LkymHpc sd^^sou 53 ^Phifofng phap hifofng din hoc sinh thu thap, l(hai thac, sir dung tiT lieu hd trcr viec to chirc hoat dpng hoc tap mon Dja If ldp 12 ThS TRAN XUAN TIEP TrUdng THPT Vd TrUdng Toan X[.]
LkymHpc sd^^sou 53 ^Phifofng phap hifofng din hoc sinh thu thap, l(hai thac, sir dung tiT lieu hd trcr viec to chirc hoat dpng hoc tap mon Dja If ldp 12 ThS TRAN XUAN TIEP TrUdng THPT Vd TrUdng Toan - Xuan Tay - Cam My - Dbng Nai DAT VAN BE Trong day hpe mbn Dja If phb thbng hien nay, c i n phai phat then va bbi dUdng eho hpe sinh nhQng nang IUc va hanh dbng c i n thiet nhU: hoat dpng tu duy, tich cue, chu ddng, tU thu thap tim hieu kiln thQc, nam vQng cae ky nang dja If va bilt van dung eac tri thQc ed dupe vao thue tiln cupc sbng Db'i vdi hpc sinh Idp 12 viec ren luyen kTnang dja li khdng chi giUp cac em hoan thien cae kT nang da hpe d eac Idp dau c i p ma cdn giup eho cae em cd t h l hpe tap tbt ehUdng trinh dja II tU nhiSn, kinh t l - xa hbi Viet Nam Cd nhQng kT nang c i n thilt de ed t h l tu hpe sau trudng, ap dung vao thUe tiln cube sbng va tilp tue hpe d bac cao hdn De dat dUde mue tieu ve kiln thUe, ky nang ehUdng trinh dja If 12 ddi hbi hpc sinh phai tim hieu va ITnh hbi dUdc rit nhieu van de nhu: thUe trang nen kinh t l Viet Nam qua trinh dbi mdi va hdi nhap Vj trf dja If, pham vi lanh thb va qua trinh hlnh thanh, phat triln lanh thb Cac dac diem v l tu nhi§n, v i n de sCf dung va bao ve tU nhien Dan cU va dae diem dan cU cua nude ta Kinh t l , eac nganh kinh t l , sU phat triln va quy md, cd c i u nganh Cac vung kinh t l , dae dilm va su phat triln cua cae vung Dja li dja phUdng tim hilu dja If tinh, phb Tuy nhien, vdi thdi gian rat ft tren Idp rit khd de hpc sinh n i m vQng dUde lUdng kiln thQc tren, ddi hbi giao vi§n phai trang bj eho hpc sinh nhQng kT nang can thilt qua trinh hpc tap nhU: Ky nang tU hpc, ky nang iam vibe cae nhan, kT nang iam viee nhbm, ky nang thu thap, khai thac va sCf dung cac ngubn tU lieu dja li phuc vu hpc tap Trong cae ky nang tren, n l u hpe sinh thUe hien tb't dUde cac ky nang thu thap, khai thac va sCf dung cac ngubn tU li§u dja If vao hpe tap se giup hpc sinh cd dieu kien vUa tl/ hpc, tu bb sung kiln thQc dja li Idp 12 mpt each tU giac, thudng xuybn cd khoa hpc la mbt y l u tb tieh cue nang cao dUdc kit qua day va hpc Tuy nhibn, vibe hudng d i n cho hpe sinh eac ky nang sUu tim, khai thac, sCf dung ngu&n tU libu tb chQc hoat dbng hpc tap dja If cac trUdng phb thbng hibn chUa dU(?c nhilu giao vibn quan tam ChUa phat huy hit dU(?c vai trd chu dbng, tfch cue cua hpc sinh day va hpe dja If Da sb hpe sinh chUa cd dUde nhOng kT nang hpe tap can thiet nhU: KT nang tU tim hilu, phat hien va giai quylt cac v i n de tren ed sd tU giac, kha nang dpe lap, sang