XAY DITNG CHUAN DAU RA GOP PHAN DAM BAG CHAZ LU0m QIM DUC dAI EQC O Ti^S SU N G O C A N H " 1 Chudn ddu ra (CDR) Hidn nay, ed n h l l u quan n i^m v l CDR (Learning Outcomes), ehdng hgn; Alan Jenkins[.]
XAY DITNG CHUAN DAU RA GOP PHAN DAM BAG CHAZ LU0m QIM DUC dAI EQC O Ti^S SU N G O C A N H " C h u d n d d u r a (CDR) H i d n n a y , ed n h l l u q u a n n i ^ m v l CDR (Learning Outcomes), ehdng hgn; Alan Jenkins vd Dove Unv/ln (2001) cho rdng: CDR Id sg khdng djnh cua nhi/ng dliu ki vgng, mong muin mdt ngudi hgc tit nghidp cd khd ndng Idm dugc nhd kit qud cOa ciud h-inh ddo tgo (DT) (qud trinh DT d ddy cd t h i Id mgt g i d hgc, mgt hge phdn hodc lodn b g khda hge); Dgi hgc New South Wales Australia dua ro khdl nISm: CDR Id Idl khSng dinh cOa nhO'ng dliu md chOng ta mud'n sinh vidn (SV) chung ta cd khd ndng Idm, biit hodc hiiu nhd hodn thdnh mdt khda DT vide hgc; b i l n qud frinh DT thdnh qud frinh ty DT; Idm eho qud frinh DT gdn vol nhu edu thyc t l hon Bdi, CDR cd the: 1) Giijp SV b i l t duge d i l u gt md minh edn dgt dugc mdt cdch khd chi t i l t , K> d d khdng ngt/ng no lyc hge tdp vd ren luyen theo cdc CDR oe thdnh edng hon hge tdp; ddp ung yeu edu ctia nhd frudng vd xd hdl Ddng thdi, dinh hudng duge nghe nghidp, b i l t dugc co hdi vide Idm, co hgi hgc t^p ciio bdn thdn frong tirong lai / D d i hdl dgi ngu gidng vidn (GV) phdl tdp frung, ddu tu vdo ehudn bj ndl dung, ddl mdl phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) vd k l l m fro, ddnh ^ nude to cung cd n h l l u co quan qudn If (QL), gid d l ddp ung dugc nhCmg ydu edu dd ddt nhd khoa hgc d l egp d i n khdi ni^m CDR Chdng frong CDR Nhu vdy, se khdng cdn vlec GV dgy hgn: «CDR Id sg khSng djnh hgc sinh Idm dugc nhtJng gi minh cd, CSGD cung cdp djeh vy gido nhung gi vd kiin thuc, ki ndng, thdi dd, hdnh vi dye c6 d i n ddu thi Idm d i n dd khdng chu frgng md hgc sinh phdl dgt dugc tit nghl$p d mdt den k i t qud ddu ciio ngudi hgc ngdnh DT hodc d mdt chuong trinh DT" (1); hoy: 3) Giiip eo sd DT vd nhd QL gido dye frong «CDR Id nhCrng hjydn billdn quan din nhi/ng gi vide QL chdt lugng gido dye theo k i t qud ddu ra; ngirdi hgc cd thi hiiu, ndm vung vd cd the thgc ho frg cdng hie ddm bdo chd't li/gng, xdc djnh hidn dugc sau hodn td't mgt qud trinh DT" (2) ndng lyc ddu ro ciio SV mdi frinh riieo ngdnh Du cd khd nhieu khdi nidm v l CDR, nht/ng DT; Tdm co sd eho vide mien tru', edng nhdn vdn chung co bdn gid'ng v l mdt bdn chdt, y bdng, tin chi mdt cdch hidu qud; tgo d i l u kien nghTa, d d Id: CDR gido dye dgi hgc (GDDH) hgc lien thdng, hgc sudt ddl vd hinh thdnh cdc Id ki vgng vi nhung gi SV se biet vd c6 thi Idm ehudn DT khde nhu chudn ddu vdo, chudn