^ ^ i ^ s o ^ s o i ^i 17 DIEN OAN DAY VA HOC Cung CO de phat trien manh giao due tir xa GS VS NGUYEN CANH TOAN Gido dye khdng chfnh quy d nUde ta thudng khdng dupe coi trpng Rd ret nhat Id Uy ban nha[.]
^^i^so^soi 17 ^i: DIEN OAN DAY VA HOC Cung CO de phat trien manh giao due tir xa GS.VS NGUYEN CANH TOAN G ido dye khdng chfnh quy d nUde ta thudng khdng dupe coi trpng Rd ret nhat Id: Uy ban nhan ddn thdnh phd Da Ndng khdng cha'p nhan nhflng ngfldi cd bang khdng chfnh quy vao lam viec cd qiian Nha nude, vi nhu anh Tran Hflu Nam thi nghien cflu sinh dd dau, nhung cudi cflng bj loai vi bang cua Id bang gido due tfl xa, nhdn hd sd ngfldi ta quen chfl y nen eho thi, den phdt hien ra, du dd dau anh eung bj loai Trong xa hdi nay, cung phai hpe sudt ddi, sd ngudi hpe chi'nh quy chf bang nfla sd ngUdi hpc khdng chfnh quy Mat khde, nhflng ngUdi hpe khdng chfnh quy tuyet dai bd phdn lai la nhflng ngfldi dang lam viec phye vy xa hdi nen vide hpc eua hp cd tdc dyng true tiep den ndng sud't, chat lUdng cdng vide cua hp Nhung, ngdn sach ddnh eho gido dye khdng chfnh quy, ddc biet cho gido dye tfl xa qud han hep, cde cd quan quan If gido due ra't ft ban den giao dye tfl xa, chf loay hoay vdi gido dye chfnh quy Chfnh tinh hinh dd, lam eho giao dye cija nfldc ta khdng dap flng dflpe yeu cau "ai na'y dflpe hpe hanh" Hang nam, loai tdi 85% thf sinh thi vdo dai hpc Cho nen bay gid, phai ddt van de cijng cd gido due khdng chi'nh quy, ddc biet Id gido dye tfl xa, vi khoang cdeh khdng gian gifla th^y va trd Id mdt trd ngai rd't Idn eho viec td chfle day hpe, lam cho viec hpc chfnh quy trd nen rd't tdn kem, den mfle md UNESCO da phai dung den tfnh tfl "vfldng gia" de ndi ve gido dye chfnh quy Ngdy nay, cdng nghp thdng tin da giup khac phye dflpe rat nhieu nhflng khd khan khoang cdeh gifla thay va trd dat ra, cho nen phUdng hudng phdt trien manh gido dye de cung dUdc hpc hdnh la phai tan dyng cdng nghe thdng tin de cho thay trd du xa nfla vdng qua da't cung cd the tien hanh day vd hpe dUde NhUng nude ta lai rat cham chap di theo hfldng dd Chflng ed Id den sdp cd Vinasat II nhflng ehfla thay nganh gido dye rue rjch gi de tien hanh gido dye qua ve tinh Khd khdn Idn nha't Id nhdn thUe eua xa hdi, ngudi ta nghiem nhidn coi vi#c hpe chinh quy la dua lai cha't lupng eao nhd't, nen mdi cd nhflng chuyen nhu tren da ndi, dd la ngfldi ta coi edi bang "tfl xa" chd cd gid trj gi Nhdn thfle nhu v$y cd dung khdng? Cd If ludn l l n thfle tiln deu chflng td nhdn thfle nhfl vay Id sai lam Sai lam d'y Id hieu sai nguyen nhdn lam nen chat Ifldng giao dye Cd ngfldi nhan thfle rang nha gido quyet djnh chat Iflpng gido dye (dieu 15, Luat Gido due) Trong luc md quy luat ve chat Ifldng gido dye Id: "Sy phdt huy ndi Ifle d ngudi hpc quyet djnh chat lupng gido due" Sai lam ndi tren Id nhan