tao va chu dpng hpc tap tren Idp cung nhu d nha TQ nhQng If tren, toi nhan thiy can nghien cQu " PhUdng phip hUdng dan hpc sinh thu thap, khai thic, sd dung ngudn tU lieu ho trp eho td chUe hoat ddng hpe tip mdn dia If Idp 12"\k van de rit can thilt, cd gia trj thiet thUc dbi vdi van de day va hpc dja ly phb thdng hien NOI DUNG PHUdNG PHAP HUdNG DAN HOC SINH THU THAP, KHAI THAC, sO DUNG NGUON TU LlfU H TRd TO CHLfC HOAT DONG HOC TAP MON BIA Ll' LdP 12 PhUdng phap hUdng d i n hpc sinh thu thap, khai thac, sQ dung ngubn tU lieu hb trd eho tb chQc hoat ddng hpc tap mdn dja If Idp 12 bao gbm eac ndi dung nhU: a HUdng dan hgc sinh thu th$p tuli^u - Ngubn tU lieu can thu thap se dUde hpe sinh xac djnh dUa tren cd sd cae nhiem vu hpe tap ma giao vifen da de cae nhiem vu hpc tap chUdng trinh dja li Idp 12 cu the la: He thbng cae eau hbi ve Dja li tu nhien, Dia li kinh te xa hpi Viet Nam theo tUng bai hpe, bai tap nhan thQc, bai thUe hanh eb yeu c i u thu thap thbng tin, bai tap dja If dia phUdng, cac chu de hoat dpng ngoai khda dja li TU lieu hpc sinh cd the thu thap tU cae ngubn ngoai sach khoa nhU: cac tai lieu dang kenh chQ tU sach, bao, tap chi, ban db, lUde db, sb lieu thb'ng ke, tranh anh, tai lieu dja li Viet Nam, ngubn tU lieu tQ mang Internet, cac chUdng trinh truyen hinh, cac chUdng trinh khoa hpe, cac hien tUdng dja If xung quanh, hay cae ngubn tU lieu dja If dja phUdng Trong qua trinh thu thap tU lieu hpe sinh phai thUc hien dUdc mbt sb ky nang nhU: Ky nang lUa chpn ngubn tU lieu, dua vao mue tidu can dat cua nhiem vu dupe giao d l hpc sinh lUa chp ngubn tu lieu phU hdp Ky nang dpe tai lieu: ky nang giao vibn n§n thUdng xuyen hudng d i n hpc sinh cac tilt hpc tU d i u 54 c i p hpe Vi du dpe mbt doan thbng tin sach giao khoa va tra Idi cac cau hbi cua giao vien, dpe thdng tin rut nhan xet, ndi dung, y nghTa theo cac c i p dp tU thap d i n cao Ky nang ghi chep, lUu tQ ngubn tU lieu ngubn tU lieu: giao vien hudng dan hpe sinh each ghi chep tai lieu dang kenh chQ, lUu trQ hinh anh, video clip, sb liSu thbng ke, xQ li eac dpan phim X i p tu lieu theo he thbng de sCf dung, luu trQ ckc dTa may vi tfnh, lUu trQ tren mang Internet b Hudng din hgc sinh khai thic ngudn tulleu - Giao vien hUdng dan hpc sinh khai thac ngubn tU lieu thdng qua cac hinh thUe tb chQc hoat dbng hpc tap nhU: hoat dbng hpc tap chfnh khba, hoat dbng hpc tap ngoai khda, hudng dan tU hpc Hpc sinh van dung cac ky nang dja li can thilt d l khai thac kiln thQc tQ cac ngubn tU lieu dja li cu the nhU: Khai thac kiln thQc tQ Atiat dia li Viet Nam, cac loai ban db Viet Nam, khai thac eac bang sb lieu, cac loai bieu db, tranh anh qua trinh hpc bai mdi, bai thue hanh, dn tap Khai thac kiln thQc tQ cae ngubn tU lieu de tb chQc