ndl dugc ribd dd tham gia qud trinh DT; Hii hlin ihanh dung chuong frinh, gido frinh, chudn PPDH, chudn Heh hoc tdp, rdn luydn cua SV(cudl khdo hgc, SV thi, k l l m fro, ddnh g i d , chudn co sd vdt chd't, tdi sd h i l u dugc gi vd cd t h i Idm dugfc gi) Khde vdi chinh vd td cht/c QL myc Hdu DT, CDR dugc v l l l trdn quan d i l m ctia 4) Cung cdp thdng tin cho nhd tuyen dyng ngudi hgc vdi cde Hdu chi ed t h i lugng gid dugc ddnh gid khd ndng eung t/ng nhdn lyc cuo cdc d l xde d n h thdnh tfch Tu d d , giup co sd gido CSGD, b i l t dugc ngudn hjyIn dyngvd tuyin dyng dye (CSGD) djnh hudng lya chgn cdc not dung, dgt hidu qud TO d d , cd chidn luge xdy dyng ddi riiyc thi chuong trinh vd k i l m tra, ddnh g i d xde tde vol ede CSGD d l phdt t r i l n nguon nhdn lye thyc khd ndng DT cho CO quan, doanh nghidp cuo minh Vide t h i l t ke n g i d u n g , chuong trinh OT, phuong phdp kiem fro, ddnh g i d cdc khda hgc bdng cdch st/dyng CDR se tgo ro cuge cdch mgng frong ddl mdl gido dye, d d Id: c h u y i n qud frinh OT h> tdp trung vdo gido vidn song' hudng d i n ngudi hge, c h u y i n frgng tdm h> vide dgy song Tap chi filao due so 8 (ki a • 6/aoig) Cd t h i md hinh hdo mdi quon he gli/a CDR vol cdc thdnh td khde tieu chudn nghe vd tidu chudn DT bdng md hinh {xem hinh 1) Hinh eho thd'y, vol trd frung tdm cua CDR frong qud 'Hfcri^BAiiiRhiibaadiM {phdm chdt chfnh frj, dgo due, ^ tht/c, tdc j A o n g nghe nghidp, frdeh nhlem cdng ddn, thdi phye vu }; Tieng A n h hodc ngogi ngiJ khde (TOEFL, lELTS, TOEIC }; Cdng nglid thdng Hn (khd ndng Nln .On aim, Sli dyng Hn hgc vdn phdng, phdn mem chuydn t dung.,.); Ndng lyc hdnh vl khde, nhu: gloo Hip, h/ duy, thdng Hn, Idm vide nhdm, gldl q u y l t vd'n l*°_"_ _ Chuin 4lun - k d l , tgo vifcTdm, khdl tgo doanh nghiep 3) Nhung cdng vlic chinh SV tit nghiip c6 H/n/i Mil quon h$ glQa CDR v6l cdc li Irongthi Idm dugc NhOng nhidm vy ehinh md ngudi tISu chuin Diva tiSu chuan nghi nghl$p td't nghidp cd t h i Idm duge; Ydu cdu chd't lutang, hidu qud riiye hidn nhung nhlem vy ehfnh dd 4} Khd ndng hgc tap, ndng cao trinh dg sau frinh DT, dd ydu cdu v l ddu ro ehju hac ddng h/ cdc quyet djnh bdn ngodi (vf d y , ydu cdu tit nghiip 5) Cdc chuong trinh, tdi lldu, chuin quae ti v l Heu chudn n g h i ctia t h i gidl vi|e Idm), vd d i n lugt minh se tde ddng Idn td't cd cdc thdnh td khde: md nhd frudng rfiom khdo Kr vide K;yln dau vdo, hge tdp, gidng dgy d i n Tht/c hl^n quy c h l cdng khai cuo Bg GD-DT, c h l l n luoc k l l m fro, ddnh gid vd k i t qud DT K i t Hep K/c thyc h l f n chii fruong «Nd/ Ididng vdi DT qud ndy lgi ed tdc dgng d i n nhimg q u y l t djnh khdng dgt chuin, khdng ddp ung nhu cau xd