thfle sai ve day vd hpc, coi day Id truyen thy kien thfle, hpc Id tiep thu kien thfle Tfl dd sinh viec y lai vao thay, chd thay rdt kien thfle vdo dau cho Trong lue dd, d thdi dai khoa hpc tien nhfl vu bao, mye tieu dao tao eua gido dye Id phai tao nhflng ngfldi ndng ddng, sang tao Hpc kieu thy ddng chd thay rdt kien thfle vdo dau eho thi lam trd nen ndng ddng, sdng tao dfldc Trong chfl hpc ngdy nay, an rd't nhieu chfl khde (cac kieu tfl duy, lang dpng, van dung, cam thy, giao tiep, thuyet phye, tdc phong edng nghiep, v.v ) Td't ca nhflng cai dd khdng the thay rdt vao dau trd ddn gian dfldc, ma chi'nh Id thay chf cd the gdi y, chf ve, edn trd phai tfl ren luyen lay mdi dflpe Ngay nay, ngfldi ta cd Idm ren luyen hpc sinh, sinh vien dat dflpe yeu cau: "Trong sudt eude ddi cua mot ngudi, h i can den kien thUe gi, chUa cd sdn bd de eua hp, thi hp ed the tU tim lay kien thUe dd bang cdeh tra cflu vd nghien cflu" Viec ta lam ehUdng trinh hpc vdi phfldng cham: "Cd ban, hien dai, Viet Nam", cd nhflpe diem la ngfldi lam ehfldng trinh thfldng nhdn danh hien dai ma nhdi nhet kien thfle Phfldng hfldng day eho ngfldi hpc cdeh tu tim lay kien thfle minh can, trdnh dflpe sfl nhdi nhet Ngfldi hpc trd.phai trd nen chfl the eua viec hpc, ndu cd thay thi eung chf Id ngUdi giup dd md thdi Hpc tfl xa da bien cai khd "xa thay" cai thudn ldi la "khd y lai vdo thay", dd budc phai phdt huy manh ndi lUc ThUc tiln d nUdc ta da cd nhflng chuyen nhu sau Trong 11 nam, tfl 1977 den 1988, Bd Giao dye (cu) da tien hanh ddo tao tfl xa gido vien phd thdng trung hpc Nhieu ngfldi phan ddi chu trfldng ndy, hp eho rang, dao tao gido vien thi phai dao tao ehinh quy tfl te, ddi lai di ddo tao mdt cdeh khdng ehinh quy Id ddo tao tfl xa Bd chu trfldng sd sinh (Xem tiep trang 20) 1.^ 507-2011 Datt^^HpC Nguyen ly ndi rdng mpi sfl vat hien tfldng deu tdc ddng va anh hfldng lan ca thdi gian vd khdng gian Mdi lien he dd mang tinh phd bien, tfle la mpi dieu kien, mpi trang thai, mpi sfl vat, hien tfldng d i u cd mdi lien he l l n va ehung ta dUa ddn chflng de minh hpa Theo ehung tdi, chf ed md ta eae bleu hien, be ngoai eae sU vat hien tupng, d nguyen ly nay, ehung ta van dyng djnh luat Van vat hap dan ciJa Newton de chflng minh thi sdu sac hdn nhieu Dinh ludt dd phdt bieu rang, mpi vat the deu cd sfle hap d i n mdt ty le thuan vdi khdi Ifldng eua eae vat the va ty le nghieh vdi binh phfldng khoang each gifla cde vat the tde dyng, nd dflpe the hien bang edng thfle: E =K '1'"2 Trong dd F la the hien Iflc tde ddng; m,, m^ la khdi Iflpng eua vat the va vat the 2; R la khoang edeh gifla vat the tae dung: K la he so hap ddn, nd ed the dm hoac dfldng, khdng ed trj sd bang khdng, trj sd K > thi vat the hut nhau, tri sd K < cde vat day Hut hay day triet hpc deu la sfl tdc ddng va anh hudng lan Cang