hoat dpng ngoai khda dja If Idp 12, tim hieu dja li dja phUdng HUdng d i n hpc sinh tiep can vdi cbng nghe thdng tin qua viee khai thac ngubn tU lieu dia If Idp 12 tren Internet Dudi day la mpt sb dja chi trang Web rit hQu ich d l hpe sinh khai thac ngubn tU lieu d l phuc vu hoat ddng hpc tap mdn Dja li Idp 12* SQ dung cac cdng cu tim kiem nd se djnh vj va tim kilm cae trang Web tren mang Internet cd ndi dung lien quan de tQ khda ma hpc sinh can sUu tam thdng tin nhU: http://www.google.com http://Www.yahoo.com http://www.vinaseek.com c SOdyng ngudn tull$u tdehOc ho?t dgng hgc tap mdn Dia li Idp 12 Trong npi dung hpc sinh t h l hien tfnh tfch cUe, kha nang thao tac tU duy, phan tfch, tbng hdp, so sanh, khai quat hda, he thb'ng hba cac ngubn tU lieu ed dUde de sCf dung cac tinh hubng giai quylt cac nhiem vu hpe tap nhu: Tra Idi nhUng cau hbi qua trinh hpc bai mdi Lam bai tap nhan thQc Hoan philu hpc tap Lam bai thUe hanh viet bao cao " 509-2011 DQUVOHQC Trinh bay ngubn tu lieu theo ehu de then lam dia If, Sinh hoat cau lac bp dja IL N H Q N G YEU CAU KHI HUdNG D A N HOC SINH THU THAP,,KHAI THAC, SL/ DUNG CAC N G U N T U L||U H TRd TO CHUfC HOAT DQNG HOC TAP MON DjA U LdP 12 - Giao vibn can xac djnh npi dung, mue ti§u can dat eua tUng bai hpc chUdng trinh mbn Dja li Idp 12 va cac ngubn tU lieu can thu thap, khai thac de phuc vu eho bai hpc Giao vien la ngUdi tb chQe, hUdng dan chi dao qua trinh day hpe, hpc sinh la ngUdi chu dbng de thu thap, khai thac va sCf dung cac ngubn tU lieu dia li - Giao vien can xay dUng mbt he thbng cau hbi, bai tap, phieu hpe tap, bai thUc hanh tren cd sd cae ndi dung ehUdng trinh dja li Idp 12 de hudng dan hpe sinh tu thu thap va khai thac cac ngubn tu lieu phuc vu cho qua trinh hpc tap - Giao vien phai phbi hdp linh hoat eac hlnh thQc tb chCfc day hpe hUdng d i n hpc sinh thu thap, khai thac, sCf dung eac ngubn tU lieu dia If nhU: tai Idp, d nha, ngoai khba dja li, tu hpc Hpe sinh phai dUde trang bj nhQng kT nang nhU: kT nang thu thap thdng tin, khai thae eac sb lieu, cae bang so lieu, eac loai bieu db, ban db, Atlat dia II Viet Nam tranh anh, eac sb lieu lUu trQ cae phUdng tien hien dai, khai thac tu lieu tU Internet Giao vien c i n hudng dan cho hpc sinh dja chi eac ngubn tU lieu giup hpe sinh cb the tU thu thap, khai thac ngubn thdng tin hoan nhiem vu giao vien giao - Giao vien can thbng nhat trudc vdi hpc sinh ve mbt so npi dung sau: Thdi gian hoan nhien vu Cach thQc thu thap, lUu trQ tU lieu dUdi dang sb hba hay dudi dang tai lieu thUdng cac phUdng tien ho trd qua trinh thUc hien nhiem vu -Giao vien c i n hUdngdan hpc sinh sinh each xQ If tU lieu thu thap dUdc nhU: XQ If cae tU lieu dang kenh chQ gbm: tbng hdp, chpn Ipc, phan loai x i p xep eac loai tU libu