hgi", cuo nhd QL, h/ d d ede yeu edu v l tfdu ro cd the nhleu CSGD dd rd sodt lgi myc tieu DT, xdy dyng dugc chinh sua Nhu vdy, CDR di/ge d i l u chinh vd edng b d CDR cho K>ng ngdnh, chuydn ngdnh lldn K/e gdp phdn ndng cao chdt lugng gido dye, DT hodc chucmg frinh OT Tuy nhidn, vide xdy ddp t/ng ydu cdu ngdy edng coo v l ngudn nhdn dyng CDR Clio cdc CO sdOTvdn cdn tdn tgi khdng lyc Clio thj trudng loo ddng Vdi vol trd quon it bdt cdp, nhu: t h i l u djnh It/gng chudn xde ede frgng d d , xdy dyng CDR khdng nhung frd thdnh thdnh td edu thdnh CDR, n h l l u y l u td dugc d i l n nhu edu ed'p thilt cua cdc cdp QL frong edng eugc dgt chung chung khdng dinh lugng duge; ehua chdn n l n gido dye nude to, md cdn Id ydu thu thdp dugc phdn hdl tu ngudi hgc Idn cdc don cdu bdt biidc ciio chinh bdn thdn cde eo sd GDDH vj su dyng sdn phdm DT d l kjp thdi d i l u chinh; Tdm lgi, xdy dt/ng CDR tgi cdc co sd GDDH mong h'nh hinh thi/e; chua thyc sy t ^ u tu cdng Id qud frinh nghien cuu, d i l u fro, khdo sdt, d y sue d l xdy dyng chudn ndn ehua cdi thien dugc bdo v l nhu cdu, chd't lugng ngudn nhdn lye md chirong trinh DT, chua ndng cao dt/gc chd't lugng xd hgi ydu cdu vd cdn et) vdo st/ mgng, myc Hdu, DT nhu ki vgng eiia eo quon nhd QL vd x d hdl ngudn lye sSn cd cuo co sd GDDH d l thiet k l , t h i Q u y frinh x d y d y n g vd cdng bd' CDR hien nhi/ng ndng lyc tdng qudt vd nhi/ng kT ndng Budc 1; Thdnh lap Ban chi dgo Giam ddc cy t h i cuo ngudi td't nghidp md nhd frudng mud'n hoy hieu hvdng thdnh Idp Ban chf dgo xdy dyng tgo ro, nhdm d i l u chinh qud trinh DT ngdy cdng vd cdng bo CDR eua Hgc vien, nhd tnrong Thdnh gdn vdi thj frudng lao dgng phdn gdm: hidu hvdng, phd hidu frudng phy frdeh niglMvlKUni t ™.«a »i L » r i f :SS°^ DT, h v d n g cdc Khoa, frudng cde Bg mdn, frudng N d i d u n g cdn c d frong vdn b d n CDR CDR cuo moi ngdnh OT/moI chuong frinh DT phdng DT, frudng phdng Khoa hgc, gidm doc Id vdn bdn cd Knh phdp quy, vdn bdn o d cdn t h i Trung ldm Khdo thi vd Ddm bdo chdt lugng, frudng phdng K l hogch Tdi vy.,., cdc chuydn gio thude hidn rd cde ngi dung audi ddy: 1) Gldl thldu ngdnh (chuyen ngdnh) DT: Tdn lag mdn hodc dgi didn ede khoo khde ddl vdi ngdnh (chuydn ngdnh) DT; Trinh dd, thdi glon DT; mgt so ngdnh DT mang tinh lldn ngdnh, dgi didn CO quon, don vj h;yln dyng (st> dyng lao dgng) Tdm tdt v l chuong trinh DT 2) Yiu cau vi kiin thuc, kr ndng, thdi vd Bude 2: Thdnh lap Hdl ding xdy dung (ZDR d hdnh vl khac cua ngudi hgc hodn thdnh khda Khoa Cdc khoo hinh Hidnh Hdl ddng xdy dyng hgc Sou hgc xong chuong frinh, SV cd: V l CDR gdm: Ldnh dgo Khoa, Bg mdn vd GV bd k i l n tht>c {fri tht/c chuydn mdn, ndng lyc nghe mon ed