khoa hpe cdng phdt trien thi nhflng nguyen ly cCia phep bien bien cang dung dan mdt edeh den bat ngd Cd the ndi rang cac nguyen ly cua Triet hpe MdcLenVi deu cd the van dyng ede khoa hpe khac de chflng minh Khi giang day chung ta ed gang tim tdi van dung se ndng cao chat Ifldng cija bdi giang ndi rieng va nguyen ly ndi ehung Ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day triet hpc lay ngUdi hpe lam trung tdm Lfng dyng ede tflu cua edng nghe thdng tin giang day Hau het eae trudng dai hpc deu phd bien phUdng phdp thuyet trinh diln giang Id chu ydu Phfldng phdp ed flu diem Id giang vien truyen thy dfldc khdi Ifldng Idn ed he thdng cde tri thfle cho hpc vien phfldng phdp thay ddng vai trd truyen dat, dieu khien qua trinh (Tnh hpi tri thfle eua hpe vien Vi vay, hpe vien ft cd thdi gian ddng naOi suy nghT, dd khdng phdt huy dfldc tfnh ddc lap cija minh viec tiep thu tri thfle lam han ehe chat Iflpng bai giang Trong qua trinh ddi mdi mot sd trfldng hdp qud lam dyng trinh chieu cdng nghe thdng tin, hoac mdt sd vdn bao thu khdng mudn ddi ma ehu yeu thuyet trinh mdt chieu thay dpc trd nghi ea hai xu hUdng ndy deu khdng dung Ma phai tao sU kdt hpp hai phUdng phap dd mdt each thuan thye va nhuan nhuyin thi mdi dat hieu qua nha't djnh Trong dd phai lay ngudi hpe lam trung tam, khdi day tiem ndng tinh sang tao va sU thdng hoa thu nhan tri thUe eua thay ddi vdi ngUdi hpe Tdm lai, ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day triet hpe he thdng nha trUdng la ta't yeu khdeh quan nham khdng ngflng nang cao tinh chu ddng doe lap tfl eho ngfldi hpe Song viec van dyng phfldng phdp nao ddi hdi "mdi chu the ma trflde het la dpi ngu giang day phai het sfle men deo, bdi vi khdng ed phfldng phdp ndo la van nang eho mpi bai giang Viec ddi mdi giang day cdn Id tdng hpp nhieu yeu td khac qud trinh giang day nhu ehUdng trinh, mye tieu yeu cau ddo tao mdi trUdng vat chat tdi lieu va chat lUdng dau vao can phai cd nhieu giai phdp ddng bd vd hieu qua Cungcd (Tiep theo trang 17) vien tfl xa ndy phai thi tdt nghidp chung vdi sinh vien chi'nh quy, md khdng dfldc chieu ed cham ehflde gi het Da td chfle dao tao dflpe khod, vdi lan thi tdt nghiep chung nhfl vay Ket qua, sinh vien tfl xa khdng kem gl sinh vien chfnh quy, mac dfl mdi vao hpc, hp dfldc tuyen tfl nhflng ngfldi da thi hdng vdo dai hpe nhflng dat diem san Cd cau ehuydn sau day da xay d Khoa Ngfl van TrUdng D^i hpc Su pham Ha Ndi Khi bat dau ed he tfl xa, ede thdy d khoa eung khdng thdng nha't y kien ve chat lUdng ddo tao Khoa ben cd chu trUdng bai tap nhU cho ca hai loai sinh vien ehinh quy vd tfl xa, la'y sinh vien chfnh quy Idm ddi chflng Chu trUdng dUde tien hdnh lien nam, vd qua viec so sanh cac bai lam thi phai di den ket ludn rang, sinh vien tfl xa khdng kem gi sinh vien chfnh quy Hdi ddng khoa