dang kdnh chQ theo npi dung theo bai hpc d l dang cho viee sCf dung XQ li cac dang tU lieu dang sb hda gbm: caeh lUu may vi tinh, dTa CD, each lUu trQ cac doan phim; sii dyng * sii DUNG CAC DANG DjA CHJ WEB CU THE www.nationalgeographic.com Dja ly qub'c te Cac dQ lieu thdng tin http://home.ciren.gov.vn/ http://www.undp.org.vn NhQng van de ve thien tai Viet Nam www.mapquest.eom Tim kiem ban db http://www.sheppardsottware.com/ Bb sUu tap nhQng bQc anh cua ta't ck ckc quoc gia http://Www.nationalgeographic.com/ Phim ve chu de dja li http://atlas.aaas.org/flash At lat dan sb va tai nguyen mdi trUdng www.moet.gov.vn Bb Giao due va Dao tao www.gioitinhtuoiteen.org.vn Ngdi nha tuoi tre www.unesco.org.vn UNESCO Viet Nam www.unieef.org/vietnam/vi/ UNICEF Viet Nam www.un.org.vn/who WHO Viet Nam ,_55 LkMvaHpC s6 20X^SfiA\ M.t^ _ _ _ _ _ _ cac phin mem d l xQ li cae tranh anh, phim PHUdNG PHAP HUdNG D A N HOC SINH THU THAP, KHAI THAC, SL/ DUNG CAC NGUON TU LIf U DjA Ll H TRd TO CHL/C HOAT DONG HOC TAP MON DjA Ll' L P 12 De hUdng d i n hpc sinh thu thap, khai thac sQ dung cae ngubn tU lieu day hpe mdn Dja li Idp 12 mdt each hieu qua, giao vien nen tien hanh theo quy trinh sau: Giao nhiem vu Hgc sinh thao luan ket qua GV Djnh hiT&ng • Hoc sinh chii dong thu thap, khai thac tu- lieu GVto chirc Birdc Giao vien giao nhifm vu Trong budc nhiem vu duge giao c6 thl la cae eau hoi, phiSu hoc tap, cac bai tap nhan thiic hay dang bai thuc hanh eb yeu cau thu thap, khai thae thong tin dia li phu vu qua trinh hoe tap Cac nhiem vy duac giao vien ma hoa tir noi dung cae bai hpc chuang trinh mon Dia li lap 12 Dac diem dia hinh Viet Nam BUdc Hoc sinh dpe lap thu thap, khai thac cac ; ngudn t U l l f u I - Day la budc hpc sinh hoat dbng dbc lap thu thap va khai thac tu lieu tren cd sd nhiem vu dUde giao Trong hoat dbng hpe sinh van dung nhQng ky nang c i n thiet nhU: Ky nang dpe tai lieu, ky nang khai thae ban db, lUdc db, sb lieu thb'ng kb, tranh anh, ky nang lUu trQ s i p x i p ngubn tU lieu tlm dUdc V i n de thu thap va khai thae tai lieu mbt each dbc lap hpe sinh cd t h l thUe hien tai ldp, d nha hay cac hoat ddng ngoai khda dja If theo nbi dung va nhi0m vu giao vi§n giao Vf du: De hpc sinh tu thu thap va khai thae ngubn tU libu phu vu eho vibe hpc Bai 30 " Vin de phit trien nginh giao thdng van tai vi thdng tin liin lad' phan " Giao thdng vin tif Giao vi§n tb chQc nhu sau: Chia Idp nhdm, cae nhdm ve nha chuan Xif thu thap, khai thac tu libu, hinh anh, phim ve dae dilm, vai trd, phan bb cua mbt sb loai hinh giao thdng ^ Hoc sinh tich eye giai quyet cac nhiem vu Tri thuc can dat GVnhan xet, ket luan Cae nhiem vu cb the duac thue hien bang nhieu hinh thuc nhu: tai lop, a nha, tir hpe, ngoai khoa dja li Vi du : De