dan SV tfch luy k i l n tfiue, KN vd ndng coo hu'ng thu hge tdp Trdn eo sd ede KN TCDHTL ndl chung vd ddc frung cuo dgy hgc tin chi, chOng tdi cho rdng, chuyin sang DT tfieo HCTC, ngodi vide riiyc hidn td't cde KN TCDHTL gid'ng nhu dgy hgc tfieo nidn c h l (nhu: KN ehdo hdi, td chtic d'n djnh Idp, m d ddu mdt bdi gidng, frinh bdy bdng khoo hge, st) dyng ngdn ngO, hd tfid'ng ctJng cd bdl, ), GV cdn phdl hinh thdnh vd rdn luyen mgt so KN TCDHTL ddc tfiu nhu: KN td chu'c vd qudn If \ap hgc; lya chgn vd trinh bdy ngi dung frgng tdm cuo bdl hge; neu vd'n de thdo ludn; si) dyng PPDH tfch cyc; phdn phdl thai glon vd d i l u chfnh hogt dgng dgy hgc fren Idp; td chu'c cho SV thdo ludn; hudng dan SV vgn dyng k i l n tfitic If thuylt vdo vide gidl quyet cdc nhidm vy tfiyc hdnh, tfii nghidm; hudng ddn tg hge; hd tfid'ng hdo k i l n thiie; k i l m fro ddnh gid k l l qud hge Idp frdn Idp Cy t h i : 1) KN ti chuc vd qudn li Idp hgc: t h i hien d khd ndng td chiic vd cd vu tgp riil cung nhu cd nhdn SV tfiyc hidn cdc nhidm vy khde ciio edng tdc dgy hgc vd gido dye d frdn Idp; ehf dgo vd kiem fro hogt dgng cuo SV nhdm dgt duge mye Hdu bdi hge Lop hgc Kn chi Id Idp hgc tfieo mdn hge dugc ddng ki eua mdt hgc ki, cdc thdnh vidn khdng c d dinh frong \ap Id vdn d l GV phdi luu tdm 3) KN niu van di thdo ludn vd bdl tdp trin Idp: rill hidn d khd ndng frinh bdy ydu edu v l bdi tgp vd vd'n d l thdo ludn ro rdng, • k i l n thdo ludn cua SV, kfeh thfeh cdc y k i l n sdng frio vd quo d d udn ndn, gldl tfiich nhung ndl dung SV hieu chua dung 7) iCN hudng dan SV van dyng kiin thi)c It thuyit vdo vlic gldl quyit cdc nhlem vy thyc hdnh, ihf nghiem: t h i hidn d khd ndng hudng ddn SV thye hien cde hogt dgng hgc tdp tfiyc hdnh, tfii nghidm, nhdc nhd nhi/ng dieu edn ehu y Idm thi nghiem, dl thye tdp, ihyc t l v.v 8) KN hudng dan ft/ hgc: tfil hidn d khd ndng lya chgn nhung vd'n d l md SV cd the \g hodn tfidnh dugc di yeu cdu SV \g hgc, tg nghidn etiu 2) KN Iga chgn vd trinh bdy ndl dung frgng ngodi g i d Idn Idp nhdm c h i l m h'nh k i l n tfiiie, KN tdm cua bdl hgc: tfil hidn d khd ndng gidi thfeh mdi Odng tfidl ndi rd sdn phdm phdl hodn riidnh, nhiing vd'n de md GV cho Id SV se gdp khd khdn cdch ddnh g i d , gidi riildu tdi lldu riiam khdo vd Kf dge, h; nghidn etiu gido trinh, tdi lieu Khi nhdn mgnh nhOng vd'n de md SV cdn chu y frong gidng bdl eung nhu hudng ddn thdo ludn, gido frinh vd tdi lieu riiam khdo d l SV tich cyc GV phdl chgn nhi/ng vd'n d l cdt loi, quon frgng hodn thdnh nhidm vy tu hge de trinh bdy nhdm tgo cho SV ndn n l n tdng Hep 9) KN he thd'ng