hpc cua khoa hpp lai va cudi cung deu nha't tri vdi nhu sau: sinh vien chfnh quy hang ngdy dUde gan cac thay, nen cd tfl tfldng y lai, thi'eh nghe cde thay len Idp giang, nhat la nhflng thay dfldc tieng Id day gidi Cdn sinh vien tfl xa phai xa thay nen each hpe eua hp la ddc lap lam viec vdi tai lieu vd sdeh vd Chi'nh cai sfl doe lap lam viec vdi sdeh vd nay, da lam nen chat Ifldng d hp Cdn d chd, nhflng nam xd thay, hp ve eae trfldng phd thdng tap lam giao vien, cho nen hinh thfle ddo tao edn gpi la hinh thfle vfla hpe vfla Idm gido vien Nhfl vay, hp cdn dfldc ren luyen ve mat lam nghe day hpe hdn Id sinh vien chfnh quy, va dieu dd cdng the hien rd hp da trfldng Idm thay Cho den da hdn 20 ndm trdi qua, vfla rdi ed tin rang: Anh, My, Ue cung ea ngdi hinh thfle vfla hpe vfla Idm la hinh thfle hay nha't viec ddo tao thay gido va thay thuoc Ndi nhfl tren thi phai tha'y i^ang, hinh thfle chfnh quy cung c6 mat tich cfle cua nd, d i quan If theo nhflng chuan mfle nhat djnh, bdi vay phai biet ket hdp kheo leo ca hai hinh thufc ehinh quy va tfl xa thi mdi thdnh edng Trong 11 ndm lam thfl viec dao tao d Viet Nam, tfl 1977 -1988 da dao tao dflpe 2000 gido vien cd chat Ifldng, ddp flng dflpe sfl thidu gido vien phd thdng trung hpe da't nude vfla mdi thdng nha't Nhfl vay, rd rang quy ludt chat Ifldng, la sfl phat huy npi Ifle d ngfldi hpc Sau da giai quyet dupe van de nhan thfle, se md dfldng eho mdt loat chu trUdng khde ThU nhat, nen xod bd nhflng ehinh sach coi thudng, coi khinh nhflng bang khdng chinh quy, ma nen td chile nhflng ki thi ehung gifla sinh vien chfnh quy va khdng chfnh quy, rdi cung cap mdt loai bang, khdng phdn biet ThU hai, phai ren luyen thdi quen tfl hpc tfl bae hpc phd thdng, khdi phuc ".vdn hod dpc" d hpc sinh Thif ba, phai eho ngfldi di nghien cflu ve khoa hpc sil pham tfl xa, dung edng nghe thdng tin va nha't Id v f tinh de cd the truyen viec day hpc di xa den nfla vdng qua dat, hdn nfla cung de quan Ii hpe vien ThU tu, phai sdm hinh mdt trung tdm qudc gia vl giao dye tfl xa, thi mdi du sfle chf dao thfle hien dU(?c nhflng dieu ndi tren day ThU nam, pt\k\ phdn tang chat Ifldng gido due dai hpc de hd trd eho chfl trUdng phdt trien gido dye tfl xa ... qua, sinh vien tfl xa khdng kem gl sinh vien chfnh quy, mac dfl mdi vao hpc, hp dfldc tuyen tfl nhflng ngfldi da thi hdng vdo dai hpe nhflng dat diem san Cd cau ehuydn sau day da xay d Khoa Ngfl... Khi bat dau ed he tfl xa, ede thdy d khoa eung khdng thdng nha''t y kien ve chat lUdng ddo tao Khoa ben cd chu trUdng bai tap nhU cho ca hai loai sinh vien ehinh quy vd tfl xa, la''y sinh vien chfnh... nghe cde thay len Idp giang, nhat la nhflng thay dfldc tieng Id day gidi Cdn sinh vien tfl xa phai xa thay nen each hpe eua hp la ddc lap lam viec vdi tai lieu vd sdeh vd Chi''nh cai sfl doe lap