huong dan hoc thu thap thbng tin tim hieu dia hinh Viet Nam qua trinh tb chue hpc sinh hpc Bai " Dat nuac nhieu dbi nui", giao vien giao chd hpe sinh nhipm vu sau: Tim hieu sach giao khoa vd cac ngudn tu lieu cdn thiet hoan bdng Bieu hien eua Viet Nam nhU: Dudng bd, dudng s i t , dudng sdng, dudng bien, dudng khdng, dUdng bng Neu y k i l n cua nhbm ve v i n de tbn tai cua nganh giao thong Viet Nam hien nhU: Tai nan giao thdng, Cd sd tang, y thQc cua ngUdi dan Neu bien phap giai quylt, Sau dd giao vien tb chQc cho hpc sinh trinh bay npi dung iam viec cCia nhdm minh gid hpc bai mdi phan " Giao thdng van til' BUdc Suf dung cac nguon tU l i f u dja li Day la budc t h l hien dUde tinh tfch cue, kha nang thao tae tu duy, phan tich, tbng hdp, so sanh khai quat hda, he thbng hda de sQ dung nhQng ngubn tu liSu mlnh ed qua trinh hoan nhiem vu dU(?c giao Ngubn tU lieu dupe hpc sinh x i p x i p mpt each dbc lap theo kha nang phan tich tbng hdp eua minh de thQc hien nhQng nhiem vu dUpe giao TU dd hpc sinh se ITnh 56 hbi dUdc nhQng tri thQc mdi b i l n dbi nhQng thdng tin db k i l n thQc cua ban than Tren cd sd ngubn tai lieu hpc sinh da thu thap giao vien tb chQc cho hpc sinh lam viec nhU tra Idi nhUng cau hbi qua trinh hpc bai mdi, thac luan cae van de dja li, iam bai tap, hoan philu hpe tap, lam cac bai thuc hanh v i l t bao cao hay trinh bay cac bubi triln lam dja li, sinh hoat cau lae bb dja If VI du: Sau hpc sinh Idp 12 hpe xpng phan npi dung "Dia li cae nginh kinh te" giao vien ed t h l tb chQc cho hpe sinh thuc hien mbt bubi triln lam dja If nham giao due hUdng nghiep cho hpc sinh vdi yeu cau sau: Tim h i l u ve cae nganh nghe thubc cac ITnh vUc ebng nghiep, ndng nghiep, djeh vu tQ nhQng ngubn tU lieu hpc sinh da thu thap qua trinh hpc npi dung phan "Dia li cic nginh kinh te" dUdi dang thiet ke md hinh, bd sUu tap tranh anh ve cae nganh nghe ed thuylt minh, thdng tin ve cac nganh nghe; quan diem cua cac em ve cac nganh nghe thubc cac ITnh vUc ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, djeh vu Budc Ket luan va chuan xac hoa ngubn thong tin (3 budc giao vien tb chQc cho vien khae, nhdm khae bb sung, gbp y, thao luan trinh bay k i t qua thUc hien nhiem vu eua hpe sinh Giao vien bb sung, chuan xac ngubn thdng tin dia li hpe sinh da trinh bay giup cac em hoan thien qua trinh ITnh hdi tri thUe cua minh - Giao vien can cd nhQng nhan xet, danh gia ket qua lam viec cQa hpe sinh dbng thdi khfch le nhQng ea nhan, nhdm cd k i t qua iam viec tb't cd dUdc ngubn tU lieu hay Phb bien kinh nghiem iam viec cho tap the, giao vien hudng dan hpc sinh each lUu trQ x i p xep ngubn tQ lieu dja If hpe sinh thu thap dUde trd ngubn tU lieu hOu ich cho nha trUdng KET LUAN Viec hudng dan hpc sinh ehu ddng khai