kinh nghiem ehuydn mon vd ngogi ngi/; nghidp }; V e k l n d n g (kTndng chuydn mdn, ndng Chuyen gio dgi didn doanh nghidp gdn vol ngdnh lye thye hdnh nghe nghidp, kT nfing xu li Hnh DT (cd t h i Id hge sinh eu cuo frudng); Cdn bg Idm hudng, kT ndng gidl quye't vdn d l ) ; V l thdi d o thu kf cho Hdi ddng Hieu frudng quyet djnh Tap chi filao due s6 8 (k* a • 6/aoia) thdnh Idp Hdl ddng xdy dt/ng COR d ed'p Khoa E)d'l vdi cde chuong frinh DT lien ngdnh, Hgi ddng xdy d y n g cd t h i gdm dgi dien eua ede khoo lldn quon Bude 3: Hgp bdn thing nhd't ki hogch thgc hlin To cht/c cdc phidn hgp, thdo ludn de thdng nhdt k l hogch vd cdch Idm Rd sodt, xdy dyng Igi myc Hdu DT theo chudn phdn log! Bloom, phdn cdng nhlem vy, bo tri ngudn lyc tdi chfnh vd nhdn sy, thdi gian cdn thiet hodn thdnh d y thdo Budc 4: Tichuc kiim tra, rd sodt chuang frinh DT, gdm: rd sodt ndl dung DT, PPDH, thi, k l l m fra, ddnh g i d , lidn hd vdi CDR vt>a xdc Igp vd d i l u kidn thye hl^n Bude 5: Ti chuc lay •^ kiin gdp f hodn thien CDR Lay y k i l n v l nhung ngi dung ei3a CDR theo ydu edu vd cde d i l u kidn d l ddm bdo thyc hl$n COR {Id frinh, ddl n g u G V , ngudn lyc tdi chfnh } vdi sy thorn gio ctia Idnh dgo nhd trudng, chu nhi^m Khoa, cdc trudng Bd mdn theo ngdnh DT, dgi didn GV, hgc sinh vd" ddc bidt Id dgi didn doanh nghidp dd'i tdc vdi Trudng (hodc Khoa) Budc d: Cdng bo CDR Hieu trudng kf vd cdng bd CDR Clio cdc ngdnh DT frdn website vd In thdnh tdi li^u de GV, SV, cde don vj si/ dyng lao dgng cd quon tdm b i l t ; ed t h i td chuc hgp bdo d l gldl thi^u CDR, nhung cam k i t vd 1$ frinh thye hidn Nhd h v d n g cd t h i td cht/c kf k i t gluo Idnh dgo nhd trudng vdi cdc khoo, p h d n g , ban truOmg, dgi didn cdng d o d n , hdl SV de cung phdi hgp Ihyc hi#n'CDR M d t s d luu y x d y d y n g COR 1) CDR phdl ddm bdo «tinh vua suc"di phdn Idn SV cd Ichd ndng vugt quo khdo hgc (ggi Id mt/c ngudng) v d phO hgp v d i ndng lye cuo CSGD Kinh nghidm ciia mdt sd co sd GDDH uy h'n trdn t h i gidi eho thdy, nen xdy dyng tdi da khodng hai muoi CDR ey the cho todn b g mgt chuong trinh DT dgi hgc, frong d d c6 mgt sd ft ede CDR trgng tdm, cdt loi 2) Ngdn ngu frong CDR phdl Id ngdn ngCr khoa hgc vd cy the M d l CDR phdl khdng djnh duge nhung dieu ngudi hgc Idm dugc kdt thue khdo OT vd cd t h i quon sdt, ludng, ddnh gid dugc Khdng st/ dyng cdc h/ t h i hidn CDR ehung chung khd djnh Hnh, djnh lucmg nhu: ed h i l u b i l t , b i l t r d , hieu rd, h i l u sdu, cd k i l n thuc, ndm dugc, ndm chdc, ndm vCfrig, qudn fridt, Idm quen v o l , gidc ngd M d t khde, mdl CDR khdng phdl Id d y djnh dgy hge ciio GV ndn edn hd't st/c frdnh cdch v i l t CDR nhu: nhdm cung cdp k i l