hda kiin thuc: riie hidn d khd tfiu vd khdm phd k i l n tfitic mdl ndng khdl qudt cdc y k i l n trao ddl eua SV frdn Tap chifilaodue s6 8 (k* a • 6/aoiai k5p hgc, duo nhdn xdt vd dl d i n k i t ludn cudi cOng v l ndi dung bdi hgc vd nhdn mgnh nhung vd'n d l md SV phdl ghi nhd 10) KN kiim tra Snh gid kit qud hgc tap h-en Idp: tfil hidn d khd ndng ddnh gid tfidi (te, k i t qud hgc tgp frdn Idp vd h/ hgc d nhd eua SV cung nhu k i l n tfiue md SV thu nhdn dugc tfidng qua g i d Idn Idp vd tfido ludn Trdn ddy Id mdt sd K N TCDHTL co bdn frong OT tin ehf iheo nghien etiu biroe ddu cuo chung tdi Quo d d cho thdy frong OT Hn chf, ngodi v l ^ fruyin dgt k i l n riitic, GV cdn phdi tdp frung lao ddng cOo minh vdo vide hudng ddn vd glao n h l ^ vy cho SV h/ Hm k l l m k i l n thiic d ngodi g i d Idn Idp Do vdy hg cdn bdl dudng cho SV ndng lyc h/ hgc, frio d i l u Iddn eho hg phdt friln h/ sdng tgo, rdn luy#n K N riiyc hdnh vd khd ndng vgn dyng k i l n thuc vdo riiyc Hen tfiod ddng ndn nhleu GV ddnh gia k i t qud hge Igp frdn Idp cua SV cho qua chuyen Do d d KN k l l m fro ddnh gid k i t qud hgc tdp fren Idp chua duoc GV quon tdm rdn luydn, N h u vgy, nhin tir tfiyc Hen, hogt ddng TCDHTL cuo cOo GV ehua dgt dugc hieu qud coo nhu mong dgi Bdn eanh nhung ti khdeh quon khde tfii hg tfillu KN TCDHTL frong DT tfieo H Q C Id mgt frong nhi/ng nguyen nhdn co bdn Do vdy, GV OH cdn phdi dugc rdn luydn d l ndng coo IC^ KN TCDHTL cua GV cd vol frd ddc bidt quon frgng ddi vdi k i t qud hgc tdp cuo SV frong DT tfieo HCTC GV dugc eoi Id ngudi hudng dan, ed vd'n vd hogt dgng nhu Id mdt thdnh vidn thorn gio vdo qud frinh hge tgp d frdn Idp vdi cdc nhdm SV Hg trd tfidnh ngudn tham khdo vd giup SV thdo g d nhi/ng khd khdn qud frinh hge tdp M d t s d b i l u h l ^ n K N TCDHTl c u e G V vd nghidn etiu Trong qud frinh d d , GV hieu vd ehio sd nhung khd khdn vd frdeh nhiem hgc tdp OH c h u y i n sang OT tfieo HCTC Thyc l l cho tfidy, KN TCDHTL cOo GV frong vdi SV, ddng hdnh cung SV d l hg hodn thdnh nhi^m vy hgc tgp Vi vdy, vlec nghidn etiu nhdm DT h'n chf cd mdt sd b i l u hidn nhu sou: - V i ^ dgy hgc frdn Idp eua GV da boo qudt phdt friln ndng lyc GV, frong d d cd KN TCDHTL kl6i tfiuc CO bdn cuo mdn hgc theo de cucmg quy frong DT tfieo HCTC Id cdn tfillt • djnh, nhidn chO y l u van Id dgy hgc fruyin tfi^g b i i g phuong phdp tfiuylt trinh, phdt v ^ , GV chua (1) Lam Quang Thi$p "Vd vi$c ap dyng hpc ch£ tin tfil hi$n dugc KN sii dyng PPDH tfch eye - N h l l u GV eho rdng chuyen ddi chuong frinh song hd tfldng tin chf ndi dung khdng gidm md sd g i d Idn Idp gidm (1 h'n chf hrong duong 1,5 don vj hge frinh); vi vgy, riiuylt frinh md van chua chuyin tdi h i t ndl dung mdn hgc riii cdn dau tfidi glon td chiic cho SV Idm bdi tdp, tfido ludn Nhu vgy, vide td chtic cho SV thdo ludn Id chua phd b i l n nen GV chua riil hidn dugc KN ndu vd'n d l riido ludn, ro bdl tdp fren Idp vd td chuc cho SV thdo ludn chl trftn th6 giiSi va d Vi$t Nam" (To? dam vi dao t^o theo u'n chi d DHQG Ha NQi) 4/2006 Tdi lif u tham khdo NguySn Nhu An H^ thdng ki ndng gidng dpy trin Idp vd quy trinh rin luy^n ki ndng dd cho sinh viin Khoa Tdm li - Gido due Lujn an PTS Giao dye hyc Trudng Dai hyc su phpn Ha NOi, 1993 L6 Th?ic can "Td chiic giSng day va hpc tap theo chuong trinh djnh s3n va theo hyc ch^ tin chi" (To? dam vfi dao t?o theo tin chi d DHQG Ha NOi), 4/2006 Le Van Hfing (chu bifin) Tflm U h^c Iiifa tudi vk - Nhi/ng ndl dung duge quy djnh eho h/ hge Tam li hpc supham NXB Dpi hpc qudc gia Hd Ndi tfii SV cOng «h/ hge" tfieo dung nghTa den ctia nd 2001 md chua nhdn duge sy hudng dan cy tfil h i phia Mai Trpng Nhuan "Djnh hudng tri^n khai t6 chuc GV Bdn cgnh dd, d mgt sd frudng he thdng phdng dao tao theo h? thdng tin chi d DHQG Ha NOi" (Toa hgc chiic ndng, tfiu vidn, sdch tham khdo chua dam vd dao t?o theo tin chi d DHQG Ha NOi), 4/2006 phong phu Idm cho G V ehua tfiyc sy khde phye khd khdn d l ddi mdi dgy hgc - Ddnh gid k i t qud hge top frdn Idp tfidng qua d i l m tfidl d d , d i l m bdl tdp vd tfido ludn frdn Idp, Tuy nhidn, ngodi tfidi gian ehu yeu frdn kip (gid cigy n h l l u k h i l n GV cdng tfidng, met mdl), cdng vol mdt sd li khde nhu c h l chua Tap chi filao due so 8 (ki a • d/aoia) SUMMARY One of the fundamentc^ components of teachers capability is the capability of self-management of trcsrtig process, in whk:htt)eskiS of organizing teaching in ckjss Is one of the important ^lls TTie article presents 10 skills of organizing teaching in class and some expres^n of these ^(^ income iectiffersm the creditbased training system # ... phpn Ha NOi, 1993 L6 Th?ic can "Td chiic giSng day va hpc tap theo chuong trinh djnh s3n va theo hyc ch^ tin chi" (To? dam vfi dao t?o theo tin chi d DHQG Ha NOi), 4/2006 Le Van Hfing (chu bifin)... tich ct/c, eho ddng, sdng hao eOa SV Trong etic phuong phdp ndy, GV Id ngudi td chiic, hutSmg ddn, cdn SV Id ngudi phdi Heh eye h; duy, h/ gidc Idm v l ^ theo hudng dan, hg h/ q u y l t dinh... dd, d mgt sd frudng he thdng phdng dao tao theo h? thdng tin chi d DHQG Ha NOi" (Toa hgc chiic ndng, tfiu vidn, sdch tham khdo chua dam vd dao t?o theo tin chi d DHQG Ha NOi), 4/2006 phong phu