thac cae ngubn tu lieu dja li phuc vu cho qua trinh hpe tap cua minh, la mpt giai phap d l chuyen tQ phUdng phap day hpc truyen thbng sang phUdng phap lay hpc sinh lam trung tam d trUdng phb thdng SO 9-2011 myimHpc Ngubn tu lieu hpc sinh thu thap khai thac dUdc vdi ta each la ngubn tri thQc chQ khdng phai chi la nhQng thong tin d l minh hpa Vi day la san pham cua ea mbt qua trinh hpc sinh tieh cUc, chu dpng thu thap phan tich he thbng hba khai quat hba ngubn tu lieu d l hoan nhiem vu ma giao vien da de Tao dieu kien cho hpc sinh c6 dieu kien de tU nghien cQu, tU hpc, tu iam viec vdi nguSn tu lieu phuc vu qua trinh hpc tap cua mlnh D l hudng d i n hpc sinh ti'ch cue tU sUu tam, khai thac tai lieu de ho trd vec tb chQc hoat dbng hpc tap dja If mpt eac hieu qua, giao vien nen quan tam mbt sb van de sau: Can thudng xuyen ren luyen cho hpc sinh cae ky nang dia li nhU: Ky nang khai thac ban db, lUde db, so lieu thb'ng ke, tranh anh, ky nang khai thac tU lieu ti/ Internet, ky nang thu thap, xQ li thdng tin Thilt ke cac bai giang dja li trung hpc phb thong theo phUdng phap tich cUe, tao dieu kien cho hpe sinh c6 the chu dbng iam viec, tU tlm hieu kham pha tri thUe va hoan mue tieu bai hpc - xac djnh mue tieu, nbi dung cu the cua tQng bai hoc d l xay dUng cac hinh thQc hoat dbng, cae eau hoi, bai tap, bai thUc hanh yeu cau hpc sinh phai tfch eUc thu thap, khai thac ngubn tU lieu de hoan Tao cho hpc sinh ed phUdng phap, thdi quen, hUng thu hpc tap Dat hpc sinh vao cac tinh hubng phai tu giac ehu ddng tlm tdi kien thQc d l hoan nhiem vu giao vien giao qua trinh hpc bai mdi, iam bai thuc hanh, hpc d nha hay hoat ddng ngoai khda dja If Trong qua trinh bay van de khdng tranh dUdc nhQng thieu sdt, mong dupe sU ddng gdp y kien eua Qu^ Thay (Cd) gup bai v i l t dUdc hoan thien hdn Xin chan cam dn! TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Canh Toan (ehb bien 1997) Nguyen Ky - Vu Van Tao - Bui Tudng, 'Guy trinh Day - tU hpc" NXBGD, Ha Npi Nguyen Due Vu - Pham Thj Sen (2004), "DdimdiphUCng phip day hpc dia ly d trung hpc thdng", NXBGD, Ha Npi Nguyen OUc Vu (2007), "Kithuit day hpc dja lid trUdng thdng", ... PHUdNG PHAP HUdNG D A N HOC SINH THU THAP, KHAI THAC, SL/ DUNG CAC NGUON TU LIf U DjA Ll H TRd TO CHL/C HOAT DONG HOC TAP MON DjA Ll'' L P 12 De hUdng d i n hpc sinh thu thap, khai thac sQ dung cae... BUdc Hoc sinh dpe lap thu thap, khai thac cac ; ngudn t U l l f u I - Day la budc hpc sinh hoat dbng dbc lap thu thap va khai thac tu lieu tren cd sd nhiem vu dUde giao Trong hoat dbng hpe sinh. .. eau hoi, bai tap, bai thUc hanh yeu cau hpc sinh phai tfch eUc thu thap, khai thac ngubn tU lieu de hoan Tao cho hpc sinh ed phUdng phap, thdi quen, hUng thu hpc tap Dat hpc sinh vao cac tinh hubng