n thuc, giup Tap chi filao due so 8 hdnh dgng M o i COR cdn ed cdu tnic: ddng h) hdnh ddng -i- chO de ctia myc Hdu gido dye cy t h i St) dyng cd'u frijc cdu don gidn, frdnh d l gidl thich soi Idch, frdnh t l i n g Idng, n i u cdn t h i l t cd t h i su dyng n h l l u eau de ddm bdo sy rd rdng M d i dgng Kr hdnh ddng phdl gdn vdi mdt ed'p dd nguyen tde phdn logi Clio Bloom (3) 4) Oe «cv the hda" COR mgt chuong frinh DT, phdl xdy dyng CDR cho h/ng hgc phdn Mdl hgc phdn cd vol frd, vi frf nhd't djnh frong todn bd c|ud frinh DT SV tfch luy du sd hgc pridn frong cht/ong trinh se hodn thdnh khdo hge Tue Id SV dgt dugc CDR cdc hgc phdn frong chuong frinh OT sd hodn fr>dn cd Hid dgt dugc CDR cOo mdt ngdnh, ehuydn ngdnh DT Mgt hge phdn cd cd'u friic td't phdl t h i hien ro rdng CDR vd cde bdl tgp ddnh gid frong hgc phdn d d Tt> d d , ddi hdl GV phdi thiet k l bdl tdp phu hgp d l SV cd t h i dgt dt/gc CDR riieo yeu edu Md'i quan he giua CDR vol phuong phdp dgy vd hge, bdl tdp ddnh gid Idm cho qud frinh dgy hgc trd ndn minh bgch, rd rdng ddl vdi SV vd cdc bdn lldn quan frong hgc phdn d d • (1) BO GD-DT COng van sO 5543/BGDDT-GDCN 9/9/2010 vd vi$c Hudng dUn xay dyng va cOng bo' chu^n ddu cua nganh dao tao Tmng c^p chuySn nghi$p (2) Trudng d^ii hgc Khoa hpc ty nhiOn TP, Hd Chl Minh, Chuin ddu cdc nganh dao t^o h$ d^i hpc Trufrng d^i hyc Khoa hpc ty nhiOn TP H6 Chi Minh 2009 (3) B Bloom, Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals Handbook I, cognitive main New York: Longman 1956 Tdi li$u tham khSo BO GD-DT Cdng vdn sd2196/BGDDT-GDDHngdy (Xem tiip frang 23) dye ndy Bdn cgnh d d , d o vl$e GDKNS khdng davhocintel.net/diendan/showthread.php?t=1584i: phdi !d chuang frinh ehfnh khda ddl vdi SV ndn http://www.dinhvisinhvien.com/Su-Kien/NEW66/ vide tfnh g i d hodc quy ddl g i d khdng duge di Dao-tao-ky-nang-mem-cho-sinh-vien-can-bat-dau-tucdp, nhung edng vide ndy ddl hdi n h i l u cdng viec-dinh-huong-moi-thuc-su-co-hieu-qua.hlml: http://www.edtech.com.vn/index.php/khcntintuc/ st/c vd khd vdt vd ndn cd the cd quy djnh ridng 148-khcntintuc: http://www.domevietnam.coni/vn/ cho CBGV riiom gio gidng dgy hodc td cht/c 94/283/content-news.aspx cdc hoot dgng GDKNS d l ddm bdo quyen \o\ SUI^MAItY cho CBGV Tdm tgi, KNS Id K N ed vol frd quon frgng Life skills are important for students in both their life ddl vol SV frong cude sd'ng vd edng vide Vide and work In today's society it is important for colleges QLGD KNS vd GDKt^S eho SV frong cdc frudng and universities to educate students atx)ut life skills Thus, colleges and universities need to start taking CO, OH Id vlec Idm edn thilt vd cdp bdch frong xd action by developing programs, developing the hgi hidn dgi Nhdn thuc dugc tdm quon frgng cuo capacity of teachers, developing monitoring and vide GDKNS vd cd hdnh ddng dung cho v l ^ Idm evaluation tools, upgrading equipment and faciirtles ndy cdn quon frgng vd cdp odch hon t^4gay Ki and including life skills education into their annual budget Doing ttiese things wlil contribute in increasing hdy g i d cde nhd frt/dng cdn xay dt/ng cho minh quality of education In colleges and universities and chucmg trinh hogt d g n g , Idng cudng dgi ngu all-round education for Vietnamese people that CBGV, dgng lido ede hogt ddng v l GDKNS, target of educational Law refers to In Vietnam h i n hdnh cdng hfic k l l m fro, gidm sdtvd ddnh g i d , ddng thdi frang bj cdc frang thilt bj, co sd vdt chdi, tdi chinh cho GDKNS cho SV Ldm dugc d i l u ndy sd gdp phdn vdo vide ndng coo c h ^ lugng (Tiip theo trang 31) QLGD vd gido dye frong cdc nhd frudng vd gdp phdn vdo vi§e gido dye todn didn ngudi Vl?t 22/04/2010 vi vi^c Hu&ng ddn xdy dimg vd cdng bd Nam theo mye Hdu cuo Ludt G i d o dye Q ehudn ddu BO GD-DT Di dn Ddi mdi gido d\ic d^i hpc Vi^t {1) 25 KN duvc ddng d^ h6i sinh vien vd edn bO, giio Nam giai dopn 2006-2020 2005 vien bao g(5m: 1) KN giao Utfp; 2) KN vi^t; 3) Sy BO GD-DT Quy chith}ic hiin cdng khai ddi vdi ca trung thyc; 4) Ldm vi^c theo nh6m; 5) Sy chu dOng; sd gido difc c&a h( thdng gido dfic qudc ddn 2009 6) L6ng tin edy; 7) Khd ndng tjp trung; 8) Gidi quy^t Declan Kennedy - Aine Hyland - Norma Ryan khiing hodng: 9) Tinh linh hoat, thich ihig; 10) KN Writing and Using Learning Outcomes: a Practical lanh dao; 11) Khk nSng kSt nO'i; 12) Chju duoc dp lye Guide 2003 c6ng vi$e; 13) KN ddt cdu hdi; 14) T u d u y sdng 190; Hi$p hOi cde tnrtyng d^i hpc, cao dang ngodi c6ng 15) KN gdy dnh hudng; 16) KN nghifin cuu; 17) T6 Idp Vi$t Nam Tdi liiu bSi dudng ehudn ddu vd chuc; 18) Giki quy^t v^n dfi; 19) Ndm chdc v6 da phdt triin chuong tnnh gido di^c dpi hpc, H 2010 d^ng vdn hod; 20) KN su dyng mdy Iinh; 21) Tinh Alan Jenkins Chudn ddu vd du&ng hu&ng thiit thdn hpc hdi; 22) Djnh hudng chi tiit cOng vi$e; 23) ki chuang trinh ddo tpo difa trin chudn ddu {bin KN djnh lugng; 24) KN ddo (90 truydn thy; 25) KN dich ti^ng Vi$t), H 2010 qudn Ii th&i gian http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/education/curricuIa/ giscc/units/formal/outcomes.html Tdi li^u tham khdo Xay d p g chuan dau Nguyfin Thanh Binh Gido trinh cbuy£n dd gido dye kl ndng sffng NXB D(ii ht?c suph^m, H 2011 Nguyfin Thj My LOc - Dinh Thj Kim Thoa - Trdn Van Tinh - VQ Phucmg Lifin Gido dye gid trj stfng vd kl ndng stfng cho hpc sinh trung bye p h i thftng tdi lifu diing cho gido vifin THPT NXB £)